austlii:vic/PPV/2025/49
General information, not legal advice.
PPV
2025-10-20
Original judgment source is linked above.
For the reasons set out in this report, the Panel concludes that the Amendment:
The issue is whether the Amendment acknowledges Aboriginal cultural heritage appropriately.
The Wurundjeri Woi-Wurrung Cultural Heritage Aboriginal Corporation (Submission 5) highlighted the cultural sensitivity of waterways within West Moorabool and recommended the Amendment provide greater acknowledgement of Aboriginal cultural heritage and sensitivity.
Council's adopted Heritage Strategy 2024-2028 (Heritage Strategy), which includes a number of actions aimed at improving awareness, recognition and protection of Aboriginal cultural heritage. These include:
Council's Heritage Strategy identifies the need to "understand and respect that the relationship Aboriginal people have to their heritage, does not always fit within traditional western ideas of heritage and heritage management." Council considered the Amendment was consistent with the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006.
The Amendment is focussed on post-contact heritage. While just as important, there are other opportunities and mechanisms for Aboriginal cultural heritage to be reviewed, which is primarily administered by the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006. Council's Heritage Strategy has specific actions for further engagement.
The Panel considers the Amendment is not inconsistent with Aboriginal cultural heritage values.
4 Steiglitz Street heritage precinct, Ballan (HO207)
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
The Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct, Ballan is significant.
The following features contribute to the significance of the precinct:
The four dwellings at 91-97 Steiglitz Street, constructed between c.1874-c1890 as shown on the precinct map.
The consistent overall single storey residential form (hipped roofs, front post -supported verandahs, brick and rendered chimneys, symmetrical composition), materials (weatherboard wall cladding, brick and rendered chimneys, galvanised corrugated steel roof cladding) and detailing (narrow eaves, central four panelled front doors flanked by double hung windows, surviving cast iron verandah decoration, moulded timber architraves and timber window sills).
Features that do not contribute to the significance of the precinct include non-original alterations and additions to the buildings at 91-97 Steiglitz Street.
The Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct at 91-97 Steiglitz Street is of local historical and aesthetic significance to the Moorabool Shire.
Historically, the Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct is significant as it contains the only known speculative development of detached timber dwellings remaining in the town (93-97 Steiglitz Street). Further strengthening the historical cohesion of this small group is the association with the original owner, Bernard Hirsch, a German draper, colonial wine dealer and manufacturer who constructed the cottage at 97 Steiglitz Street in 1874, and a large timber structure housing a general store and stocking-weaving factory, located on the land at 93-97 Steiglitz Street. The three cottages at 93-97 Steiglitz Street were built by James Alford as rental properties in the 1890s after Hirsch's death, from materials salvaged from the former general store and manufactory. (Criterion A)
Aesthetically, the Steiglitz Street Precinct is significant as a small group of representative examples of the vernacular style of mid and late-Victorian dwellings typical to Ballan. The design qualities are especially borne out in the hipped roof forms, front verandahs, symmetrical compositions defined by the front central doorways and flanking windows, narrow eaves, chimneys and surviving verandah detailing, in addition to the weatherboard wall construction and timber framing (having been recycled from Hirsch's manufactory building now demolished) and the galvanised corrugated steel roof cladding. (Criterion E)
The issue is whether there is a street addressing error in the Statement of Significance for the precinct.
The exhibited Amendment proposes to include the properties at 91 - 97 Steiglitz Street, Ballan in the new HO207 - Steiglitz Street Precinct, and to apply solar energy system controls to the precinct. All properties within the precinct are proposed to be graded as 'Contributory'.
A submitter considered there was an addressing error in the Statement of Significance for Criterion A that should read 91-95 Steiglitz Street, not 93-97. This makes a reference to the speculative development of detached timber dwellings in the precinct.
Council and Ms Schmeder agreed with the submitter and included this change in the Day 1 documents.
This is a clear error that should be corrected. The Panel supports the correction to the Statement of Significance.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
The State Savings Bank dwelling at 49 Edols Street, Ballan, constructed 1929, is significant.
Non-original alterations and additions are not significant
The State Savings Bank dwelling at 49 Edols Street, Ballan, is of local historical and aesthetic significance to the Moorabool Shire.
The State Savings Bank dwelling at 49 Edols Street has historical significance as an example of the modest, working class residential developments in Ballan township in the late 1920s. Built in c.1929 for Dennis Wheelahan, blacksmith, the dwelling has particular associations with the State Savings Bank's finance, design and construction scheme that was established to assist low income earners build their own homes following standard Bungalow types designed by G. Burridge Leith, a Melbourne architect. (Criterion A)
The State Savings Bank dwelling at 49 Edols Street is aesthetically significant as one of four known Interwar timber Bungalow styled dwellings in Ballan based on the State Saving Bank's standard designs of 1929. The dwelling is a locally unusual example with its jerkinhead roof form, being a 'Type T42' design which is largely intact, although missing the original chimneys, and has had the roof cladding replaced. (Criterion E)
The issue is whether the property has been incorrectly identified and should be removed from the Amendment.
The Amendment proposes to apply HO215 'State Savings Bank Dwelling' to the property at 49 Edols Street, Ballan, with associated solar energy system controls.
A submitter provided aerial photographic evidence that the dwelling had been relocated to the property from Melbourne in the 1990's which confirmed the current dwelling was not in place in 1965 or 1984.
Ms Schmeder provided evidence that supported the submitters request2F[3]:
The other State Savings Bank Dwellings recommended for inclusion in the Moorabool Heritage Overlay by this heritage study - at 45 Atlkinson Street & 9 Fisken Street - are both designs designated "For Country Selection Only". In contrast, the house at 49 Edols Street is a State Savings Bank design that was common in the Melbourne metropolitan area and not designated for use in regional Victoria. Furthermore, the chimneys of 49 Edols Street have been removed, which is almost always the case for relocated buildings (or the chimneys are rebuilt in a non- original form).
As the house at 49 Edols Street does not have a long historic connection with Ballan or Moorabool, I agree that it is not of local heritage significance.
Council supported the submitter and the evidence of Ms Schmeder and deleted the place in the Day 1 documents.
Based on the aerial photography evidence and its review by Council and Ms Schmeder, the Panel accepts the dwelling is a recent relocation to Ballan and should be removed from the Amendment.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery building, at 146 & 146A Inglis Street, constructed c.1925-26, is significant.
The timber outbuilding at the rear of the site and the Honour Roll affixed to the external wall contribute to the significance of the place.
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery building at 146 & 146A Inglis Street, Ballan is of local historical, aesthetic and social significance to the Moorabool Shire.
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery building at 146 & 146A Inglis Street is of historical significance as one of the few surviving Interwar commercial buildings within Ballan, a period of social and economic growth within the town. The building has associations with commercial development in Ballan during the Interwar period, and particularly with Vivian Cullen and his establishment of the Kookaburra café and billiard room in c.1925-26. Of further historical significance is the use of the building from 1958 to the present as the clubrooms of the local branch of the Returned and Services League of Australia (Victoria). (Criterion A)
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery is of aesthetic significance for the unusual composition of typical Interwar shopfront with dwelling which appears to be a very late example of the Edwardian vernacular, apparently constructed at the same time. The single storey, timber weatherboard building exhibits design, composition and detailing typical of the Edwardian period, including the main hipped roof form and projecting minor hipped and gabled wings, turned timber verandah posts and timber brackets. There are no other examples of R.S.L. buildings within the study area. (Criterion E)
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery building at 146 & 146A Inglis Street has social significance for its long and continuing association with and use by the Ballan branch of the Returned and Services League of Australia as their clubrooms since 1958. (Criterion G)
The issue is whether the Statement of Significance should be amended to delete reference to a demolished outbuilding.
The exhibited Amendment proposes to apply the Heritage Overlay (HO242) to the Ballan RSL Sub-Branch and former bakery at 146 / 146A Inglis Street, Ballan. The Amendment identifies the site as having local historical, aesthetic and social significance (Criteria A, E and G) and proposes to apply solar energy system controls.
A submitter advised that the timber outbuilding referenced in the Statement of Significance had been demolished in 2021, with the brick chimney remaining.
Council confirmed this was the case following a site inspection and viewing aerial photography and agreed with the submitter the Statement of Significance and Citation should be corrected.
It is possible that a chimney remains from this outbuilding, but in my expert opinion this is not sufficient to warrant its protection.
... as the timber outbuilding to the rear of the RSL Clubrooms has been demolished, it can no longer be protected in the Heritage Overlay.
The Panel confirmed during the site inspection that the outbuilding had been demolished and agrees with Council, the submitter and Ms Schmeder the Statement of Significance and Citation should be corrected to reflect this.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
St. John's Anglican Church, at 56 Simpson Street, Ballan, constructed 1861-1862, is significant. Elements of the place which contribute to the significance are the c.1861-2 church, the mature Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress, headstones located to the east of the chancel (relocated to the site), stone gate piers and memorial gates, metal plaque fixed to the reveal of the main door, bell and bell tower in the front garden.
Elements which do not contribute to the significance of the place include the timber garage and outbuilding to the north east of the site, landscaping, modern buildings including the Parish Hall and Mena Prior Memorial Parish Centre, front and side fencing, concrete gate piers and orbs.
The St. John's Anglican Church, 56 Simpson Street, is of local historical, aesthetic and social significance to the Moorabool Shire.
St. John's Anglican Church, 56 Simpson Street, is historically significant for its associations with the earliest years of Anglicanism in the fledgling township of Ballan from 1849, and particularly with the life and development of the Church of England at Ballan throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.
Built in c. 1861-62 St. John's Church was built to the design of the Diocesan Architect, Leonard Terry, and has been in continuous use by the Anglican congregation for over 150 years. Of further historical significance are the headstones relocated from the Old Ballan Cemetery in 1964, and represent the Anglican community's commemoration of Robert Steiglitz, considered to be the 'founder' of Ballan. The significance is embodied in headstones, which have been removed from their original location in an attempt to celebrate Robert Steiglitz through the 'conservation' via relocation of his family grave headstones. (Criterion A)
St. John's Anglican Church, 56 Simpson Street, is aesthetically significant as a local landmark at Ballan, being the earliest of the three surviving 19th century church buildings in the town. Although altered, St. John's Church is also one of the earliest known rural church designs of the Diocesan Architect, Leonard Terry, being one of just two surviving church buildings of this particular stylistic type (the other being St. James' Anglican Church, Mortlake) by the architect. The Early English Gothic Revival styled design remains clearly discernible, having been inspired by the highly influential work of the Gothic Revival English Architect, A.W.N. Pugin. This is particularly defined in the composition of the steeply pitched, gabled nave with minor gabled chancel and the projecting side vestry (the hipped roof form being distinctive of Terry's work). Originally intended to be crowned by a bellcote (identical to that at St. James' Church, Mortlake), this was also a feature borrowed from the earlier designs of Pugin, including his design of St. Paul's Roman Catholic Church, Oatlands, Tasmania, built in 1850. The mature plantings of Monterey Cypress provide an attractive and traditional setting for the place, and are a later, but contributory planting. (Criterion E)
St. John's Anglican Church, 56 Simpson Street, is socially significant for its long and continuous use as a place of worship and meeting to the Anglican and broader Ballan community for over 150 years. Past parishioners have been memorialised throughout the complex in the form of decorative stained-glass windows in the church itself (the most notable being the Ferguson & Urie stained glass chancel window in in memory of Juliet Vivian Lyon who died in 1874 and that of the nave, in memory of Rebecca Ocock). Other examples including tablets, fixtures and fittings and the stone gate piers commemorate the pioneers of the Ballan district. The relocated headstones are also an interesting expression of community celebration/conservation of early pioneering history. (Criterion G)
The exhibited Amendment proposes to apply the Heritage Overlay (HO252) to St John's Anglican Church, located at 56 Simpson Street, Ballan. The Amendment proposes the application of tree controls to a mature Monterey Cypress on the property, and the application of outbuilding (bell tower) and fence controls to the stone gate piers and associated metal gates.
A submitter questioned the heritage significance of the bell tower and submitted:
The bell was originally in a bellcote mounted on the western end of the original church roof in 1865. The church also had a vestry on the southern side of the chancel.
Due to church works over a period of time, the bell cote and vestry were removed many years ago.
The bell tower standing today is of timber construction and certainly not built to stand the test of time. The structure is already rotting, and the roof portion has already started falling apart (falling to the ground). Due to this, the bell is not rung anymore because of serious safety concerns. The matter was raised at Parish Council in 2024 and to preserve the bell, the decision was made to remove the historical bell, dismantle the rotting bell tower, and relocate the bell to the church courtyard, where it can be preserved and used for its purpose - as a call to worship4F[5].
The submitter supported the heritage significance of other elements of the place.
Ms Schmeder confirmed that while the bell tower was not original to the church it is likely to have been constructed between 1874 and 1909, making it an early element of the heritage place. Figure 2 contains a photo of the bell tower. Ms Schmeder's evidence was that:
It is a finely crafted structure with a high level of detail as all members are decoratively stop-chamfered. This type of stop-chamfering was used for many 19th-century built elements, among them decorative trusswork on the exterior of Carpenter Gothic buildings and for internal ceiling trusses of timber and stone Gothic Revival buildings.5F[6]
None of the surviving timber bell towers identified in Victoria have anything comparable to the level of detail seen on the St John's Ballan example.6F[7]
To reduce the electronic size of this document, Figure 2 has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Ms Schmeder supported changing the Statement of Significance to:
Ms Schmeder referred to a recently issued planning permit (PA2023048) to subdivide the land and recommended the Heritage Overlay polygon match the shape of Lot 1 which contains the church and outbuildings, but not the dwelling to the west, and provide an appropriate curtilage. Figure 3 contains the approved plan of subdivision and Figure 4 contains the proposed Heritage Overlay polygon.
Figure 3 Approved plan of subdivision for St Johns Anglican Church
To reduce the electronic size of this document, Figures 3 and 4 has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Figure 4 Proposed Heritage Overlay polygon for St Johns Anglican Church
Source: Ms Schmeder evidence statement, page 8, paragraph 21
Ms Schmeder agreed with the Panel's question that the bell tower would also meet Criterion B for its rarity.
Council supported the evidence of Ms Schmeder but did not support the addition of Criterion B as "changes to date provide a strong level of protection."
The proposed changes have been included in the Day 1 documentation.
While the bell was initially located on the church, the bell tower was constructed around 1900 to house the bell. The Panel agrees with Council and Ms Schmeder the bell tower contributes to the heritage significance of the place even though it was not an original feature of the church. Its construction around 1900 demonstrates this.
The Panel acknowledges Council's position on Criterion B (rarity) and does not support the addition of this criterion as it was an issue not addressed in the Stage 2A Review.
The subdivision of the land has created a new lot boundary that should, as best as possible, inform the Heritage Overlay polygon. The Panel supports the polygon outlined in Figure 4 as a basis for the amended Heritage Overlay for the heritage place. Even if separate title is not issued the polygon supported by Ms Schmeder provides an effective curtilage the items of significance.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
The Bridge Hotel at 190 Bungaree Wallace Road, Bungaree, constructed c.1930, is significant.
Only the brick section of the hotel fronting the Bungaree Wallace Road is significant. The non-original alterations and additions in brick and timber (post 1990) are not significant.
The Bridge Hotel, 109 Bungaree Wallace Road, Bungaree is of local historical and aesthetic significance to the Moorabool Shire.
