This Act authorises the Commonwealth Australian Crime Commission (ACC) to carry out investigations and intelligence operations in Tasmania into "serious and organised crime" that involve State law. It gives the ACC coercive tools: written determinations by the Board to declare "special" operations, private examinations with power to summons witnesses and compel documents, search-warrant and passport/ arrest orders, evidence-sharing rules and criminal penalties for non‑compliance or improper disclosure.
The law mainly affects people and organisations called before examiners, ACC staff, the Board and State law‑enforcement agencies: it creates compliance duties, disclosure limits and prosecutorial referral mechanisms, and vests decision-making discretion in the Board, CEO and issuing judicial officers.
This Act establishes the Australian Crime Commission (ACC) as an agency able to perform intelligence operations and investigations into serious and organised crime insofar as that crime involves offences against Tasmanian law. It imports and operates alongside the Commonwealth Australian Crime Commission Act 2002 (the ACC Act), gives the ACC specific powers for State operations and investigations, and creates procedures, protections and limits governing examinations, summonses, notices, search warrants and inter-governmental oversight.
Mechanically, the Act:
Confers functions on the ACC to investigate or undertake intelligence operations concerning relevant criminal activity that involve State offences (s5). The ACC may also report on outcomes to the Board (s5(c)).
Makes the CEO responsible for managing, coordinating and controlling ACC State operations and investigations and for designating the head of each operation or investigation (s6(1)-(3)). The CEO can appoint counsel assisting the ACC (s7).
Establishes Board procedures for designating an ACC State intelligence operation as a special operation or an ACC State investigation as a special investigation (ss8-15). The Board must document determinations, describe general circumstances and set out purposes (s8(4)), and the decision takes immediate effect (s8(6)).
Authorises examiners to hold private examinations for special operations or investigations (s17-18), including powers to summon witnesses and require documents (ss19-20). Examinations are subject to limits on publication and attendance (s18(3), (9)).
Creates criminal offences for non-compliance with summonses and notices, for refusing to answer or produce documents, for false or misleading evidence, and for unauthorised disclosure of restricted information (ss20(4)-(7), 23(6), 25(1)-(4), 22(1)-(5), 44(2)). Penalties are expressed in penalty units or imprisonment and vary by offence.
Current sections
Direct links to the current provisions in Australian Crime Commission (Tasmania) Act 2004.
| Note: That Act was originally known as the National Crime Authority Act 1984. |
ACC operation/investigation means –
(a) an ACC State intelligence operation; or
(b) an ACC State investigation;
ACC State intelligence operation means an intelligence operation that the ACC is undertaking under section 5(b) ;
ACC State investigation means an investigation that the ACC is conducting under section 5(a) ;
authority includes a department, agency or body;
Commonwealth body or person means –
(a) the ACC; or
(b) the Board; or
(c) the Chair of the Board; or
(d) a member of the Board; or
(e) the Inter-Governmental Committee; or
(f) the CEO; or
(g) a member of the staff of the ACC; or
(h) an examiner; or
(i) a Judge of the Federal Court; or
(j) a Federal Magistrate;
Commonwealth Minister means the Commonwealth Minister administering the ACC Act;
confer includes to impose;
Federal Magistrate means a Federal Magistrate (including the Chief Federal Magistrate) who holds office under the Federal Magistrates Act 1999 of the Commonwealth;
intelligence operation means the collection, correlation, analysis or dissemination of criminal information and intelligence relating to a relevant criminal activity;
(a) that involves 2 or more offenders and substantial planning and organisation; and
(b) that involves, or is of a kind that ordinarily involves, the use of sophisticated methods and techniques; and
(c) that is committed, or is of a kind that is ordinarily committed, in conjunction with other offences of a like kind; and
(d) that is an offence of a kind prescribed by the regulations or an offence that involves any of the following:
(i) theft;
(ii) fraud;
(iii) tax evasion;
(iv) money laundering;
(v) currency violations;
(vi) illegal drug dealings;
(vii) illegal gambling;
(viii) obtaining financial benefit by vice engaged in by others;
(ix) extortion;
(x) violence;
(xi) bribery or corruption of, or by, an officer of the Commonwealth, an officer of a State or an officer of a Territory;
(xii) perverting the course of justice;
(xiii) bankruptcy and company violations;
(xiv) harbouring of criminals;
(xv) forging of passports;
(xvi) firearms;
(xvii) armament dealings;
(xviii) illegal importation or exportation of fauna into or out of Australia;
(xix) cybercrime;
(xx) matters of the same general nature as one or more of the matters listed above; and
(e) that is punishable by imprisonment for a period of 3 years or more –
but –
(f) does not include an offence committed in the course of a genuine dispute as to matters pertaining to the relations of employees and employers by a party to the dispute, unless the offence is committed in connection with, or as part of, a course of activity involving the commission of a serious and organised crime other than an offence so committed; and
(g) does not include an offence the time for the commencement of a prosecution for which has expired;
special ACC operation/investigation means –
(a) an ACC State intelligence operation that the Board has determined to be a special operation; or
(b) an ACC State investigation that the Board has determined to be a special investigation;
State Minister means the State Minister administering this Act.
(2) If this Act uses a term that is used in the ACC Act, the term has the same meaning in this Act as it has in the ACC Act unless the contrary intention appears in this Act.
(3) If the head of an ACC operation/investigation suspects that an offence (the "incidental offence") that is not a serious and organised crime may be directly or indirectly connected with, or may be a part of, a course of activity involving the commission of a serious and organised crime (whether or not the head has identified the nature of that serious and organised crime), then the incidental offence is, for so long only as the head so suspects, taken, for the purposes of this Act, to be a serious and organised crime.
(4) A reference in this Act, other than in Part 2 , to a function includes a reference to a power or duty.
(5) In this Act a fine expressed as a number of "penalty units" is a fine of the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula:
| A x B |
| where – | |
| "A" | is that number of penalty units; and |
| "B" | is the amount (in dollars) that is for the time being a penalty unit under the Crimes Act 1914 of the Commonwealth. |
(6) A note in the text of this Act does not form part of this Act.
4
Act binds Crown
4 Act binds Crown
This Act binds the Crown in right of Tasmania and, so far as the legislative power of Parliament permits, in all its other capacities.
Part 2
The Australian Crime Commission, the Board and the Inter-Governmental Committee
Part 2 The Australian Crime Commission, the Board and the Inter-Governmental Committee
Division 1
The Australian Crime Commission
Division 1 The Australian Crime Commission
5
Functions of ACC
5 Functions of ACC
The ACC has the following functions:
(a) to investigate a matter relating to a relevant criminal activity, in so far as the serious and organised crime is, or the serious and organised crimes are or include, an offence or offences against a law of the State (irrespective of whether that offence or those offences have a federal aspect);
(b) to undertake an intelligence operation in so far as the serious and organised crime is, or the serious and organised crimes are or include, an offence or offences against a law of the State (irrespective of whether that offence or those offences have a federal aspect);
(c) to provide a report to the Board on the outcome of such an investigation or operation;
(d) such other functions as are conferred on the ACC by other provisions of this Act or any other Act.
6
CEO to manage ACC operations/investigations
6 CEO to manage ACC operations/investigations
(1) The CEO is to manage, coordinate and control ACC operations/investigations.
(2) As soon as practicable after the Board consents under section 55A(3) of the ACC Act to the ACC undertaking an intelligence operation under section 5(b) or conducting an investigation under section 5(a) , the CEO must determine, in writing, the head of the operation or investigation.
(3) Before the CEO determines the head of the operation or investigation, the CEO must consult the Chair of the Board, and such other members of the Board as the CEO thinks appropriate, in relation to the determination.
(4) Subject to such consultation with the examiners as is appropriate and practicable, the CEO may make arrangements as to the examiner who is to be able to exercise his or her powers under this Act in relation to a special ACC operation/investigation.
7
Counsel assisting ACC
7 Counsel assisting ACC
The CEO may appoint a legal practitioner to assist the ACC as counsel in relation to ACC operations/investigations generally or in relation to a particular matter or matters.
Division 2
The Board of the ACC
Division 2 The Board of the ACC
8
Functions of Board
8 Functions of Board
(1) The Board has the following functions:
(a) to determine, in writing, whether an ACC State intelligence operation is a special operation or whether an ACC State investigation is a special investigation;
(b) to determine, in writing, the class or classes of persons to participate in an ACC State intelligence operation or ACC State investigation;
(c) to establish task forces;
(d) such other functions as are conferred on the Board by other provisions of this Act.
(2) The Board may determine, in writing, that an ACC State intelligence operation is a special operation but, before doing so, it must consider whether methods of collecting the criminal information and intelligence that do not involve the use of powers in this Act have been effective.
(3) The Board may determine, in writing, that an ACC State investigation is a special investigation but, before doing so, it must consider whether ordinary police methods of investigation into the matters are likely to be effective.
(a) describe the general nature of the circumstances or allegations constituting the relevant criminal activity to which the operation or investigation relates; and
(b) state that the serious and organised crime is, or the serious and organised crimes are or include, an offence or offences against a law of the State but need not specify the particular offence or offences; and
(c) set out the purpose of the operation or investigation.
(5) The Chair of the Board must, within the period of 3 days beginning on the day a determination under subsection (2) or (3) is made, give a copy of the determination to the Inter-Governmental Committee.
(6) A determination under subsection (2) or (3) has effect immediately after it is made.
(7) Sections 9 to 15 have effect in relation to the Board's functions under this Act.
9
Board meetings
9 Board meetings
(1) The Chair of the Board may convene meetings of the Board.
(2) The Chair, in exercising his or her power to convene meetings, must ensure that meetings of the Board are scheduled to meet the requirements set out in section 7D of the ACC Act.
10
Presiding at Board meetings
10 Presiding at Board meetings
A meeting of the Board must be presided over by –
(a) if the Chair of the Board is present, the Chair; or
(b) otherwise, another eligible Commonwealth Board member who is present and who is nominated, in writing, by the Chair to preside.
11
Quorum at Board meetings
11 Quorum at Board meetings
At a meeting of the Board a quorum is constituted by 7 Board members (not including the CEO).
12
Voting at Board meetings
12 Voting at Board meetings
(1) Subject to this section, a question arising at a meeting of the Board is to be determined by a majority of the votes of Board members present.
(2) The person presiding at a meeting has –
(a) a deliberative vote; and
(b) if necessary, also a casting vote.
(3) The CEO is not entitled to vote on any question arising at a meeting of the Board.
(4) The Board cannot determine that an ACC State intelligence operation is a special operation, or that an ACC State investigation is a special investigation, unless at least 9 Board members (including at least 2 eligible Commonwealth Board members) vote in favour of making the determination.
13
Conduct of Board meetings
13 Conduct of Board meetings
(1) The Board may regulate proceedings at its meetings as it considers appropriate.
(2) The Board must ensure that minutes of its meetings are kept.
14
Resolutions outside of Board meetings
14 Resolutions outside of Board meetings
(1) This section applies to a resolution –
(a) which, without being considered at a meeting of the Board, is referred to all members of the Board; and
(b) of which –
(i) if subparagraph (ii) does not apply, a majority of those members (not including the CEO); or
(ii) if the resolution is that the Board determine that an ACC State intelligence operation is a special operation, or that an ACC State investigation is a special investigation, at least 9 Board members (not including the CEO but including at least 2 eligible Commonwealth Board members) –
indicate by telephone or other mode of communication to the Chair of the Board that they are in favour.
(2) The resolution is as valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a meeting of the Board duly convened and held.
15
Board committees
15 Board committees
(1) The Board may, with the unanimous agreement of all the members of the Board (not including the CEO), establish a committee or committees to assist in carrying out the functions of the Board.
(2) The Board may dissolve a committee at any time.
(3) The functions of a committee are as determined by the unanimous agreement of all the members of the Board (not including the CEO).
(4) However, the Board cannot determine that a committee has the function of determining whether an ACC State intelligence operation is a special operation or whether an ACC State investigation is a special investigation.
(5) In performing its functions, a committee must comply with any directions given to the committee by the Board.
(6) A question arising at a meeting of a committee is to be determined by a majority of the votes of committee members present.
(7) However, the CEO is not entitled to vote on any question arising at a meeting of a committee of which he or she is a member.
(8) A committee must inform the other members of the Board of its decisions.
(9) A committee may regulate proceedings at its meetings as it considers appropriate.
(10) A committee must ensure that minutes of its meetings are kept.
Division 3
The Inter-Governmental Committee
Division 3 The Inter-Governmental Committee
16
Functions of Committee
16 Functions of Committee
(1) Within the period of 30 days beginning on the day the Committee is given a copy of a determination (a "special determination") under section 8(2) or (3) , the Committee may by resolution, with the agreement of the member of the Committee representing the Commonwealth and at least 5 other members of the Committee, request the Chair of the Board to give further information to the Committee in relation to the determination.
(2) Subject to subsection (3) , the Chair of the Board must comply with the request.
(3) If the Chair of the Board considers that disclosure of information to the public could prejudice the safety or reputation of persons or the operations of law enforcement agencies, the Chair must not give the Committee the information.
(4) If the Chair of the Board does not give the Committee information on the ground that the Chair considers that disclosure of the information to the public could prejudice the safety or reputation of persons or the operations of law enforcement agencies, the Committee may refer the request to the State Minister.
(5) If the Committee refers the request to the State Minister, he or she –
(a) must determine in writing whether disclosure of the information could prejudice the safety or reputation of persons or the operations of law enforcement agencies; and
(b) must provide copies of that determination to the Chair of the Board and the Committee; and
(c) must not disclose his or her reasons for determining the question of whether the information could prejudice the safety or reputation of persons or the operations of law enforcement agencies in the way stated in the determination.
(6) Within the period of 30 days beginning on the day the Committee makes a request under subsection (1) in relation to a special determination, the Committee may by resolution, with the agreement of the member of the Committee representing the Commonwealth and at least 5 other members of the Committee, revoke the determination.
