Stephanidi & Lawrence (No 2) [2025] FedCFamC1F 834 (19 November 2025)

1. Decision making authority for major long-term issues is not a moot issue in this case. The evidence, particularly the DCJ records, suggest the parents have sometimes not been 'on the same page' about medical decisions for the children. It is accepted by both parents, to varying degrees, that communication has been a long-standing issue. Poor communication generally contraindicates an order for joint major long-term decision-making authority. So does the sort of intractable conflict that permeates this case.
2. Long experience in this jurisdiction indicates that sole parental responsibility is best ordered to the parent who has primary care of the children. The primary carer is simply more likely to be aware of the children's needs as they arise. An order will therefore be made for the mother to have parental responsibility in relation to long-term decisions if she remains in Australia. Should the mother unilaterally relocate, this will automatically reverse to the father. There will be a procedural mechanism introduced to ensure that the parents share information, to foreshadow future decisions, and seek consultation about those proposed major decisions, before any final decision is made.

1. The orders will provide for the father to gradually have more time with the children to minimise any adverse impact on them of change.
2. During the first month after the making of these orders, the existing time arrangements will continue in an unsupervised fashion.
3. In the second month after the making of these orders the father's prior unsupervised time arrangement will be extended to eight consecutive hours per visit.
4. From the third month after the making of these orders, one night of overnight time will be introduced each week in addition to the existing time arrangements.
5. From the sixth month after the making of these orders, a second overnight will be introduced each week, however, the third day time visit will cease.
6. From the ninth month after the making of these orders the father will spend time with the children in an alternating week by week basis. Three nights will be spent with the children in the first alternate week, and two nights with the children in the second alternate week.
7. From twelve months of the publications of these reasons for judgment, the children will spend five nights a fortnight with the father in two block periods during the school term. Failing agreement these block periods will be spaced equidistant from the beginning and end of term time.
8. From twenty-four months after the publication of these reasons for judgment the father's time with the children will become a block of five nights each fortnight. The Court acknowledges that there is a degree of arbitrariness in ordering five nights at this juncture, as opposed to six, or even seven nights each fortnight. In such a complex case, with multiple vulnerabilities of the parents and the children, a conservative approach is appropriate. Five days each fortnight will maintain the children's relationship with the father and provide a sound basis for such relationship to flourish pending further order. Failing agreement, and in an attempt to maintain some stability for the children, the five-day block time shall occur on days the children had previously seen their father on.
9. For abundant clarity, the Court finds there is no need for the father's time with the children to be supervised. Supervision will cease forthwith.

1. Until Y has turned six years old, the school holiday period will be dealt with in the same fashion as the regular occasion time for the children.
2. Between the time Y turns six and eight years old, the children will spend their school holiday time with each parent equally on a week about basis. A method for determining when such holiday time is to start and conclude, and which parent receives the first alternate week of time will be provided.
3. Following Y turning eight years old, the children shall spend equal time with both parents during holiday time. This time does not have to occur in a week about basis, provided that each parent receives equal time with the children at the conclusion of the holidays. Failing agreement, the children shall spend the holiday time with the parents in accordance with the regime provided between the time Y turned six and eight years old.

1. The children will benefit from a stable and fixed schedule of special occasion time with each parent. It is necessary for the children to see both the mother and the father in times of work and in times of leisure and celebration. The children will spend Mother's and Father's Day with the respective celebratory parent. On the children's birthday they will see both parents for a fixed period of time. On the parent's respective birthdays, if not already in their care, the parents will spend a fixed period of time with the children. The children will spend time with both parents across the Christmas period. If not in the father's care the children will spend time with him during various Jewish religious holidays.

1. The decision regarding the changeover location for the children bears hallmarks of arbitrariness but nonetheless shall be approached in a judicial manner. The Court has affirmed the benefit of the parents remaining physically separate where possible. An order providing that changeover occur at school, during the school term, aligns with this ethos and shall be made. Outside of school term, there is merit in the suggestion that the changeover should occur at a public place, near the current residence of the parents. The mother suggests that such changeover occur at a supermarket, Suburb E in this case. Given she has primary care of the children, her preferences ought to supersede that of the father as to location.
2. The mother also sought the option for the parents to be able to elect a representative attend changeover on their behalf, with notice of this choice to be conveyed to the other period no later than one hour prior to changeover occurring. This is a sensible option noting the conflict between the parents and the vicissitudes of life. It will not always be practical to provide one hour of notice to the other parent in circumstance of emergency. This order will be made with an alteration specifying that the parent must provide notice to the other of an agent appearing on their behalf as soon as practicable the possibility of the parents.

1. The Independent Children's Lawyer sought that the father continues to engage with his treating psychologist. In addition to this, leave is sought to provide a copy of these Orders and reasons for judgment to his treating psychologist. The orders currently propounded by the Independent Children's Lawyer, if made on a final basis, would arguable leave the Court without power to compel attendance at therapy, even where the order would have been in the best interests of the children (Oberlin & Infeld [2021] FamCAFC 66; (2021) FLC 94-017 at [51]- [52]); Lainhart & Ellinson [2023] FedCFamC1A 200; (2023) FLC 94-166 at [11]- [36]). The making of orders on an interim basis, however, will address this important concern. It is imperative that the father recognise and address issues underlying causes and attitudes towards family violence as identified in these reasons for judgment.
2. The Court notes the time of the delivery of these reasons for judgment and infers that it may be difficult for the father to obtain appointments on short notice across Christmas closure periods. An extended period of compliance for this order shall be made. In addition to this, the Court cannot see any issue with allowing the father to provide these orders and reasons for judgment to his treater. The father's proposal does not explicitly oppose this occurring. That component of the Independent Children's Lawyer's proposal will be made.
3. The Independent Children's Lawyer sought that the mother obtain and engage with psychiatric treatment. Whilst potentially problematic as a final order, the framing of this obligation as an interim obligation makes attendance upon a treater practicable, and amenable to a form of supervision by the Court. The father does not clearly contemplate such order being made, however, on the balance of his submissions it is clear to infer that he would not oppose such an order. Similarly, the mother does not contemplate such an order, but on the balance of her evidence it is open to surmise that she would oppose such an order. The Court has little comfort that she would seek out therapy if not imposed. There is sufficient need for the mother to attend therapy, and to grant leave for the mother to provide certain tendered material to her treaters as background. Similar to that of the father, the Court notes the difficult timing of these Court orders and provides an extended period for compliance with therapy. Orders 19-21 of the Independent Children's Lawyer's proposal will be made in varied form to recognise the Court's earlier findings.
4. The Independent Children's Lawyer's proposal further sought that the mother's engagement with therapy be a contingent factor on her continued access to the children. Noting the findings made, this Court agrees. Consequently, orders must be provided in the case of a default to comply on her behalf. The gravity of this Court's concern is such that orders in case of default must result in a complete cessation of time and communication between the children and the mother. In these circumstances it is reasonable for the matter to be relisted before the Court on fourteen days' notice in order to allow the mother to provide an explanation or a remedy to the situation.
5. In order to monitor compliance, both parents shall commission treatment reports on a six-monthly basis from their retained psychologists. These reports shall detail the treatment undertaken and any progress made. These reports shall be provided to the other parent's and Independent Children's Lawyers nominated email address. Should the father not comply with this, his time with the children shall also be suspended, and the matter shall be relisted on fourteen days' notice.

1. Little was said from the father or Independent Children's Lawyer about the necessity of parenting courses, although all were clearly on notice that the mother sought orders compelling attendance in her final proposal. Given the Court's criticism and scepticism about both the mother's and father's capacity, in the broadest sense of the of the phrase, it can only be in the children's best interests for the parents to be formally educated about parenting and safety matters. Those orders will be made and the parties shall account to one another regarding their enrolment in, and completion of, these courses.