Historically, the c.1930 brick portion of the Bridge Hotel is significant for its enduring associations with a hotel business on this site since c.1870, and particularly from 1930 when the front portion of this hotel building was re-built following a cyclone for the Ballarat Brewing Company, who owned the hotel from 1902-1960. (Criterion A)
The hotel has aesthetic significance as an unusual example of an interwar era brick hotel in the western region of the Moorabool Shire. Only one of five surviving examples of its type, and one of two surviving examples in Bungaree, the building is distinct from other comparable examples for its distinctive design, particularly the composition of the roof forms, jerkin-head roofed front wings projecting from the main hipped roof, with broken back verandah between. The original (or reconstructed) fabric such as the terra cotta tiled roof cladding, face brick and roughcast wall construction, broad eaves, brick chimneys, window openings, verandah piers, columns and balustrade, and the signage lettering also contribute to the aesthetic significance. Situated on higher ground at the western end of Bungaree, the hotel is a local historic landmark. (Criterion E)
The exhibited Amendment proposes to include the property at 190 Bungaree-Wallace Road, Bungaree (the Bridge Hotel) as an individual place in the Heritage Overlay as HO272, with solar energy system controls and prohibited uses permitted.
The submitter considered the cost of repair after the fire was greater than the $150,000 referred to and it was "offensive" to include photos of the fire damage.
The submitter was also concerned the retention of the raised 'Bridge Hotel' signage lettering on the front façade would conflict with liquor licensing requirements if it was delicensed that would require the signage to be removed.
The submitter considered the Bridge Hotel should not be identified for its social significance as the redevelopment of the local football club and club rooms has shifted the focus of away from the hotel.
Ms Schmeder provided evidence that the 1930 brick hotel building survived the 1992 fire in the form of a press photo after the fire that shows the hotel building intact (Figure 5) and an endorsed plan for the rebuild that shows the existing hotel building and the proposed residence to its rear (Figure 6).
To reduce the electronic size of this document, Figure 5 has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Source: Ms Schmeder evidence statement page 24, paragraph 98
Figure 6 Endorsed plan for Planning Permit 92/277
To reduce the electronic size of this document, Figure 6 has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Source: Ms Schmeder evidence statement page 25, paragraph 101
Ms Schmeder recommended the following changes to the Statement of Significance and Citation:
Council supported most of the evidence of Ms Schmeder but did not support the addition of the timber outbuilding as a contributory element as only a roadside inspection has taken place to date by Council, the author of the Stage 2A Review and Ms Schmeder. The remaining changes proposed by Ms Schmeder are included in the Day 1 documentation.
While the Panel appreciates the input of the submitter to the Amendment it is clear the brick hotel building survived the fire in 1992 and therefore contributes to the heritage significance of the place. Figures 5 and 6 confirm this.
The Morning Star Hotel in Bungaree (the subject of HO276 in this Amendment) is now not operating as a hotel but has retained its original signage. The Panel agrees with Council that, if required, painting over the raised lettering will ensure there is sufficient significance retained for the signage that relates to its original use.
The reference to "following a cyclone" should be deleted as these do not occur in Victoria and was most likely a tornado.
The Panel notes the Bridge Hotel has not been identified for its social significance (Criterion G). Notwithstanding this, its operation as a local pub for the community is recognised in the Statement of Significance and Citation. The Panel does not agree that other facilities established nearby has decreased the heritage significance.
The Panel finds that the threshold for local heritage significance has been established for Criteria A and E and notes the concurrent application of heritage controls to the former Morning Star Hotel in Bungaree as part of this Amendment as a comparative example that establishes significance.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
The Gordon Post Office, 67 Main Street, Gordon, constructed 1890, is significant.
Features which do not contribute to the significance of the place include the post 1890 alterations and additions, including the modern outbuildings.
The Gordon Post Office, 67 Main Street, Gordon, is of local historical, aesthetic and social significance to the Moorabool Shire.
The Gordon Post Office, 67 Main Street, Gordon, has historical significance for its long-term associations with the local post service and telegraph communications in the town from 1890 (having been originally established in 1858). Continuing its original function today, the building was constructed in 1890 by a local pioneer and former postmaster, Cheri Mars, a French immigrant. The building had been designed under the leadership of Samuel Edward Bindley, Public Works Architect in charge of the North-West Division in the Victorian Works Department. His office was responsible for the designs of several post offices, police stations and court houses in the north-west district of Victoria. (Criterion A)
The Gordon Post Office, 67 Main Street, Gordon, has aesthetic significance as the only example of a timber weatherboard Late Victorian Queen Anne styled Post Office designed by the North-West Division of the Public Works Department. Although altered, the original design characteristics are clearly discernible in the composition of the gabled and hipped roof forms, return post-supported verandah, chimneys, windows and the clock featuring in the front gable end. Similar details are identified in a small number of other surviving post offices of the type, the most comparable being those at Carisbrook and Wycheproof, both of brick construction. (Criterion E)
The Gordon Post Office, 67 Main Street, Gordon, has social significance as it is recognised and valued by the local community as an enduring, ongoing and integral part of the infrastructure of the town. (Criterion G)
The Amendment proposes to apply the Heritage Overlay (HO293) to the Gordon Post Office building at 67 Main Street, Gordon, with associated solar energy system controls.
A submitter was concerned the proposed controls would restrict necessary future upgrades to the building, particularly those required for accessibility and operational efficiency.
Regarding the installation of a disability access ramp, Ms Schmeder noted that Clause 62.02-2 of the Moorabool Planning Scheme permits the construction of a ramp without permit. For other building changes Ms Schmeder noted internal controls are not proposed and there are opportunities to increase storage with external alterations towards the rear of the building.
Council noted "the Heritage Overlay does not override other legislation, including the Disability Discrimination Act 1992, and upgrades for equitable access in heritage buildings are common and often achievable." Council supported the evidence of Ms Schmeder and did not propose and changes to the Citation or Statement of Significance.
The Gordon Post Office has continuously operated from this building since 1890. It has an intact façade despite extensions to its rear. These are sympathetic to its original form. It has long been a feature in the main street, and the Panel accepts the threshold for local significance has been reached for Criteria A, E and G.
The Gordon Post Office is located on a corner lot which provides opportunities for extensions and alterations that otherwise might not be possible. Current access is via two steps form the footpath pavement and it seems a ramp would be a quite simple solution to ensure access is provided for all abilities. Alternatively, the secondary street could provide access. Disability access can easily be provided without the need for a planning permit.
The issues raised by the submitter on disabled access and the ability to add to the building is not a relevant consideration in the HERCON criteria.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Oakvale, at 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook, constructed c.1869, is significant.
Oakvale at 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook is of local historical and aesthetic significance to the Moorabool Shire.
Oakvale, 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook has historical significance for its associations with early private farming developments in the Millbrook area which became highly successful and enduring after the unlocking of the land in the early 1860s. Built in c.1869 for Robert Luke McDowell and his wife, Mercy (nee Bridges), Oakvale was also the home of their ten children. Throughout the 19th century, Robert McDowell farmed the land. After his death in 1904, the property was owned by his son, Herbert, until 1910 when it was sold to William and Mary Clifford. With his brother, Herbert, on a neighbouring property, William Clifford cultivated potatoes at Oakvale through the first half of the 20th century. The Clifford family continued to own the property until 1997. (Criterion A)
Oakvale, 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook, is aesthetically significant as the earliest, substantial two storey brick farm dwelling in the western region of the Moorabool Shire. Other homesteads of equivalent or larger scale were built in the 1880s and 1890s to different designs. Oakvale demonstrates original design qualities of a Victorian Georgian style in its rectangular, symmetrical face brick facades, hipped roof and narrow eaves. Stylistically, it is comparable to only the former Commercial Bank and the former Post and Telegraph Office, Ballan, built in 1857 and 1874 respectively. In particular, the features which contribute to the aesthetic significance include the symmetrical, two storey, rectangular facades surmounted by hipped roof forms with narrow eaves, three-bayed composition on the main (east) façade with a centrally located, segmentally-arched ground floor door opening (timber framed transom above) and flanking segmentally-arched timber framed, 12 paned double hung windows, three window openings on the first floor, stone ground floor window sills and brick first floor window sills, rear segmentally-arched ground floor door opening at the west end, with a four panelled timber door and transom, two rear timber framed segmentally-arched window openings with timber framed twelve paned double hung windows and brick sills, timber framed 12 paned double hung windows on the north and south elevations, three face brick chimneys with simple corbelled tops, face brick wall construction and the corrugated sheet metal profile roof cladding. (Criterion E)
The issue is whether the Statement of Significance adequately reflects the full heritage significance of the place.
The exhibited Amendment proposes to apply the Heritage Overlay (HO307) to Oakvale, located at 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook. The Amendment identifies the property as being of local historical and aesthetic significance (Criteria A and E). It proposes to apply solar energy system controls and includes the dwelling and its setting as the primary elements of significance.
The submitter supported application of the Heritage Overlay but raised concerns that the Statement of Significance does not adequately reflect the heritage significance of the place. Specifically, the submitter considered:
The submitter recommended the following elements should be included the Heritage Overlay:
In response to this submission, Council commissioned the Oakvale Review which was completed by Ms Schmeder and Annabel Lyon. This included a site inspection, comparative analysis and assessment of the internal finishes, layout, construction techniques and landscape features. Based on this review, Council considered Oakvale retained a rare level of intactness and integrity and that additional controls were warranted.
Council supported the following changes to the Citation and Statement of Significance for _Oakvale_7F[8]:
These changes are shown in the Day 1 documentation in Appendix C.
Oakvale is an impressive building, and the Panel acknowledges the steps the submitter has taken to ensure its ongoing protection. The heritage significance of this place is not a contested matter. The further detail provided by the submitter and that prepared by Council has enabled a more thorough assessment to be completed through the Oakvale Review.
The Panel supports the updates to citation, Statement of Significance and Heritage Overlay schedule.
a) add external paint controls for the remnant external limewash on brickwork. > > b) add internal alteration controls for the layout on all three levels, window and door joinery, masonry skirtings, fireplace mantles, pencilled graffiti on the wall of the first floor central north room, and in the two ground-floor front rooms also plaster cornices, papier mâché ceiling centres, oil paint on joinery and skirtings, and paint on walls and ceilings. > > c) add tree controls for the row of four mature English Oak Trees and mature pear, apple and plum trees.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
The Pines, 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook constructed c.1896 is significant.
Elements that contribute to the significance of the place include: single storey hipped roof forms, return post-supported verandah, projecting early rear gabled addition on the north side, corrugated sheet metal roof cladding, timber weatherboard wall cladding, three face brick chimneys, modest eaves with paired timber brackets and roundels and panelling between, front timber framed doorway with a panelled timber door and sidelights and highlights, paired and single timber framed double hung windows with moulded timber architraves and timber window sills, stop chamfered verandah posts, timber bargeboards to the gable end and the gable infill (panelling and timber battening) to the early gabled addition. The mature Cypress and other exotic trees at the front of the property also contribute to the setting.
The Pines, 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook, is of local historical and representative significance to the Moorabool Shire.
The Pines, 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook, has historical significance for its associations with second generation Irish Catholic farmers who resided and cultivated the land from the late 19th century, following on from their forebears who had seen the potential in the rich soil for agricultural and grazing farms at Millbrook in the early 1860s. The Pines appears to have been built in 1896 as the family home of Thomas James and Minnie Sullivan, the property having originally been part of a larger farming estate of Thomas' father, Edmund Sullivan. It continued under the ownership of the Sullivan family until at least the late 20th century, having been farmed by three generations of the one family. (Criterion A)
The Pines, 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook, is a representative, moderately intact example of a small number of surviving Late Victorian styled farm dwellings in the Millbrook and Gordon area constructed in the late 19th and very early 20th centuries. Although altered and extended at the rear, the original Late Victorian design qualities are clearly discernible when viewed from the front, including the hipped roof forms, return verandah, brick chimneys, construction, windows and front door, and detailing. The mature Cypress and other exotic trees contribute to the front setting of the place. (Criterion D).
The issue is whether the Heritage Overlay should be applied to the property.
The exhibited Amendment proposes to apply the Heritage Overlay (HO310) to the property known as 'The Pines', located at 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook. The Amendment identifies the place as being of local historical and representative significance (Criteria A and D) and proposes to apply solar energy system controls and tree controls (for mature exotic trees adjacent to the main dwelling only).
A submitter objected to application of the Heritage Overlay as it had been in the family since the 1880's and had been thoughtfully renovated and extended several times. The submitter questioned whether the property retains sufficient heritage value given the changes made over the years.
The submitter referred to a wrap-around verandah that had been removed in the 1950's, removal of several rooms to the south of the dwelling as examples of changes that diminished its heritage significance. The submitter was concerned that the "family cannot be trusted to look after the property" and "could not see any upside for ourselves in the imposition of a Heritage Overlay on our property."
Ms Schmeder confirmed "that the dwelling retains sufficient external intactness to warrant inclusion in the Heritage Overlay, even though it has undergone some additions." She noted:
Ms Schmeder gave evidence that at least two outbuildings on site were constructed prior to 1976 that may correspond to the early farm outbuildings recorded in 1913. She recommended the early outbuildings be added to the Statement of Significance.
Council did not support the reference to the outbuildings as this had not been confirmed by an onsite inspection.
Council acknowledged the "longstanding ownership of the property by the family and the care taken in maintaining and upgrading the home." Council considered sufficient evidence had been gathered from a public realm inspection to demonstrate the place has local heritage significance as a Late Victorian farmhouse. Contributory elements are:
As some tree removal had occurred on site and the three Himalayan Pines and trees in the front setback have been retained Council supported the use of an aerial photo in the Statement of Significance to confirm the location of these important trees.
The Panel accepts that there has been a long family association with the place and that changes over the years seem to have been sympathetic to the original form. Trust or good stewardship of the place is not relevant to whether the Heritage Overlay should be applied. PPN01 sets out the relevant criteria upon which threshold must be judged and the need for at least one criteria to be met for local heritage significance to be established.
Heritage significance has only been established by an inspection from the public realm primarily before but also during the Hearing inspection. However, the lack of access to the place is not a justification to not apply heritage controls. The Panel considers the desk top research, forms a reasonable basis to conclude the place meets threshold for local significance for Criteria A and D.
Council, Ms Schmeder and the author of the Stage 2A Review did not have the opportunity to confirm the potential removal of the wrap-around verandah and other changes that have been made to the dwelling that may have impacted heritage significance. At this stage none of the alleged alterations or level of change could be confirmed.
The Panel supports the use of an aerial photo in the Statement of Significance to accurately identify the trees that have heritage significance.
The issue is whether the Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (May 2021) should be amended.
There were no submissions received in relation to the Incorporated Document. However, Ms Schmeder provided evidence that the exemption for "demolition, removal or alteration of a building that is not identified as a Significant feature of the heritage place" could result in the unintended loss of early buildings such as cottages and farm outbuildings that were not subject to onsite inspection during the Stage 2A Review.
While she acknowledged exemptions were similar to other municipal examples, Ms Schmeder recommended the exemption be revised to apply only to buildings "identified as a non-contributory feature" of the heritage place. This would ensure that unassessed elements are not inadvertently lost.
Council did not support this change to the Amendment and would consider this "as part of a future change to the document, noting that it could have further-reaching consequences for properties specified within tables 1, 2 and 3 within the document, which were not the subject of submissions in response to the exhibited Amendment."
The Panel supports the approach of Council to this suggested change. It was not part of the exhibited Amendment, and its inclusion may result in other unintended consequences for those landowners that did not make a submission to the Amendment.
Council Part C documents
Council submitted that the Amendment is supported by various clauses in the Planning Policy Framework, which the Panel has summarised below.
The Amendment will implement section 4(1)(d) of the Planning and Environment Act 1987 (the Act) to:
Plan for Victoria contains several "pillars", one of which is Pillar 3 - Great Places, Suburbs and Towns. Under the enabling statement for heritage protection it states:
We'll preserve Victoria's rich and diverse cultural heritage by protecting significant sites and precincts.