(7) The Committee must notify the Chair of the Board and the CEO of the revocation and the revocation takes effect when the CEO is so notified.
(8) To avoid doubt, the revoking of the determination does not affect the validity of any act done in connection with the ACC operation/investigation concerned before the CEO is so notified.
(9) The Committee does not have a duty to consider whether to exercise the power under subsection (1) or (6) in respect of any special determination, whether the Committee is requested to do so by any person, or in any other circumstances.
Part 3
Examinations
Part 3 Examinations
17
Examinations
17 Examinations
An examiner may conduct an examination for the purposes of a special ACC operation/investigation.
18
Conduct of examination
18 Conduct of examination
(1) An examiner may regulate the conduct of proceedings at an examination as the examiner thinks fit.
(2) At an examination before an examiner –
(a) a person giving evidence may be represented by a legal practitioner; and
(b) if, by reason of the existence of special circumstances, the examiner consents to a person who is not giving evidence being represented by a legal practitioner, the person may be so represented.
(3) An examination before an examiner must be held in private and the examiner may give directions as to the persons who may be present during the examination or a part of the examination.
(4) Nothing in a direction given by the examiner under subsection (3) prevents the presence, when evidence is being taken at an examination before the examiner, of –
(a) a person representing the person giving evidence; or
(b) a person representing, in accordance with subsection (2) , a person who, by reason of a direction given by the examiner under subsection (3) , is entitled to be present.
(5) If an examination before an examiner is being held, a person (other than a member of the staff of the ACC approved by the examiner) must not be present at the examination unless the person is entitled to be present by reason of a direction given by the examiner under subsection (3) or by reason of subsection (4) .
(6) At an examination before an examiner –
(a) counsel assisting the examiner generally or in relation to the matter to which the ACC operation/investigation relates; or
(b) any person authorised by the examiner to appear before the examiner at the examination; or
(c) any legal practitioner representing a person at the examination in accordance with subsection (2) –
may, so far as the examiner thinks appropriate, examine or cross-examine any witness on any matter that the examiner considers relevant to the ACC operation/investigation.
(7) If a person (other than a member of the staff of the ACC) is present at an examination before an examiner while another person (the "witness") is giving evidence at the examination, the examiner must –
(a) inform the witness that the person is present; and
(b) give the witness an opportunity to comment on the presence of the person.
(8) To avoid doubt, a person does not cease to be entitled to be present at an examination before an examiner or part of such an examination if –
(a) the examiner fails to comply with subsection (7) ; or
(b) a witness comments adversely on the presence of the person under subsection (7)(b) .
(9) An examiner may direct that –
(a) any evidence given before the examiner; or
(b) the contents of any document, or a description of any thing, produced to the examiner; or
(c) any information that might enable a person who has given evidence before the examiner to be identified; or
(d) the fact that any person has given or may be about to give evidence at an examination –
must not be published, or must not be published except in such manner, and to such persons, as the examiner specifies.
(9A) The examiner must give a direction referred to in subsection (9) if the failure to do so might prejudice the safety or reputation of a person or prejudice the fair trial of a person who has been, or may be, charged with an offence.
(11) The CEO must not vary or revoke a direction if to do so might prejudice the safety or reputation of a person or prejudice the fair trial of a person who has been or may be charged with an offence.
(12) If –
(a) a person has been charged with an offence before a federal court or before a court of the State; and
(b) the court considers that it may be desirable in the interests of justice that particular evidence given before an examiner, being evidence in relation to which the examiner has given a direction under subsection (9) , be made available to the person or to a legal practitioner representing the person –
the court may give to the examiner or to the CEO a certificate to that effect and, if the court does so, the examiner or the CEO, as the case may be, must make the evidence available to the court.
(13) If –
(a) the examiner or the CEO makes evidence available to a court in accordance with subsection (12) ; and
(b) the court, after examining the evidence, is satisfied that the interests of justice so require –
the court may make the evidence available to the person charged with the offence concerned or to a legal practitioner representing the person.
(14) A person who –
(a) is present at an examination in contravention of subsection (5) ; or
(b) makes a publication in contravention of a direction given under subsection (9) –
is guilty of an offence punishable, upon summary conviction, by a fine not exceeding 20 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.
(15) At the conclusion of an examination held by an examiner, the examiner must give the head of the special ACC operation/investigation –
(a) a record of the proceedings of the examination; and
(b) any documents or other things given to the examiner at, or in connection with, the examination.
19
Power to summon witness and take evidence
19 Power to summon witness and take evidence
(1) An examiner may summon a person to appear before the examiner at an examination to give evidence and to produce such documents or other things (if any) as are referred to in the summons.
(2) Before issuing a summons under subsection (1) , the examiner must be satisfied that it is reasonable in all the circumstances to do so.
(2A) The examiner must also record in writing the reasons for the issue of the summons.
(3) A summons under subsection (1) requiring a person to appear before an examiner at an examination must be accompanied by a copy of the determination of the Board that the State ACC intelligence operation is a special operation or that the State ACC investigation is a special investigation.
(4) A summons under subsection (1) requiring a person to appear before an examiner at an examination must, unless the examiner issuing the summons is satisfied that, in the particular circumstances of the special ACC operation/investigation to which the examination relates, it would prejudice the effectiveness of the special ACC operation/investigation for the summons to do so, set out, so far as is reasonably practicable, the general nature of the matters in relation to which the examiner intends to question the person, but nothing in this subsection prevents the examiner from questioning the person in relation to any matter that relates to a special ACC operation/investigation.
(5) The examiner who is holding an examination may require a person appearing at the examination to produce a document or other thing.
(6) An examiner may, at an examination, take evidence on oath or affirmation and for that purpose –
(a) the examiner may require a person appearing at the examination to give evidence either to take an oath or to make an affirmation in a form approved by the examiner; and
(b) the examiner, or a person who is an authorised person in relation to the ACC, may administer an oath or affirmation to a person so appearing at the examination.
(7) In this section, a reference to a person who is an authorised person in relation to the ACC is a reference to a person authorised in writing, or a person included in a class of persons authorised in writing, for the purposes of this section by the CEO.
(8) The powers conferred by this section are not exercisable except for the purposes of a special ACC operation/investigation.
20
Power to obtain documents
20 Power to obtain documents
(1) An examiner may, by notice in writing served on a person, require the person –
(a) to attend, at a time and place specified in the notice, before a person specified in the notice, being the examiner or a member of the staff of the ACC; and
(b) to produce at that time and place to the person so specified a document or thing specified in the notice, being a document or thing that is relevant to a special ACC operation/investigation.
(2) Before issuing a notice under subsection (1) , the examiner must be satisfied that it is reasonable in all the circumstances to do so.
(2A) The examiner must also record in writing the reasons for the issue of the notice.
(3) A notice may be issued under this section in relation to a special ACC operation/investigation, whether or not an examination before an examiner is being held for the purposes of the operation or investigation.
(4) A person must not refuse or fail to comply with a notice served on the person under this section.
(5) A person who contravenes subsection (4) is guilty of an indictable offence that, subject to this section, is punishable, upon conviction, by a fine not exceeding 200 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years.
(6) Despite an offence against subsection (4) being an indictable offence, a court of summary jurisdiction may hear and determine proceedings in respect of the offence if the court is satisfied that it is proper to do so and the defendant and the prosecutor consent.
(7) Where, in accordance with subsection (6) , a court of summary jurisdiction convicts a person of an offence against subsection (4) , the penalty that the court may impose is a fine not exceeding 20 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.
(8) The provisions of section 23(3) , (4) , (4A) , (5) and (9) apply in relation to a person who is required to produce a document or thing by a notice served on him or her under this section in the same manner as they apply in relation to a person who is required to produce a document or thing at an examination before an examiner.
21 Disclosure of summons or notice may be prohibited
(1) The examiner issuing a summons under section 19 or a notice under section 20 must, or may, as provided in subsection (2) , include in it a notation to the effect that disclosure of information about the summons or notice, or any official matter connected with it, is prohibited except in the circumstances, if any, specified in the notation.
(2) A notation must not be included in the summons or notice except as follows:
(a) the examiner must include the notation if satisfied that failure to do so would reasonably be expected to prejudice –
(i) the safety or reputation of a person; or
(ii) the fair trial of a person who has been or may be charged with an offence; or
(iii) the effectiveness of an operation or investigation;
(b) the examiner may include the notation if satisfied that failure to do so might prejudice –
(i) the safety or reputation of a person; or
(ii) the fair trial of a person who has been or may be charged with an offence; or
(iii) the effectiveness of an operation or investigation;
(c) the examiner may include the notation if satisfied that failure to do so might otherwise be contrary to the public interest.
(3) If a notation is included in the summons or notice, it must be accompanied by a written statement setting out the rights and obligations conferred or imposed by section 22 on the person who was served with, or otherwise given, the summons or notice.
(4) If, after the ACC has concluded the operation or investigation concerned –
(a) no evidence of an offence has been obtained as described in section 34(1) ; or
(b) evidence of an offence or offences has been assembled and given as required by section 34(1) and the CEO has been advised that no person will be prosecuted; or
(c) evidence of an offence or offences committed by only one person has been assembled and given as required by section 34(1) and criminal proceedings have begun against that person; or
(d) evidence of an offence or offences committed by 2 or more persons has been assembled and given as required by section 34(1) and –
(i) criminal proceedings have begun against all those persons; or
(ii) criminal proceedings have begun against one or more of those persons and the CEO has been advised that no other of those persons will be prosecuted –
all the notations that were included under this section in any summonses or notices relating to the operation or investigation are cancelled by this subsection.
(5) If a notation is cancelled by subsection (4) , the CEO must serve a written notice of that fact on each person who was served with, or otherwise given, the summons or notice containing the notation.
(6) In this section –
official matter has the same meaning as in section 22 .
22
Offences of disclosure
22 Offences of disclosure
(1) A person who is served with, or otherwise given, a summons or notice containing a notation made under section 21 must not disclose –
(a) the existence of the summons or notice or any information about it; or
(b) the existence of, or any information about, any official matter connected with the summons or notice.
Penalty: Fine not exceeding 20 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.
(2) Subsection (1) does not prevent the person from making a disclosure –
(a) in accordance with the circumstances, if any, specified in the notation; or
(b) to a legal practitioner for the purpose of obtaining legal advice or representation relating to the summons, notice or matter; or
(c) if the person is a body corporate, to an officer or agent of the body corporate for the purpose of ensuring compliance with the summons or notice; or
(d) if the person is a legal practitioner, for the purpose of obtaining the agreement of another person under section 23(3) to the legal practitioner answering a question or producing a document at an examination before an examiner.
(3) If a disclosure is made to a person as permitted by subsection (2) or (4) , the following provisions apply:
(a) while he or she is a person of a kind to whom a disclosure is so permitted to be made, he or she must not disclose the existence of, or any information about, the summons or notice, or any official matter connected with it, except as permitted by subsection (4) ;
(b) while he or she is no longer such a person, he or she must not, in any circumstances, make a record of, or disclose the existence of, the summons, notice or matter, or disclose any information about any of them.
Penalty: Fine not exceeding 20 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.
(4) A person to whom information has been disclosed, as permitted by subsection (2) or this subsection, may disclose that information –
(a) if the person is an officer or agent of a body corporate referred to in subsection (2)(c) –
(i) to another officer or agent of the body corporate for the purpose of ensuring compliance with the summons or notice; or
(ii) to a legal practitioner for the purpose of obtaining legal advice or representation relating to the summons, notice or matter; or
(b) if the person is a legal practitioner, for the purpose of giving legal advice, or making representations, relating to the summons, notice or matter.
(5) This section ceases to apply to a summons or notice after –
(a) the notation contained in the summons or notice is cancelled by section 21(4) ; or
(b) 5 years elapse after the issue of the summons or notice –
whichever is sooner.
(6) A reference in this section to disclosing something's existence includes disclosing information from which a person could reasonably be expected to infer its existence.
(7) In this section –
official matter means any of the following (whether past, present or contingent):
(a) the determination referred to in section 19(3) ;
(b) an ACC operation/investigation;
(c) an examination held by an examiner;
(d) court proceedings.
23
Failure of witnesses to attend and answer questions
23 Failure of witnesses to attend and answer questions
(1) A person served, as prescribed, with a summons to appear as a witness at an examination before an examiner must not –
(a) fail to attend as required by the summons; or
(b) fail to attend from day to day unless excused, or released from further attendance, by the examiner.
(2) A person appearing as a witness at an examination before an examiner must not –
(a) when required pursuant to section 19 either to take an oath or make an affirmation, refuse or fail to comply with the requirement; or
(b) refuse or fail to answer a question that he or she is required to answer by the examiner; or
(c) refuse or fail to produce a document or thing that he or she was required to produce by a summons under this Act served on him or her as prescribed.
(3) Where –
(a) a legal practitioner is required to answer a question or produce a document at an examination before an examiner; and
(b) the answer to the question would disclose, or the document contains, a privileged communication made by or to the legal practitioner in his or her capacity as a legal practitioner –
the legal practitioner is entitled to refuse to comply with the requirement unless the person to whom or by whom the communication was made agrees to the legal practitioner complying with the requirement but, where the legal practitioner refuses to comply with the requirement, he or she must, if so required by the examiner, give the examiner the name and address of the person to whom or by whom the communication was made.
(4) Subsection (5) limits the use that can be made of any answers given at an examination before an examiner, or documents or things produced at an examination before an examiner.
(a) a person appearing as a witness at an examination before an examiner –
(i) answers a question that he or she is required to answer by the examiner; or
(ii) produces a document or thing that he or she was required to produce by a summons under this Act served on him or her as prescribed; and
(b) in the case of the production of a document that is, or forms part of, a record of an existing or past business, the document sets out details of earnings received by the person in respect of his or her employment and does not set out any other information; and
(c) before answering the question or producing the document or thing, the person claims that the answer, or the production of the document or thing, might tend to incriminate the person or make the person liable to a penalty.