1. The father and Independent Children's Lawyer seek that the children be placed on the Family Law Watchlist, preventing them from leaving the Commonwealth of Australia. The father presses a carve out in the orders that stipulate, upon agreement or in emergencies, that international travel be allowed. Although in contemplation of different orders, the mother seemingly agitates for the children to be allowed to travel internationally, without agreement, during their time with either parent.
2. Given that the mother has previously absconded with the children to the USA in contravention of an order of this Court and has shown no reservation in letting this Court know of her desire to return to the USA with or without the children, her orders are inappropriate. A Family Law Watchlist order shall be made, and the father's legal representatives shall bare the responsibility of informing all relevant parties of this decision.

What information should be shared between the parents

1. All parties suggest that some information should be shared between the parents, although the proposals differ on what information ought to be shared.
2. All agree that the parents should keep the other apprised of their current email address and mobile phone number, the children's education and health. These orders ought to be made. The Report Writer suggests that the parents continue communicating via Our Family Wizard. No party expressly rejects this proposal. The parties ought to have been on notice as to the possibility of a communication order being made, all having quoted and considered the Expert Report. Such an order will be made.
3. The mother suggested that the non-caring parent be informed if the children are having emergency medical attention. This is sensible and ought to be made.
4. The father and Independent Children's Lawyer sought that the father do all things to allow the mother to consult with a variety of persons and organisation in relation to the children, at her own cost. These suggestions were made on the presumption that the father would live with and possess sole decision-making responsibility for the children. There is little downside to making this order noting that the non-live with parent will also benefit from access to information about the children. The order will be made with a stipulation that the parent seeking the information shall pay for this access.
5. The mother additionally sought that the parents exchange information about the social, school or religious functions which the children are to attend, the particulars of others who may reside with the children and any other matter relevant to the child's welfare. Neither the father, nor the Independent Children's Lawyer specifically oppose orders of this specie. Similar to the above, the Court views that some benefit may flow to the children from knowing the non-live with parent is aware of their activities and is assured of their wellbeing. These orders will be made.

1. The father sought that the Court restrain the parents, their families, and any other person living with or spending time with the parents from denigrating the other. He also asked the Court to restrain each parent and third parties in their presence from discussing any parenting issue, with, or around the children.
2. The mother sought broad and varying restraints be imposed. Many such restraints are plainly inappropriate, were not put to the father, or are not within the power of this Court to make. The balance of the mother's orders will be discussed further below.
3. The Independent Children's Lawyer sought similar restraints to the father, with two further additions. The first being a blanket order preventing the parents from exposing the children to, or allowing anyone else to expose the children to, family violence. The second being a restraint on the parents from attempting to elicit from the children any views as to their living arrangements.
4. The Court views that the articulation of the non-denigration and non-discussion restraints by the father are more precise and should be made. The balance of the restraints, as articulated by the Independent Children's Lawyer, will otherwise be made.

1. Many of the orders proposed by the mother in Exhibit R5 are impracticable or beyond power. In fact, the mother sought a broad range of orders that are not addressed in either the father's or Independent Children's Lawyer's proposals. The Court accepts elements of the father's written submissions as extracted below:

11. On Friday 6 June 2025 the Mother filed a further set of final parenting orders. They were equally confusing:

...

l. Order 45.2 is "conditional upon participation in therapeutic parenting support". It is unclear what this means.

m. Order 45.3.1 is "subject to clinical endorsement". It is unclear what this means.

n. Order 46.2 being time spend on Father's Day, appears to always be supervised but Christmas Day is not supervised.

o. Order 46.4 being the Jewish Holidays, only permits telephone time.

p. Order 50, despite the other orders providing for when supervision is lifted, stipulates that supervision remain "for a minimum of 3 years" and shall be reassessed at the end of the 3 year period.

q. Orders 55-60 deal with the children making decisions in accordance with their wishes, notwithstanding the previous orders stipulating time.

r. Orders 85-88 set out a drug testing regime for the Father, not previously sought, not put to the Single Expert and not put to him in cross examination, denying the Father procedural fairness.

s. Orders 89-92 set out various restraints around the use of pornography not previously sought, not put to the Single Expert and not put to him in cross examination, denying the Father procedural fairness.

t. Order 94 seeks a restraint against the Father entering the Mothers house, not previously sought, not put to the Single Expert and not put to him in cross examination, denying the Father procedural fairness.

u. Order 99-101 seeks an "Anti-stalking clause" not previously sought, it was not put to the Single Expert and not put to him in cross examination, denying the Father procedural fairness.

v. Order 102 seeks to restrain the Father from attending the children's schools or daycares, was not previously sought, not put to the Single Expert and not put to him in cross examination, denying the Father procedural fairness.

w. Order 112 appears to be a child support departure, not previously sought, and is therefore denying the Father procedural fairness.

x. Order 113 appears to require the parties to enter into a Binding Child Support Agreement (BCSA). It is unclear what head of power the Mother relies upon in order to have the Court make this order.

12. The Mother proposes no holiday time, at all, ever.

13. The Mother's revised proposals were not put to the Single Expert for her view if they are appropriate or would maintain a meaningful relationship with the Father. Nor was the Father provided procedural fairness, including testing the Mother on her proposal.

14. It is trite to say that her revised position is at odds with her original proposal and the risks she alleges. The misguided, unfocussed and ill-considered proposals also reflect the Mother's underlying undiagnosed psychopathology.

...

1. Where not addressed above, the Court will dispose with the remaining orders sought by the mother below.
2. Order 51 is not made as it implicitly relies upon the Court making Order 50, which it expressly rejects above. Even if the Court was wrong on this point, such an order is not in the children's best interests where they will eventually spend significant overnight and holiday time with the father.
3. Orders 55-60 of the mother's proposal are not made as they are mutually exclusive with the set regular and special occasion time orders made above.
4. Orders 61-64 of the mother's proposal are not made. They are drafted in a manner which adds uncertainty at a future interval. Nothing in the evidence before the Court supports the position that the parents can effectively communicate. These orders sought, in their current form, are likely to spark conflict between the parents that will be detrimental to the children.
5. The Court has above determined the issue of communication between the parents. Where not explicitly addressed it ought to be considered that the Court has rejected Orders 66-69 of the mother's proposal.
6. Order 70 is not made as it is liable to induce conflict between the parents. Should a variation be sought, it must be done in the usual manner. This order is rejected.
7. Orders 71-74 will not be made. These are not appropriate having regard to the poor inter-parental communication and the necessity for the parents to remain physically separated.
8. Order 75 will be made in part. The children will benefit from seeing both parents attend their extra-curricular activities. Noting the history of this matter, it is not appropriate for the parents to simultaneously attend such events. A varied form of the order will be made stipulating that the parent with care of the children at the time the event be a liberty to attend.
9. Order 76 will not be made, although a separate order dealing with extra-curricular activity will be made. Order 76 is inappropriate where the father will, shortly, be spending significant time with the children.
10. Order 77 will be made with the stipulation that such interstate travel time must occur in the time the children were already scheduled to be the care of the travelling parent. A further amendment will be made stipulating a contingency on another order being met before interstate travel is permitted. This ensures that the children are old enough to cope with extended travel and time with one parent. Further, and generally, the order should be made as the children will benefit from spending leisure time in a variety of environments with each of the parents.
11. Orders 78-83 will not be made. These orders conflict with the Family Law Watchlist orders stipulated above.
12. Order 84 will be made. It is reasonable for the children to hold a passport as an alternative form of identification, and to permit them to spend time with the mother should she unilaterally relocate. Given the mother's prior departure with the children to the USA in contravention of an order of this Court, the father shall hold the children's passports. The parents shall equally contribute to the cost the children maintaining an Australian passport as there is joint utility to both parents in the documents being up-to-date if the mother unilaterally relocates.
13. Orders 103-104 will be made, as stated above, in an altered form.
14. Orders 105-109 will not be made. There was insufficient evidence lead on this issue for the Court to be satisfied that such an order would benefit the parents or the children in any measurable capacity.
15. Orders 110-111 will not be made. This proposal was not put to the father or Independent Children's Lawyer prior to its inclusion in the mother's minute of order. Both have been denied procedural fairness as a result. Nothing further can be said.
16. Order 114 will not be made. It is unclear precisely what the mother seeks, nor the power of the Court to enforce such an order.
17. Order 115 is made. It is plainly appropriate for the children's schools to be apprised of the findings of this Court such that further pastoral and protective steps can be taken as required.
18. Order 116 is made. It is again plainly appropriate that such order stand.
19. Order 117 is a nullity considering the orders forecast to be made above. Nothing more needs to be stated.
20. Order 118 is not appropriate as findings of a Court should, necessarily, be instructive and with prejudice in determining whether to vary or make further orders at a future date.
21. Order 119 is not made. The parents are unlikely, based upon the history of their conflict, to come to an independent resolution of any dispute. In any regard, no submissions were advanced as to the appropriateness of this order by the mother.
22. Order 120 is made to the extent that it be modified such that the parents have liberty to apply to this Court for issues surrounding the interpretation of these orders on fourteen days' notice.