Council's Heritage Strategy seeks to promote the identification and protection of heritage values by providing direction within four themes:
The Heritage Strategy also identifies further actions broadly relevant to the Amendment, including:
The Heritage Overlay requires a planning permit to demolish, subdivide, build or carry out works. The Heritage Overlay enables its Schedule to specify additional controls for specific trees, painting previously unpainted surfaces, internal alterations and an incorporated plan (which may exempt buildings and works and other changes from requiring a planning permit). The Schedule may also identify if a place can be considered for uses that are otherwise prohibited, subject to a planning permit.
The Explanatory Report discusses how the Amendment meets the relevant requirements of:
Planning Practice Note 1 (Applying the Heritage Overlay), August 2018
Planning Practice Note 1 provides guidance about using the Heritage Overlay. It states that the Heritage Overlay should be applied to, among other places:
Places identified in a local heritage study, provided the significance of the place can be shown to justify the application of the overlay.
Planning Practice Note 1 specifies that documentation for each heritage place needs to include a Statement of Significance that clearly establishes the importance of the place and addresses the heritage criteria. It recognises the following model criteria (the Hercon criteria) that have been adopted for assessing the value of a heritage place:
Criterion A: Importance to the course or pattern of our cultural or natural history (historical significance).
Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of our cultural or natural history (rarity).
Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of our cultural or natural history (research potential).
Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places or environments (representativeness).
Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics (aesthetic significance).
Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period (technical significance).
Criterion G: Strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. This includes the significance of a place to Indigenous peoples as part of their continuing and developing cultural traditions (social significance).
Criterion H: Special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in our history (associative significance).
A Practitioner's Guide to Victorian Planning Schemes (Practitioner's Guide) sets out key guidance to assist practitioners when preparing planning scheme provisions. The guidance seeks to ensure:
Appendix C Panel preferred version of the Day 1 documentation
The following application requirements apply to an application under Clause 43.01, in addition to those specified elsewhere in the planning scheme and must accompany an application, as appropriate, to the satisfaction of the responsible authority:
The requirements of this overlay apply to both the heritage place and its associated land.
Included on the Victorian Heritage Register under the Heritage Act 2017?
437 (Part Lot A TP6085), Bacchus Marsh Road (Avenue of Honour)
Bacchus Marsh Express Office and Printing Works
Saint Andrew's Uniting Church and Parish Centre halls
Holy Trinity Anglican Church, Parish Hall, Memorial Lawn and Garden
Dwelling, Webster Brothers Yard and the "Iron Church"
Former Shire of Bacchus Marsh Community Services Centre (former Teachers'
Saint Bernard's Church, Presbytery and Parish Centre
Main Street (between Clarinda Street and Water Tank reserve)
Dwelling, Garden and Former Office (Theo van Alkemade, Estate Agent)
105 - 105A Main Street and 2 Grant Street (Lot 1 and 2 LP216877)
South Africa War Memorial and Drinking Fountain
Soldiers Memorial Hall and Former Mechanics Institute
Bacchus Marsh Adult Education Centre "Dunglass"
Saint Bernard's Parish Primary School, Chapel, Convent and garden
Former "Woolpack Inn" including former Stables and sign-writing
78, 80 & 81-85 Atkinson Street and 1-29 & 2-24 Fisken Street and 70 Steiglitz Street
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Fisken Street Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - Street trees (Fisken Street), Aleppo Pine in McLean Reserve and Memorial Pin Oak (outside 25 Fisken Street)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
31 Atkinson Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
45 Atkinson Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
55 Atkinson Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Hunterston, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ballan Recreation Reserve, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
18 Duncan Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
35 Edols Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Dwelling & Former Bake House, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ballan New Cemetery, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - former octagonal robing room and gabled sexton's building only
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
34 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
36 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
White Thorn, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Girraween, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
56 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
63 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
65 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
St. Paul's Uniting Church Complex, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Everleigh, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
78 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Dr Salter's Medical Rooms, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Lucerne, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Lea Hurst, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
St. Brigid's Roman Catholic Church and Gates, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Invergowrie, fence and hedge, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - front timber picket fence along western boundary portion
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
The Avenue, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Saddlery Store, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
War Memorial Fountain Outside of 125 Inglis Street Statement of Significance:
War Memorial Fountain, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Chambers' Red House Drapery Store, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ballan Hotel, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ballan Mechanics' Institute & Free Library, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms & Bakery, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Ballan Times Printing Office, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ballan Health Care (formerly "Annean"), Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Mossfield, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Police Residence, Stables & Lock Ups, 172 & 174-176 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Westcott, Stables and Trees, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Hadham, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Llandeilo, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Stirling Park, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
St. John's Anglican Church, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Mayfield, 39 Steiglitz Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ramsgate, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Longley, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
1 Golden Point Road and Allot. 2 Sec. C, PARISH OF BLACKWOOD & 11, 13, 15, 21,
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Martin Street Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - Algerian Oak at Allot. 2 Sec. C, PARISH OF BLACKWOOD
BLACKWOOD & Lot 1 TP902461 Golden Point Road and 2, 8 Martin Street and 3, 5, 10 Prayer Hill Lane and War Memorial and Stamper Battery (intersection of Byres Road & Martin Street)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Prayer Hill Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - Bunya Bunya x 2 at 10 Prayer Hill Lane, exotic trees, 28 Golden Point Road
1069, 1071, 1077 Greendale-Trentham Road and Allot. 35B Sec. B, PARISH OF
BLACKWOOD & 4 Recreation Reserve Road and Allot. 25F Sec. B, PARISH OF
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Simmons Reef Road Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Whalebone Road Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
4 Albert Street, Blackwood, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Blackwood Cemetery, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Police Quarters & Court House, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Dwelling and Water Race, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Blackwood Mineral Springs, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - rendered masonry walls to springs pavilions only
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
111 Golden Point Road, Blackwood, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Blackwood & District Historical Society (former Police Stables)
Blackwood & District Historical Society (former Police Stables), Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Hillside, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Blackwood Cricket & Recreation Reserve, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
6 Terrill Street, Blackwood, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
St. Michael's Catholic Church Complex, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - Italian Cypress trees adjacent to the grotto only
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Bridge Hotel, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Bungaree Mechanics' Institute & Free Library, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
231 Bungaree-Wallace Road, Bungaree, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
243 Bungaree-Wallace Road, Bungaree, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Morning Star Hotel 248 Bungaree-Wallace Road Incorporated plan:
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Morning Star Hotel, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Police Residence & Lock Up, 255 Bungaree-Wallace Road, Bungaree, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
St. John's Anglican Church Complex, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Bungaree State School No.1960, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former London Bank of Australia, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Bungaree State Primary School No.1960, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Sunny Rise, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - mature Golden Cypress trees and mature exotic trees near main dwelling
Yes - original dwelling & associated gabled outbuildings, dry stone walls
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Dwelling and Canary Island Palm, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Mayfield, 196 Lesters Road, Bungaree, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - mature exotic trees in front garden and along driveway
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
100 Murphys Road, Bungaree, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Clare Place, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - hedges to front and side boundaries to Clare Place
Yes - original timber homestead ruin further south of Clare Place, fronting Torpys Road
CA 75, 76, 76A 76B and 80, Parish Coimadai, Gisborne Road
Farmhouse "Morven" including garden and driveway avenue of trees
Former Australian Beam Wireless Transmitting Station
St. Patrick's Catholic Church & Presbytery, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - Bhutan Cypress hedges and mature specimens of Cypress trees
Gordon Primary School, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
35 Main Street, Gordon, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
46 Main Street, Gordon, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
56-60 Main Street, Gordon, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former London Chartered Bank, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Gordon Public Hall and former Mechanics' Institute
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Gordon Public Hall and former Mechanics' Institute, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Hotel, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Dwelling & Outbuilding, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Dwelling & Former Store & Bakery, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
General Store, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Gordon Hotel, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Allot. 1A7 Sec. 5, PARISH OF MOORABOOL
New Gordon Cemetery, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former St. Mark's Anglican Church Lot 1 TP838171, Old Melbourne Road Statement of Significance:
Former St. Mark's Anglican Church, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - mature Monterey Cypress tree in the south-east corner of the site
St. Patrick's Catholic School & Convent, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Kerrit Bareet Cemetery (Gordons Burial Ground), Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
31-33 Russell Street, Gordon, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Dwelling & Former Store, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ingliston Bank railway cutting and piles of remnant railway cutting construction basalt
410, 412, 421, 424 Clarendon-Lal Lal Road and 5 Eaglesons Road and 10 Lal Lal Falls Road and Allot. 4 Sec. 10A, TOWNSHIP OF LAL LAL, Parkers Road and 8 &12 Vaughan Street
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Lal Lal Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - Avenue of Honour and Memorial Trees (424 Clarendon-Lal Lal Road)
Anthonys Cutting (surrounds of Djerriwarrh Bridge)
Farmhouse "Blinkbonnie" and Dethridge Irrigation Wheel
Former W Symington House and Symington's Brewery Industrial Archaeological Site
Farmhouse "Lerderderg Park", concrete silo and concrete water tank
Dwelling (former Djerriwarrh State School/ Djerriwarrh Creek School)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Oakvale, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - layout on all three levels, original window and door joinery, masonry skirtings, fireplace mantles, pencilled graffiti on the wall of the first floor central north room, and in the two ground-floor front rooms also plaster cornices, papier mâché ceiling centres, oil paint on joinery and skirtings, and paint on walls and ceilings.
Yes - row of four (4) mature Oak trees and mature Pear, Apple and Plum trees.
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Woodlawn, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - outbuilding adjoining the south-west corner of the dwelling
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Ryan Family Farm, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
The Pines, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Yes - mature exotic trees adjacent to main dwelling only
Former "The Pines" Dairy, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
HO182 Woodlands 229 Long Point Road, Myrniong Incorporated Plan (July 2014)
Milk Factory and Dwelling- Dairymen's Cooperative
CA 36 Section 7 Parish Blackwood, Mt Blackwood Road
Hill Farm, Statement of Significance, September 2022
Former Parwan South (Nerowie) State School No 4175 & Mechanics' Institute
Former "Maryville" Stables, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Holden's Chaff Mill Dwelling & Store, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Wallace Millbrook & District Factory & Creamery Complex
Former Wallace Millbrook & District Factory & Creamery Complex, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Wallace Masonic Temple, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Wallace Methodist Church, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Wellwood, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
SCHEDULE TO CLAUSE 72.04 INCORPORATED DOCUMENTS
4 Albert Street, Blackwood, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
31 Atkinson Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
45 Atkinson Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
55 Atkinson Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Australian Standard AS2021-2015, Acoustics - Aircraft Noise Intrusion - Building Siting and Construction, Standards Australia Limited, 2015
Bacchus Marsh Heritage Study, Statements of Significance (February 2015)
Ballan Health Care (formerly "Annean"), Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ballan Hotel, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ballan Mechanics' Institute & Free Library, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ballan New Cemetery, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms & Bakery, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ballan Recreation Reserve, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Ballarat Line Upgrade Incorporated Document, August 2018
Blackwood & District Historical Society (former Police Stables), Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Blackwood Cemetery, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Blackwood Cricket & Recreation Reserve, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Blackwood Mineral Springs, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Bridge Hotel, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Bungaree Mechanics' Institute & Free Library, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Bungaree State Primary School No.1960, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
231 Bungaree-Wallace Road, Bungaree, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
243 Bungaree-Wallace Road, Bungaree, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Clare Place, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Commercial Hotel, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
18 Duncan Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Dwelling & Former Bake House, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Dwelling & Former Store & Bakery, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Dwelling & Former Store, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Dwelling & Outbuilding, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Dwelling and Canary Island Palm, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Dwelling and Water Race, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
35 Edols Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Everleigh, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Farmhouse and tree, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Fisken Street Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Ballan Times Printing Office, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Bungaree State School No.1960, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Chambers' Red House Drapery Store, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Dr Salter's Medical Rooms, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Holden's Chaff Mill Dwelling & Store, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Hotel, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former London Bank of Australia, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former London Chartered Bank, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former "Maryville" Stables, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Masonic Hall, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Morning Star Hotel, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Police Quarters & Court House, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Police Residence, Stables & Lock Ups, 172 & 174-176 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Police Residence & Lock Up, 255 Bungaree-Wallace Road, Bungaree, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Ryan Family Farm, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Saddlery Store, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former St. Mark's Anglican Church, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former "The Pines" Dairy, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Wallace Methodist Church, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Former Wallace Millbrook & District Factory & Creamery Complex, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
General Store, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Girraween, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
111 Golden Point Road, Blackwood, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Gordon Hotel, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Gordon Post Office, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Gordon Primary School, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Gordon Public Hall and former Mechanics' Institute, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Hadham, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Hawthorn Farm, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Hill Farm, Statement of Significance, September 2022
Hillside, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
HO182 Woodlands 229 Long Point Road, Myrniong Incorporated Plan (July 2014)
Hospital Emergency Medical Services - Helicopter Flight Path Protection Areas Incorporated Document, June 2017
Hunterston, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
34 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
36 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
56 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
63 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
65 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
78 Inglis Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Invergowrie, fence and hedge, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Kerrit Bareet Cemetery (Gordons Burial Ground), Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Lal Lal Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Lea Hurst, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Llandeilo, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Longley, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Lucerne, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Maddingley Spoil Processing Facility, October 2020
35 Main Street, Gordon, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
46 Main Street, Gordon, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
56-60 Main Street, Gordon, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Martin Street Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Mayfield, 196 Lesters Road, Bungaree, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Mayfield, 39 Steiglitz Street, Ballan, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Mossfield, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
100 Murphys Road, Bungaree, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
New Gordon Cemetery, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Oakvale, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Old Ballan Cemetery, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Plans for the future development of the Western Freeway - titled "Proposed Works Area" and dated 26/7/ 2000
Powerline Bushfire Safety Program - Native Vegetation Removal Code of Practice, August 2016
Prayer Hill Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Rail Gauge Standardisation Project, Integrated Approval Requirements, December 2002
Rail Infrastructure Projects Ballarat Rail Corridor Deviation: Fibre Optic Project, Integrated Approval Requirements (August 2003)
Ramsgate, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Restructure Plans - Blakeville, Old Wallace, Elaine North and Rowsley (June 2000)
31-33 Russell Street, Gordon, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Simmons Reef Road Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Sir Jack Brabham Park Stage 1 Concept Plan February 1998, Kinhill Pty Ltd
St. Brigid's Roman Catholic Church and Gates, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
St. John's Anglican Church Complex, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
St. John's Anglican Church, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
St. Michael's Catholic Church Complex, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
St. Patrick's Catholic Church & Presbytery, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
St. Patrick's Catholic School & Convent, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
St. Paul's Uniting Church Complex, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Stirling Park, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Sunny Rise, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
6 Terrill Street, Blackwood, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
The Avenue, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
The Mill Cottage, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
The Pines, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Wallace Masonic Temple, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
War Memorial Fountain, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Wellwood, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Westcott, Stables and Trees, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Western Highway Realignment (Melton to Bacchus Marsh) Incorporated Document, December 2009
Whalebone Road Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
White Thorn, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
Woodlawn, Statement of Significance (Plan Heritage, May 2021)
MOORABOOL SHIRE HERITAGE PRECINCTS AND PLACES INCORPORATED PLAN PERMIT EXEMPTIONS
UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF CLAUSE 43.01 HERITAGE OVERLAY
Incorporated Document pursuant to section 6(2)(j) of the Planning and Environment Act 1987
This document establishes planning permit exemptions, under the provisions of Clause 43.01 Heritage Overlay, for specific heritage precincts and individual heritage places included in the Moorabool Shire Heritage Overlay. The subject heritage precincts are identified at Table 1 and the subject heritage places are identified at Tables 2 and 3.