(5) The answer, or the document or thing, is not admissible in evidence against the person in –
(a) a criminal proceeding; or
(b) a proceeding for the imposition of a penalty –
other than –
(c) confiscation proceedings; or
(d) a proceeding in respect of –
(i) in the case of an answer, the falsity of the answer; or
(ii) in the case of the production of a document, the falsity of any statement contained in the document.
(6) A person who contravenes subsection (1) , (2) or (3) is guilty of an indictable offence that, subject to this section, is punishable, upon conviction, by a fine not exceeding 200 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years.
(7) Despite an offence against subsection (1) , (2) or (3) being an indictable offence, a court of summary jurisdiction may hear and determine proceedings in respect of the offence if the court is satisfied that it is proper to do so and the defendant and the prosecutor consent.
(8) Where, in accordance with subsection (7) , a court of summary jurisdiction convicts a person of an offence against subsection (1) , (2) or (3) , the penalty that the court may impose is a fine not exceeding 20 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.
(9) Subsection (3) does not affect the law relating to legal professional privilege.
24
Warrant for arrest of witness
24 Warrant for arrest of witness
(1) Where, upon application by an examiner, a Judge of the Federal Court sitting in chambers or a Judge of the Supreme Court sitting in chambers is satisfied by evidence on oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe –
(a) that a person who has been ordered, under section 28 , to deliver his or her passport to the examiner, whether or not the person has complied with the order, is nevertheless likely to leave Australia for the purpose of avoiding giving evidence before the examiner; or
(b) that a person in relation to whom a summons has been issued under section 19(1) –
(i) has absconded or is likely to abscond; or
(ii) is otherwise attempting, or is otherwise likely to attempt, to evade service of the summons; or
(c) that a person has committed an offence under section 23(1) or is likely to do so –
the Judge may issue a warrant for the apprehension of the person.
(2) The warrant may be executed by any person to whom it is addressed and the person executing it has power to break into and enter any premises, vessel, aircraft or vehicle for the purpose of executing it.
(3) A member of the Australian Federal Police cannot execute the warrant unless he or she is also a member of the staff of the ACC.
(4) The warrant may be executed even if the warrant is not at the time in the possession of the person executing it.
(5) A person executing the warrant may only use such reasonable force as is necessary for the execution.
(6) Where a person is apprehended under the warrant, he or she must be brought, as soon as practicable, before a Judge of the Federal Court or a Judge of the Supreme Court and the Judge may –
(a) admit the person to bail, with such security as the Judge thinks fit, on such conditions as the Judge thinks necessary to ensure the appearance of the person as a witness before the examiner; or
(b) order the continued detention of the person for the purposes of ensuring his or her appearance as such a witness; or
(c) order the release of the person.
(7) Where a person is under detention under this section, he or she must, within 14 days after he or she was brought, or last brought, before a Judge of the Federal Court or a Judge of the Supreme Court in accordance with this section, or within such shorter or longer time as a Judge has fixed upon the last previous appearance of the person before a Judge under this section, be again brought before a Judge and the Judge may then exercise any of the powers of a Judge under subsection (6) .
(8) In this section –
Australia includes the external Territories.
25
False or misleading evidence
25 False or misleading evidence
(1) A person must not, at an examination before an examiner, give evidence that the person knows is false or misleading in a material particular.
(2) A contravention of subsection (1) is an indictable offence and, subject to this section, is punishable, upon conviction, by a fine not exceeding 200 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years.
(3) Despite an offence against subsection (1) being an indictable offence, a court of summary jurisdiction may hear and determine proceedings in respect of the offence if the court is satisfied that it is proper to do so and the defendant and the prosecutor consent.
(4) Where, in accordance with subsection (3) , a court of summary jurisdiction convicts a person of an offence against subsection (1) , the penalty that the court may impose is a fine not exceeding 20 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.
26
Protection of witness from harm or intimidation
26 Protection of witness from harm or intimidation
Where it appears to an examiner that, by reason of the fact that a person –
(a) is to appear, is appearing or has appeared at an examination before the examiner to give evidence or to produce a document or thing; or
(b) proposes to furnish or has furnished information, or proposes to produce or has produced a document or thing, to the ACC otherwise than at an examination before the examiner –
the safety of the person may be prejudiced or the person may be subjected to intimidation or harassment, the examiner may make such arrangements (including arrangements with the State Minister or with members of the Australian Federal Police or the Police Service) as are necessary to avoid prejudice to the safety of the person, or to protect the person from intimidation or harassment.
27
Legal protection of examiners, counsel and witnesses
27 Legal protection of examiners, counsel and witnesses
(1) An examiner has, in the performance of his or her functions or the exercise of his or her powers as an examiner in relation to an examination before the examiner, the same protection and immunity as a Justice of the High Court.
(2) A legal practitioner assisting the ACC or an examiner or representing a person at an examination before an examiner has the same protection and immunity as a barrister has in appearing for a party in proceedings in the High Court.
(3) Subject to this Act, a person summoned to attend or appearing before an examiner as a witness has the same protection as a witness in proceedings in the High Court.
28
Order for delivery to examiner of passport of witness
28 Order for delivery to examiner of passport of witness
(1) Where, upon application by an examiner, a Judge of the Federal Court sitting in chambers is satisfied by evidence on oath that –
(a) in connection with a special ACC operation/investigation, a summons has been issued under this Act requiring a person to appear before an examiner at an examination (whether or not the summons has been served), or a person has appeared before an examiner at an examination, to give evidence or to produce documents or other things; and
(b) there are reasonable grounds for believing that the person may be able to give to the examiner evidence or further evidence that is, or to produce to the examiner documents or other things or further documents or other things that are, relevant to the special ACC operation/investigation and could be of particular significance to the special ACC operation/investigation; and
(c) there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the person intends to leave Australia and has in his or her possession, custody or control a passport issued to him or her –
the Judge may make an order requiring the person to appear before a Judge of the Federal Court on a date, and at a time and place, specified in the order to show cause why he or she should not be ordered to deliver the passport to the examiner.
(2) Where a person appears before a Judge of the Federal Court under an order made under subsection (1) , the Judge may, if he or she thinks fit, make an order –
(a) requiring the person to deliver to the examiner any passport issued to him or her that is in his or her possession, custody or control; and
(b) authorising the examiner to retain the passport until the expiration of such period (not exceeding one month) as is specified in the order.
(3) A Judge of the Federal Court may, upon application by the examiner, extend for a further period (not exceeding one month) or further periods (not exceeding one month in each case) the period for which the examiner is authorised to retain a passport under an order made under subsection (2) , but so that the total period for which the examiner is authorised to retain the passport does not exceed 3 months.
(4) A Judge of the Federal Court may, at any time while the examiner is authorised under an order made under this section to retain a passport issued to a person, upon application made by the person, revoke the order and, if the order is revoked, the examiner must forthwith return the passport to the person.
(5) In this section –
Australia includes the external Territories.
Part 4
Search warrants
Part 4 Search warrants
29
Search warrants
29 Search warrants
(1) An eligible person may apply to an issuing officer for the issue of a warrant under subsection (2) if –
(a) the eligible person has reasonable grounds for suspecting that, on a particular day (the "relevant day"), being the day on which, or a particular day within one month after the day on which, the application is made, there may be, upon any land or upon or in any premises, vessel, aircraft or vehicle, a thing or things of a particular kind connected with a special ACC operation/investigation ("things of the relevant kind"); and
(b) the eligible person believes on reasonable grounds that, if a summons were issued for the production of the thing or things, the thing or things might be concealed, lost, mutilated or destroyed.
(2) Where an application under subsection (1) is made to an issuing officer, the issuing officer may issue a warrant authorising a person named in the warrant (the "authorised person"), with such assistance as the authorised person thinks necessary and if necessary by force –
(a) to enter upon the land or upon or into the premises, vessel, aircraft or vehicle; and
(b) to search the land, premises, vessel, aircraft or vehicle for things of the relevant kind; and
(c) to seize any things of the relevant kind found upon the land or upon or in the premises, vessel, aircraft or vehicle and deliver things so seized to any person participating in the special ACC operation/investigation.
(3) A member of the Australian Federal Police cannot be an authorised person unless he or she is also a member of the staff of the ACC.
(4) An issuing officer must not issue a warrant under subsection (2) unless –
(a) an affidavit has been furnished to him or her setting out the grounds on which the issue of the warrant is being sought; and
(b) the applicant (or some other person) has given to the issuing officer, either orally or by affidavit, such further information (if any) as the issuing officer requires concerning the grounds on which the issue of the warrant is being sought; and
(c) the issuing officer is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for issuing the warrant.
(5) Where an issuing officer issues a warrant under subsection (2) , he or she must state on the affidavit furnished to him or her as mentioned in subsection (4)(a) which of the grounds specified in that affidavit he or she has relied on to justify the issue of the warrant and particulars of any other grounds relied on by him or her to justify the issue of the warrant.
(6) A warrant issued under this section must –
(a) include a statement of the purpose for which the warrant is issued, which must include a reference to the special ACC operation/investigation with which the things of the relevant kind are connected; and
(b) state whether entry is authorised to be made at any time of the day or night or during specified hours of the day or night; and
(c) include a description of the kind of things authorised to be seized; and
(d) specify a date, not being later than one month after the date of issue of the warrant, upon which the warrant ceases to have effect.
(7) A warrant issued under this section may be executed, in accordance with its terms, at any time during the period commencing on the relevant day and ending on the date specified in the warrant as the date upon which the warrant ceases to have effect.
(8) A person executing a warrant issued under this section may only use such reasonable force as is necessary for the execution.
(9) Where, in the course of searching, in accordance with the terms of a warrant issued under this section, for things of the relevant kind, the person executing the warrant finds a thing that he or she believes on reasonable grounds to be evidence that would be admissible in the prosecution of a person for an offence against a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory and he or she believes on reasonable grounds that it is necessary to seize the thing in order to prevent its concealment, loss, mutilation or destruction, or its use in committing such an offence, the person may seize the thing and, if he or she does so, the thing is to be taken, for the purpose of this Act, to have been seized pursuant to the warrant.
(10) Where a thing is seized pursuant to a warrant issued under this section –
(a) the head of the special ACC operation/investigation may retain the thing if, and for so long as, retention of the thing by the head of the special ACC operation/investigation is reasonably necessary for the purposes of the special ACC operation/investigation to which the thing is relevant; and
(b) if the retention of the thing by the head of the special ACC operation/investigation is not, or ceases to be, reasonably necessary for such purposes, a person participating in the special ACC operation/investigation must cause the thing to be delivered to –
(i) if the thing may be used in evidence in proceedings of a kind referred to in subsection (13) , the authority or person responsible for taking the proceedings; or
(ii) if subparagraph (i) does not apply, the person who appears to the person participating in the special ACC operation/investigation to be entitled to the possession of the thing –
unless the CEO has furnished the thing to the Attorney-General of the Commonwealth or of a State, or to a law enforcement agency, or to another person or authority, in accordance with section 34(1)(a) , (b) or (c) .
(11) A person participating in the special ACC operation/investigation may, instead of delivering a thing in accordance with subsection (10)(b)(ii) , deliver the thing to the Attorney-General of the Commonwealth or of a State, or to a law enforcement agency, for the purpose of assisting in the investigation of criminal offences, where the person participating in the special ACC operation/investigation is satisfied that the thing is likely to be useful for that purpose.
(12) Nothing in this section affects a right of a person to apply for, or the power of a person to issue, a warrant, being a right or power existing otherwise than by virtue of this section.
(13) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1)(a) , a reference in this section to a thing connected with a special ACC operation/investigation includes a reference to a thing that may be used in evidence in proceedings for the taking, by or on behalf of the Crown in right of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory, of civil remedies in respect of a matter connected with, or arising out of, an offence to which the special ACC operation/investigation relates.
(14) In this section –
thing includes a document.
30
Application by telephone for search warrants
30 Application by telephone for search warrants
(1) Where, by reason of circumstances of urgency, an eligible person considers it necessary to do so, the eligible person may make application by telephone for a warrant under section 29 .
(2) Before so making application, the eligible person must prepare an affidavit that sets out the grounds on which the issue of the warrant is being sought, but may, if it is necessary to do so, make the application before the affidavit has been sworn.
(3) Where an issuing officer issues a warrant under section 29 upon an application made by telephone, he or she must –
(a) complete and sign the warrant; and
(b) inform the eligible person who made the application of the terms of the warrant and the date on which and the time at which it was signed; and
(c) record on the warrant his or her reasons for issuing the warrant; and
(d) send a copy of the warrant to the CEO.
(4) Where a warrant is issued under section 29 upon an application made by telephone, a member of the staff of the ACC or a member of the Police Service may complete a form of warrant in the terms indicated by the issuing officer under subsection (3) and, where a form of warrant is so completed, he or she must write on it the name of the issuing officer who issued the warrant and the date on which and the time at which it was signed.
(5) Where a person completes a form of warrant in accordance with subsection (4) , the person must, not later than the day next following the date of expiry of the warrant, send to the issuing officer who signed the warrant the form of warrant completed by him or her and the affidavit duly sworn in connection with the warrant.
(6) Upon receipt of the documents referred to in subsection (5) , the issuing officer must attach them to the warrant signed by him or her and deal with the documents in the manner in which he or she would have dealt with the affidavit if the application for the warrant had been made to him or her in accordance with section 29 .
(7) A form of warrant duly completed in accordance with subsection (4) is to be taken to be a warrant issued under section 29 .
Part 5
Performance of functions and exercise of powers
Part 5 Performance of functions and exercise of powers
31
Consent of Board may be needed before functions can be performed
31 Consent of Board may be needed before functions can be performed
The conferral of a function on a Commonwealth body or person by this Act is subject to any provision of the ACC Act that requires the consent of the Board before the function can be performed.