1. The Court has done the best it can to formulate orders which will seeks to manage the diverse risks arising in this case, to minimise the conflict between the parties, and to provide a secure stable foundation for the children to grow and live.
2. Whilst general leave will be granted for the parties to relist on 14 days' notice for interpretation issues, the matter will otherwise be adjourned to a date 12 months hence for two further days of final hearing. The parties can be assured that the Court will be carefully monitoring this matter, and that the focus of the evidence at the conclusion of the upcoming final hearing will be primarily on intervening events.

I certify that the preceding four hundred and nineteen (419) numbered paragraphs are a true copy of the Reasons for Judgment of the Honourable Justice Altobelli.

1. That the Father have sole parental responsibility for the children, X born 2021 and Y born 2022 ("the children").
2. The children live with the Father.
3. The children spend time with the Mother as follows:
   • 3.1 From the date of these orders and for a period of three (3) months:

3.1.1. In week one, from 9.00am Saturday to 5.00pm Sunday.

3.1.2. In week two, on Wednesday from after school/daycare or 3.00pm to 6.00pm.

3.2. From the date three months following the making of these orders and for a further three (3) month period:

3.2.1. In week one, from after school or 3.00pm Friday to 5.00pm Sunday

3.2.2. In week two, on Wednesday from after school/daycare or 3.00pm to 6.00pm.

3.3. From the date six months following the making of these orders and for a further three (3) month period:

3.3.1. In week one, from after school/daycare or 3.00pm Friday to before school/daycare or 9.00am Monday.

3.3.2. In week two, on Wednesday from after school/daycare or 3.00pm to 6.00pm.

3.4. Thereafter, the Mother shall spend time with the children as follows:

3.4.1. In week one, from after school/daycare or 3.00pm Friday to before school/daycare or 9.00am Monday.

3.4.2. In week two, from school/daycare or 3.00pm Wednesday to before school/daycare or 9.00am Thursday.

School Holidays

1. From the time X commences primary school, during school holidays, time pursuant to Orders 2 and 3 herein shall be suspended and the children shall spend time with the parties as follows:

4.1. In the school holiday periods commencing at the conclusion of terms one, two and three, the children shall spend half of the school holidays with each parent as agreed between the parties in writing, and failing agreement as follows:

4.1.1. In even numbered years, with the Father for the first half of the school holidays and the Mother for the second half of the school holidays; and

4.1.2. In odd numbered years, with the Mother for the first half of the school holidays and the Father for the second half of the school holidays.

4.2. In the school holiday periods commencing at the conclusion of term 4, in a week about arrangement as follows:

4.2.1. In even numbered years, with the Father for the first week and each alternate week thereafter and with the Mother for the second week and each alternate week thereafter; and

4.2.2. In odd numbered years, with the Mother for the first week and each alternate week thereafter and the Father for the second week and each alternate week thereafter.

5.1. The school holiday period shall commence at the conclusion of school on the last day of each school term and shall conclude at the commencement of school on the first day of the following school term

5.2. Changeover shall occur at 12.00pm on changeover day.

5.3. At the start of each school term, living arrangements as set out in these orders shall recommence in the same pattern as if there had been no suspension of time during the completed school holidays.

Special Occasions

1. That unless otherwise agreed between the parties, notwithstanding any other order, the child spend time with the parties on special occasions as follows:

6.1. On Father's Day, from 9.00am to 5.00pm with the Father.

6.2. On Mother's Day, from 9.00am to 5.00pm with the Mother.

6.3. On each of the children's birthdays:

6.3.1. If the children are in the Mother's care, with the Father from 9.00am until 2.00pm provided the birthday does not fall on a school day, or from 3.00pm to 6.00pm if the birthday falls on a school day.

6.3.2. If the children are in Father's care, with the Mother from 9.00am until 2.00pm provided the birthday does not fall on a school day, or from 3.00pm to 6.00pm if the birthday falls on a school day.

6.4. On the Father's birthday, if the Father does not otherwise have care of the children, from 9.00am until 2.00pm provided the birthday does not fall on a school day, or from 3.00pm to 6.00pm if the birthday falls on a school day.

6.5. On the Mother's birthday, if the Mother does not otherwise have care of the children, from 9.00am until 2.00pm provided the birthday does not fall on a school day, or from 3.00pm to 6.00pm if the birthday falls on a school day.

6.6. On Christmas as follows:

6.6.1. In even numbered years, with the Father from 3.00pm Christmas Eve to 3.00pm Christmas Day, and with the Mother from 3.00pm Christmas Day to 3.00pm Boxing Day.

6.6.2. In odd numbered years, with the Mother from 3.00pm Christmas Eve to 3.00pm Boxing Day, and with the Father from 3.00pm Christmas Eve to 3.00pm Boxing Day.

6.7. At Passover, if the children are not otherwise in the Father's care, with the Father from after school or 3.00pm to 8.00pm.

6.8. On the first day of Rosh Hashanah, if the children are not otherwise in the Father's care, with the Father from 9.00am to 5.00pm.

6.9. On Yom Kippur, if the children are not otherwise in the Father's care, with the Father from 9.00am to 5.00pm.

Changeover

1. That unless otherwise agreed between the parties in writing, for the purpose of changeover of the child pursuant to these Orders:

7.1. Where changeover is to occur at the commencement or conclusion of school/daycare, changeover shall occur at the children's school/daycare.

7.2. On a non-school day or where the children are not in attendance at school/daycare, changeover shall occur at the residence of the parent receiving the child.

Communication

1. That the parties each have and facilitate reasonable telephone or Facetime communication with the children and the other parent as agreed.

1. The Father shall keep the Mother informed via SMS or email communication regarding the children's education and health.
2. The Mother and Father shall keep each other informed at all times of their current email address and mobile phone number.
3. The Father shall do such things, acts, and deeds and sign all documents reasonably necessary to enable the Mother to consult with the following persons and organisations in relation to the children:

(a) The children's principal doctors in relation to any medical condition from which a child may now or in the future suffer or be diagnosed as suffering;

(b) The Principal, relevant School Teachers, Staff and School Counsellors of the School(s) and/or child care and/or after school care attended by the children from time to time;

(c) The Manager, relevant Teachers/Day Care Workers and Staff of any day care centre attended by the children from time to time;

(d) The Teachers/Instructors of each child in any extracurricular activity in which either child is involved, such as Dance, Sport, and the like;

(e) Any Counsellor a child may consult, and the Mother shall be solely responsible for all costs in relation to such consultations.