The works which are permit exempt are generally of a minor nature which do not impact the heritage significance of the individual heritage place or heritage precinct.
In accordance with Clause 43.01-3, no permit is required for permit exempt works identified in this Incorporated Plan.
People using this document should contact Council to confirm that there are no planning permit requirements triggered under other parts of the Heritage Overlay provisions or Planning Scheme. A building permit may also be required.
A permit exemption allows for specific works to be undertaken without requiring a planning permit from Moorabool Shire Council under the provisions of the Heritage Overlay. Regardless of exemptions, applicants are advised to contact Council to discuss any proposal for works to a place included in the Heritage Overlay.
This plan does not provide exemptions for permits under any other provisions of the Moorabool Planning Scheme, such as zone or other overlay provisions.
Places and Precincts to which the permit exemption applies
This Incorporated Plan applies only to the heritage precincts listed in Table 1 of this document and the individual heritage places listed in Tables 2 and 3 of this document. The Schedule to the Heritage Overlay also specifies whether this permit exemption document applies.
Each place within a precinct has been graded as 'Significant', 'Contributory' or 'Non-Contributory'. Depending on this grading, there are various levels of permit exemptions. It is important to check the precinct map (located in Appendix A) to identify what grading a place within a precinct has in order to understand what works are exempt from permit requirement under the Heritage Overlay.
Section 3 provides permit exemptions for individual heritage places. The location of individual places has been considered when determining appropriate permit exemptions for individual heritage places.
Section 3.1 provides permit exemptions for township places and Section 3.2 sets out permit exemptions for rural places.
The following table identifies the Heritage precincts which are the subject of this Incorporated Plan. A copy of the precinct map showing the gradings for each place within the precinct is included at Appendix A. The gradings are 'Significant', 'Contributory' and 'Non-contributory'. The works which are permit exempt (do not require a planning permit) may vary depending on the grading. This set of permit exemptions applies consistently across the precincts listed in Table 1.
Under Clause 43.01-3 the following works within the heritage precincts set out in Table 1 are exempt from the requirement for a planning permit.
2.1 Permit exemptions for Non - Contributory places within a heritage precinct
No permit is required to undertake the following on a site identified as 'Non-contributory.'
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Figure 1: No permit is required for Alterations to, Additions to or construction of New Buildings that are not a dwelling with an eave height no greater than the existing located within the orange shaded area if the places is identified as Non-contributory.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
2.2 Permit exemptions for Contributory or Significant Places within a heritage precinct
No permit is required to undertake the following on a site identified as 'Contributory' or 'Significant'.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Figure 3: Area in orange defined as the rear of existing building
3.0 PERMIT EXEMPTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL HERITAGE PLACES
Permit exemptions for individual places have been divided into two categories recognising the different permit exemptions which are appropriate for those places located within residential and commercial areas and those in rural areas.
3.1 Individual heritage places in residential/commercial areas
The following permit exemptions apply only to those individual heritage places in Table 2.
Table 2: Individual heritage places in residential/commercial areas to which this permit exemption applies.
Under Clause 43.01-3 the following works to individual heritage places in residential/commercial areas set out in Table 2 are exempt from the requirement for a planning permit:
3.2 Individual heritage places in rural areas
The following permit exemptions apply only to those individual heritage places set out in Table 3.
Table 3: Individual heritage places in rural areas to which this permit exemption applies
Under Clause 43.01-3 the following works to individual heritage places in rural areas set out in Table 3 are exempt from the requirement for a planning permit:
The following definitions apply regarding levels of significance used in this Incorporated Plan.
A Significant place is a single heritage place that has cultural heritage significance independent of its context. These places might also contribute to the significance of a heritage precinct.
A Contributory place contributes to the significance of a heritage precinct, but would not be significant on its own.
A Non-contributory place does not contribute to the significance of a heritage precinct. In some instances, a Significant place may be considered Non-contributory. For example, an important Modernist house within a Victorian era precinct.)
A Significant feature is any feature (building, tree, fence, structure etc.) that is identified in the Statement of Significance as contributing to the significance of a heritage place.
Significant, Contributory and Non-contributory places within heritage precinct are shown on the precinct maps that form part of this Incorporated Plan (Appendix A).
The following definitions apply to terms used in this Incorporated Plan.
Additions are new works that are attached to a building.
An alteration is to modify the fabric of a heritage place, without undertaking building works such as an addition. It may include a new opening for a window or door.
All of the land surrounding the heritage place is known as a 'curtilage' and will be shown as a polygon on the Heritage Overlay map. In many cases, particularly in urban areas and townships, the extent of the curtilage will be the whole of the property (for example, a suburban dwelling and its allotment). In rural areas, or on large lots, a portion of the land around the significant place/s may be identified as the curtilage.
A domestic appliance or apparatus that is normal to and services a dwelling. It includes disabled access ramps and handrails, an air conditioner, cooling or heating system, a hot water service, security systems and cameras, shade sails, a barbeque, downpipes and flues, a skylight, security screens, and the like.
Eaves are at the bottom edge of a roof, and usually project or extend over the side of the building, protecting the wall beneath.
Elevation is a particular side, including an external wall, of a building.
Fabric means all the physical material of the heritage place including external fixtures.
Fa_ç_ade generally refers to the front or principal elevation and external face of a building, as is typically viewed from the street.
A Heritage Overlay is a town planning control contained within the Moorabool Planning Scheme (Clause 43.01). The control is applied to either individual heritage places or heritage precincts. The purpose of the Heritage Overlay is to conserve and enhance heritage places and to ensure that any development does not adversely affect the significance of a heritage place.
A heritage place has identified heritage value and can include a site, area or space, building or other works, structure, group of buildings, precinct, moveable object, archaeological site, landscape, garden or tree. A heritage precinct, under the Heritage Overlay, is also known as a heritage place.
A heritage precinct is a precinct or geographical area of cultural heritage significance, which contains a collection or high proportion of properties and elements of heritage significance.
An individual heritage place is a single or stand-alone heritage place with identified heritage value that is significant in its own right, to which an individual Heritage Overlay curtilage and number is applied.
Maintenance means the continuous protective care of a place, and its setting, and is distinguished from repairs which involves restoration or reconstruction. Maintenance involves regular inspection and cleaning of a place.
The major wall line is the main façade wall most distant from the street frontage.
The rear major wall line, when there are multiple and parallel rear walls, is defined as the rear facing wall most distant from the street frontage
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Where the wall height at natural ground level does not exceed the wall height of the existing main building on the site; or any of the following:
An outbuilding is a structure which is not part of a main building (i.e. is detached from the main building) but which supports the function of the main building. It can be a carport, garage, shed, stand-alone conservatory, stables, cabana, studio or children's cubby house or similar structure.
A fence which is sloped to transition between two different fence heights (i.e. boundary fence and front fence). Raked section shown in green below.
Repairs are 'protective care' actions which do not change the appearance of a heritage place, and are undertaken to the same details, specifications and materials.
The setback is the minimum distance from any allotment boundary to a building. The setback can include the front, side or rear property boundaries.
The 'front setback' includes all of the land between the street boundary and the major wall line. The 'rear setback' includes all of the land between the rear major wall line and the rear boundary.
A statement of significance is a written record of why a place or precinct is important and identifies the values which contribute to that importance. The Statement of Significance generally identifies 'what' is important, 'why' it is important, and `how' it is significant.
A streetscape is a collection of buildings along a street frontage. When referred to in relation to a precinct, a streetscape typically contains a majority of buildings which are of heritage value.
Visible means anything that can be seen from a street (other than a lane) or public park.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
West Moorabool Heritage Study (Stage 2a) Review, 2021
PLACE NAME: Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct Place No. BA094-097
ADDRESS: 91-97 Steiglitz Street, Ballan Assessment Date: Feb 2016, updated May 2021
Recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Register: No
Recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Inventory: No
Recommended for inclusion as a Heritage Overlay in the Planning Scheme: Yes
Yes - Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions, May 2021
The Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct, Ballan is significant.
The following features contribute to the significance of the precinct:
The four dwellings at 91-97 Steiglitz Street, constructed between c.1874-c.1890 as shown on the precinct map.
The consistent overall single storey residential form (hipped roofs, front post -supported verandahs, brick and rendered chimneys, symmetrical composition), materials (weatherboard wall cladding, brick and rendered chimneys, galvanised corrugated steel roof cladding) and detailing (narrow eaves, central four panelled front doors flanked by double hung windows, surviving cast iron verandah decoration, moulded timber architraves and timber window sills).
Features that do not contribute to the significance of the precinct include non-original alterations and additions to the buildings at 91-97 Steiglitz Street.
The Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct at 91-97 Steiglitz Street is of local historical and aesthetic significance to the Moorabool Shire.
Historically, the Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct is significant as it contains the only known speculative development of detached timber dwellings remaining in the town (91-95 Steiglitz Street). Further strengthening the historical cohesion of this small group is the association with the original owner, Bernard Hirsch, a German draper, colonial wine dealer and manufacturer who constructed the cottage at 97 Steiglitz Street in 1874, and a large timber structure housing a general store and stocking-weaving factory, located on the land at 93-97 Steiglitz Street. The three cottages at 91-95 Steiglitz Street were built by James Alford as rental properties in the 1890s after Hirsch's death, from materials salvaged from the former general store and manufactory. (Criterion A)
Aesthetically, the Steiglitz Street Precinct is significant as a small group of representative examples of the vernacular style of mid and late-Victorian dwellings typical to Ballan. The design qualities are especially borne out in the hipped roof forms, front verandahs, symmetrical compositions defined by the front central doorways and flanking windows, narrow eaves, chimneys and surviving verandah detailing, in addition to the weatherboard wall construction and timber framing (having been recycled from Hirsch's manufactory building now demolished) and the galvanised corrugated steel roof cladding. (Criterion E)
It is recommended that the heritage overlay is applied to the properties at 91-97 Steiglitz Street, as shown on the following map (Figure 1):
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Figure 1: Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct map
The precinct includes the four dwellings fronting Steiglitz Street at numbers 91-97.
The dwellings at 91-97 Steiglitz Street, Ballan, are set on regular, rectangular allotments and have modest frontages to Steiglitz Street, narrow side setbacks and large rear yards with open grassed areas, mature trees and introduced gabled and skillion single storey outbuildings.
The relatively homogenous character of this part of the Steiglitz Street streetscape is due to the similar Late Victorian appearance of these dwellings, with their single storey heights, hipped roof forms and front verandahs. Details on each dwelling are as follows:
The single storey, timber weatherboard, Late Victorian styled dwelling has a hipped roof form that traverses the site, rear double hipped roof forms and rear skillion wings, and a front hipped roofed verandah. These roof forms are clad in red painted galvanised corrugated steel. There are narrow eaves and an early brick chimney with a dentillated capping (now overpainted). The symmetry of the design is accentuated by the central front timber framed doorway with a four panelled timber door, and the flanking timber framed double hung windows.
An early feature of the design is the front verandah. It is supported by square timber posts (which appear to have replaced original stop chamfered square timber posts) and has early decorative cast iron valances and brackets. A skillion glazed conservatory projects from the west end of the verandah, into the front yard.
Other early features include the moulded timber architraves and the timber window skills. A gabled carport has been added on the east side after 2009. Solar panels have also been installed on the front roof face.
There is an introduced hollow steel post and rail and cyclone wire front fence (approximately 1100 mm high) with vegetation growing through it. At the east end are steel vehicular gates.
Overall, the dwelling appears to be in good condition (when viewed from the front) and of moderate integrity. Although there have been some alterations at the front, they are modest and the overall Late Victorian character is clearly discernible.
The Late Victorian styled, timber weatherboard dwelling has a main hipped roof form at the front that traverses the site, rear double hipped roof form and skillion wings, and a hipped concave front verandah. These roof forms are clad in corrugated galvanised steel. There are early narrow eaves and on the east side a prominent face brick chimney with corbelled top.
Other early features of the design include the central timber framed front doorway with a four panelled timber door and transom, flanking timber framed double hung windows (as well as timber framed windows on the sides of the dwelling), moulded timber architraves, timber window sills and the stop-chamfered square timber verandah posts with cast iron brackets.
The verandah extends to the front boundary which is defined by an early flat timber picket fence approximately 1 m high.
The dwelling appears to be fair condition when viewed from the front, with deterioration noted in the rusting roof cladding, weathered wall cladding and missing pickets to the front fence. The dwelling has moderate-high integrity.
A single storey, Late Victorian styled dwelling, it has a front hipped roof form with rear modest double hipped roofed wings and skillion addition, and a front skillion verandah. The dwelling has experienced a number of alterations including the introduced tiled roof cladding, aluminium wall cladding, timber posts and concrete floor to the verandah and the aluminium framed windows. Apart from the overall form and composition, other surviving early fabric includes the rendered brick chimneys with a corbelled top, symmetrical arrangement of the central front doorway and flanking window openings.
At the front is a post and rail and cyclone wire fence, approximately 1100 mm high, together with a scrolled metal and wire pedestrian gate.
Overall, the dwelling appears to be in fair condition and of altered integrity. While the dwelling has experienced a number of alterations which are reversible, the original Late Victorian design is clearly discernible.
A modest, symmetrical, single storey, timber weatherboard Victorian styled dwelling, it has a main hipped roof form with an elongated skillion wing at the rear, and a front skillion verandah. The roof forms are clad in galvanised corrugated steel. There are narrow eaves and a brick chimney (altered) at the rear on the east side. The dwelling is especially characterised by the front elevation, with the central timber framed doorway having a four panelled timber door and transom, and flanking timber framed 12 paned double hung windows. There are moulded timber architraves and timber window sills. The verandah is supported by early stop-chambered timber posts with moulded timber capitals. The verandah floor boards are missing.
Overall, the dwelling appears to be in poor condition when viewed from the front, with rotted timber weatherboards and missing verandah floor boards. The roof cladding is in good condition, suggesting that the dwelling may be watertight. It has moderate integrity.
While the Werribee Hunt Hotel was built in 1848 at Ballan, it was to be another two years before the northern portion of the village was surveyed by Assistant Surveyor Malcolm in 1850.9F[10] Comprising a grid layout to the south of the Werribee River, the township was named "Ballan" after Robert von Stieglitz's nearby Run. Von Stieglitz had bestowed this name to his Run after his birthplace in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.10F[11] In these fledgling years, the township was centred on Simpson Street, given that the Werribee Hunt Hotel was the only substantial building and it was on the route to Portland Bay.11F[12] From these early years, Ballan was destined to become an important service town in the Western Moorabool Shire region.