32
Functions not affected by State laws
32 Functions not affected by State laws
A Commonwealth body or person is not precluded by any law of the State from performing a function conferred by this Act.
33
Extent to which functions are conferred
33 Extent to which functions are conferred
(1) This Act does not purport to impose any duty on a Commonwealth body or person to perform a function if the imposition of the duty would be beyond the legislative power of the Parliament of the State.
(1) Where the ACC, in carrying out an ACC operation/investigation, obtains evidence of an offence against a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory, being evidence that would be admissible in a prosecution for the offence, the CEO must assemble the evidence and give it to –
(a) the Attorney-General of the Commonwealth or the State, as the case requires; or
(b) the relevant law enforcement agency; or
(c) any person or authority (other than a law enforcement agency) who is authorised by or under a law of the Commonwealth or of the State or Territory to prosecute the offence.
(2) Where the ACC, in carrying out an ACC operation/investigation, obtains evidence that would be admissible in confiscation proceedings, the CEO may assemble the evidence and give it to –
(a) the Attorney-General of the Commonwealth or the relevant State, as the case requires; or
(b) a relevant law enforcement agency; or
(c) any person or authority (other than a law enforcement authority) who is authorised to commence the confiscation proceedings.
(3) Where, as a result of the performance of any of the ACC's functions, the Board considers that a recommendation should be made to the Commonwealth Minister or to the appropriate State Minister of a participating State, being a recommendation –
(a) for reform of the law relating to relevant offences, including –
(i) evidence and procedure applicable to the trials of relevant offences; and
(ii) relevant offences in relation to, or involving, corporations; and
(iii) taxation, banking and financial frauds; and
(iv) reception by Australian courts of evidence obtained in foreign countries as to relevant offences; and
(v) maintenance and preservation of taxation, banking and financial records; or
(b) for reform of administrative practices; or
(c) for reform of administration of the courts in relation to trials of relevant offences –
the Board may make the recommendation to the Commonwealth Minister, or to that State Minister, as the case may be.
(4) Where the ACC has obtained particular information or intelligence in the course of performing one or more of its functions, nothing in this Act is to be taken to prevent the ACC from making use of the information or intelligence in the performance of any of its other functions.
35
Functions of federal judicial officers
35 Functions of federal judicial officers
(1) In this section –
federal judicial officer means a Judge of the Federal Court or a Federal Magistrate.
(2) A function conferred on a federal judicial officer by this Act is conferred on the federal judicial officer in a personal capacity and not as a court or a member of a court but the federal judicial officer need not accept the function conferred.
(3) Anything done or made by a federal judicial officer under this Act has effect only by virtue of this Act and is not to be taken by implication to be done or made by a court.
(4) A federal judicial officer performing a function under this Act has the same protection and immunity as if he or she were performing that function as, or as a member of, a court (being the court of which the federal judicial officer is a member).
36
Limitation on challenge to Board determination
36 Limitation on challenge to Board determination
If –
(a) an ACC State intelligence operation is determined by the Board to be a special operation; or
(b) an ACC State investigation is determined by the Board to be a special investigation –
then, except in a proceeding instituted by the Attorney-General of the Commonwealth or of a State, any act or thing done by the ACC because of that determination must not be challenged, reviewed, quashed or called in question in any court of the State on the ground that the determination was not lawfully made.
37
Cooperation with law enforcement agencies and coordination with overseas authorities
37 Cooperation with law enforcement agencies and coordination with overseas authorities
(1) In performing its functions under this Act, the ACC must, so far as is practicable, work in cooperation with law enforcement agencies.
(2) In performing its functions under this Act, the ACC may coordinate its activities with the activities of authorities and persons in other countries performing functions similar to functions of the ACC.
38
Incidental powers of ACC
38 Incidental powers of ACC
The ACC has power to do all things necessary to be done for or in connection with, or reasonably incidental to, the performance of its functions under this Act, and any specific powers conferred on the ACC by this Act are not to be taken to limit by implication the generality of this section.
Part 6
General
Part 6 General
39
Double jeopardy
39 Double jeopardy
If –
(a) an act or omission by a person is an offence under this Act and is also an offence under the ACC Act; and
(b) the person has been punished for the offence under the ACC Act –
the person is not liable to be punished for the offence under this Act.
40
Arrangements for Board to obtain information or intelligence
40 Arrangements for Board to obtain information or intelligence
The State Minister may make an arrangement with the Commonwealth Minister for the Board to be given by the State, or an authority of the State, information or intelligence relating to relevant criminal activities.
41
Administrative arrangements with Commonwealth
41 Administrative arrangements with Commonwealth
The State Minister may make an arrangement with the Commonwealth Minister under which the State will, from time to time as agreed upon under the arrangement, make available a person who is an officer or employee of the State or of an authority of the State or a member of the Police Service, or persons who are such officers, employees or members, to perform services for the ACC.
42
Judges to perform functions under ACC Act
42 Judges to perform functions under ACC Act
A Judge of the Supreme Court may perform functions conferred on the Judge by section 22, 23 or 31 of the ACC Act.
43
Furnishing of reports and information
43 Furnishing of reports and information
(1) The Chair of the Board must keep the Commonwealth Minister informed of the general conduct of the ACC in the performance of the ACC's functions under this Act.
(1A) If the Commonwealth Minister requests the Chair of the Board to provide to him or her information concerning a specific matter relating to the ACC's conduct in the performance of its functions under this Act, the Chair must comply with the request.
(2) Subject to subsection (3) , if a State Minister who is a member of the Inter-Governmental Committee requests the Chair of the Board to provide to him or her information concerning a specific matter relating to the ACC's conduct in the performance of its functions under this Act, the Chair must comply with the request.
(3) If the Chair of the Board considers that disclosure of information to the public could prejudice the safety or reputation of persons or the operations of law enforcement agencies, the Chair must not provide the information under subsection (2) .
(4) Subject to subsection (6) , the Chair of the Board –
(a) must, when requested by the Inter-Governmental Committee to furnish information to the Committee concerning a specific matter relating to an ACC operation/investigation that the ACC has conducted or is conducting, comply with the request; and
(b) must, when requested by the Inter-Governmental Committee to do so, and may at such other times as the Chair of the Board thinks appropriate, inform the Committee concerning the general conduct of the ACC in the performance of the ACC's functions under this Act.
(5) Subject to subsection (6) , the Chair of the Board must furnish to the Inter-Governmental Committee, for transmission to the Governments represented on the Committee, a report of the findings of any special ACC operation/investigation conducted by the ACC.
(6) The Chair of the Board must not furnish to the Inter-Governmental Committee any matter the disclosure of which to members of the public could prejudice the safety or reputation of persons or the operations of law enforcement agencies and, if the findings of the ACC in an investigation include any such matter, the Chair of the Board must prepare a separate report in relation to the matter and furnish that report to the State Minister.
(7) The Chair of the Board may include in a report furnished under subsection (5) a recommendation that the report be laid before each House of the Parliament of the State.
(8) The CEO may give to –
(a) any law enforcement agency; or
(b) any foreign law enforcement agency; or
(c) any other authority of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory prescribed by the regulations –
any information that has come into the ACC's possession under this Act and that is relevant to the activities of that agency or authority if –
(d) it appears to the CEO to be appropriate to do so; and
(e) to do so would not be contrary to a law of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory that would otherwise apply.
(9) The CEO may, whenever it appears to the CEO to be appropriate to do so, furnish to authorities and persons responsible for taking civil remedies by or on behalf of the Crown in right of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory any information that has come into the ACC's possession under this Act and that may be relevant for the purposes of so taking such remedies in respect of matters connected with, or arising out of, offences against the laws of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory, as the case may be.
(10) Where any information relating to the performance of the functions of an authority of the Commonwealth or a State or the Administration of a Territory comes into the ACC's possession under this Act, the CEO may, if he or she considers it desirable to do so –
(a) furnish that information to the authority or Administration; and
(b) make any recommendations to the authority or Administration as to the performance of its functions that the CEO considers appropriate.
(11) A report under this Act that sets out any finding that an offence has been committed, or makes any recommendation for the institution of a prosecution in respect of an offence, must not be made available to the public unless the finding or recommendation is expressed to be based on evidence that would be admissible in the prosecution of a person for that offence.
(12) The CEO may, whenever it appears to the CEO to be appropriate to do so, furnish to the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation any information that has come into the ACC's possession under this Act and that is relevant to security as defined in section 4 of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979 of the Commonwealth.
44
Secrecy
44 Secrecy
(1) This section applies to –
(a) the CEO; and
(b) a member of the Board; and
(c) a member of the staff of the ACC; and
(d) an examiner.
(2) A person to whom this section applies who, either directly or indirectly, except for the purposes of a relevant Act or otherwise in connection with the performance of his or her functions under a relevant Act, and either while he or she is or after he or she ceases to be a person to whom this section applies –
(a) makes a record of any information; or
(b) divulges or communicates to any person any information –
being information acquired by him or her by reason of, or in the course of, the performance of his or her functions under this Act, is guilty of an offence punishable on conviction by a fine not exceeding 50 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or both.
(3) A person to whom this section applies cannot be required to produce in any court any document that has come into his or her custody or control in the course of, or by reason of, the performance of his or her functions under this Act, or to divulge or communicate to a court a matter or thing that has come to his or her notice in the performance of those functions, except where the ACC, or the CEO, the acting CEO, a member of the Board or an examiner in his or her official capacity, is a party to the relevant proceeding or it is necessary to do so –
(a) for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of a relevant Act; or
(b) for the purposes of a prosecution instituted as a result of an operation or investigation carried out by the ACC in the performance of its functions.
(4) In this section –
court includes any tribunal, authority or person having power to require the production of documents or the answering of questions;
member of the staff of the ACC means –
(a) a person referred to in the definition of "member of the staff of the ACC" in section 4(1) of the ACC Act; or
(b) a person who assists, or performs services for or on behalf of, a legal practitioner appointed under section 7 in the performance of the legal practitioner's functions as a counsel to the ACC;
produce includes permit access to, and "production" has a corresponding meaning;
relevant Act means the ACC Act, this Act or any corresponding Act of another State.
45
Delegation
45 Delegation
The CEO may, by writing, delegate to a member of the staff of the ACC who is an SES employee, or an acting SES employee, all or any of the CEO's functions under this Act.
46
Liability for damages
46 Liability for damages
A member of the Board is not liable to an action or other proceeding for damages for or in relation to an act done or omitted in good faith in performance or purported performance of any function conferred or expressed to be conferred by or under this Act.
47
Obstructing, hindering or disrupting ACC or examiner
47 Obstructing, hindering or disrupting ACC or examiner
(1) A person must not –
(a) obstruct or hinder –
(i) the ACC in the performance of its functions; or
(ii) an examiner in the performance of his or her functions as an examiner; or
(b) disrupt an examination before an examiner.
(2) A person who contravenes subsection (1) is guilty of an indictable offence that, subject to this section, is punishable, upon conviction, by a fine not exceeding 200 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years.
(3) Despite an offence against subsection (1) being an indictable offence, a court of summary jurisdiction may hear and determine proceedings in respect of the offence if the court is satisfied that it is proper to do so and the defendant and the prosecutor consent.
(4) Where, in accordance with subsection (3) , a court of summary jurisdiction convicts a person of an offence against subsection (1) , the penalty that the court may impose is a fine not exceeding 20 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.
48
Public meetings and bulletins
48 Public meetings and bulletins
(1) The Board may hold meetings in public for the purpose of informing the public about, or receiving submissions in relation to, the performance of the ACC's functions, including its functions under this Act.
(2) The Board may publish bulletins for the purpose of informing the public about the performance of the ACC's functions, including its functions under this Act.
(3) The Board must not –
(a) divulge in the course of a meeting held under subsection (1) ; or
(b) include in a bulletin published under subsection (2) –
any matter the disclosure of which to members of the public could prejudice the safety or reputation of a person or prejudice the fair trial of a person who has been or may be charged with an offence.
49
Annual report
49 Annual report
(1) In this section –
annual report means a report by the Chair of the Board under section 61 of the ACC Act.
(2) An annual report in relation to a year must include the following:
(a) a description of any ACC State investigation that the ACC conducted during the year and that the Board determined to be a special investigation;
(b) a description, which may include statistics, of any patterns or trends, and the nature and scope, of any criminal activity that have come to the attention of the ACC during that year in the performance of its functions under this Act;
(c) any recommendations for changes in the laws of the Commonwealth, of a participating State or of a Territory, or for administrative action, that, as a result of the performance of the ACC's functions under this Act, the Board considers should be made;
(d) the general nature and the extent of any information furnished by the CEO during that year under this Act to a law enforcement agency;
(e) the extent to which ACC State investigations have resulted in the prosecution in that year of persons for offences;
(f) the extent to which ACC State investigations have resulted in confiscation proceedings;
(g) particulars of the number and results of court proceedings involving the ACC in relation to its functions under this Act, being proceedings that were determined, or otherwise disposed of, during that year.
(3) An annual report must not –
(a) identify persons as being suspected of having committed offences; or
(b) identify persons as having committed offences unless those persons have been convicted of those offences.
(4) In any annual report the Chair of the Board must take reasonable care to ensure that the identity of a person is not revealed if to reveal his or her identity might, having regard to any material appearing in the report, prejudice the safety or reputation of a person or prejudice the fair trial of a person who has been or may be charged with an offence.
(5) The State Minister is to cause a copy of –
(a) each annual report that he or she receives; and
(b) any comments made on the report by the Inter-Governmental Committee, being comments that accompanied the report –
to be laid before each House of the Parliament of the State within 15 sitting-days of that House after he or she receives the report.
50
Things done for multiple purposes
50 Things done for multiple purposes
The validity of anything done for the purposes of this Act is not affected only because it was done also for the purposes of the ACC Act.
51
Regulations
51 Regulations
(1) The Governor may make regulations for the purposes of this Act.