Interstate Travel

1. That the Mother and Father may travel interstate with the children during any period of time that the children are in their care, provided that:

12.1. The travelling party provide to the other party at least two (2) weeks' notice in writing of their interstate travel plans, or in the case of an emergency seven (7) days notice;

12.2. The travelling party provides a copy of the travel itinerary and contact details for the children while interstate, seven (7) days prior to the intended travel.

Overseas Travel

1. That pending further order, or else subject to the authenticated consent of both parties, each party, (MR STEPHANIDI, born in 1978 and MS LAWRENCE, born in 1988 ) their servants and/or agents be and are hereby restrained for removing or attempting to remove or causing or permitting the removal of the sale child/children (X, born 2021, and Y, born 2022) from the Commonwealth of Australia; AND IT IS REQUESTED that the Australian Federal Police give effect to this order by placing the names of the said children on the Family Law Watchlist in force at all points of arrival and departure in the Commonwealth of Australia and maintain the children's names on the Watchlist until the Court orders its removal, or with the consent of all parties.
2. The parties are restrained from removing the children from the Commonwealth of Australia without first satisfying the following terms and conditions, unless agreed otherwise between the parties in writing and in case of an emergency:

14.1. The party travelling with the children must give the other party not less than four (4) weeks written notice of their intention to travel.

14.2. The party travelling with the children must give the other party a written itinerary of the departure and return dates of the children, the country or countries the children will be travelling to, details of where the children will be staying each night, details of who will be staying with the children each night and the telephone number and address where the children can be contacted not less than twenty eight (28) days before the proposed departure date.

14.3. The party travelling with the children must provide the other party with a copy of the children's plane tickets, showing a return plane ticket to the Commonwealth of Australia not less than twenty eight (28) days before the proposed departure date.

14.4. The party travelling with the children must obtain travel insurance for the children and give the other party evidence of same.

1. Provided the conditions set out in Order 14 have been complied with, the party not travelling with the children must either provide, in writing, written reasons why the children should not travel overseas, or otherwise must do all things and sign all documents necessary so as to enable the party to remove the children from the Commonwealth of Australia and otherwise in accordance with order 14, including but not limited to providing authenticated consent in the form of a signed statutory declaration indicating that both parties consent to the children leaving Australia for the relevant period.
2. The Applicant Father shall hold the children's passports.
3. The Applicant Father must give the children's passports to the Mother at least two (2) days prior to any agreed travel with the children and the Mother shall return the passport to the Mother within seven (7) of her return to Australia.

1. The parties are restrained from denigrating each other, members of the other party's family or any other person with whom they may live in a bona fide domestic relationship in the presence or hearing of the children or permitting any third person to do so.
2. That neither party is to discuss any parenting issues or the contents of any documents filed in these proceedings with the children or in the presence of the children and will prevent any third party from doing so

1. These Orders are made in full and final settlement of all parenting matters concerning the children X (born 2021) and Y (born 2022 ).
2. These Orders are made pursuant to the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), particularly sections 60CA, 60CC, 61DA, and 65D(2).

PART B - PRIMARY ORDERS (Relocation to the United States Permitted)

1. That should the Court permit the Mother to relocate with the children to the United States of America, then the following Orders 4 - 41 shall apply:

1. The Mother shall have sole parental responsibility for the children.

1. That the children shall live with the Mother in the United States of America.

1. That the Mother be permitted to relocate the children permanently to the United States of America.

1. That the children shall spend time with and communicate with the Father as follows:
   • 7.1 From the date of these Orders until once Y reaches 6 years of age, or commences primary school (whichever occurs later)
     • 7.1.1 One 30-minute video call per week on Sunday at 7:00pm (State D time) via Zoom or FaceTime, supervised by the Mother or a designated adult.
     • 7.1.2 One visit per year, during the U.S. summer holidays, for 10 consecutive days, supervised by a professional service or a mutually agreed relative.
     • 7.1.3 The mother shall travel to Australia once per year in January to spend time with the children to celebrate the father's birthday, for a period of 2-3 weeks. The costs of the travel and accommodation for this visit shall be borne by the mother.
   • 7.2 Once Y reaches 10 years of age

7.2.1 Two 30-minute video calls per week, on Sundays and Wednesdays, or as a mutually agreed time.

7.2.2 Annual in-person supervised visit for up to 14 consecutive days.

7.2.3 The mother shall travel to Australia once per year in January to spend time with the children to celebrate the father's birthday, for a period of 2-3 weeks. The costs of the travel and accommodation for this visit shall be borne by the mother.

7.3 Once Y reaches 13 years of age, or commences high school or equivalent (whichever occurs later)

7.3.1 The children may travel to Australia or another agreed location for two weeks annually, subject to approval of a treating psychologist confirming the children are emotionally ready, and flights being accompanied or supervised unless otherwise agreed.

7.3.2 The children shall travel to Australia once per year in January to spend time with the children to celebrate the father's birthday, for a period of 2-4 weeks. The costs of the travel and accommodation for this visit shall be borne by the father.

7.3.3 Video calls up to 3 times weekly.

SPECIAL OCCASIONS AND HOLIDAYS

1. Subject to the children's developmental needs, safety, and psychological readiness, as assessed by a treating clinician or a treating psychologist or child mental health professional, the following arrangements apply for special occasions where the children reside with the Mother in the United States of America:

8.1 Father's Day - Australian Father's Day (first Sunday in September):

8.1.1 The Father shall have a 1-hour video call with the children between 9:00am and 10:00am Sydney time.

8.2 U.S. Father's Day (third Sunday in June):

8.2.1 The Father shall have a 1-hour video call with the children at 7:00pm State D time.

8.3 Mother's Day - U.S. Mother's Day (second Sunday in May):

8.3.1 The children shall spend the day with the Mother and no contact or video time is required with the Father.

8.4 Australian Mother's Day (if distinct observance acknowledged by the children):

8.4.1 Acknowledged as U.S. Mother's Day unless otherwise agreed by the parties.

8.5 Christmas Eve (24 December):

8.5.1 The children shall reside with the Mother. The Father shall be permitted a 30-

minute video call between 2:00pm and 2:30pm State D time.

8.6 Christmas Day (25 December):

8.6.1 In odd-numbered years, the children shall spend the morning with the Mother

and the evening (6:00pm to 7:00pm State D time) on a supervised video call

with the Father.

8.6.2 In even-numbered years, the order shall be reversed, with the Father having a 1-hour morning call, and the Mother spending the rest of the day with the children.

8.7 Boxing Day (26 December):

8.7.1 The children shall remain with the Mother. The Father may have a 30-minute

video call between 6:00pm and 6:30pm State D time.

8.8 Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year - 2 days)

8.8.1 The children may participate in a 15-30-minute video call per day with the

Father, between 6:00pm-7:00pm State D time, unless it coincides with school

or religious observance of the Mother.

8.9 Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)

8.9.1 The children may participate in a short video call (15 minutes) the day before

the fast begins, subject to timing and availability.

8.10 Passover (First Seder Night)

8.10.1 The children may participate in a 30-minute video call on the evening of the first night of Passover (local U.S. time), if the Father is observing and requests it via OFW 14 days in advance.

8.11 Hanukkah (8 nights)

8.11.1 The children may participate in one (1) 30-minute video call during the 8-day festival, at a time agreed by both parties or defaulted to the third night at 6:00pm State D time.