The original Town Plan only included township allotments to the north of Steiglitz Street. It appears that it was not until 1872 when the remainder of the township was laid out and allotments created. By the early 1860s, Ballan progressed as a small service town for the surrounding farming and agricultural industries, and as a stopping place along the mail and gold escort route to Ballarat. It boasted a flour mill (where Anglican Church services were first held until 1853), an Anglican Vicarage (built in 1849), Anglican Church (built in 1862), hotels, a small number of stores and dwellings, and a court house. Importantly, it was the location of the Ballan Road District proclaimed in 1862, becoming the centre of local government from this time, including the home of the Ballan Shire from 1864 and the Moorabool Shire from 1994 until recently.12F[13] By 1872, the township had made further progress, with the main commercial centre having relocated to Inglis Street, but Ballan was still recognised as a rural outpost rather than a thriving township.13F[14]
By 1890, the population of Ballan had reached 400.14F[15] It accommodated a bank, numerous stores and shops, four churches, State School, Mechanics Institute and Free Library, Shire Hall, Court House, racecourse, cricket and recreation reserve, flour mill, wind mill, rifle, cricket and football clubs and 'six good hotels.'15F[16] The longer term potential of Ballan as a successful service town was realised in 1889 with the opening of the railway line. This gave impetus for the operation of a monthly cattle market and more broadly, the township as a transport hub for agricultural produce. In 1893, 6268 acres of land were under cultivation in the Ballan area.16F[17] From the 1890s until the early 1920s, Ballan - and particularly its railway transport of produce and livestock - was a hive of industry. There were four goods trains per day, six days a week, trucking chaff, oaten hay, bales of straw, oats, wheat potatoes, onions, pigs, cattle, and particularly sheep.17F[18]
History of the Dwellings at 91-97 Steiglitz Street
The dwellings at 91-97 Steiglitz Street are situated on allotments 7-9 of Section 21 in the Township of Ballan first owned by Bernhardt Hirsch from 1 September 1874.18F[19] Born in Germany in c.1833, the son of Anselm and Johanna Hirsch, he married Catherina Broders.19F[20] They settled in Alphington, Melbourne, where in 1871 Hirsch advertised as a draper.20F[21] By July 1874, Bernard (as he became known) and Catherina had settled at Ballan, where Hirsch continued his drapery business in addition to becoming a dealer in colonial wines.21F[22] By the end of 1874, Hirsch had constructed at small dwelling and a large store, which were described in the Bacchus Marsh Express in January 1875:
Mr. Hirsch's exceedingly well-appointed although small residence, which is so tastefully designed, with its pagoda summer house, and neat garden, has to be an ornament to Ballan, and well worth visiting during the summer season, which is the time when Ballan looks at its best. Mr. Hirsch has recently added to his drapery business that of colonial wine selling, and has already acquired a local reputation for selling an article of a quality much superior to what is ordinarily obtainable, and worthy of the good name all colonists who are natives of wine-making countries have acquired of being intuitively excellent judges of the quality of wine, just as Englishmen are supposed to be the best judges of beer, or Scotchmen or Irishmen of the quality of whiskey. Mr. Hirsch has two acres of land all enclosed with a close picket fence, neatly capped with a painted moulding, which fence of itself has a very pleasing effect upon persons whose ideas of the beautiful take the same practical turn as did those of the renowned Samuel Johnson. These two acres have been levelled at considerable expense, .and the same process is going on with four acres adjoining which Mr. Hirsch has lately purchased. His original intention was to build a large store near his dwelling, but the quietness now prevailing in the district has induced him to forego that step for the present. A colonial wine depot will be expected to have a cellar of some sort, but Mr. Hirsch has come to the conclusion that a cellar is objectionable owing to the difficulty of keeping out the surface water. Accordingly he has had a room built with double walls and provided with a large water tank, from which, by turning a tap, the earth floor can be flooded and the barrels and racks of bottles of wine kept cool by evaporation.22F[23]
The small residence 'with its neat garden' described in the Bacchus Marsh Express appears to have been the dwelling at 97 Steiglitz Street, built in 1874.
By April 1876, Hirsch commenced the manufactory of woollen hosiery for L. Stevenson and Sons, warehousemen, Melbourne.23F[24] He designed an impressive factory at his Steiglitz Street premises, which he built by day labour. The Bacchus Marsh Express reported on Hirsch's progress in May 1876:
The premises at Ballan now being erected by Mr. B. Hirsch present an imposing appearance, and can be seen from all parts of the township. The centre portion of the building is about 30 feet high, and the space covered by the foundations (which are of bluestone) is 48 feet by 36 feet. The building is constructed principally of hardwood from Mr. Blake's mills, and the moulded weatherboards for which his mills are famed show to great advantage in the building. A great quantity of soft wood will be used for the inside linings and floors. The building is formed of a centre portion 36 feet in depth by a width of 18 feet, and containing two floors, with a commodious loft or attic forming a third floor. On each side of this centre portion two wings are erected, the roofs of which are carried up to about half the height of the sides of the first floor of the centre building, consequently they support or buttress the main building, and at the same time afford space for two large spaces 15 feet wide, and36 feet deep, on each side of the centre building. Above these spaces, and level with the first floor, there are narrow rooms intended for storage purposes. The ground floor plan presents a centre shop 36 feet by 18 feet, flanked by the aforesaid wings, which are divided into four rooms, the two front ones being 16 feet by 15 feet, and the two rear ones 20 feet by 15 feet. Viewed from the exterior the building resembles a large quartz battery house, but is much more substantially built in respect to the supports for the upper floors, and shows a better finish. Mr. Hirsch is his own architect and builder, and employs day labour. One novelty he has introduced to- the notice of his neighbours-and his whole proceedings are a novelty-is the coating of all the wood used with what is known' as water glass, a liquid wash which has hitherto been used for stone or cement work only. He believes it will protect his building greatly against the severe climate of Ballan, and also render it less liable to destruction by fire. Perhaps he has applied it rather soon before the sap is out of the wood, but if not there is no doubt that the silicate will be of considerable value to the building. The business which Mr. Hirsch intends carrying on is that of the manufacture of worsted socks, with machines which produce an article equal to the Scotch and German handmade socks, which are seamless, and much more comfortable to wear and more durable than other machine-made socks. ... Mr. Hirsch will stock his premises with sewing machines, furniture, and wholesale groceries. Moreover he contemplates making his own gas, both for lighting and warming purposes, and his ambitious ideas do not even stop there, for he hints at making his own worsted, as the machinery in the colony for the purpose does not give a sufficiently strong staple for his purposes.24F[25]
Hirsch's business at Ballan was to be short-lived as he died in January 1880. The Bacchus Marsh Express reported his death:
Last Sunday a large procession followed to their last resting-place the remains of Mr. B. Hirsch, who died very suddenly last Saturday. The deceased gentleman, some two or three weeks ago meet with a heavy fall in getting out of his wagon, and though attended by Dr. Marr it was felt that, owing to his enormous weight, very little hopes could be entertained of his recovery. At the time of the accident he was 20st. 12lbs. weight, although a short man. He determined last week to go to Melbourne to purchase good for his store in Ballan, and appeared quite hearty to within a few hours of his death, which took place near Myrniong on Saturday night, in his own wagonette, while on the journey home; - and his last home, as it proved. Mrs. Hirsch was with him.25F[26]
In March 1882, Hirsch's property was auctioned, including the land, dwelling and the store which was claimed to be 'the largest building in Ballan, excepting perhaps Flack's hotel'.26F[27] Having cost £2,000, the auction passed in with the highest bid amounting to only £150.27F[28] By 1888, Hirsch's property had passed to his creditor, James Dodgshun, and later to Mrs Catherine Moran, wife of John Moran, contractor.28F[29]
On 18 August 1888, the Bacchus Marsh Express announced that 'the land and building known as Hirsch's, in Steiglitz Street, has been sold by the recent owner, Mr. J. Moran, to Mr. J. Alford, of Maddingley, for £600.'29F[30] Born on 27 January 1832 in Devon, England, he emigrated to South Australia with his brother, William, in February 1855.30F[31] James Alford married Honora Fallon on 26 October 1855 at Encounter Bay, South Australia.31F[32] Having been agricultural labourers in England, James and William were successful in ploughing competitions in South Australia and Victoria.32F[33] In 1873, James Alford purchased 171 acres at Parwan for £530.33F[34] In 1880, the year his wife, Honora, died,34F[35] Alford sold his farm35F[36] in order to establish a grocery and parcel delivery business at Maddingley.36F[37] He built a new stone store there in 1883,37F[38] a year after he married Elizabeth Kell.38F[39] The first of their five children was also born in 1883 at Bacchus Marsh: Ethel Agnes (later known as Elizabeth Agnew).39F[40] Three other children were also born at Bacchus Marsh: Thomas (born 1885), Christina (born 1887) and Annie Jane (born 1888).40F[41]
Enterprising and entrepreneurial, Alford built 'another wooden house near the railway station' at Maddingley in August 1888 at the same time as acquiring Hirsch's property in Ballan.41F[42] The Alford family relocated to Ballan in 1890, where he erected two dwellings with front shops in Inglis Street. The Bacchus Marsh Express described the design as 'ingenious, as the shops can be altered to dwellings without making the change observable.'42F[43] Another two shops and dwelling followed as reported in the Bacchus Marsh Express on 19 July 1890:
The four new shops and dwellings erected by Mr. James Alford at Ballan are now nearly completed and are all of them let, one being occupied by the owner. They are of excellent design, two shops being built together, with a brick dividing wall between, and the two dwellings are recessed at either side, after the manner of wings to a main building. This gives prominence to the shops and privacy to the dwellings, also assists lighting arrangement very materially.43F[44]
A few months later in October 1890, Alford had built the three dwellings at 91-95 Steiglitz Street, using material from Hirsch's former manufactory (that was demolished).44F[45] Although erroneously described as being located in Edols Street, the Bacchus Marsh Express reported on the impending construction of the dwellings:
The tender for the erection of three four-roomed cottages recently called for by Mr. Alford has been let to Messrs. Mehrens & Sawyer. These dwellings, when completed, will enliven Edols Street, wherein at present very few houses are erected and those few greatly scattered.45F[46]
In 1891, Alford's shops and dwellings (including the dwellings at 91-97 Steiglitz Street) were leased William Bosemke, printer; Ostle Casson, police constable; William Horder, plumber; James Lay, labourer; William Norman, stationmaster; and Frank Johnstone, labourer.46F[47] A Miss Kennedy, dressmaker, took over the lease of the dwelling occupied by William Bosemke in 1891.47F[48] Tragically, she died in the following year.48F[49]
It was also in 1892 when James Alford took ill with enlargement of the liver.49F[50] He died in September 1895 as reported in the Bacchus Marsh Express:
Mr. James Alford, a prominent townsman here, and well known in Bacchus Marsh and Maddingley, died on Sunday night, about 8 o'clock. The deceased, who was 62 years of age, had been ailing for many months past, and he recently undertook to go through a heavy task at stock-taking at his grocery store here, which he had disposed of to Mr. J.D. Evans, intending to relinquish business for a more retired life. While thus engaged he had the misfortune to break a blood vessel internally, which, from his already weakened state, culminated in his death. Mr. Alford, since his residence here, showed himself a man of extreme energy by his endeavours to advance the interest of the town by building several commodious business establishments and various handsome villa residences. The public are likewise indebted to him for more evenly gauging the prices of general groceries.50F[51]
At the time his death, the properties at 91-97 Steiglitz Street were valued at £750, being described in the Statement of Assets in Alford's Estate as follows:
Crown allotments one to nine inclusively of Section 21 Township and Parish of Ballan County of Grant, containing 4-2-0, and on which are built 2 four-roomed and 2 five-roomed cottages partly of wood and partly of iron which at the time of the death of the said deceased yielded a gross weekly rent of £1:2:0 ...51F[52]
The properties at 93-97 Steiglitz Street (Photo 9) remained under the ownership of Elizabeth Alford until her death in 1939.57F[58] Ownership was taken up by her daughter, Mrs Elizabeth Agnew Lyle, in 1944.58F[59] She sold the properties at 95 and 97 Steiglitz Street to Stewart Alexander Cowell, a machinist, and Mrs Edith Moysey, respectively, in 1945, while the dwelling at 93 Steiglitz Street was purchased by Henry Joseph Lavery, a railway employee, in 1947.59F[60]
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 9: Aerial image showing dwellings at 91-97 Steiglitz Street (right), 1936.
Source: A Pictorial History of the Shire of Ballan, p.112.
Note: places which were identified in the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2A have been referenced with their unique study identifier (i.e. BLA01). Places which are already included in the Heritage Overlay are referenced by HO number. Places which are not included in the Heritage Overlay nor identified in the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2A have no reference or identifier included.
Other comparable Heritage Precincts in the western region of the Moorabool Shire
There is currently no heritage precincts identified in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay of the Moorabool Planning Scheme. The Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct is one of seven new precincts proposed by the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2.
Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct and Fisken Street Heritage Precinct are comparable in the predominately late Victorian residential built form, although Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct is significantly smaller with a strong historical and aesthetic cohesion due to the relationship between the buildings within the precinct, and its history.
While there are several comparable individual vernacular timber residential buildings in Ballan from this period and proposed by this study for inclusion in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay, these are generally unrelated examples, which standalone rather than in a cohesive aesthetic and historical group.
The dwellings at 91-97 Steiglitz Street are comparable stylistically to a number of Victorian timber dwellings in Ballan proposed for inclusion in the Heritage Overlay by this study. They include the following:
Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct, Statement of Significance, May 2021
Heritage Place: Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct,
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
The Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct, Ballan is significant.
The following features contribute to the significance of the precinct:
The four dwellings at 91-97 Steiglitz Street, constructed between c.1874-c1890 as shown on the precinct map.
The consistent overall single storey residential form (hipped roofs, front post -supported verandahs, brick and rendered chimneys, symmetrical composition), materials (weatherboard wall cladding, brick and rendered chimneys, galvanised corrugated steel roof cladding) and detailing (narrow eaves, central four panelled front doors flanked by double hung windows, surviving cast iron verandah decoration, moulded timber architraves and timber window sills).
Features that do not contribute to the significance of the precinct include non-original alterations and additions to the buildings at 91-97 Steiglitz Street.
The Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct at 91-97 Steiglitz Street is of local historical and aesthetic significance to the Moorabool Shire.
Historically, the Steiglitz Street Heritage Precinct is significant as it contains the only known speculative development of detached timber dwellings remaining in the town (91-95 Steiglitz Street). Further strengthening the historical cohesion of this small group is the association with the original owner, Bernard Hirsch, a German draper, colonial wine dealer and manufacturer who constructed the cottage at 97 Steiglitz Street in 1874, and a large timber structure housing a general store and stocking-weaving factory, located on the land at 93-97 Steiglitz Street. The three cottages at 91-95 Steiglitz Street were built by James Alford as rental properties in the 1890s after Hirsch's death, from materials salvaged from the former general store and manufactory. (Criterion A)
Aesthetically, the Steiglitz Street Precinct is significant as a small group of representative examples of the vernacular style of mid and late-Victorian dwellings typical to Ballan. The design qualities are especially borne out in the hipped roof forms, front verandahs, symmetrical compositions defined by the front central doorways and flanking windows, narrow eaves, chimneys and surviving verandah detailing, in addition to the weatherboard wall construction and timber framing (having been recycled from Hirsch's manufactory building now demolished) and the galvanised corrugated steel roof cladding. (Criterion E)
West Moorabool Heritage Study (Stage 2a) Review, 2021
West Moorabool Heritage Study (Stage 2a) Review, 2021
PLACE NAME: Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms & Bakery Place No. BA042
ADDRESS: 146 & 146A Inglis Street, Ballan Assessment Date: Feb 2016, updated May 2021
Recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Register: No
Recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Inventory: No
Recommended for inclusion as a Heritage Overlay in the Planning Scheme: Yes
Yes - Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions, May 2021
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery building, at 146 & 146A Inglis Street, constructed c.1925-26, is significant.
The Honour Roll affixed to the external wall contribute to the significance of the place.
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery building at 146 & 146A Inglis Street, Ballan is of local historical, aesthetic and social significance to the Moorabool Shire.