(2) The regulations may be made so as to apply differently according to matters, limitations or restrictions, whether as to time, circumstance or otherwise, specified in the regulations.
(3) The regulations may authorise any matter to be from time to time determined, applied or regulated by a person specified in the regulations.
2. Certain investigation taken to be special investigations
If an ACC State investigation relates to a matter into which an NCA investigation had been commenced but not completed before 1 January 2003, the Board of the ACC is taken to have determined, in writing, that the ACC State investigation is a special investigation.
3. Assembling and giving evidence obtained by the NCA
If –
(a) before 1 January 2003, the National Crime Authority obtained evidence of a kind referred to in subsection (1) of section 6 of the NCA (State Provisions) Act; but
(b) the National Crime Authority had not assembled and given the evidence as mentioned in that subsection before 1 January 2003 –
section 34(1) applies as if that evidence had been obtained by the ACC in carrying out an ACC operation/investigation.
4. Limitation on challenges to validity of references
Section 8 of the NCA (State Provisions) Act continues to apply in relation to a reference made under that Act as if that section had not been repealed by this Act.
5. Arrangements to obtain information or intelligence
An arrangement that was in force under section 11 of the NCA (State Provisions) Act immediately before 1 January 2003 has effect as if it had been made under section 40 .
6. Things seized under search warrants
If a thing seized pursuant to a warrant under section 12 of the NCA (State Provisions) Act is in the ACC's possession, section 29(10) and (11) apply to that thing as if it had been seized pursuant to a warrant under section 29 .
7. Directions as to publication
(1) If a direction was in force under section 16(9) of the NCA (State Provisions) Act immediately before 1 January 2003 –
(2) Section 18(12) and (13) , so far as they relate to the CEO, apply to evidence in relation to which a direction was given under section 16(9) of the NCA (State Provisions) Act as if it were evidence given before an examiner in relation to which the examiner has given a direction under section 18(9) .
8. Disclosure of summons or notice
If a notation made in connection with an NCA investigation was in force under section 18A of the NCA (State Provisions) Act immediately before 1 January 2003 –
(a) the notation has effect; and
(b) section 22 applies to the summons or notice containing the notation; and
(c) if there is an ACC operation/investigation relating to the matter to which the NCA investigation related, section 21(4) and (5) apply as if the notation had been made in connection with the ACC operation/investigation.
9. Witness protection
Arrangements that were in effect under section 24 of the NCA (State Provisions) Act immediately before 1 January 2003 have effect as if they had been made under section 26 .
10. Administrative arrangements in relation to the NCA
An arrangement that was in force under section 28(b) of the NCA (State Provisions) Act immediately before 1 January 2003 has effect as if it had been made under section 41 .
11. Secrecy obligations
(1) In this section –
former official means a person who was, at any time, a person to whom section 31 of the NCA (State Provisions) Act applied.
(2) Section 44(2) and (3) extend to a former official (whether or not he or she is or has been a person to whom section 44 applies) as if –
(a) references in section 44 to this Act or to a corresponding Act of another State included references to the NCA (State Provisions) Act or to a corresponding Act of another State; and
(b) the reference in section 44(3)(b) to an investigation carried out by the ACC included a reference to an investigation carried out by the National Crime Authority before 1 January 2003.
(a) the NCA (State Provisions) Act were still a relevant State Act for the purposes of the validation Act; and
(b) for the purposes of the validation Act, the "commencement time" in relation to the NCA (State Provisions) Act were the time when section 55 commences.
13. Transitional regulations
(1) If there is no sufficient provision in this Schedule for dealing with a transitional matter, regulations may prescribe all matters that are required, necessary or convenient to be prescribed in relation to that matter.
transitional matter includes a savings or application matter.
(3) If regulations made under subclause (1) provide that a state of affairs specified or described in the regulations is to be taken to have existed, or not to have existed, at and from a day that is earlier than the day on which the regulations are published in the Gazette but not earlier than 1 January 2003, the regulations have effect according to their terms.
(4) Regulations that contain a provision referred to in subclause (3) cannot be made more than 12 months after the day on which section 55 commences.
(5) If regulations contain a provision referred to in subclause (3) , the provision does not operate so as to –
(a) affect in a manner prejudicial to any person (other than the State or an authority of the State), the rights of that person existing before the day of publication of those regulations; or
(b) impose liabilities on any person (other than the State or an authority of the State) in respect of anything done or omitted to be done before the day of publication of those regulations.
Sourced from Tasmanian Legislation Online (legislation.tas.gov.au), CC BY 4.0.
Part 1 Preliminary
Part 1 Preliminary
1 Short title
1 Short title
This Act may be cited as the Australian Crime Commission (Tasmania) Act 2004 .
2 Commencement
2 Commencement
The provisions of this Act commence on a day or days to be proclaimed.
3 Interpretation
3 Interpretation
(1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears –
ACC Act means the Australian Crime Commission Act 2002 of the Commonwealth;
| Note: That Act was originally known as the National Crime Authority Act 1984. |
ACC operation/investigation means –
(a) an ACC State intelligence operation; or
(b) an ACC State investigation;
ACC State intelligence operation means an intelligence operation that the ACC is undertaking under section 5(b) ;
ACC State investigation means an investigation that the ACC is conducting under section 5(a) ;
authority includes a department, agency or body;
Commonwealth body or person means –
(a) the ACC; or
(b) the Board; or
(c) the Chair of the Board; or
(d) a member of the Board; or
(e) the Inter-Governmental Committee; or
(f) the CEO; or
(g) a member of the staff of the ACC; or
Provides search-warrant powers tailored to special ACC State operations/investigations, including telephone applications in urgent circumstances (ss29-30). Warrants must link to a special operation/investigation, specify the purpose and items to be seized and have a one-month expiry unless executed earlier (s29(6), (7)).
Confers information-handling and reporting duties on the Chair and CEO (s43) and secrecy obligations on Board members, staff, examiners and the CEO (s44). It specifies when and how the ACC must assemble and provide admissible evidence to prosecutors and law-enforcement agencies (s34).
Limits judicial challenge to Board determinations of special operations/investigations except where initiated by the Commonwealth or a State Attorney-General (s36). It also states that State laws do not preclude Commonwealth bodies from performing functions conferred by the Act (s32).
The Act also contains administrative and transitional machinery. It binds the Crown (s4), permits arrangements to obtain information or second personnel from the State (ss40-41), sets out reporting and publication constraints including annual-report requirements (ss48-49), and carries transitional provisions dealing with the legacy National Crime Authority (Schedule 1) and consequential amendments (Schedules 2 and 3). Commencement is by proclamation (s2).
The statutory design therefore centralises decision authority in the Board and in the ACC CEO and examiner functions, supplies specific coercive tools for evidence-gathering in State matters, and prescribes secrecy, reporting and inter-governmental oversight arrangements. The Act treats a broad category of conduct as "serious and organised crime" by definition (s3(1)), permits the ACC to treat “incidental offences” as serious where suspected to be connected (s3(3)), and contains express limits on judicial review and disclosure that affect oversight and accountability (ss36, 21-22, 44).
Main concepts
The Act rests on several linked legal and institutional concepts. Understanding these is necessary to interpret who has authority, what triggers coercive powers and how evidence flows between the ACC and prosecuting authorities.
Serious and organised crime and relevant criminal activity. The Act defines "serious and organised crime" by criteria including multi-offender conduct, substantial planning, sophistication and an enumerated list of offence types (s3(1) definitions). The list includes theft, fraud, tax evasion, money laundering, cybercrime and matters of the same general nature (s3(1)). The ACC’s functions under the Act are tied to "relevant criminal activity" that constitutes or is related to such crime (s5). The definition is expansive and is subject to further prescription by regulation.
Special ACC operation/investigation. The Board may classify an ACC State intelligence operation or ACC State investigation as "special" (s8(1)(a)). Before doing so the Board must consider whether non-statutory methods would be effective (s8(2)) and must set out the general nature and purpose of the operation or investigation in writing (s8(4)). A special designation is a statutory trigger for the full suite of examination, summons and warrant powers in Parts 3 and 4.
Examiners and examinations. Examiners conduct private examinations for the purposes of special ACC operations/investigations (ss17-18). Examiners can regulate proceedings, exclude persons, permit legal representation in limited circumstances and give directions to prevent publication of evidence or identifying information (s18). They can summon witnesses (s19), issue notices to obtain documents (s20) and administer oaths (s19(6)). Examinations therefore operate as a quasi-inquisitorial evidentiary collection mechanism tied to special operations/investigations.
Coercive process against witnesses, with limited use protections. The Act creates obligations on persons served with summonses or notices to attend and to produce documents and to answer questions, and establishes offences for failure (s23). Legal professional privilege is expressly recognised as a basis for a legal practitioner to refuse to answer a question or produce privileged communications, but the legal practitioner must, if required, provide the name and address of the person to or from whom the communication was made (s23(3)). Answers and produced documents are generally protected from use in subsequent criminal proceedings against the witness, subject to enumerated exceptions (s23(5)), including confiscation proceedings and proceedings as to the falsity of the answer or document (s23(5)(c)-(d)).
Search and seizure for special operations. Search warrants that link to special ACC operations/investigations can be issued on affidavit and are time-limited (s29). They authorise entry, search and seizure of specified things connected to a special ACC operation/investigation, and seizures found in the course of searches can be treated as properly seized (s29(2), (9)-(10)). Telephone applications in urgent circumstances are expressly provided (s30).
Central roles for the CEO and Board. The CEO manages ACC State operations and investigations and chooses the head of each operation or investigation (s6). The Board controls key threshold decisions about designating special operations or investigations, establishes classes of persons who may participate, and can create task forces (s8). Board meetings, quorum, voting thresholds and delegation rules are detailed (ss9-15), with high thresholds for special determinations (s12(4)).
Inter-governmental oversight and information flows. The Inter-Governmental Committee may request further information about a special determination and may revoke a determination, subject to specified procedures and confidentiality limits (s16). The Chair and CEO have reporting and disclosure obligations and powers to furnish information to Commonwealth and State Ministers, law enforcement agencies and foreign authorities, subject to secrecy constraints (s43). The Act also permits State arrangements to supply information and secondees to the ACC (ss40-41).
Secrecy and limits on disclosure and judicial challenge. The Act creates offences for unauthorised disclosure by persons to whom secrecy applies (s44). Publication prohibitions attached to summonses or notices may be imposed (s21) and contravening them attracts penalties (s22). Judicial challenge to a Board determination that an operation is special is limited: acts done because of such a determination cannot be challenged in State courts except where proceedings are started by the Commonwealth or State Attorney-General (s36).
These concepts build a statutory architecture that permits a Commonwealth-created investigative agency to carry out coercive, intelligence-led State investigations under Commonwealth personnel and decision structures while requiring submissions back to States and providing tightly drafted secrecy and privilege rules. The operational effect is to create a mechanism for cross-border, intelligence-focused investigations into types of organised criminality that touch State laws, with specific legal procedures for evidence production, search and seizure, and inter-governmental reporting.
Who it affects
The Act creates rights, duties and liabilities for a range of persons and institutions. Identification of stakeholders clarifies who bears the direct costs, compliance obligations and who decides.
Primary institutional actors
The Australian Crime Commission (ACC). The body to which functions are conferred (s5). The ACC carries out investigations and intelligence operations into serious and organised crime that include offences against Tasmanian law (s5).
The Board of the ACC. Responsible for determining whether State operations or investigations are "special" and for other governance tasks such as establishing task forces and classes of persons to participate (s8). The Chair has duties to notify the Inter-Governmental Committee and Ministers (ss8(5), 43).
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the ACC. Charged with managing, coordinating and controlling ACC operations/investigations and appointing heads of operations or investigations as soon as the Board consents to an operation (s6). The CEO has powers to assemble and give evidence to prosecutors and law-enforcement agencies (s34), to furnish information (s43(8)-(10)) and to vary publication directions under s18 subject to safety/fair-trial limits (s18(10)-(11)).
Examiners. Persons (including Judges or Federal Magistrates by the ACC Act definition, see s3 references) empowered to conduct examinations for special operations/investigations, to summon witnesses and compel documents (Part 3).
State and Commonwealth actors
State Minister. The Minister administering this Act in Tasmania can make arrangements to provide information and secondees to the Board and ACC (ss40-41). The State Minister also has functions in relation to referrals by the Inter-Governmental Committee where the Chair refuses to disclose requested information (s16(4)-(5)).
Commonwealth Minister and Commonwealth bodies. The ACC Act and Commonwealth counterparts are referenced; the Commonwealth Minister receives reports from the Chair (s43(1)-(1A)) and federal judicial officers perform certain functions in personal capacity under the Act (s35).
Individuals and private entities
Persons summoned to attend an examination or served with notices to produce documents. They have statutory obligations to attend, produce documents and answer questions (ss19-20, 23), subject to limited privilege protections for legal practitioners (s23(3)) and limitations on use of their compelled evidence (s23(5)).
Legal practitioners. May assist clients at examinations but have a specific statutory privilege route; when required to give evidence that would disclose privileged communications, the practitioner can refuse unless the communication originator agrees, but must provide the originator’s name and address if required (s23(3)). Legal practitioners are also expressly covered by secrecy obligations and protection provisions (s18(2), s27(2)).
Officers of bodies corporate and agents. When a corporate entity is served with a summons or notice containing a non-disclosure notation their officers or agents may be given information to ensure compliance (s22(2)(c)), but confidentiality obligations persist (s22(3)-(4)).
Members of police services and the Australian Federal Police (AFP). Members of AFP cannot execute certain warrants unless they are also ACC staff (s29(3), s24(3)), limiting enforcement to qualified personnel or seconded staff.
Persons whose passports are ordered to be delivered, or who are at risk of arrest under warrant for obstruction or evasion. The Act permits court orders to require delivery of passports (s28) and arrest warrants for persons evading process (s24).