FLEXIBILITY AND BEST INTERESTS CLAUSE

1. All special occasion calls are virtual/video only unless in-person contact coincides with

scheduled travel or court-approved arrangements.

10. Calls must be facilitated through a secure and private platform (e.g., Zoom, FaceTime) and recorded or monitored if required for safety.

11. All video calls are subject to the children's availability, well-being, and nap/sleep schedules and may be rescheduled within 24 hours by the Mother with notice via Our Family Wizard ("OFW").

12. The parties may, by written agreement, vary these arrangements with at least 7 days' notice.

13. All communication must be child-focused and age-appropriate. Where clinically advised, calls may be paused or limited to prevent re-traumatization or regression of the children's emotional development.

14. Parties are encouraged to exchange child-centred messages, cards, or photos in lieu of real-time contact where necessary.

CHILD-INITIATED CONTACT

1. The progression through these stages shall be guided by the children's best interests and their adjustment to the gradual increase of time.
2. As the children mature, they shall be encouraged to express their wishes regarding how and when they wish to communicate or spend time with the Father, including any overseas travel and return to Australia on a permanent basis.
3. The parents shall respect the children's expressed wishes and comfort levels regarding timing, method, and frequency of communication or time together.
4. No child shall be forced or coerced to participate in contact that they are not emotionally or developmentally comfortable with or in the event that they do not wish to do so.
5. That any overnight time spent with the Father shall occur only, where the children have freely expressed a clear and uncoerced wish to do so; and subject to the children's developmental needs, safety, and psychological readiness, as assessed by a treating clinician or a treating psychologist or child mental health professional, confirming that such contact would not place the children at any risk of harm.

RESIDENTIAL AUTONOMY ON HIGH SCHOOL COMMENCEMENT

20. Upon reaching the age of 13, or upon each of the children's commencement of high school - whichever is later - the children shall be permitted to express a preference as to which parent they wish to live with on a full-time or part-time basis.

21. Prior to any change in residence being implemented, the child shall be assessed by a treating psychologist to confirm the child's views are independent, developmentally informed, and not influenced by coercion.

22. The parties agree that such preferences shall be considered with weight and respect, and not dismissed without due consideration of the children's best interests and any clinical advice.

23. The parties agree that such preferences shall be given weight and not dismissed without due consideration of the psychologist's recommendations and the best interests of the children.

MEDICAL AND EDUCATIONAL DECISION-MAKING

24. The Mother shall make all decisions regarding medical, educational, psychological, and dental care, and shall notify the Father of major developments via OFW.

25. That the parents shall keep one another informed at all times of:

25.1 Their current email contact telephone number and advise the other parent of a change in such details within 24 hours of such change occurring;

25.2 Any medical problems or illnesses suffered by the children while in their respective care; and

25.3 Any medication that has been prescribed for the children;

25.4 Any social, school or religious functions which the children are to attend;

25.5 Particulars of the others who may reside with the children; and

25.6 Any other matter relevant to the child's welfare.

1. That in the event of the child suffering a medical emergency requiring medical attention whilst in the care of either parent, the other parent is to be notified within (60 minutes)/1 hour.

1. That unless otherwise agreed between the parents, each parent be at liberty to communicate with the children by telephone/and or video call prior to 8pm when the children are not otherwise in that parent's care pursuant to these Orders, and the parent the children are living with at that time shall do all things necessary to facilitate such communication.
2. That during any communication pursuant to Order 27 above, the parent the children are living with shall ensure the children have privacy during communication with the other parent.
3. That unless otherwise agreed between the parents, the parents shall communicate with each other via OFW in respect to any changes to the parenting arrangements and, on a without admissions basis, are restrained from using the children to request and/or communicate any changes in parenting arrangements to the other party.
4. In the event of a child-safety emergency, either parent be at liberty to contact the other parent by telephone.
5. Video calls may occur on Sunday evenings between 6:00pm and 7:30pm State D time, subject to child readiness.

1. The Mother is authorized to obtain, hold, and use Australian and/or U.S. passports for the children, including education, family connection, and medical care.
2. That both parents will do all things and sign all documents to ensure that at all times the children at all times have a valid passport and, unless otherwise agreed between the parties, the Mother will be solely responsible for all costs associated with renewal of the passports as and when they fall due.

1. The Father be solely responsible for the costs of his own travel, accommodation, and supervision arrangements for any time spent with the children. The Mother may make voluntary contributions at her discretion, but such contributions shall not create any precedent, legal obligation or enforceable expectation.

PARENTING COURSES

35. That the parents, shall:

35.1 Enrol in and complete a parenting course approved by a registered provider within 60 days of the date of these Orders.

35.2 Enrol in and complete an anger management or emotion regulation course, which may include "Managing Strong Emotions" or "Taking Responsibility" or "Tuning into Kids" or "Circle of Security Parenting" (Parenting After Separation, F Family Services or equivalent) within 60 days of the date of these Orders.

35.3 Enrol in a domestic violence prevention or behaviour change program if recommended within 60 days of the date of these Orders.

1. That upon completion of the above programs, the parent shall provide to the other party written confirmation of enrolment and completion, within 7 days of receiving such confirmation.
2. That the Mother will cover the Father's costs of these programs.

WAIVER OF CHILD SUPPORT AND FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS

1. The Mother agrees that, by relocating the children to the United States and assuming full financial responsibility for their care and upbringing, she formally waives any right to claim child support or financial contributions from the Father under the Child Support (Assessment) Act 1989 (Cth) or any other Commonwealth or State law.
2. The parties agree to enter into:

39.1 Binding Child Support Agreement (BCSA) pursuant to section 80C of the Child Support (Assessment) Act 1989 (Cth); and

39.2 Financial Agreement under Part VIIIA of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), which together shall confirm the Mother's waiver of all rights to present and future financial contributions or claims (including but not limited to daycare, primary, secondary, and university education (including tuition, enrolment fees, uniforms, excursions, and supplies); medical, dental, and mental health expenses (excluding those covered by insurance); technology (e.g. mobile phones, tablets, laptops), internet plans, and associated communication costs; Clothing, toiletries, and general living costs; transport costs including cars, registration, licensing, insurance, and maintenance; extracurricular activities, school trips, and recreational programs. child support, maintenance, education, travel, housing, clothing, health care, and tertiary costs from the Father.

1. This waiver shall apply irrespective of the children's age, school level, or residence within the United States, and until and unless set aside by a court of competent jurisdiction for fraud, duress, or significant material change not contemplated by the agreement.
2. The Respondent Father may make voluntary contributions at his discretion, but such contributions shall not create any precedent, legal obligation, or enforceable expectation.

PART C - ALTERNATIVE/FALLBACK ORDERS (Relocation Refused)

1. In the alternative, if the Court does not permit the Mother to relocate, then the following Orders 43 - 115 shall apply:

1. The Mother shall have sole parental responsibility for the children.

1. The children shall live with the Mother in the Sydney metropolitan region or such other location as she may lawfully reside within New South Wales.

1. That the Children shall spend time with and communicate with the Father as follows:

45.1 From the date of these orders until once Y reaches 6 years of age, or commences primary school (whichever occurs later):

45.1.1 Mondays and Wednesdays from either 8:30am to 1:00pm or 1:30pm to 6:00pm, supervised by an approved professional.

45.1.2 Every second Saturday from 8.30am to 1:00pm or 1:30pm to 6:00pm, also supervised.

45.2 Once Y reaches 10 years of age until before Y starts high school or equivalent:

45.2.1 One overnight supervised visit per fortnight (Friday after school to Saturday 6:30pm) conditional upon participation in therapeutic parenting support.

45.2.2 Alternate week mid-week visit (Wednesday after school to 6:30pm).

45.3 Once Y reaches 13 years of age, or commences high school or equivalent (whichever occurs later)

45.3.1 Children may commence unsupervised weekend time (Friday after school to Saturday 7:00pm), subject to clinical endorsement.