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery building at 146 & 146A Inglis Street is of historical significance as one of the few surviving Interwar commercial buildings within Ballan, a period of social and economic growth within the town. The building has associations with commercial development in Ballan during the interwar period, and particularly with Vivian Cullen and his establishment of the Kookaburra café and billiard room in c.1925-26. Of further historical significance is the use of the building from 1958 to the present as the clubrooms of the local branch of the Returned and Services League of Australia (Victoria). (Criterion A)
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery is of aesthetic significance for the unusual composition of typical Interwar shopfront with dwelling which appears to be a very late example of the Edwardian vernacular, apparently constructed at the same time. The single storey, timber weatherboard building exhibits design, composition and detailing typical of the Edwardian period, including the main hipped roof form and projecting minor hipped and gabled wings, turned timber verandah posts and timber brackets. There are no other examples of R.S.L. buildings within the study area. (Criterion E)
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery building at 146 & 146A Inglis Street has social significance for its long and continuing association with and use by the Ballan branch of the Returned and Services League of Australia as their clubrooms since 1958. (Criterion G)
It is recommended that the heritage overlay is applied to the site at 146 & 146A Inglis Street, and the front verandah outside the Title boundary as shown on the following map (Photo1).
Please note that the curtilage extends to the street to include the projecting verandah on 146a Inglis Street.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and bakery building, 146 & 146A Inglis Street, Ballan, is located on a modest rectangular allotment on the street boundary. There are side setbacks, with a gravelled and grassed driveway on the east side and a grassed area on the west side. The yard is grassed and gravelled. The west setback at the front is a formal, paved area with a central flagpole. Affixed to the east wall of the neighbouring building at 148A Inglis Street and facing onto the paved area is a metal Roll of Honour.
The single storey, timber weatherboard, conservative interwar era building has a main hipped roof form, together with minor hipped and gabled wings that project towards the front. These roof forms are clad in corrugated sheet metal and there are modest eaves with exposed timber rafters. The hipped wing represents part of the R.S.L. building and extends to form a return verandah supported by turned timber posts with decorative timber brackets. This verandah detailing is more common on Edwardian dwellings and is therefore a very late example. There is a hipped roofed verandah (also supported by turned timber posts with decorative timber brackets) towards the rear on the west side (an early identical verandah on the east side has been infilled with timber weatherboards). Under the return verandah of the front hipped wing is an early faceted bay window with timber framed casement windows and leadlighted highlights above. There is an early vertically boarded timber door with upper glazed panel at the northern end of the verandah, beyond which is an early segmentally-arched timber framed window (with introduced frosted glazing) and other timber framed double hung windows. The external red brick chimneys are early and they have corbelled tops with terra cotta pots.
The front projecting gabled wing has an original timber framed two-paned shopfront with ingo to an original timber framed door opening. There are early highlights above the shopfront windows and base walls of brick construction (now overpainted). The early timber bargeboards to the gable end survive, as do the timber framed double hung windows on the east elevation. The projecting post-supported verandah has been introduced, having replaced an original cantilevered verandah.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 3: Metal Roll of Honour attached to east wall of the neighbouring building at 148A Inglis Street, 2009.
While the Werribee Hunt Hotel was built in 1848 at Ballan, it was to be another two years before the northern portion of the village was surveyed by Assistant Surveyor Malcolm in 1850.69F[70] Comprising a grid layout to the south of the Werribee River, the township was named "Ballan" after Robert von Stieglitz's nearby Run. von Stieglitz had bestowed this name to his Run after his birthplace in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.70F[71] In these fledgling years, the township was centred on Simpson Street, given that the Werribee Hunt Hotel was the only substantial building and it was on the route to Portland Bay.71F[72] From these early years, Ballan was destined to become an important service town in the Western Moorabool Shire region.
The original Town Plan only included township allotments to the north of Steiglitz Street. It appears that it was not until 1872 when the remainder of the township was laid out and allotments created. By the early 1860s, Ballan progressed as a small service town for the surrounding farming and agricultural industries, and as a stopping place along the mail and gold escort route to Ballarat. It boasted a flour mill (where Anglican Church services were first held until 1853), an Anglican Vicarage (built in 1849), Anglican Church (built in 1862), hotels, a small number of stores and dwellings, and a court house. Importantly, it was the location of the Ballan Road District proclaimed in 1862, becoming the centre of local government from this time, including the home of the Ballan Shire from 1864 and the Moorabool Shire from 1994 until recently.72F[73] By 1872, the township had made further progress, with the main commercial centre having relocated to Inglis Street, but Ballan was still recognised as a rural outpost rather than a thriving township.73F[74]
By 1890, the population of Ballan had reached 400.74F[75] It accommodated a bank, numerous stores and shops, four churches, State School, Mechanics Institute and Free Library, Shire Hall, Court House, racecourse, cricket and recreation reserve, flour mill, wind mill, rifle, cricket and football clubs and 'six good hotels.'75F[76] The longer term potential of Ballan as a successful service town was realised in 1889 with the opening of the railway line. This gave impetus for the operation of a monthly cattle market and more broadly, the township as a transport hub for agricultural produce. In 1893, 6268 acres of land were under cultivation in the Ballan area.76F[77] From the 1890s until the early 1920s, Ballan - and particularly its railway transport of produce and livestock - was a hive of industry. There were four goods trains per day, six days a week, trucking chaff, oaten hay, bales of straw, oats, wheat potatoes, onions, pigs, cattle, and particularly sheep.77F[78]
History of the Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms & Bakery Building
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery building at 146 & 146A Inglis Street is situated on part of allotment 7 of Section 4 in the Township of Ballan first purchased by George Flack in the early 1850s.78F[79] Flack was a draper from England who, with his wife, Catherine, and children, emigrated to Melbourne in 1851 and established a drapery store in Collingwood.79F[80] In late 1854 he had established a store in Inglis Street and by 1860 he had opened the Ballan Hotel.80F[81] The site at 146 Inglis Street remained vacant land and after George Flack's death in 1900, the land had still not been sold in 1901.81F[82] It appears that the land was acquired by Mrs Minnie Windsor in 1915, at the time her husband, Edward, took up the lease of Flack's Ballan Hotel (Edward Windsor purchased the hotel in 1921).82F[83] The land remained unimproved in 1920-21 and again in 1925-26 when it had been sold in part to Vivian Cullen and Gilbert Cowan (and occupied by Cullen).83F[84]
It would appear that the existing former dwelling and shop were constructed in 1925-26 for Vivian Cullen, and possibly financed by Gilbert Cowan.84F[85] Architecturally, the hipped roofed dwelling which formed a front return verandah supported on turned timer posts with decorative timber brackets and timber balustrades was a very late example of Edwardian (as opposed to interwar) design, which might suggest that the building was relocated from elsewhere (Photo 4). A front projecting gabled wing on the east side represented Cullen's Kookaburra Café and the building also accommodated a billiard room85F[86] and private dwelling. There was a projecting cantilevered verandah over the footpath.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 4: Cullen's Kookaburra Café, Billiard Room and Dwelling, n.d., c.1930s.
In 1930-31, the dwelling and café had a net annual value of £70.86F[87] Cullen continued to operate the café in the ensuing years, although by 1940-41 Donald Arthur Cameron was the occupier.87F[88] In 1945, Cullen leased the property to the United Felt Hat Company Pty Ltd (known as Fayrefield Hats factory) and Thomas Bell.88F[89] The hat factory employed several local women (Photo 5).
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 5: Female employees outside the Fayrefield Hats factory, 1946.
Vivian George Valentine Cullen was born at Ballan in 1889, the son of Charles and Elizabeth Cullen (nee Morgan).89F[90] By the early 1900s, Vivian Cullen was employed as a station manager at Ballan.90F[91] He married Daisy Myrtle Lillian Watson and they had two children: Charles Kitchener Cullen in 1915 and Vivian Jasper Anzac Cullen in 1916.91F[92] Cullen's second son, Vivian, was born months after Vivian senior embarked on the HMAT Palermo for enlistment in World War One.92F[93] It appears that Vivian and Daisy Cullen had a troubled marriage as on Vivian's return from the war he divorced Daisy in 1919 on account of having 'left her little ones and gone with the travelling Maori band.'93F[94] Cullen married Gilbertine May Naylor in 1926,94F[95] about the time the Kookaburra Café and billiard room was built at 146 & 146A Inglis Street. Tragically, Cullen's son, Vivian, took his own life at the age of 19 years in 1935.95F[96] By 1940, Vivian Cullen senior had 'branched out and became a carrier in the town.'96F[97] He died at Ballan in 1955 at the age of 66 years.97F[98]
Cullen's café and billiard room did not form part of his real estate at the time of his death.98F[99] It was acquired by the Returned and Services League of Australia (Victorian Branch) and converted into clubrooms that were officially opened on 11 November 1958.99F[100] The local branch of the R.S.L. had formed in 1919.100F[101] Later, on 25 April 1972, an Honour Board listing local R.S.L. Office Bearers was unveiled (Figure 3).101F[102] A metal honour board listing the members of the Australian Defence Forces who settled on the soldier settlement farmland of the Beremboke Estate (1949) and Ingliston Estate (1957) was unveiled in later years.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 6: Mr Dudley Erwin, M.P., unveiling the Honour Board at the R.S.L. Clubrooms on Anzac Day, 1972. On the left is Mr R.G. Lindsell (President) and centre is Mr H.R. Chambers, who was the inaugural President in 1919.
Source: A Pictorial History of the Shire of Ballan, p.150.
Note: places which were identified in the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2A have been referenced with their unique study identifier (i.e: BLA01). Places which are already included in the Heritage Overlay are referenced by HO number. Places which are not included in the Heritage Overlay nor identified in the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2A have no reference or identifier included.
The development of service towns like Ballan, mining towns (Blackwood, Gordon and Egerton), and agricultural townships such as Bungaree from the mid-19th century included the establishment of general stores, grocers, drapers and other commercial buildings to service the surrounding gold mining, or farm or timber industries. Some of the general and produce stores were associated and/or attached to other businesses, such as chaff mills the at Bungaree.
Today, less than 20 purpose-built shops and stores survive in the western region of the Moorabool Shire. One reason for the loss of commercial buildings has been fluctuations in populations (particularly for gold mining towns) and natural disasters, such as the bushfire of 1916 that destroyed much of Gordon's main street.
There are no other examples of R.S.L. buildings within the study area.
Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms & Bakery, Statement of Significance, May 2021
Heritage Place: Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms & Bakery
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery building, at 146 & 146A Inglis Street, constructed c.1925-26, is significant.
The Honour Roll affixed to the external wall contributes to the significance of the place.
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery building at 146 & 146A Inglis Street, Ballan is of local historical, aesthetic and social significance to the Moorabool Shire.
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery building at 146 & 146A Inglis Street is of historical significance as one of the few surviving Interwar commercial buildings within Ballan, a period of social and economic growth within the town. The building has associations with commercial development in Ballan during the Interwar period, and particularly with Vivian Cullen and his establishment of the Kookaburra café and billiard room in c.1925-26. Of further historical significance is the use of the building from 1958 to the present as the clubrooms of the local branch of the Returned and Services League of Australia (Victoria). (Criterion A)
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery is of aesthetic significance for the unusual composition of typical Interwar shopfront with dwelling which appears to be a very late example of the Edwardian vernacular, apparently constructed at the same time. The single storey, timber weatherboard building exhibits design, composition and detailing typical of the Edwardian period, including the main hipped roof form and projecting minor hipped and gabled wings, turned timber verandah posts and timber brackets. There are no other examples of R.S.L. buildings within the study area. (Criterion E)
The Ballan R.S.L. Clubrooms and Bakery building at 146 & 146A Inglis Street has social significance for its long and continuing association with and use by the Ballan branch of the Returned and Services League of Australia as their clubrooms since 1958. (Criterion G)
West Moorabool Heritage Study (Stage 2a) Review, 2021
West Moorabool Heritage Study (Stage 2a) Review, 2021
PLACE NAME: St. John's Anglican Church Place No. BA057
ADDRESS: 56 Simpson Street, Ballan Assessment Date: Feb 2016, updated May 2021 & Aug. 2025
Recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Register: No
Recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Inventory: No
Recommended for inclusion as a Heritage Overlay in the Planning Scheme: Yes
Yes - bell tower, stone gate piers and associated metal gates
St. John's Anglican Church, at 56 Simpson Street, Ballan, constructed 1861-1862, is significant. Elements of the place which contribute to the significance are the c.1861-2 church, the mature Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress trees, headstones located to the east of the chancel (relocated to the site), stone gate piers and memorial gates, metal plaque fixed to the reveal of the main door, bell and bell tower in the front garden.
Elements which do not contribute to the significance of the place include the timber garage and outbuilding to the north east of the site, landscaping, modern buildings including the Parish Hall and Mena Prior Memorial Parish Centre, front and side fencing, concrete gate piers and orbs.
The St. John's Anglican Church, 56 Simpson Street, is of local historical, aesthetic and social significance to the Moorabool Shire.
St. John's Anglican Church, 56 Simpson Street, is historically significant for its associations with the earliest years of Anglicanism in the fledgling township of Ballan from 1849, and particularly with the life and development of the Church of England at Ballan throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Built in c. 1861-62 St. John's Church was built to the design of the Diocesan Architect, Leonard Terry, and has been in continuous use by the Anglican congregation for over 150 years. A church bell has been located on the site since 1874, and a roof added to the existing bell tower in c.1909. Of further historical significance are the headstones relocated from the Old Ballan Cemetery in 1964, and represent the Anglican community's commemoration of Robert Steiglitz, considered to be the 'founder' of Ballan. The significance is in embodied headstones, which have been removed from their original location in an attempt to celebrate Robert Steiglitz through the 'conservation' via relocation of his family grave headstones. (Criterion A)
St. John's Anglican Church, 56 Simpson Street, is aesthetically significant as a local landmark at Ballan, being the earliest of the three surviving 19th century church buildings in the town. Although altered, St. John's Church is also one of the earliest known rural church designs of the Diocesan Architect, Leonard Terry, being one of just two surviving church buildings of this particular stylistic type (the other being St. James' Anglican Church, Mortlake) by the architect. The Early English Gothic Revival styled design remains clearly discernible, having been inspired by the highly influential work of the Gothic Revival English Architect, A.W.N. Pugin. This is particularly defined in the composition of the steeply pitched, gabled nave with minor gabled chancel and the projecting side vestry (the hipped roof form being distinctive of Terry's work). Originally intended to be crowned by a bellcote (identical to that at St. James' Church, Mortlake), this was also a feature borrowed from the earlier designs of Pugin, including his design of St. Paul's Roman Catholic Church, Oatlands, Tasmania, built in 1850. The well-detailed timber bell tower is a complementary element to the church and contributes to the aesthetic significance of the complex. The mature plantings of Monterey Cypress provide an attractive and traditional setting for the place, and are a later, but contributory planting. (Criterion E)
St. John's Anglican Church, 56 Simpson Street, is socially significant for its long and continuous use as a place of worship and meeting to the Anglican and broader Ballan community for over 150 years. Past parishioners have been memorialised throughout the complex in the form of decorative stained-glass windows in the church itself (the most notable being the Ferguson & Urie stained glass chancel window in in memory of Juliet Vivian Lyon who died in 1874 and that of the nave, in memory of Rebecca Ocock). Other examples including tablets, fixtures and fittings and the stone gate piers commemorate the pioneers of the Ballan district. The relocated headstones are also an interesting expression of community celebration/conservation of early pioneering history. (Criterion G)
St. John's Anglican Church is considered to have sufficient integrity and historical, architectural and social heritage value to meet the local significance threshold.
The mature Monterey Cypress trees, surviving headstones to the east of the chancel, stone gate piers and gates, metal plaque fixed to the reveal of the main door, and the bell tower in the front yard make a significant contribution to the historical and aesthetic values of the church site.
The following fabric has either been greatly altered or has been introduced after the significant period of development for the site (between the 1840s and 1940s) and therefore has no heritage significance (this does not suggest that this fabric may not be valued by members of St. John's Church):
It is recommended that the heritage overlay is applied to the portion of the site containing the St. John's Church and front and side settings, as shown on the following map (Photo 1).