Affected activities and sectors
Businesses and private persons dealing with documents, records, or evidence potentially connected to a special operation/investigation face increased compliance obligations to produce materials on notice (s20). Records on financial transactions, company affairs and taxation are specifically within the serious and organised crime definition and therefore plausibly covered (s3(1)(d)(i)-(iii), (xiii)).
Legal and professional services. Lawyers encounter obligations and limited privileges when dealing with compelled examinations and must navigate confidentiality notations (ss21-23).
Courts and judicial officers. Judges and federal judicial officers are involved as issuing officers for warrants and orders and for oversight of arrest and passport measures; functions conferred on federal judicial officers are personal and not judicial acts of the courts (s35).
Who pays and who decides
Resource costs. The State may provide secondees or officers on arrangement to the ACC (s41), and the State Minister may make arrangements to supply information (s40). Operational costs of ACC activities are a Commonwealth responsibility under the ACC Act, but this Act creates administrative and reporting obligations that engage State resources for cooperation, oversight and potential prosecution follow-up (s34, s43).
Decision-makers. The Board decides special designations and composition (s8), the CEO operationally manages and designates heads (s6), examiners decide examination conduct and publication directions (s18), and issuing officers or Judges/Affidavits determine warrants and passport orders (ss29, 28).
In short, responsibility for initiating, controlling and conducting ACC State operations and investigations sits mainly with the ACC’s Commonwealth structures, while persons and bodies within Tasmania face mandatory production and attendance obligations and may be required to provide information and personnel under arrangements. The Act also imposes secrecy and non-disclosure obligations on both ACC officers and third parties served with notices or summonses.
Key duties and rights
The Act allocates specific duties and rights across institutional and individual actors. Below are the principal obligations and statutory entitlements, with section references.
Duties and powers of the ACC, CEO and Board
ACC functions and operational remit. ACC functions include investigating State-related relevant criminal activity and undertaking intelligence operations when such activities involve State offences (s5(a)-(b)). The ACC must provide reports to the Board on outcomes (s5(c)).
CEO management duties. The CEO must manage, coordinate and control ACC operations/investigations (s6(1)). Following Board consent under the ACC Act to start an operation or investigation, the CEO must promptly determine in writing the head of the operation or investigation (s6(2)). The CEO must consult the Chair and appropriate Board members before that determination (s6(3)), and may arrange which examiners will exercise powers in special operations/investigations taking into account consultation with examiners (s6(4)).
Board decision-making and recording. The Board must determine in writing whether a State intelligence operation or investigation is "special" (s8(1)(a)). Before making that determination the Board must consider whether non-statutory means would be effective (s8(2)-(3)). A determination must describe the general nature of circumstances or allegations and state the purpose (s8(4)). The Board must notify the Inter-Governmental Committee within three days of such a determination (s8(5)). The Board cannot delegate the function of making special determinations to a committee (s15(4)).
Examination and evidence duties and rights
Examiner powers to summon and require production. Examiners may summon witnesses to attend examinations and to produce documents or things specified in the summons (s19(1)). The examiner must be satisfied that issuing the summons is reasonable in the circumstances and must record the reasons in writing (s19(2), (2A)). Summonses must be accompanied by the Board’s special determination (s19(3)) and should set out, as far as is reasonably practicable, the general nature of questioning (s19(4)), subject to operational secrecy if stated to be prejudicial.
Notices for documents. Examiners may serve written notices requiring attendance before an examiner or member of staff and production of documents relevant to a special operation/investigation (s20(1)). Again the examiner must be satisfied that issuing the notice is reasonable and write reasons (s20(2), (2A)). Non-compliance is an indictable offence carrying up to 200 penalty units or 5 years imprisonment (s20(5)).
Compellability and use immunity. Persons summoned must attend and answer questions and produce documents (s23(1)-(2)). A legal practitioner has a statutory right to refuse to answer or produce privileged communications unless the client agrees, but must give the name and address of the communication originator if required (s23(3)). Answers or produced documents given under compulsion are not admissible in criminal proceedings against the witness except in specified circumstances such as confiscation proceedings or proceedings relating to falsity of the answer or document (s23(5)). The protection applies only when the witness claims that replying might incriminate or make liable to a penalty and when the evidentiary protections of s23(4A) are satisfied.
Examination conduct and representation. Examiners regulate conduct of proceedings (s18(1)). A witness may be represented by a legal practitioner; the examiner may permit representation for others only with consent and special circumstances (s18(2)). Examinations must be held in private (s18(3)), subject to limited exceptions for persons the examiner permits (s18(4)-(5)).
Search, seizure and enforcement powers
Search warrants. An eligible person may apply for a warrant to search premises for things connected to a special operation/investigation if there are reasonable grounds to suspect things may be concealed or destroyed (s29(1)). Warrants require affidavit grounds and the issuing officer must be satisfied there are reasonable grounds (s29(4)-(5)). The warrant must state purpose, hours and a date not later than one month after issue when it ceases (s29(6)). Warrants authorise entry, search and seizure and seized items may be retained by the head of the special operation/investigation while reasonably necessary for the operation (s29(2), (10)).
Arrest warrants and passport orders. Judges may issue warrants for apprehension if there are reasonable grounds to believe a person will evade attendance, abscond or has contravened attendance obligations (s24(1)). Judges of the Federal Court may order persons to deliver passports to examiners if there are reasonable grounds they intend to leave Australia and could give significant evidence (s28(1)-(2)). Retention of passports is permitted up to 3 months by extensions under judicial application (s28(3)).
Secrecy, reporting and disclosure duties
Reporting duties to Ministers and Inter-Governmental Committee. The Chair must keep the Commonwealth Minister informed of ACC conduct under this Act and must comply with ministerial requests for specific information (s43(1)-(1A)). The Chair must also furnish reports and, when requested, information to the Inter-Governmental Committee subject to secrecy-based exceptions (s43(2)-(6)). The CEO may furnish ACC information to law enforcement, foreign agencies and other authorised authorities when appropriate and not contrary to law (s43(8)-(9)).
Secrecy obligations. The CEO, Board members, ACC staff and examiners must not record or divulge information acquired in the course of their functions except in connection with relevant Acts or for performance of functions (s44(2)). Disclosures contrary to s44 are offences with penalties up to 50 penalty units or 1 year imprisonment (s44(2)). Persons bound by s44 cannot be compelled to produce documents or divulge matters in courts except in narrowly specified circumstances (s44(3)).
Limitations and safeguards
Judicial review limitation. Acts done because of a Board determination that an operation or investigation is special cannot be challenged in State courts on the ground that the determination was unlawful, except where the Attorney-General of the Commonwealth or of a State initiates proceedings (s36).
Use limitations and protections for witnesses. Compelled evidence has limited admissibility in criminal proceedings against the witness (s23(5)), and publication directions must be given where necessary to protect safety, reputation or fair trial (s18(9)-(9A)).
These duties and rights distribute coercive powers (summons, notices, warrants) to examiners, issuing officers and judges, operational leadership to the CEO, and strategic designations to the Board. Individuals and entities subject to notices and summonses have narrow statutory defences and limited privilege protections, and the Act sets out specific reporting and secrecy duties that shape how evidence and intelligence are shared between Commonwealth and State actors.
Penalties and enforcement
The Act prescribes a range of criminal offences tied to process compliance, false statements, disclosure and obstruction. Penalties are specified in penalty units or terms of imprisonment; conversion to dollar amounts depends on the Commonwealth penalty unit under the Crimes Act 1914 (s3(5)). Key enforcement measures include arrest warrants, search warrants, and court powers to commit persons for non-compliance.
Primary offences and penalties
Failure to comply with notice to produce. It is an indictable offence to refuse or fail to comply with a written notice to produce documents or things under s20(1). The default penalty on conviction is a fine not exceeding 200 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years (s20(5)). However, a court of summary jurisdiction may hear and determine the matter with consent of the defendant and prosecutor; in that case the maximum summary penalty is 20 penalty units or imprisonment up to one year (s20(6)-(7)).
Failure to attend, answer or produce at an examination. A person served with a summons must not fail to attend or fail to attend from day to day unless excused (s23(1)). A person must not refuse to take an oath or affirmation, refuse to answer a question required by the examiner, or refuse to produce a document required by a summons (s23(2)). These are indictable offences punishable by up to 200 penalty units or 5 years imprisonment, with the summary alternative and reduced penalties where proceedings are heard summarily with consent (s23(6)-(8)).
False or misleading evidence. Giving evidence known to be false or misleading in a material particular at an examination is an indictable offence punishable by up to 200 penalty units or 5 years imprisonment (s25(1)-(2)). Summary jurisdiction with consent is available, with maximum summary penalty 20 penalty units or imprisonment up to one year (s25(3)-(4)).
Obstruction, hindering or disrupting ACC functions or an examiner. Obstructing or hindering the ACC in performance of its functions or disrupting an examination is an indictable offence with penalties up to 200 penalty units or 5 years imprisonment; summary jurisdiction again provides for lower maximum penalties where consent is given (s47(1)-(4)).
Unauthorised disclosure of summons, notice or official matters. A person served with a summons or notice containing a non-disclosure notation must not disclose existence of the summons, notice or connected official matters. Penalty: fine not exceeding 20 penalty units or imprisonment for up to one year (s22(1)). Persons given information under permitted disclosures have continuing restrictions and may be penalised for unauthorised disclosure (s22(3)).
Contravention of secrecy obligations by ACC persons. CEO, Board members, staff and examiners who record or divulge information obtained through their functions, other than for the purposes of a relevant Act or performance of their functions, commit an offence punishable by up to 50 penalty units or imprisonment up to one year, or both (s44(2)).
Enforcement mechanisms and prosecutorial duties
Arrest and detention. Judges of the Federal Court or Supreme Court may issue warrants for apprehension where a person is likely to avoid giving evidence, has absconded, is evading service or has committed offences under s23(1) (s24(1)). Warrants authorise entry and forcible execution and require apprehended persons be brought before a Judge as soon as practicable, with powers of bail, continued detention or release (s24(2), (6)-(7)). Members of the AFP may not execute such warrants unless they are ACC staff (s24(3)).
Passport orders. Judges of the Federal Court may order a person to show cause why they should not be required to deliver their passport if there are reasonable grounds that the person intends to leave Australia and may provide significant evidence (s28(1)-(2)). Judges can authorise retention of passports for specified periods up to 3 months in total (s28(3)).
Search and seizure. Issuing officers grant warrants under s29 on affidavit, permitting authorised persons to enter, search and seize defined items connected with a special ACC operation/investigation. Seized items may be retained by the head of the operation if reasonably necessary; otherwise they must be delivered to relevant prosecutorial authorities or returned to rightful possessors (s29(2), (10)-(11)). The Act authorises seizure discovered in searches if reasonably believed to be admissible evidence and necessary to prevent its loss or use in offending (s29(9)).
Assembly and transfer of evidence. Where ACC operations obtain admissible evidence of offences, the CEO must assemble and give it to the Attorney-General of the Commonwealth or State, or to relevant law enforcement agencies or authorised prosecuting persons or authorities (s34(1)). For confiscation proceedings, the CEO may assemble and give evidence to the Attorney-General or relevant agencies (s34(2)). These duties create the pathway from ACC collection to prosecutorial action.
Procedural safeguards and limits on enforcement
Right to legal representation. Witnesses may be represented by legal practitioners at examinations; examiners also may permit representation in special circumstances for other persons (s18(2)). Legal practitioners have limited privilege rights in s23(3).
Use immunity. The Act’s non-admissibility rule for compelled evidence protects witnesses from criminal use of information provided under compulsion, with enumerated exceptions (s23(5)). This alters the risk calculation for witnesses deciding whether to comply.
Limits on review. Section 36 restricts State court challenge to acts done because of a Board’s special determination, except in proceedings instituted by the Commonwealth or State Attorney-General. This limits judicial oversight of the determination process at State level.
In practice the enforcement regime balances significant coercive tools against statutory protections for witnesses and tight secrecy regimes. The combination of high maximum penalties for non-compliance, arrest and seizure powers, and restricted avenues for judicial review concentrates enforcement decisions among issuing officers, Judges, the Board and the ACC’s executive.
How it interacts with other laws
The Act is expressly linked to the Commonwealth ACC Act and various State and Commonwealth instruments. It both imports meanings from the ACC Act and creates cross-jurisdictional processes for evidence flow and administrative arrangements.
References to and incorporation of the ACC Act
Defined relationship with ACC Act. The Act defines "ACC Act" as the Australian Crime Commission Act 2002 and stipulates that when this Act uses a term that is used in the ACC Act the term has the same meaning unless a contrary intention appears (s3(1)-(2)). This imports the ACC Act’s definitions and institutional framework into the State instrument.
Functions subject to ACC Act consent. The Act notes that conferral of functions on Commonwealth bodies or persons by the Act is subject to any provision of the ACC Act that requires the consent of the Board before the function can be performed (s31). This preserves ACC Act internal governance requirements.
Limits and protections in relation to State laws and courts
State law not to preclude ACC functions. A Commonwealth body or person is not precluded by any State law from performing a function conferred by this Act (s32). This establishes Commonwealth primacy for ACC functions in State matters to the extent of legislative power.
Acts Interpretation and limits on extraterritorial duty. Section 33 recognises the limits of State legislative power and does not purport to impose duties on Commonwealth bodies beyond the State Parliament’s legislative power, noting s35 of the Acts Interpretation Act 1931 as relevant (s33(1)-(2)).
Interaction with criminal procedure and evidence
Transfer and admissibility of evidence. The CEO must assemble and give admissible evidence to Attorneys-General or relevant agencies for prosecution or confiscation proceedings (s34(1)-(2)). The Act contains specific protections for compelled witnesses that limit admissibility of their answers in subsequent criminal proceedings against them (s23(5)), altering the usual evidentiary dynamics.
Federal judicial officers and State courts. Functions conferred on federal judicial officers are conferred personally and not as a court; anything done by them under the Act has effect only by virtue of this Act and not by implication as acts of the court (s35(2)-(3)). Judges perform warrant and passport-order functions under the Act (ss24, 28).