45.3.2 Alternate week mid-week visit (Tuesday after school to before school Wednesday).

SPECIAL OCCASIONS AND HOLIDAYS

1. That the Children shall spend time with and communicate with the Father on special occasions and holidays as follows:

46.1 Mother's Day:

46.1.1 The children shall be with the Mother from 9:00am to 6:00pm on the day.

46.2 Father's Day:

46.2.1 The children shall spend time with the Father from 10:00am to 4:00pm, supervised.

46.3 Christmas Period:

46.3.1 Christmas Eve and Day: In odd-numbered years, children spend Christmas Eve and morning with the Mother, and Christmas afternoon with the Father. In even- numbered years, reversed.

46.3.2 Boxing Day: Always with Mother.

46.4 Jewish Holidays (if requested):

46.4.1 Rosh Hashanah (2 days): One 30-minute video call per day, or as otherwise agreed.

46.4.2 Yom Kippur: One 15-minute video call the day before the fast, or as otherwise agreed.

46.4.3 Passover (first Seder): 30-minute video call, or as otherwise agreed.

46.4.4 Hanukkah: One 30-minute call over the 8-day period, or as otherwise agreed.

CHANGEOVERS

1. That, for the purpose of Orders 45 and 46, unless otherwise agreed between the parties in writing, changeover shall occur at the children's daycare/preschool/school (as is relevant) when the children are at daycare/preschool/school (as is relevant) and at a supermarket, Suburb E at the commencement and cessation of time with the Father when the Children are not at daycare/preschool/school), or at a public location or supervised contact centre, as otherwise mutually agreed between the parties.
2. That each of the parties may have a representative attend on their behalf at changeover, including a family member or partner.
3. That, if either party (or their representative) is unable to attend changeover, notice should be provided to the other party as soon as is practicable and not less than one hour prior to the changeover time.

1. All contact shall remain supervised for a minimum of 3 years, and shall be reassessed at the end of the 3 year period, or these Orders are varied by mutual consent or Court Order.
2. Supervision Orders to be reviewed in 2034 or prior to high school commencement, unless discharged earlier.

1. The Mother shall make all decisions regarding medical, educational, psychological, and dental care, and shall notify the Father of major developments via Our Family Wizard ("OFW").
2. That the parents shall keep one another informed at all times of:

53.1 Their current email contact telephone number and advise the other parent of a change in such details within 24 hours of such change occurring;

53.2 Any medical problems or illnesses suffered by the children while in their respective care; and

53.3 Any medication that has been prescribed for the children;

53.4 Any social, school or religious functions which the children are to attend;

53.5 Particulars of the others who may reside with the children; and

53.6 Any other matter relevant to the child's welfare.

1. That in the event of the child suffering a medical emergency requiring medical attention whilst in the care of either parent the other parent is to be notified within (60 minutes)/1 hour.

1. The progression through these stages shall be guided by the children's best interests and their adjustment to the gradual increase of time.
2. As the children mature, they shall be encouraged to express their wishes regarding how and when they wish to communicate or spend time with the Father.
3. The Father shall respect the children's expressed wishes and comfort levels regarding timing, method, and frequency of communication or time together.
4. No child shall be forced or coerced to participate in contact that they are not emotionally or developmentally comfortable with or in the event that they do not wish to do so.
5. That any overnight time spent with the Father shall occur only, where the children have freely expressed a clear and uncoerced wish to do so; and subject to the children's developmental needs, safety, and psychological readiness, as assessed by a treating clinician or a treating psychologist or child mental health professional, confirming that such contact would not place the children at any risk of harm (psychological, traumatisation, or sexual abuse).
6. As the children mature, they shall be encouraged to express their wishes regarding how and when they wish to communicate or spend time with the Father, including any overseas travel to the United States of America on a permanent basis.

1. Upon reaching the age of 13, or upon each of the children's commencement of high school, the children shall be permitted to express a preference as to which parent they wish to live with on a full-time or part-time basis.
2. Prior to any change in residence being implemented, the child shall be assessed by a treating psychologist to confirm the child's views are independent, developmentally informed, and not influenced by coercion.
3. The parties agree that such preferences shall be considered with weight and respect, and not dismissed without due consideration of the children's best interests and any clinical advice.
4. The parties agree that such preferences shall be given weight and not dismissed without due consideration of the psychologist's recommendations and the best interests of the children.

1. That unless otherwise agreed between the parents, each parent be at liberty to communicate with the children by telephone/and or video call prior to 8pm State D time when the children are not otherwise in that parent's care pursuant to these Orders, and the parent the children are living with at that time shall do all things necessary to facilitate such communication.
2. That during any communication pursuant to Order 65 above, the parent the children are living with shall ensure the children have privacy during communication with the other parent.
3. That unless otherwise agreed between the parents, the parents shall communicate with each other via OFW in respect to any changes to the parenting arrangements and, on a without admissions basis, are restrained from using the children to request and/or communicate any changes in parenting arrangements to the other party.
4. In the event of a child-safety emergency, either parent be at liberty to contact the other parent by telephone.
5. Video calls may occur on Sunday evenings between 6:00pm and 7:00pm State D time, subject to child readiness.

1. Either party may seek a variation upon 7 days' written notice.

1. That the Mother and the Father shall immediately notify the other parent in the event that they are incapable of caring for the children and shall cause the children to be placed in the care of the other parent for the period of their incapacity.

1. In the event the Father is unable to personally exercise scheduled time with the children, he shall offer the Mother the opportunity to care for the children during that time before arranging any alternative care, including with extended family, friends, or paid carers.
2. The Mother shall be notified as soon as practicable and not less than 24 hours in advance (except in emergencies).
3. This clause applies to all scheduled contact and overnight visits.

1. That the parents shall both be entitled to attend all events involving the children including:

75.1 Sporting fixtures;

75.2 Extracurricular activities that allow for parental attendance;

75.3 School functions and events that allow for parental attendance including but not limited to concerts, school assemblies, sports days, parent and teacher interviews, canteen duties and social functions; and

75.4 The parent who has the children in their care on the day of such activity will be responsible for their day-to-day care at such event.

1. That unless otherwise agreed between the parents, the Father be restrained from enrolling the children in any extra-curricular activity of a sporting, art, craft, or out-of-school educational nature, or from engaging out-of-school tutors unless the Mother agrees to:

76.1 Within 7 days of enrolling the children in any extra-curricular activity or engaging a tutor, notify the other parent of the details as to the commitments, including but not limited the names, contact details, and nature or purpose of the extra-curricular activity or tutorage;

76.2 Agree on the costs of such activity and their respective contributions towards the costs and, failing agreement, the parent who has enrolled the children in the extra-curricular activity or engaged the tutor shall be solely responsible for the costs of same; and

76.3 Ensure that the children's enrolment and participation in the extracurricular activity or tutorage does not impose upon the children's time with the other parent; and

76.4 Ensure the attendance and participation of the children during the period of the time that the child lives with each of them.

