(a) an audit of a financial report for a financial year, or an audit of a financial report for a half-year, in accordance with Part 2M.3 of the Corporations Act 2001; and
(b) an audit of a financial report for any other purpose.
2 This Auditing Standard also applies, as appropriate, to an audit of other financial information.
Operative Date
3 This Auditing Standard is operative for financial reporting periods commencing on or after 1 July 2006.
Introduction
4 The purpose of this Auditing Standard is to establish mandatory requirements and to provide explanatory guidance to external auditors in considering the work of internal audit. This Auditing Standard does not deal with instances when personnel from internal audit assist the external auditor in carrying out external audit procedures. The audit procedures noted in this Auditing Standard are ordinarily only applied to internal audit activities which are relevant to the audit of the financial report.
5 The external auditor shall consider the activities of internal audit and their effect, if any, on external audit procedures.
6 “Internal audit” means an appraisal activity established within an entity as a service to the entity. Its functions include, amongst other things, monitoring internal control.
7 While the external auditor has sole responsibility for the audit opinion expressed and for determining the nature, timing and extent of external audit procedures, certain parts of internal audit work may be useful to the external auditor.
Scope and Objectives of Internal Audit
8 The scope and objectives of internal audit vary widely and depend on the size and structure of the entity and the requirements of those charged with governance and management. Ordinarily, internal audit activities include one or more of the following:
Monitoring of internal control. The establishment of adequate internal control is a responsibility of those charged with governance and management which demands proper attention on a continuous basis. Internal audit is ordinarily assigned specific responsibility by those charged with governance for reviewing controls, monitoring their operation and recommending improvements thereto.
Examination of financial and operating information. This may include review of the means used to identify, measure, classify and report such information and specific enquiry into individual items including detailed testing of transactions, balances and procedures.
Review of the economy, efficiency and effectiveness of operations including non-financial controls of an entity.
Part AUDITING STANDARD ASA 610 - ASA 610 - Considering the Work of Internal Audit - April 2006 - AUDITING STANDARD ASA 610 | Zoe
Review of compliance with laws, regulations and other external requirements and with management policies and directives and other internal requirements.
Relationship Between Internal Audit and the External Auditor
9 The role of internal audit is determined by those charged with governance and management, and its objectives differ from those of the external auditor who is appointed to report independently on the financial report. The internal audit function’s objectives vary according to the requirements of those charged with governance and management. The external auditor’s primary concern is whether the financial report is free of material misstatements and is prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with an applicable financial reporting framework.
10 Nevertheless some of the means of achieving their respective objectives are often similar and thus certain aspects of internal audit may be useful in determining the nature, timing and extent of external audit procedures.
11 Internal audit is part of the entity. Irrespective of the degree of autonomy and objectivity of internal audit, it cannot achieve the same degree of independence as required of the external auditor when expressing an opinion on the financial report. The external auditor has sole responsibility for the audit opinion expressed, and that responsibility is not reduced by any use made of internal audit. All judgements relating to the audit of the financial report are those of the external auditor.
Understanding and Preliminary Assessment of Internal Audit
12 The external auditor shall obtain a sufficient understanding of internal audit activities to identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial report and to design and perform further audit procedures.
13 Effective internal audit will often allow a modification in the nature and timing, and a reduction in the extent of audit procedures performed by the external auditor but cannot eliminate them entirely. In some cases, however, having considered the activities of internal audit, the external auditor may decide that internal audit will have no effect on external audit procedures.
14 The external auditor shall perform an assessment of the internal audit function when internal audit is relevant to the external auditor’s risk assessment.
15 The external auditor’s assessment of the internal audit function will influence the external auditor’s judgement about the use which may be made of internal audit in making risk assessments and thereby modifying the nature, timing and extent of further external audit procedures.
16 When obtaining an understanding and performing an assessment of the internal audit function, the important criteria are ordinarily the following:
Organisational status: Specific status of internal audit in the entity and the effect this has on its ability to be objective. In the ideal situation, internal audit will report administratively to the highest level of management and functionally to those charged with governance and be free of any other operating responsibility. Any constraints or restrictions placed on internal audit by management or those charged with governance would ordinarily be carefully considered. In particular, the internal auditors will need to be free to communicate fully with the external auditor.
Scope of function: The nature and extent of internal audit assignments performed. The external auditor would also ordinarily consider whether management and those charged with governance act on internal audit recommendations and how this is evidenced.
Technical competence: Whether internal audit is performed by persons having adequate technical training and proficiency as internal auditors. The external auditor may, for example, review the policies for hiring and training the internal audit staff and their experience and professional qualifications.
Due professional care: Whether internal audit is properly planned, supervised, reviewed and documented. The existence of adequate audit manuals, work programs and working papers would ordinarily be considered.
17 A suggested questionnaire to assist in obtaining an understanding and making a preliminary assessment of internal audit is attached at Appendix 1.
Timing of Liaison and Coordination
18 When planning to use the work of internal audit, the external auditor will ordinarily need to consider internal audit’s tentative plan for the period and discuss it at as early a stage as possible. Where the work of internal audit is to be a factor in determining the nature, timing and extent of the external auditor’s procedures, it is desirable to agree in advance the timing of such work, the extent of audit coverage, materiality levels and proposed methods of sample selection, documentation of the work performed and review and reporting procedures.
19 Liaison with internal audit is more effective when meetings are held at appropriate intervals during the period. The external auditor would ordinarily be advised of and have access to relevant internal audit reports and be kept informed of any significant matter that comes to the internal auditor’s attention which may affect the work of the external auditor. Similarly, the external auditor would ordinarily inform the internal auditor of any significant matters which may affect internal audit.
Evaluating the Work of Internal Audit
20 When the external auditor intends to use specific work of internal audit, the external auditor shall evaluate and perform audit procedures on that work to confirm its adequacy for the external auditor’s purposes.
21 Under paragraph 20 of this Auditing Standard, the auditor needs to evaluate the specific work of internal audit which involves consideration of the adequacy of the scope of work and related programs and whether the assessment of the internal audit remains appropriate. This evaluation may include consideration of whether:
the work is performed by persons having adequate technical training and proficiency as internal auditors and the work of assistants is properly supervised, reviewed and documented;
sufficient appropriate audit evidence is obtained to be able to draw reasonable conclusions;
conclusions reached are appropriate in the circumstances and any reports prepared are consistent with the results of the work performed;
identified issues and risks were reported to the relevant governance body; and
any exceptions or unusual matters disclosed by internal audit are properly resolved.
22 The nature, timing and extent of the audit procedures performed on the specific work of internal audit will depend on the external auditor’s judgement as to the risk of material misstatement of the area concerned, the assessment of internal audit and the evaluation of the specific work by internal audit. Such audit procedures may include examination of items already examined by internal audit, examination of other similar items and observation of internal audit procedures.
23 Under ASA 230 Audit Documentation, the external auditor needs to record conclusions regarding the specific internal audit work that has been evaluated and the audit procedures performed on the internal auditor’s work.
Conformity with International Standards on Auditing
24 Except as noted below, this Auditing Standard conforms with International Standard on Auditing ISA 610 Considering the Work of Internal Audit, issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board of the International Federation of Accountants. The main differences between this Auditing Standard and ISA 610 are:
This Auditing Standard includes in Appendix 1 a questionnaire which assists the auditor in obtaining an understanding and making a preliminary assessment of internal audit, whereas ISA 610 does not.
This Auditing Standard does not include a separate section on the public sector as it is sector neutral. ISA 210 includes a Public Sector Perspective section.
Compliance with this Auditing Standard enables compliance with ISA 610.