Overlap with existing State instruments and transitional continuity
Transitional continuation of NCA provisions. Schedule 1 preserves certain results and transitional arrangements relating to the National Crime Authority (NCA) instruments, treating some NCA investigations as ACC special investigations, carrying forward publication directions and secrecy notations, and validating administrative actions taken under the former NCA (Schedule 1, cl 2-12). This reduces doctrinal friction in moving from the NCA regime to the ACC regime.
Consequential amendments and repeals. Schedule 2 lists Acts to be consequentially amended and Schedule 3 repeals the National Crime Authority (State Provisions) Act 1985 (Schedules 2-3), thereby restructuring the statutory framework for State participation in Commonwealth organised-crime investigations.
Inter-governmental coordination and foreign interaction
Inter-Governmental Committee and Ministerial roles. The Inter-Governmental Committee can request further information about special determinations and revoke them with specified majorities; the Chair must comply unless disclosure could prejudice safety or agency operations, in which case the Committee can refer to the State Minister who then determines whether disclosure would be prejudicial (s16). The Chair must furnish reports to the Inter-Governmental Committee and keep the Commonwealth Minister informed (s43). These provisions mediate ACC-State information flows and manage confidentiality.
International coordination and foreign law enforcement. The CEO may furnish information to foreign law-enforcement agencies where appropriate and not contrary to law (s43(8)(b)). The ACC may coordinate activities with similar authorities overseas (s37(2)), creating pathways for cross-border investigative coordination.
Conflicts and limits
Double jeopardy protection in relation to the ACC Act. If an act is an offence under both this Act and the ACC Act and the person has been punished under the ACC Act, the person is not liable to be punished again under this Act (s39). This prevents duplicate punishment arising from parallel Commonwealth and State instruments.
Secrecy and court compellability limits. Section 44 protects ACC personnel from being required to produce documents or divulge information in court except where the ACC or specified officials are parties or where necessary to carry into effect relevant Act provisions or prosecutions arising from ACC investigations (s44(3)). This can constrain evidentiary disclosure in State proceedings.
Overall, the Act is designed to operate alongside the ACC Act and to prioritise Commonwealth structures and processes for organised-crime investigations that involve State offences, while providing explicit mechanisms for State input, receipt of evidence, secondees and reporting. It creates a legal bridge between Commonwealth investigative power and State prosecutorial and administrative processes, with explicit provisions to manage conflicts, evidence transfer and secrecy.
Amendment history
The text provided contains a limited explicit amendment note and transitional instruments. The Act’s in-text annotations identify one formal amendment and multiple transitional and consequential instruments incorporated into the Act on commencement.
Recorded amendment(s)
Section 3(1) amendment. The definition of "legal practitioner" in s3(1) was amended by No. 66 of 2007, Schedule 1, with an applied date of 31 December 2008. The in-text note reads: "[Section 3 Subsection (1) amended by No. 66 of 2007, Sched. 1, Applied:31 Dec 2008]" and immediately follows the definition cluster in s3(1). That amendment replaced or clarified the definition of "legal practitioner" to mean an Australian legal practitioner. No other express statutory amendment history annotations appear in the provided text.
Transitional provisions and carry-over from former regime
Schedule 1. Extensive transitional provisions deal with the migration from the National Crime Authority (State Provisions) Act 1985 to the ACC regime. Schedule 1 includes: treating certain NCA investigations as ACC special investigations (cl 2); applying s34(1) as if evidence obtained by the NCA had been obtained by the ACC where assembly and transmission had not occurred before 1 January 2003 (cl 3); continuing Section 8 of the NCA State Provisions Act for references made under that Act (cl 4); preserving arrangements and notations made under the NCA Act as if they were made under the equivalent sections here (cl 5, cl 7-9); applying secrecy obligations to former officials (cl 11); validating certain administrative actions under the Co-operative Schemes (Administrative Actions) Act 2001 (cl 12). Schedule 1 therefore contains detailed transitional layering intended to preserve legality of prior NCA actions and to ensure continuity.
Consequential changes and repeal
Schedule 2. Lists consequential amendments to other Acts including Federal Courts (State Jurisdiction) Act 1999, Gaming Control Act 1993, Taxation Administration Act 1997 and Witness Protection Act 2000 (Schedule 2). The detail of those consequential amendments is not reproduced in the provided text, but the schedule signals legislative housekeeping to integrate the ACC’s State role into other statutory frameworks.
Schedule 3. Repeals the National Crime Authority (State Provisions) Act 1985 (Schedule 3), signalling a formal legislative replacement of that earlier State provision.
Commencement and administrative allocation
The Act’s provisions commence on proclamation (s2). Until administrative orders reassign the Act’s administration under the Administrative Arrangements Act 1990, the Minister for Police and Public Safety and the Department of Police and Public Safety are assigned administration of the Act (s52).
Notes on interpretive limits
Section 33 expressly states the Act does not purport to impose duties on Commonwealth bodies beyond the State’s legislative power and references s35 of the Acts Interpretation Act 1931, indicating an awareness of constitutional limits.
The provided text shows limited recorded amendment entries beyond the 2007 amendment note and the embedded Schedules that implement transitional and consequential modifications. For a full legislative history beyond the provided note, consultation of the Government Gazette, Parliamentary debates and modern consolidated statutes would be necessary, but those sources are outside the text supplied.
Litigation history
The provided text does not contain any judicial decisions or litigation history. There are no case citations, reported judgments or references to litigation outcomes in the instrument itself.
Judicial-compliance and review-related provisions in the Act
The Act constrains certain forms of judicial review of administrative decisions central to its operation. Specifically, s36 limits challenges in State courts to acts done as a consequence of a Board determination that an ACC State intelligence operation is a special operation or that an ACC State investigation is a special investigation. That section states that such acts "must not be challenged, reviewed, quashed or called in question in any court of the State on the ground that the determination was not lawfully made", except where proceedings are instituted by the Attorney-General of the Commonwealth or a State. This limitation shapes the landscape for potential litigation: challenges to the legality of Board determinations are largely off-limits to private litigants in State courts.
Implications for potential litigation strategies
Where the Act channels challenges to Board determinations to Attorneys-General, private parties seeking review of designation decisions will face an initial jurisdictional barrier. The Act does not, in the text provided, address whether federal courts (for example the Federal Court) remain open to review on constitutional grounds; the Act limits challenges in State courts. Only the courts themselves or other constitutional pathways might be available for those asserting that the Board exceeded its powers, but the Act’s s36 preserves wide functional effect against State-court challenges.
The Act contains protection provisions for examiners and ACC officers (s27, s44) which will affect cross-litigation considerations: persons to whom s44 applies cannot be compelled to produce documents or divulge matters in court except in limited circumstances (s44(3)). That will influence evidentiary strategies in litigation arising from ACC investigations.
Absence of named cases in the text
The Act’s scheduling and notes preserve some previous NCA procedural outcomes by regulations and transitional clauses, but no judicial authority is cited. There are no recorded cases in the Act text; consequently the Act as provided does not supply any litigation precedent or statutory interpretation history for counsel to rely on.
For research or litigation planning, practitioners must consult external case law databases and court reports to identify any cases that have interpreted, applied or tested provisions of this Act in the courts. The statutory text itself makes it clear that certain decisions are insulated from State court challenge and that secrecy, publication bans and use immunity will be central issues in any contested proceedings arising from ACC State operations.
Gotchas
The Act contains several features that can surprise practitioners and organisations because they materially affect scope, process and oversight. These are concrete operational risks and legal traps rooted in statutory text.
Broad statutory definition of serious and organised crime and incidental offences
The definition in s3(1) covers conduct involving two or more offenders, substantial planning, sophistication and an enumerated catalogue including theft, fraud, tax evasion, money laundering, cybercrime and "matters of the same general nature" (s3(1)). There is also an escape valve for regulation to prescribe further offences. Practically, this means many forms of commercial wrongdoing are within reach.
The "incidental offence" rule in s3(3) allows the head of an ACC operation/investigation to treat an offence not plainly within the serious and organised crime definition as such if it is suspected to be part of or connected to a course of activity involving serious and organised crime. That expands the ACC’s operational net and can convert ordinary offences into subjects of special operations in practice.
Limited State-court review of Board designations
Section 36 bars State-court challenges to acts done because of a Board determination that an operation/investigation is special, except if the Attorney-General of a participating jurisdiction institutes proceedings. This narrows private-sector judicial oversight and can constrain judicial checks on the threshold decision to declare an operation special.
Confidentiality notations coupled with criminal penalties for disclosure
Examiners can place notations on summonses and notices prohibiting disclosure of the existence of the process or connected official matters (s21). Persons served with such notations have strict non-disclosure duties, with penalties of up to 20 penalty units or 1 year imprisonment for disclosure (s22(1)). The non-disclosure regime continues to apply for five years unless earlier cancelled (s22(5)). Organisations must be alert to the consequences for employees and officers who become aware of such notations.
Protection of ACC personnel from compelled disclosure and heavy secrecy obligations
Section 44 provides a cloak of secrecy over ACC personnel: they are guilty of an offence for unauthorised disclosure (s44(2)) and cannot be compelled to produce documents or divulge matters in court except in narrow circumstances (s44(3)). This can limit the availability of ACC-held information in civil proceedings and reduce transparency.
Strong coercive powers with high maximum penalties
Failure to comply with notices to produce documents (s20(4)) or with summons obligations (s23) exposes persons to indictable offences with maximum penalties up to 200 penalty units or 5 years imprisonment (ss20(5), 23(6)). These are significant sanctions that carry important consequences for individuals and entities.
Legal practitioner privilege limited in scope
A legal practitioner confronted with a compulsory requirement to answer or produce privileged communications can refuse only where the privileged communication was made by or to the practitioner in their capacity as a legal practitioner (s23(3)). Where the practitioner refuses, they may still be required to identify the originator of the communication by name and address. This partial protection may force disclosure of client identity even when the substance remains privileged.
Inter-Governmental Committee information requests can be blocked
The Chair must comply with a Committee’s request for further information about a special determination unless the Chair considers disclosure to the public could prejudice safety, reputation or law-enforcement operations (s16(2)-(3)). If the Chair refuses, the Committee can refer the request to the State Minister, who must privately determine the prejudice question but cannot disclose the reasons for that determination (s16(4)-(5)). This gives the Chair and the State Minister significant control over what the Committee learns, potentially reducing institutional transparency.
Use immunity exceptions permit subsequent use in other proceedings
While compelled answers or documents are not admissible in most criminal proceedings against the witness (s23(5)), the Act carves out exceptions for confiscation proceedings and proceedings concerning falsity of the answer or statements in produced documents (s23(5)(c)-(d)). Witnesses should be aware that compelled testimony could be used to challenge their credibility or in asset recovery contexts.
AFP enforcement constrained unless seconded to ACC
Members of the Australian Federal Police cannot execute certain warrants or arrest warrants unless they are also staff of the ACC (s24(3), s29(3)). This limits enforcement to authorised persons but also has operational implications where secondment and staffing arrangements are required to effect warrant execution.
Time-limited warrants and retention of seized items
Search warrants issued under s29 must specify a cessation date not later than one month after issue (s29(6)(d) and (7)). Seized things may be retained only so long as reasonably necessary for the operation (s29(10)(a)), otherwise they must be delivered to prosecuting authorities or returned (s29(10)(b)). Operational actors must manage chain-of-custody and disclosure timings carefully to avoid over-retention.
Each of these "gotchas" is rooted in the statutory text. Practitioners advising clients should explicitly check whether a summons or notice carries a non-disclosure notation, whether an operation has been designated "special", whether privilege issues will arise under s23(3), and whether the AG threshold for judicial challenge in s36 will preclude State-court review. For organisations, internal protocols should be established to identify and lawfully respond to ACC process, to control employee disclosures and to manage records that might be subject to notices.
How to comply
Below are practical, source-grounded compliance steps and checklists for institutions, legal advisers and individuals who may be subject to or involved in ACC State operations and investigations under this Act. Each step is tied to relevant statutory obligations.
For organisations and corporate entities
Establish a notice-and-summons response protocol. Maintain a clear escalation path for any summons (s19) or notice to produce (s20). Ensure the summons is accompanied by the Board determination as required (s19(3)). Immediately record and preserve any notation specifying non-disclosure rights and obligations; note that notations must be accompanied by a written statement of rights and obligations under s21(3).
Preserve documents and evidence. Where an examiner issues a s20 notice, the recipient must attend and produce specified documents. Non-compliance is an indictable offence with significant penalty (s20(4)-(5)). Organisations should implement a legal-hold regime triggered by ACC notices and preserve chain of custody for items that might be seized under s29.
Control internal disclosure. If a summons or notice contains a non-disclosure notation, limit disclosure strictly to persons permitted by s22(2)(b)-(c) (legal practitioners and officers/agents for compliance). Those who receive information under permitted disclosure must be instructed on ongoing obligations not to record or further disclose the material (s22(3)).
Engage legal counsel early. Counsel can advise on claims of privilege and assist where legal practitioners are required to answer or produce documents. Under s23(3) legal practitioners may refuse to answer privileged communications unless the originator consents, but they must supply the originator’s name and address if required. Obtain counsel’s advice before producing privileged materials.
For legal practitioners
Understand limited scope of privilege protection. If required to answer or produce privileged communications, you may refuse under s23(3) but be prepared to supply the originator’s name and address. Advise clients promptly about the implications for privilege and disclosure risk.
Use available protections and contest overreach. Where a notice or summons appears unreasonable under s19(2) or s20(2), ensure reasons for issue are recorded in writing by the examiner (s19(2A), s20(2A)). Consider challenging undue breadth via negotiation with examiners or, if appropriate and available, through the AG avenues contemplated by s36 for wider judicial review by State Attorneys-General.