INTERSTATE TRAVEL

1. That in the event either parent wishes to take the children on a holiday interstate within Australia then the parent proposing such holiday shall notify the other parent no less than 14 days prior to the departure date of such proposed trip, and shall provide to the other parent at that time the following information:

77.1 The proposed itinerary;

77.2 The address of where the children will be staying; and

77.3 The proposed period of such trip.

OVERSEAS TRAVEL

1. That pursuant to section 65Y of the Act the Mother and Father permitted to remove the children from the Commonwealth of Australia to travel overseas during the time the children live with them
2. That in the event the Mother or Father is travelling with the children outside the Commonwealth of Australia:

79.1 The travelling parent will provide the other parent with at least 28 days prior written notice of the intended trip, with such notice to include the proposed dates and destination;

79.2 The travelling party will provide the other party with 21 days prior written notice of the confirmed dates and times by way of a copy of the airline ticket and/or booking reference number (in the event the ticket number is not issued until check in) and travel itinerary including but not limited to the listing of countries to be visited, the names of the airline(s) or cruiser(s) the children will be travelling on, return ticketing details, travel insurance details and the address and contact details for the children's for the duration of their trip; and

79.3 The travelling party will facilitate the non-travelling party having contact with the children during the trip, via telephone, FaceTime or Skype on each alternate day.

PASSPORTS

1. That unless otherwise agreed between the parents, at those times when the children are not travelling overseas pursuant to these Orders, the Mother will hold the passports for the children.
2. That upon compliance with Order 80 above, the parent holding a child's passport will deliver the passport to the other parent not later than 21 days prior to overseas travel, or for other identity purpose.
3. That at the request of the other parent, each parent will scan & email to the other the passport, clearly showing the expiry date.
4. That the parent travelling with the children will return one child's passports to the other parent within 7 days of the return from overseas.
5. That both parents will do all things and sign all documents to ensure that at all times the children at all times have a valid passport and, unless otherwise agreed between the parties, the Father will be solely responsible for all costs associated with renewal of the passports as and when they fall due.

1. The Father shall submit to random urine drug screening at the request of the Mother, limited to no more than once per month, with 7 days' notice.
2. All tests must be conducted at a NATA-accredited laboratory, with results disclosed to both parties within 48 hours.
3. A positive result or refusal to undergo testing may result in an immediate suspension of time spent with the children, pending judicial review.
4. If at any time there is credible evidence of the father exposing the children to illicit drugs, these Orders shall be reviewed forthwith upon application by either party.

1. The Father shall not access, view, store, or distribute any form of pornography or sexually explicit content while the children are in his care, presence, or proximity.
2. The Father shall ensure that all devices used by him during time with the children (including phones, tablets, laptops, smart TVs, or gaming systems) are free from pornography and password-protected against access to such material.
3. If at any time there is credible evidence of the father exposing the children to pornography, these Orders shall be reviewed forthwith upon application by either party.
4. Any breach of this clause may result in the immediate suspension of all contact time, subject to judicial review.

1. That without admissions and pursuant to Section 68B(1) of the Act the parents be and hereby are restrained by injunction from:

93.1 Abusing, denigrating, demeaning or belittling the other parent, their partner and/or members of their family in the presence of or hearing of the children; and

93.2 Allowing or permitting any other person to abuse, denigrate, demean or belittle the other party, their parent and/or members of their family in the presence of or hearing of the children where that party is present.

RESTRAINTS

1. That unless otherwise agreed between the parents in writing, on a without admissions basis, the Father be restrained from entering the home of the Mother without prior express consent and strictly in the case of an emergency concerning the children.
2. That the Mother and the Father each be restrained by injunction from doing or saying anything to the children, or in the presence or hearing of the children, which is derogatory of the other parent, or detrimental to the relationship each party has with the children.
3. That pursuant to section 68B of the Act and on a without admissions basis, the Mother and the Father are each restrained by injunction from discussing with or questioning the children about any of the following:

96.1 The current family law proceedings including, but not limited to:

96.1.1 Any material filed by any party in these proceedings;

96.1.2 Any material produced on subpoena in these proceedings; and

96.1.3 Any reports that may be prepared for the purpose of these proceedings; and

96.1.4 The children's preferred living and spend time with arrangements.

1. The Mother and the Father each be restrained by injunction from posting comments on social media which are derogatory or defamatory of the other parent.
2. If at any time there is credible evidence of the father making threats of violence towards the children or the mother, these Orders shall be reviewed forthwith upon application by either party.

1. The Father shall not follow, monitor, surveil, attend within 100 metres of, or cause any third party to observe or make unsolicited contact with the Mother or any location she frequents, including her residence, place of worship, employment, or childcare services.
2. The Father must not use any digital, electronic, or online means (including social media, location tracking, or messaging platforms) to surveil, intimidate, or harass the Mother.
3. Any breach of this clause shall be grounds for the immediate suspension of all contact, subject to urgent review by the Court.

102.1 Attend the children's schools, daycares, medical appointments or residences without the written consent of the Mother;

102.2 Contact service providers (e.g., schools, medical clinics) in a manner that is harassing, intimidating, or undermining of the Mother's role.

PARENTING EDUCATION

103.1 Enrol in and complete a parenting course approved by a registered provider within 60 days of the date of these Orders.

103.2 Enrol in and complete an anger management or emotion regulation course, which may include "Managing Strong Emotions" or "Taking Responsibility" or "Tuning into Kids" or "Circle of Security Parenting" (Parenting After Separation, F Family Services or equivalent) within 60 days of the date of these Orders.

103.3 Enrol in a domestic violence prevention or behaviour change program if recommended within 60 days of the date of these Orders.

1. That upon completion of the above programs, the parent shall provide to the other party written confirmation of enrolment and completion, within 7 days of receiving such confirmation.

1. A Parenting Coordinator shall be appointed to assist with implementation and communication of these Orders, as offered by Parenting After Separation or another comparable provider approved in writing by the Mother or the Court.
2. The Parenting Coordinator shall be jointly selected or appointed by the Court from the Court's approved panel.
3. The scope of the Coordinator's authority shall include dispute resolution of minor parenting disagreements, coordination of transitions, and supporting compliance.
4. The costs of the Parenting Coordinator shall be borne entirely by the Father, unless otherwise agreed in writing or further ordered by the Court.
5. The Parenting Coordinator shall report any serious non-compliance, coercive behaviour, or safeguarding concerns to the Court upon request.

1. That the children be permitted to engage in trauma-informed psychological therapy at the discretion of the Mother.
2. That no objection be raised by the Father regarding such services unless approved by a Court.

WAIVER OF CHILD SUPPORT AND FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS

1. The Father assumes full financial responsibility for the children's education and medical costs, and agrees that he formally waives any right to claim child support or financial contributions from the Mother under the Child Support (Assessment) Act 1989 (Cth) or any other Commonwealth or State law.
2. The parties agree to enter into a Binding Child Support Agreement (BCSA) pursuant to section 80C of the Child Support (Assessment) Act 1989 (Cth), which shall confirm the Father's waiver of all rights to present and future financial contributions or claims (including but not limited to child support, maintenance, education, travel, housing, clothing, health care, and tertiary costs) from the Mother. This waiver shall apply irrespective of the children's age, school level, or residence within Australia, and until and unless set aside by a court of competent jurisdiction for fraud, duress, or significant material change not contemplated by the agreement.
3. Any contributions by the Mother shall not create any precedent, legal obligation, or enforceable expectation.

1. Leave is granted to each party to provide a sealed copy of these Orders to H School or such other school as the children may be enrolled.

1. The parties shall communicate respectfully and, in a child-focused manner, regarding the children.
2. Any significant decisions regarding the children's health, education, and welfare shall be made by the Mother in accordance with her sole parental responsibility. The Mother shall keep the Father reasonably informed of these decisions.
3. These Orders are made without prejudice to either party seeking further or varied Orders in the future.

PART D - ANCILLARY/ADDITIONAL TERMS

DISPUTE RESOLUTION

1. That prior to instituting any further court application (excluding urgent matters), the parties attend a Family Dispute Resolution conference or mediation.

1. Liberty to apply on 7 days' notice in relation to any part of these Orders.

1. These Orders are mutually exclusive. Only one set (Part B or Part C) shall take effect depending on the relocation outcome.