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
St. John's Anglican Church, 56 Simpson Street, Ballan, is situated on a large rectangular allotment on the north side of the street, and on sloping ground that leads to the Werribee River. The church building has a large setback from the front boundary, comprising an open, grassed area having perimeter garden beds as well as a variety of trees. There are also mature Monterey Cypress trees in the wide eastern side setback and mature Monterey Pine and other trees to the north-west of the church building. Towards the western end of the front setback is a trussed timber bell tower constructed of stop-chamfered members. It is surmounted by a bell enclosed with a gabled bellcote. Also in the western portion of the site is a gravelled driveway that provides access from Simpson Street to the rear of the site. There is a smaller driveway immediately adjacent the main driveway (comprising the traditional driveway) that provides direct access to the western end of the church. The entrance to this driveway from Simpson Street is defined by two stone gate piers (with concrete cappings) surmounted by an arched iron rod supporting a suspended lantern light. There are also open steel trussed vehicular gates. Similar stone gate piers with metal framed and cyclone wire gates are located at the east end of the front boundary, giving access to a grassed driveway that leads to a recessive garage. At the west end are introduced masonry piers crowned by orbs. The front is also bound by a hollow steel post and rail and cyclone wire fence, approximately 1200 mm high.
Adjacent to the base wall of the chancel (the east elevation of the church building) are three headstones, having been relocated from the old Ballan Cemetery. The first (southern-most) headstone reads: "In Memory of Walter Francis, son of Henry Lewis Stieglitz Esq., of Rosemount Van Diemens Land, who died 11 Jul 1852, Aged 2 Years"; the second headstone reads: "Sacred to the Memory of Charlotte, Widow of the late Henry Lewis Stieglitz, of Cookstown, Ireland, who died the 22 Nov 1852, Aged 68 Years" (there is also a plaque at the base of the headstone that reads: "These stones were removed in 1964 from a family grave in the old Ballan Cementary [sic.] Charlotte was the mother of Robert von Stieglitz, founder of Ballan"); and the third (northern most) headstone reads: "In Memory of Francis Atkinson Esqr., of Beramboke, late of Killiney [?] Ireland, who departed this life the 11 Jul 1850 aged 67 years, also Charlotte, his daughter, who died 20 Mar 1850, aged 19 years, also Francis, his son, who died 9 Sept 1852, aged 12 years."
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 2: St. John's Church, front yard, fence and stone gate piers (east end), looking to mature Cypress trees to the east of the church, 2014.
Photo 3: St. John's Church, front yard, looking west, 2014.
Photo 4: St. John's Church, front memorial gates, 2009.
Photo 5: St. John's Church, west vehicular gates, looking north-east to bell tower in front yard, 2009.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 6: von Stieglitz and Atkinson family headstones, 2014.
The bluestone, Early English Victorian Gothic Revival styled, church building is characterised by a steeply-pitched, gabled roof form that traverses the site, together with a gabled chancel to the east end. These roof forms are clad in introduced terra cotta tiles. The six-bayed nave (comprising the main gabled form) is defined by the projecting raked, rendered buttresses with bays of paired pointed-arched, stained glass lancet windows set in quoined, rectangular freestone surrounds. At the east end of the south façade of the nave is an original door opening with freestone surrounds, and an introduced timber framed and multi-paned door. The north and south elevations of the chancel feature identical windows as the nave, while on the east elevation is a more substantial Decorated pointed arched chancel window. The principal, west end of the nave features a central pointed-arched door opening accentuated by freestone dressings and quoinwork, and a freestone stringcourse that frames the doorway. There are early pointed-arched vertically boarded doors with decorative iron hinges. Above the doorway are paired pointed-arched lancet windows with quoined, freestone dressings and diamond leadlighted glazing. Above the lancets is a blind freestone oculus. Within the reveal of the main doorway is a metal plaque that reads: "1861-1961: To commemorate the first hundred years of Saint John's Church of England, Ballan, and the establishment at Ballan of the first inland Parish in Victoria in 1849."
On the north side of the church building is an original, tiled, hipped roofed vestry, while at the west end is the shallow-pitched roofed, late 20th century, Mena Prior Memorial Centre wing that links the church building to the postwar era, brick Parish Hall, which has a shallow skillion roof form set on an east-west axis.
Internally, the church has a central axis flanked by Victorian Gothic Revival styled timber pews. The walls are hard plastered. A focus of the interior is the chancel, with the timber altar lit by the stained glass tracery window, and which also features timber altar rails. The ambience of the interior is also created by the decorative stained glass windows. Other early features of the interior include the eagle lectern, altar lectern, timber World War One Honour Board, memorial marble tablet to William Charles Musgrave (died 1875), memorial brass tablet to Elizabeth Foster (died 1922), clergy prayer desk and chair, sanctuary lamp and a tapestry.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 7: St. John's Church, west & south elevations, 2014.
Photo 8: St. John's Church, east & south elevations, 2014.
While the Werribee Hunt Hotel was built in 1848 at Ballan, it was to be another two years before the northern portion of the village was surveyed by Assistant Surveyor Malcolm in 1850.102F[103] Comprising a grid layout to the south of the Werribee River, the township was named "Ballan" after Robert von Stieglitz's nearby Run. von Stieglitz had bestowed this name to his Run after his birthplace in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.103F[104] In these fledgling years, the township was centred on Simpson Street, given that the Werribee Hunt Hotel was the only substantial building and it was on the route to Portland Bay.104F[105] From these early years, Ballan was destined to become an important service town in the Western Moorabool Shire region.
The original Town Plan only included township allotments to the north of Steiglitz Street. It appears that it was not until 1872 when the remainder of the township was laid out and allotments created. By the early 1860s, Ballan progressed as a small service town for the surrounding farming and agricultural industries, and as a stopping place along the mail and gold escort route to Ballarat. It boasted a flour mill (where Anglican Church services were first held until 1853), and Anglican Church, hotels, a small number of stores and dwellings, and a courthouse. Importantly, it was the location of the Ballan Road District proclaimed in 1862, becoming the centre of local government from this time, including the home of the Ballan Shire from 1864 and the Moorabool Shire from 1994 until recently.105F[106] By 1872, the township had made further progress, with the main commercial centre having relocated to Inglis Street, but Ballan was still recognised as a rural outpost rather than a thriving township.106F[107]
By 1890, the population of Ballan had reached 400.107F[108] It accommodated a bank, numerous stores and shops, four churches, State School, Mechanics Institute and Free Library, Shire Hall, Court House, racecourse, cricket and recreation reserve, flour mill, wind mill, rifle, cricket and football clubs and 'six good hotels.'108F[109] The longer term potential of Ballan as a successful service town was realised in 1889 with the opening of the railway line. This gave impetus for the operation of a monthly cattle market and more broadly, the township as a transport hub for agricultural produce. In 1893, 6268 acres of land were under cultivation in the Ballan area.109F[110] From the 1890s until the early 1920s, Ballan - and particularly its railway transport of produce and livestock - was a hive of industry. There were four goods trains per day, six days a week, trucking chaff, oaten hay, bales of straw, oats, wheat potatoes, onions, pigs, cattle, and particularly sheep.110F[111]
The Beginnings of the Anglican Church at Ballan
The beginnings of the Church of England at Ballan were from January 1849, when the Reverend William Hall and his wife, Elizabeth arrived at Ballan to become the district's first resident Vicar.111F[112] Ballan was the first inland parish to have a resident Anglican clergyman.112F[113] The Rev. and Mrs Hall took up temporary residence at John von Steiglitz's station Ballanee. Worship, baptisms and other services were initially held in the nearby Beremboke, Ballark and Bungeeltap stations, as well as private properties.113F[114]
Appointed by the Bishop of Melbourne, Charles Perry, the Rev. Hall was instructed to build a parsonage at 'some central spot' in the Ballan village so that he could 'itinerate' among the '13 or so stations.'114F[115] By April 1849, steady progress was made on its construction. The completed parsonage was reported in The Argus in September 1849:
At Ballan, there is now a resident clergyman, (The Rev. W. Hall,) who itinerates though a district of about 30 miles in diameter, holding services on Sundays at the different stations in rotation. A parsonage house has been built, towards which the Bishop granted £150 from his English fund, on the understanding that the settlers should endeavour to raise the whole stipend of the clergyman, £200, among themselves. Of this £110 have been already paid for the present year.115F[116]
The parsonage, together with two outbuildings, was constructed in the north-west corner of the church site, overlooking the Werribee River (Figure 1). The timber weatherboard parsonage building had a hipped roof form, as did the larger of the two outbuildings (Photo 9). Services were subsequently held in the large drawing room of the parsonage in the ensuing years. Sunday School classes were first accommodated at Thomas Spice's slab hut near the Werribee River.116F[117] After the arrival of the Rev. J. Potter in 1854, Sunday School classes were held in an outbuilding belonging to the parsonage until a brick schoolhouse was built in 1855 on land designated as early as 1850 for a school building in the south-west corner of the church site117F[118] (Figure 1). It served as a Denominational School during the week and it was also used as a Church for worship services118F[119] (Photo 10 and 11).
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Figure 1: W. Malcolm, Assistant Surveyor, Ballan Town Plan, February 1850, lithographed 24 August 1856, showing Church of England site, Denomination School Site and Parsonage, with Parsonage buildings outlined.
Photo 9: Young's Flour Mill with hipped roofed Parsonage in the background (right) and hipped roofed outbuilding behind, 1863. Also note St. John's Church, with the base of the belfry constructed on the west gable.
Source: Ballan Shire Historical Society collection.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 11: St. John's Church schoolhouse, n.d. [c.1970]
The arrival of the Rev. Henry Windle in November 1859 brought about the building of a Church on the Simpson Street site.119F[120] Designed by the Diocesan Architect, Leonard Terry, tenders were called for its construction in March 1860.120F[121] Delays subsequently ensued and it was not until 10 March 1861 when the foundation stone was laid by Mrs. C.H. Lyon of Ballanee Homestead.121F[122] Bishop Charles Perry officiated. Construction continued throughout 1861 by the contractor, Mr Taylor of Bacchus Marsh. The carpentering work was carried out by Mr Reichman with his foster son, Mr. Lemcke as assistant.122F[123] By the end of January 1862, buildings works were almost complete.123F[124] On 30 March 1862, St. John's Church was opened and dedicated by Bishop Perry (owing to the insolvency of the contractor, St. John's took a heavy debt which was not relieved until 1879, when the building could be consecrated).124F[125]
Constructed of bluestone with freestone dressings, the Victorian Gothic Revival styled, steeply-pitched and parapeted gabled building was characterised by a nave and chancel, and side hipped-roofed vestry. The newly-completed building featured in The Australian News for Home Readers in 1865 which, in addition to an engraving (Photo 12), gave the following description:
The neat little building, shown in the engraving, is the newly erected Episcopal Chapel, at Ballan, a distance of about sixty miles from Melbourne. The building has been raised solely by the exertions of the congregation, and is a pleasing instance of the progress of Christianity in the provincial districts of Vitoria. The chapel belongs to the Gothic order of architecture, and is commodious enough to meet the requirements of the Episcopalians of Ballan. The nave is 57 feet by 25 feet in extent, and the chancel 10 feet 3 inches by 21 feet.125F[126]
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 12: L. Terry, Engraving of the Episcopal Chapel, Ballan, 1865
Source: The Australian News for Home Readers, 25 March 1865, p.5.
A crowning feature of the Church was to be a bellcote surmounted by a Celtic cross. Apart from the stone base (shown in Photo 9), the bellcote was never constructed. At some later stage, possibly in the 19th century, the bellcote base was removed as it was not shown in a 19th century photograph of the building (Photo 13). The hipped roofed vestry that was planned for the east end of the south elevation was also built on the north side (Photo 15), while only two bays of ventilator gables in the nave roof faces were constructed, as opposed to the original five bays.
Photo 13: St. John's Anglican Church, n.d. [c.1870], without belfry base.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 14: St. John's Church, main west gable end, 1974
Source: J.T. Collins, La Trobe Picture collection, State Library of Victoria, image jc000664.
Photo 15: St. John's Church showing west elevation of hipped roofed vestry and north elevation of nave, 1974.
Source: J.T. Collins, La Trobe Picture collection, State Library of Victoria, image jc000663.
Later Alterations & Additions to the Church Building
With the death of Mrs Juliet Vivian Lyon (nee Anderson) in March 1874, a memorial stained glass window was erected to her memory in the chancel of St. John's Church.126F[127] The work of the colonial stained glass craftsmen, Ferguson and Urie, the two-lighted stained glass window depicted 'Faith and Hope'.127F[128] It was installed in late 1874. Mrs Lyon was the wife of Charles Lyon (1826-1905) of Ballanee, where they settled after their marriage in 1859 and where they had five children: Clara, Lily Mary, Violet Mary, Vivian Hugh and Charles Gordon.128F[129] Just thirteen years before her passing, Mrs Lyon had laid the foundation stone to St. John's Church.129F[130]
It was also in late 1874 when the Bacchus Marsh Express reported on the making of a 'very tolerable sized church bell' at Mr Blake's.130F[131] Made of steel, it weighted 1 cwt. and cost £16.131F[132] It is unclear when and where the bell was installed at St. John's, given that the bellcote was never built. It seems to have been in operation soon after completion and certainly by 1900 when the bell was rung to warn of an approaching bushfire.132F[133]
Another stained glass window was installed at St. John's in 1883 in memory of Mrs Rebecca Ocock, wife of the pioneer solicitor of Ballan, Richard Ocock and mother-in-law of Dugald Macpherson, pioneer grazier of Bungeeltap station.133F[134] The Bacchus Marsh Express reported on the installation of the window in March 1883:
The stained glass window in memory of the late Mrs Ocock has been put in St John's church. It is small but very handsome. It represents on one side the figure of the Good Shepherd, holding a lamb in his arms, and on the other, the figure of St John the Evangelist. The inscription under the former is 'I am the Good Shepherd' and under the latter 'Little children love one another' and below these 'In memoriam, Rebecca Ocock died 23rd August 1882'. The whole is most tasteful and handsome, and is executed in Ferguson and Urie's well-known style. The window was presented by the relations and connections of the deceased lady.134F[135]
Further changes were made to the interior in 1888. They involved the varnishing of the furniture and ceiling, and distempering the walls and chancel at a cost of £30. The chancel was also decorated.135F[136]
Considerably more substantial alterations were made in the 20th century. The crumbling interior hardplaster on the walls of the chancel (which had painted decorations) were removed and replaced by Mr Williams of Ballarat in 1921.136F[137] Six years later in 1927, electric light was installed in the church and vicarage.137F[138] Ten years later in 1937 much-needed repairs were made to the masonry and stained glass chancel window.138F[139] In August 1953, a Fabric Fund under the title of 'Queen Elizabeth II Thanksgiving Fund' was established for raising funds for the repairs and alterations of the church.139F[140] Some of the damage to the walls had been caused by thick ivy growth over a number of years.140F[141] In 1954, the works included the replacement of the slate roof with terra cotta tiles (which also involved the removal of the freestone parapets in the gable ends), unpinning of the west wall with concrete.141F[142] Four years later in 1958, the interior was replastered and finished in 'cream colourtex'.142F[143] Two new windows were installed in the west and the ceiling and pews were revarnished. According to Backhouse, et.al., in Our Journey: The Anglican Parochial District of Ballan and Bungaree:
The concrete floor of the church, in a poor state of repair and covered with coir matting, was levelled and boarded over with polished Tasmanian hardwood. The cost of the new floor was £500, which was provided by the Ladies' Guild.143F[144]
It was also in 1958 when new carpet was laid in the sanctuary, chancel, aisle and baptistery and a porch, 'donated by Mr and Mrs Les Hook graced the entrance to the church', which was also constructed by Mr Hook.144F[145]
In addition to the stained glass windows in memory of Juliet Lyon and Rebecca Ocock, Backhouse, et.al. provides a list of fittings and fixtures that have been important to the life of the Church and/or are memorials to past parishioners.145F[146] Other stained glass windows in the nave were installed in memory of Mrs Sarah Lidget and her son Robert Larence Lidgett, Georgiana Blake, Edward Blake, Thomas William Fagg, Elizabeth Fagg, and Ellen Adelaide Parker.146F[147]
Other Building Developments at St. John's Church
In 1870, the old parsonage was in such a dilapidated state that it required demolition. A new Vicarage was proposed for the incoming Vicar, the Rev. Louis Alexander Baker. The Bacchus Marsh Express reported that the new building was in progress in December 1870.147F[148] Constructed of bluestone and handmade bricks, it was situated on the same site as the earlier residence.148F[149] This parsonage was to last 70-80 years. In the mid 1940s, the Diocesan Architect, Mr. Richards, advised that 'it was unwise in every way to repair the present Vicarage.'149F[150] It was replaced in 1947-48 by a Mr Mason. Located at the east end of the church fronting Simpson Street, the new Vicarage was opened on 2 June 1948.150F[151]
Until 1967, the old schoolroom built in 1855 (and extended in 1912151F[152]) functioned as both the Parish Hall and Sunday School. As early as 1961, a new hall was proposed but it was not until 1966-67 that construction commenced on the existing hall to the north of the church.152F[153] It was designed by Mr Strickland (Figure 2) and constructed of Bessa brick by Mr E. Kovacs.153F[154]
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Figure 2: R.L. Strickland & Associates, Elevation & Section Drawings of proposed Sunday School at Ballan, 13 May 1966.