Maintain confidentiality obligations. If you are given notice of a non-disclosure notation, follow s22(2)(d) and s22(4) guidance about permitted disclosures to other practitioners for the purpose of obtaining agreement under s23(3).
For individuals and witnesses
Attend and comply with summonses and notices. Failure to attend, to take an oath, to answer questions or to produce documents is an offence with heavy penalties (s23(1)-(2), (6)). If you are served, coordinate with legal counsel immediately.
Consider invocation of self-incrimination protections and use-immunity rules. If you claim that providing an answer or producing a document may incriminate you, the s23 protections limit admissibility of your compelled answer in criminal proceedings against you subject to the specified exceptions in s23(5). Seek legal advice to understand consequences in relation to confiscation proceedings or falsity proceedings, where compelled answers may be used.
Note publication bans. If the summons or notice has a non-disclosure notation (s21), avoid any disclosure of the existence or content of the process. Civil and criminal penalties may apply under s22.
For ACC staff, examiners and Board members
Record reasons and adhere to procedural steps. Examiners must be satisfied that summonses and notices are reasonable and must record reasons in writing before issuing them (s19(2), (2A); s20(2), (2A)). The Board must describe in writing the general nature and purpose of special determinations (s8(4)).
Apply publication directions conscientiously. Examiners must give directions to prevent publication that might prejudice safety or fair trial, and must give such directions where failure to do so might prejudice safety or fair trial (s18(9)-(9A)). The CEO may only vary or revoke such directions if it will not prejudice safety or fair trial (s18(10)-(11)).
Respect secrecy obligations. Those to whom s44 applies must avoid unauthorised recording or disclosure and know the narrow exceptions to produce or divulge in court (s44(2)-(3)).
For State Ministers and the Inter-Governmental Committee
Manage information requests with statutory tests. If the Inter-Governmental Committee requests further information about a special determination, the Chair must comply unless disclosure would prejudice safety, reputation or law-enforcement operations (s16(1)-(3)). Where the Chair refuses, the Committee can refer to the State Minister, who must make a written determination on prejudice but without disclosing reasons (s16(4)-(5)). Ministers should set processes to assess prejudice and manage confidentiality under s16.
Implement arrangements for information and secondees. The State Minister may make arrangements to give information to the Board and to make personnel available to the ACC (ss40-41). Ensure formal agreements document the scope of secondments, supervision, workplace safety and legal protections.
For prosecutors and law-enforcement agencies
Receive and process assembled evidence. The CEO must assemble and give admissible evidence obtained in ACC operations to the Attorney-General or relevant law-enforcement agencies or authorised prosecuting persons (s34(1)). Implement evidence intake and chain-of-custody protocols to receive material from ACC heads.
Consider confiscation and civil remedies. The Act permits the ACC to assemble evidence relevant to confiscation proceedings and furnish it to Attorneys-General or agencies (s34(2), s43(9)). Prosecutors should consider asset-recovery strategies in parallel with criminal prosecutions.
Operational compliance checklist
On receipt of a summons/notice: verify examiner identity, confirm attached Board determination (s19(3)), preserve chain of custody, notify internal counsel, check for non-disclosure notations and rights statement (s21(3), s22).
If asked to produce documents: log all produced items, collect signed receipt from ACC staff, note any claims of privilege and obtain legal counsel to endorse the claim under s23(3).
If subject to search warrant: ensure authorised personnel are present, record seized items and request a written inventory, engage counsel promptly to consider remedies for overbroad seizure (s29(2), (10)).
If an ACC staff member or Board member: keep confidential logs in secure systems, ensure statutory disclosure exceptions are understood (s44).
Finally, ensure institutional training on the Act, maintain record-retention policies aligned with potential ACC notices and create escalation procedures to the relevant State Minister or Attorney-General where institutional or constitutional boundaries are implicated. The Act places heavy compliance burdens on persons and entities who may be involved in investigations; proactive legal engagement and clear internal protocols will mitigate risk.
Part 2The Australian Crime Commission, the Board and the Inter-Governmental Committee
Commonwealth Minister means the Commonwealth Minister administering the ACC Act;
confer includes to impose;
Federal Magistrate means a Federal Magistrate (including the Chief Federal Magistrate) who holds office under the Federal Magistrates Act 1999 of the Commonwealth;
function has a meaning affected by subsection (4) ;
intelligence operation means the collection, correlation, analysis or dissemination of criminal information and intelligence relating to a relevant criminal activity;
issuing officer means –
(a) a Judge of the Federal Court; or
(b) a Judge of a court of the State; or
(c) a Federal Magistrate;
[Section 3 Subsection (1) amended by No. 66 of 2007, Sched. 1, Applied:31 Dec 2008]legal practitioner means an Australian legal practitioner;
perform includes to exercise;
serious and organised crime means an offence –
(a) that involves 2 or more offenders and substantial planning and organisation; and
(b) that involves, or is of a kind that ordinarily involves, the use of sophisticated methods and techniques; and
(c) that is committed, or is of a kind that is ordinarily committed, in conjunction with other offences of a like kind; and
(d) that is an offence of a kind prescribed by the regulations or an offence that involves any of the following:
(i) theft;
(ii) fraud;
(iii) tax evasion;
(iv) money laundering;
(v) currency violations;
(vi) illegal drug dealings;
(vii) illegal gambling;
(viii) obtaining financial benefit by vice engaged in by others;
(ix) extortion;
(x) violence;
(xi) bribery or corruption of, or by, an officer of the Commonwealth, an officer of a State or an officer of a Territory;
(xii) perverting the course of justice;
(xiii) bankruptcy and company violations;
(xiv) harbouring of criminals;
(xv) forging of passports;
(xvi) firearms;
(xvii) armament dealings;
(xviii) illegal importation or exportation of fauna into or out of Australia;
(xix) cybercrime;
(xx) matters of the same general nature as one or more of the matters listed above; and
(e) that is punishable by imprisonment for a period of 3 years or more –
but –
(f) does not include an offence committed in the course of a genuine dispute as to matters pertaining to the relations of employees and employers by a party to the dispute, unless the offence is committed in connection with, or as part of, a course of activity involving the commission of a serious and organised crime other than an offence so committed; and
(g) does not include an offence the time for the commencement of a prosecution for which has expired;
special ACC operation/investigation means –
(a) an ACC State intelligence operation that the Board has determined to be a special operation; or
(b) an ACC State investigation that the Board has determined to be a special investigation;
State Minister means the State Minister administering this Act.
(2) If this Act uses a term that is used in the ACC Act, the term has the same meaning in this Act as it has in the ACC Act unless the contrary intention appears in this Act.
(3) If the head of an ACC operation/investigation suspects that an offence (the "incidental offence") that is not a serious and organised crime may be directly or indirectly connected with, or may be a part of, a course of activity involving the commission of a serious and organised crime (whether or not the head has identified the nature of that serious and organised crime), then the incidental offence is, for so long only as the head so suspects, taken, for the purposes of this Act, to be a serious and organised crime.
(4) A reference in this Act, other than in Part 2 , to a function includes a reference to a power or duty.
(5) In this Act a fine expressed as a number of "penalty units" is a fine of the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula:
| A x B |
| where – | |
| "A" | is that number of penalty units; and |
| "B" | is the amount (in dollars) that is for the time being a penalty unit under the Crimes Act 1914 of the Commonwealth. |
(6) A note in the text of this Act does not form part of this Act.
4 Act binds Crown
4 Act binds Crown
This Act binds the Crown in right of Tasmania and, so far as the legislative power of Parliament permits, in all its other capacities.
Part 2 The Australian Crime Commission, the Board and the Inter-Governmental Committee
Part 2 The Australian Crime Commission, the Board and the Inter-Governmental Committee
Division 1 The Australian Crime Commission
Division 1 The Australian Crime Commission
5 Functions of ACC
5 Functions of ACC
The ACC has the following functions:
(a) to investigate a matter relating to a relevant criminal activity, in so far as the serious and organised crime is, or the serious and organised crimes are or include, an offence or offences against a law of the State (irrespective of whether that offence or those offences have a federal aspect);
(b) to undertake an intelligence operation in so far as the serious and organised crime is, or the serious and organised crimes are or include, an offence or offences against a law of the State (irrespective of whether that offence or those offences have a federal aspect);
(c) to provide a report to the Board on the outcome of such an investigation or operation;
(d) such other functions as are conferred on the ACC by other provisions of this Act or any other Act.
6 CEO to manage ACC operations/investigations
6 CEO to manage ACC operations/investigations
(1) The CEO is to manage, coordinate and control ACC operations/investigations.
(2) As soon as practicable after the Board consents under section 55A(3) of the ACC Act to the ACC undertaking an intelligence operation under section 5(b) or conducting an investigation under section 5(a) , the CEO must determine, in writing, the head of the operation or investigation.
(3) Before the CEO determines the head of the operation or investigation, the CEO must consult the Chair of the Board, and such other members of the Board as the CEO thinks appropriate, in relation to the determination.
(4) Subject to such consultation with the examiners as is appropriate and practicable, the CEO may make arrangements as to the examiner who is to be able to exercise his or her powers under this Act in relation to a special ACC operation/investigation.
7 Counsel assisting ACC
7 Counsel assisting ACC
The CEO may appoint a legal practitioner to assist the ACC as counsel in relation to ACC operations/investigations generally or in relation to a particular matter or matters.
Division 2 The Board of the ACC
Division 2 The Board of the ACC
8 Functions of Board
8 Functions of Board
(1) The Board has the following functions:
(a) to determine, in writing, whether an ACC State intelligence operation is a special operation or whether an ACC State investigation is a special investigation;
(b) to determine, in writing, the class or classes of persons to participate in an ACC State intelligence operation or ACC State investigation;
(c) to establish task forces;
(d) such other functions as are conferred on the Board by other provisions of this Act.
(2) The Board may determine, in writing, that an ACC State intelligence operation is a special operation but, before doing so, it must consider whether methods of collecting the criminal information and intelligence that do not involve the use of powers in this Act have been effective.
(3) The Board may determine, in writing, that an ACC State investigation is a special investigation but, before doing so, it must consider whether ordinary police methods of investigation into the matters are likely to be effective.
(4) A determination under subsection (2) or (3) must –
(a) describe the general nature of the circumstances or allegations constituting the relevant criminal activity to which the operation or investigation relates; and
(b) state that the serious and organised crime is, or the serious and organised crimes are or include, an offence or offences against a law of the State but need not specify the particular offence or offences; and
(c) set out the purpose of the operation or investigation.
(5) The Chair of the Board must, within the period of 3 days beginning on the day a determination under subsection (2) or (3) is made, give a copy of the determination to the Inter-Governmental Committee.
(6) A determination under subsection (2) or (3) has effect immediately after it is made.
(7) Sections 9 to 15 have effect in relation to the Board's functions under this Act.
9 Board meetings
9 Board meetings
(1) The Chair of the Board may convene meetings of the Board.
(2) The Chair, in exercising his or her power to convene meetings, must ensure that meetings of the Board are scheduled to meet the requirements set out in section 7D of the ACC Act.
10 Presiding at Board meetings
10 Presiding at Board meetings
A meeting of the Board must be presided over by –
(a) if the Chair of the Board is present, the Chair; or
(b) otherwise, another eligible Commonwealth Board member who is present and who is nominated, in writing, by the Chair to preside.
11 Quorum at Board meetings
11 Quorum at Board meetings
At a meeting of the Board a quorum is constituted by 7 Board members (not including the CEO).
12 Voting at Board meetings
12 Voting at Board meetings
(1) Subject to this section, a question arising at a meeting of the Board is to be determined by a majority of the votes of Board members present.
(2) The person presiding at a meeting has –
(a) a deliberative vote; and
(b) if necessary, also a casting vote.
(3) The CEO is not entitled to vote on any question arising at a meeting of the Board.
(4) The Board cannot determine that an ACC State intelligence operation is a special operation, or that an ACC State investigation is a special investigation, unless at least 9 Board members (including at least 2 eligible Commonwealth Board members) vote in favour of making the determination.
13 Conduct of Board meetings
13 Conduct of Board meetings
(1) The Board may regulate proceedings at its meetings as it considers appropriate.
(2) The Board must ensure that minutes of its meetings are kept.
14 Resolutions outside of Board meetings
14 Resolutions outside of Board meetings
(1) This section applies to a resolution –
(a) which, without being considered at a meeting of the Board, is referred to all members of the Board; and
(b) of which –
(i) if subparagraph (ii) does not apply, a majority of those members (not including the CEO); or
(ii) if the resolution is that the Board determine that an ACC State intelligence operation is a special operation, or that an ACC State investigation is a special investigation, at least 9 Board members (not including the CEO but including at least 2 eligible Commonwealth Board members) –
indicate by telephone or other mode of communication to the Chair of the Board that they are in favour.
(2) The resolution is as valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a meeting of the Board duly convened and held.
15 Board committees
15 Board committees
(1) The Board may, with the unanimous agreement of all the members of the Board (not including the CEO), establish a committee or committees to assist in carrying out the functions of the Board.
(2) The Board may dissolve a committee at any time.
(3) The functions of a committee are as determined by the unanimous agreement of all the members of the Board (not including the CEO).
(4) However, the Board cannot determine that a committee has the function of determining whether an ACC State intelligence operation is a special operation or whether an ACC State investigation is a special investigation.
(5) In performing its functions, a committee must comply with any directions given to the committee by the Board.
(6) A question arising at a meeting of a committee is to be determined by a majority of the votes of committee members present.
(7) However, the CEO is not entitled to vote on any question arising at a meeting of a committee of which he or she is a member.
(8) A committee must inform the other members of the Board of its decisions.
(9) A committee may regulate proceedings at its meetings as it considers appropriate.
(10) A committee must ensure that minutes of its meetings are kept.
Division 3 The Inter-Governmental Committee
Division 3 The Inter-Governmental Committee
16 Functions of Committee
This is an opening excerpt, not the complete document.