1. That the mother deliver the children X and Y to Child Dispute Services of the Sydney Registry of the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia by no later than 9:30am on the date on which judgment is to be delivered by His Honour, Justice Altobelli.
2. That the father be permitted to collect X and Y from Child Dispute Services.
3. That a Court Child Expert be requested to assist in relation to the above and providing such support to X and Y as may be required.
4. That the mother leave the Court precinct immediately following the delivery of judgment by His Honour, Justice Altobelli.

Orders

Parental Responsibility and Decision Making

1. That the father have sole parental responsibility in respect of all major long-term issues, and in the exercise of this responsibility the father shall have sole decision-making authority in relation to matters associated with the care, welfare and development for X, born 2021 and Y born 2022 ("the children").
2. The father is to notify the Mother in writing within seven (7) days of any decision being made in accordance with Order 5 above.

1. That the children live with the father.
2. That for a period of six (6) months following the date of the making of these Orders, and being for a total of no less than 13 occasions, the children spend time with the mother under supervision of NN Family Services, or any other supervision service as agreed between the Mother and the Father in writing, for three (3) hours each alternate Saturday from 9am until 12pm midday, with the cost of such supervision to be borne by the father.
3. Thereafter, the children shall spend time with the mother as follows:

9.1 For a period of three (3) months on each alternate Saturday from 9:00am until 4:00pm;

9.2 Thereafter for a period of three (3) months on each alternate weekend from 9:00am Saturday until 4:00pm Sunday;

9.3 Thereafter in week 1, from 3:00pm or the conclusion of pre-school, day care or school on Friday until 9:00am or the commencement of pre-school, day care or school on Monday, each alternate weekend; and in week 2, from 3:00pm or the conclusion of preschool, day care or school on Wednesday until 9:00am or the commencement of preschool, day care or school on Thursday.

1. Upon time commencing pursuant to Order 9 above, the Children spend additional time with each parent on special occasions as follows:

10.1 On Father's Day, from 9.00am to 5.00pm with the Father.

10.2 On Mother's Day, from 9.00am to 5.00pm with the Mother.

10.3 On each of the children's birthdays:

10.3.1 If the children are in the Mother's care, with the Father from 9.00am until 2.00pm provided the birthday does not fall on a school day, or from 3.00pm to 6.00pm if the birthday falls on a school day.

10.3.2 If the children are in Father's care, with the Mother from 9.00am until 2.00pm provided the birthday does not fall on a school day, or from 3.00pm to 6.00pm if the birthday falls on a school day.

10.4 At Christmas as follows:

10.4.1 In even numbered years, with the Father from 3:00pm Christmas Eve to 3:00pm Christmas Day, and with the Mother from 3:00pm Christmas Day to 6:00pm Boxing Day.

10.4.2 In odd numbered years, with the Mother from 3:00pm Christmas Eve to 3:00pm Boxing Day, and with the Father from 3:00pm Boxing Day.

10.5 At Passover, if the children are not otherwise in the Father's care, with the Father from after school or 3.00pm to 8.00pm.

10.6 On the first day of Rosh Hashanah, if the children are not otherwise in the Father's care, with the Father from 9.00am to 5.00pm.

10.7 On Yorn Kippur, if the children are not otherwise in the Father's care, with the Father from 9.00am to 5.00pm.

1. Upon the commencement of Order 9.3 above, the children spend time with the mother during NSW school holiday periods as follows:

11.1 At the conclusion of Terms 1, 2 and 3:

11.1.1 In even numbered years, with the Father for the first half of the school holidays and the Mother for the second half of the school holidays; and

11.1.2 In odd numbered years, with the Mother for the first half of the school holidays and the Father for the second half of the school holidays.

11.2 At the conclusion of Term 4:

11.2.1 In even numbered years, with the Father for the first week and each alternate week thereafter and with the Mother for the second week and each alternate week thereafter; and

11.2.2 In odd numbered years, with the Mother for the first week and each alternate week thereafter and the Father for the second week and each alternate week thereafter.

1. For the purpose of Orders 9, 10 and 11 above, changeover shall occur as agreed between the parties but failing agreement as follows:

12.1 Upon the commencement of Order 9.3, at pre-school, day care or school when such changeovers occur during the NSW school term; and

12.2 At all other times at a supermarket, Suburb E.

Restraints

13.1 Denigrating the other parent or any other family member or partner of the other parent in the presence or hearing of the children;

13.2 Exposing the children to Family Violence as defined in section 4AB of the Act or from causing or allowing the children to remain in the presence of any person perpetrating family violence;

13.3 Discussing these proceedings with the children; and

13.4 Attempting to elicit from the children any views as to their living arrangements.

Airport Watch List

1. That until further order, each party, MR STEPHANIDI born in 1978 and MS LAWRENCE born in 1988 their servants and/or agents be and are hereby restrained by injunction, and irrespective of authenticated consent as contemplated in Part VII of the Family Law Act 1975, from removing or attempting to remove or causing or permitting the removal of the said children X born 2021 and Y born 2022 from the Commonwealth of Australia; AND IT IS REQUESTED that the Australian Federal Police give effect to this order by placing the names of the said children on the Family Law Watchlist in force at all points of arrival and departure in the Commonwealth of Australia and maintain the children's names on the Watchlist until 13 April 2040, or until the Court orders its removal.

1. The Father shall keep the Mother informed via SMS or email communication regarding the children's education and health.
2. The Mother and Father shall keep each other informed at all times of their current email address and mobile phone number.
3. The Father shall do such things, acts, and deeds and sign all documents reasonably necessary to enable the Mother to consult with the following persons and organisations in relation to the children:

17.1 The children's principal doctors in relation to any medical condition from which a child may now or in the future suffer or be diagnosed as suffering;

17.2 The Principal, relevant School Teachers, Staff and School Counsellors of the School(s) and/or child care and/or after school care attended by the children from time to time;

17.3 The Manager, relevant Teachers/Day Care Workers and Staff of any day care centre attended by the children from time to time;

17.4 The Teachers/Instructors of each child in any extracurricular activity in which either child is involved, such as Dance, Sport, and the like;

17.5 Any Counsellor a child may consult, and the Mother shall be solely responsible for all costs in relation to such consultations.

Other Orders

1. That the father continue to engage with his current treating psychologist, Ms PP for the purpose of individual therapy in order to support and assist him in relation to his parenting of the children and the father be granted leave to provide a copy of these Orders and this Judgment to Ms PP.
2. That within 21 days of the date of these Orders, the Mother obtain a referral to a psychiatrist from her treating GP and undergo such treatment as is recommended by that psychiatrist.
3. That the mother be granted leave to provide to her treating psychiatrist, together with any current treating psychologist, copies of the following:

20.1 A copy of the Short Form Child Impact Report of Ms C dated 8 July 2024.

20.2 A copy of the Single Expert Report of Ms G dated 17 February 2025.

20.3 A copy of these Orders and Judgment.

1. That the Mother's time with the children pursuant to Order 9 is contingent on the Mother providing the Father with a report from her treating psychiatrist, as engaged pursuant to Order 19, confirming the Mother's participation in treatment as recommended by that psychiatrist.
2. That subject to any waiver sought, within 28 days of the date of these Orders, the parties each pay to Legal Aid NSW the sum of $10,762.70 (ten thousand, seven hundred and sixty-two dollars and seventy cents) representing the costs of the Independent Children's Lawyer.
3. That the Independent Children's Lawyer be discharged.

[1] The Court does not accept the mother's contention that the father's lack of religious practice at the time mitigated the insulting nature of the comment. Nor does the Court accept the maternal grandmother's assertion that the comment was intended to be a compliment.

[2] The mother, herself, admitted during cross-examination that "at this point I am fragile". The Court agrees.