Source: Public Building file, VPRS 7882 Unit 4161 PROV.
The original schoolroom was subsequently demolished in early 1971 by members of the Vestry. The bricks were transported to Sovereign Hill, Ballarat for recycling.154F[155]
In 1985, the Mena Prior Memorial Parish Centre was built between the church and the Parish Hall.155F[156] A doorway was installed in the north-west corner of the church. Built in memory of Mrs Mena Prior who died in 1985 and bequeathed the sale of her house to St. John's Church, the Parish Centre incorporated a foyer, meeting room, kitchen and Rector's office.156F[157]
Mr A. Blake in 1909 requested that the Vestry 'arrange for some shelter at the bell, cost not to exceed £1.'157F[158] Considering the small sum (equivalent to less than $200 in 2025), and the documented previous use of the bell in 1900, it appears that referred to the addition of the small roof at the top of an existing bell tower. In 1983, the structure 'required strengthening of the foundations and re-roofing as well as stabilising [of] the timber frame.'158F[159] The works were carried out by Joe Smallman, Stan Young, Jack Ranke and his son, Nick, while Mrs Prior donated the shingles and her sister, Mrs Molly Reaby, donated $50.159F[160]
In 1937, a fence fund was organised by the St. John's Ladies Guild so that the old fence could be replaced. Work commenced in April 1937 with the construction of stone gate piers at the entrance to the church fronting Simpson Street.160F[161] An iron arch was built over the main gates by Mr Cowell, and a lamp was hung from its apex.161F[162] A second set of stone gate piers were also built at the eastern end of the front boundary, giving access to the previous driveway of the Vicarage. A front fence was built in memory of the Rev.W.E. Kaneen at a cost of £50/5/9 and it was dedicated by Bishop Johnson of Ballarat162F[163]. The stone gate piers and metal gates were dedicated in memory of the pioneers of the Ballan district.163F[164] The existing hollow steel post and rail and cyclone wire was constructed to mark the centenary of the Ballan Shire in 1962, the costs having been borne by the Ladies Guild.164F[165] It would appear that the concrete gate piers at the western end were built after the construction of the Parish Hall in 1967.
In April 1963 to mark the centenary of St. John's Anglican Church at Ballan, the Vestry sought to relocate the headstones of members of the von Stieglitz and Atkinson families, pioneers of the Ballan district and inaugural members of St. John's Church, to the church grounds (Photo 16). As outlined by Backhouse et.al.:
The tombstones of Charlotte, Francis and Francis Atkinson, and Charlotte and Walter Francis Stieglitz are situated next to the east wall of the church. They were fixed in place by Messrs. J. Ranken, H. Hume, H. Lidgett, P. Lidgett and L. Dellar.165F[166]
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 16: von Stieglitz and Atkinson family headstones, 1975.
Source: J.T. Collins, La Trobe Picture collection, State Library of Victoria, image 000665.
The incumbent at St. John's Church was the Rev. William Hall, who, with his wife, Elizabeth, emigrated from England to Melbourne in November 1848.166F[167] They relocated to Ballan in January 1849. The Rev. Hall was responsible for the construction of the first parsonage and the reservation of the old Ballan Cemetery, in addition to his role of establishing the first inland Anglican Parish in Victoria.167F[168] In April 1853, the Rev. Hall resigned from his charge at Ballan. He was replaced by the Rev. J.W. Schoales who in turn was replaced by the Rev. J. Potter in November 1854.168F[169] He was responsible for establishing the Denomination School at Ballan.169F[170] The Rev. J.T. Schleicher was appointed to Ballan in 1855.170F[171]
In November 1859, the Rev. Henry Windle became the Vicar at Ballan.171F[172] During his incumbency, St. John's Church was constructed. The Rev. Windle remained at St. John's for six years, during which time he conducted Sunday workshop twice daily at Ballan and also at Gordon and Egerton. He also conducted a monthly service at Blackwood.172F[173] Windle Street was named in his honour in later years.
Other incumbents at St. John's in the 19th century included Mr. H.F. Scott (1865-1868); Rev. H.I. Edwards (1868 - 1870); Rev. L.A. Baker (1870-1874); Rev. G.F. Cross (1974-1877); Rev. Julius Lewis (1878-1879); Rev. C. Campbell (1879); Rev. J.F. May (1879-1884); Rev. W.H. Geer (1884-1889); Rev. J.C. Atkinson (1889-1899); and the Rev. J.H. Chaseling (1899-1903).173F[174]
Other Early Key Figures in the Development of St. Paul's Church
Several pioneer figures were influential in the development and progress of St. John's Church of England in the early years. They included John von Stieglitz of 'Ballanee' who greatly assisted in the building of the parsonage, amongst other tasks and works.174F[175] Messrs. Richard Ocock and Arthur T. Musgrave, solicitors of Ballan, were Lay Helpers.175F[176] A.T. Musgrave was also Honorary Secretary of St. John's Vestry and Superintendent of the Sunday School until 1881.176F[177] Another Lay Helper was C.H. Lyon, later of 'Ballanee', who was Honorary Treasurer of the Ballan Church of England School Board in the 1850s.177F[178] In latter part of the 19th century, Edward Blake, sawmiller of Blakeville and Marcus Mason Mogg, grazier of Yallock Vale served as Church Wardens for 30 years as well as Lay Representatives at Church Assembly. Edward Blake was also Treasurer of the Vestry at the time of his death in 1901.178F[179]
Note: places which were identified in the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2A have been referenced with their unique study identifier (i.e: BLA01). Places which are already included in the Heritage Overlay are referenced by HO number. Places which are not included in the Heritage Overlay nor identified in the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2A have no reference or identifier included.
St. John's Anglican Church is one of four churches established in Ballan in the 19th century, and the earliest of the three surviving today. The other churches are:
Leonard Terry and Other Similar Churches to St. John's, Ballan181F**[182]**
Leonard Terry was born in Yorkshire, England in 1825, the son of a timber merchant. In 1853 he emigrated to Melbourne and six months later he was employed by the architect and surveyor, Charles Laing.
By 1856, Terry had established his own architectural practice in Collins Street West. From 1857, he was the principal designer of banks in Victoria and from 1860 for buildings for the Anglican Church, having been appointed Diocesan Architect. Indeed, Bruce Trethowan claims that Terry was the 'most prolific architect' from 1860 until 1884182F[183]. Terry's first known design came in late 1856 when he designed Sands and Kenny's printing house in Collins Street West. His first bank commission was for additions to the Union Bank in Melbourne in 1857. In all of his bank work, Terry favoured a Renaissance palazzo approach. This stylistic mode is epitomized in his design of the Bank of Australasia building, corner of Sturt and Lydiard Streets, Ballarat, constructed in 1863.183F[184]
As Anglican Diocesan Architect, Terry designed many Anglican churches. He also vetted the designs of other churches. Along with extensions to St. Paul's Anglican Church, Ballarat East (which was later dismantled and rebuilt), St. John's Church, Ballan, appears to be one of his earliest-recorded commissions, as both building were constructed in 1862. According to Miles Lewis, 'Terry churches were generally of bluestone, and in fairly austere Early English or Decorated Gothic and, with the exception of [the church at] Birregurra, well composed and satisfying.'
Terry also carried out designs for the Roman Catholic Church in 1870, probably in association William Wilkinson Wardell. This work appears to have occurred during a lull in Terry's practice from the late 1860s. Business improved after taking into partnership the former Ballarat architect, Percy Oakden, who brought in numerous Nonconformist church and school commissions.
Married in 1855 to Theodosia Mary Welch, he fathered six children. After the death of Theodosia, he married Esther Hardwick Aspinall in 1866, who bore him three children. Terry died on 23 June 1884 of a thoracic tumor at his home in Collingwood. In 1900, the late Leonard Terry was described as 'a man of much more than ordinary ability, and ... [had a] modest, unassuming and gentlemanly manner.'
Of the numerous Victorian Gothic Revival styled Anglican Church designs by Leonard Terry, the most comparable with St. John's, Ballan, is St. James' Anglican Church, Shaw Street, Mortlake. It was built two years after St. John's in 1864-65.184F[185] St. James' Church features the same steeply-pitched, gabled nave with rear minor gabled vestry, crowning bellcote above the main gable end and a recessive side hipped roofed vestry. It has experienced some alterations and additions, including the replacement of the slate roof with galvanised corrugated steel, and particularly the parapeted masonry porch that projects from the main gable end. Constructed of bluestone, St. James' Church is a slightly more rudimentary and smaller example, having a four-bayed nave with paired pointed-arched windows. The location of the side hipped roofed vestry and the crowning bellcote reflect Leonard Terry's original design intentions for St. John's.
Inspiration for the designs of both St. John's and St. James' Anglican Churches by Leonard Terry appears to have emanated from the highly influential work of the Gothic Revivalist and staunch Roman Catholic English Architect, A.W.N. Pugin (1812-1852). In particular, Terry's St. John's and St. James' designs have a direct affinity to Pugin's design of St. Paul's Roman Catholic Church, Oatlands, Tasmania, built in 1850.185F[186] The composition of the steeply-pitched gabled nave and minor gabled chancel and especially the crowning bellcote at the west end are those familiar design traits found in Terry's work. He also transposed the side gabled porch of Pugin's designs for the hipped roofed vestries at St. John's and St. James'.
St. John's Anglican Church, Statement of Significance, May 2021
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
St. John's Anglican Church, at 56 Simpson Street, Ballan, constructed 1861-1862, is significant. Elements of the place which contribute to the significance are the c.1861-2 church, the mature Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress trees, headstones located to the east of the chancel (relocated to the site), stone gate piers and memorial gates, metal plaque fixed to the reveal of the main door, bell and bell tower in the front garden.
Elements which do not contribute to the significance of the place include the timber garage and outbuilding to the north east of the site, landscaping, modern buildings including the Parish Hall and Mena Prior Memorial Parish Centre, front and side fencing, concrete gate piers and orbs.
St. John's Anglican Church, 56 Simpson Street, is of local historical, aesthetic and social significance to the Moorabool Shire.
St. John's Anglican Church, 56 Simpson Street, is historically significant for its associations with the earliest years of Anglicanism in the fledgling township of Ballan from 1849, and particularly with the life and development of the Church of England at Ballan throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.
Built in c. 1861-62 St. John's Church was built to the design of the Diocesan Architect, Leonard Terry, and has been in continuous use by the Anglican congregation for over 150 years. A church bell has been located on the site since 1874, and a roof added to the existing bell tower in c.1909. Of further historical significance are the headstones relocated from the Old Ballan Cemetery in 1964, and represent the Anglican community's commemoration of Robert Steiglitz, considered to be the 'founder' of Ballan. The significance is embodied in headstones, which have been removed from their original location in an attempt to celebrate Robert Steiglitz through the 'conservation' via relocation of his family grave headstones. (Criterion A)
St. John's Anglican Church, 56 Simpson Street, is aesthetically significant as a local landmark at Ballan, being the earliest of the three surviving 19th century church buildings in the town. Although altered, St. John's Church is also one of the earliest known rural church designs of the Diocesan Architect, Leonard Terry, being one of just two surviving church buildings of this particular stylistic type (the other being St. James' Anglican Church, Mortlake) by the architect. The Early English Gothic Revival styled design remains clearly discernible, having been inspired by the highly influential work of the Gothic Revival English Architect, A.W.N. Pugin. This is particularly defined in the composition of the steeply pitched, gabled nave with minor gabled chancel and the projecting side vestry (the hipped roof form being distinctive of Terry's work). Originally intended to be crowned by a bellcote (identical to that at St. James' Church, Mortlake), this was also a feature borrowed from the earlier designs of Pugin, including his design of St. Paul's Roman Catholic Church, Oatlands, Tasmania, built in 1850. The well-detailed timber bell tower is a complementary element to the church and contributes to the aesthetic significance of the complex. The mature plantings of Monterey Cypress provide an attractive and traditional setting for the place, and are a later, but contributory planting. (Criterion E)
St. John's Anglican Church, 56 Simpson Street, is socially significant for its long and continuous use as a place of worship and meeting to the Anglican and broader Ballan community for over 150 years. Past parishioners have been memorialised throughout the complex in the form of decorative stained-glass windows in the church itself (the most notable being the Ferguson & Urie stained glass chancel window in in memory of Juliet Vivian Lyon who died in 1874 and that of the nave, in memory of Rebecca Ocock). Other examples including tablets, fixtures and fittings and the stone gate piers commemorate the pioneers of the Ballan district. The relocated headstones are also an interesting expression of community celebration/conservation of early pioneering history. (Criterion G)
West Moorabool Heritage Study (Stage 2a) Review, 2021
West Moorabool Heritage Study (Stage 2a) Review, 2021
Assessment Date: Feb 2016, updated Oct 16, updated May 2021 and July 2025
Recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Register: No
Recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Inventory: No
Recommended for inclusion as a Heritage Overlay in the Planning Scheme: Yes
Yes - Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions, May 2021
The Bridge Hotel at 190 Bungaree Wallace Road, Bungaree, constructed c.1930, is significant, including the raised lettering in the two gable ends reading "BRIDGE HOTEL".
Only the brick section of the hotel fronting the Bungaree Wallace Road is significant. The non-original alterations and additions in brick and timber (post 1990) are not significant.
The Bridge Hotel, 190 Bungaree Wallace Road, Bungaree is of local historical and aesthetic significance to the Moorabool Shire.
Historically, the c.1930 brick portion of the Bridge Hotel is significant for its enduring associations with a hotel business on this site since c.1870, and particularly from 1930 when the front portion of this hotel building was re-built following a cyclone for the Ballarat Brewing Company, who owned the hotel from 1902-1960. (Criterion A)
The hotel has aesthetic significance as an unusual example of an interwar era brick hotel in the western region of the Moorabool Shire. Only one of five surviving examples of its type, and one of two surviving examples in Bungaree, the building is distinct from other comparable examples for its distinctive design, particularly the composition of the roof forms, jerkin-head roofed front wings projecting from the main hipped roof, with broken back verandah between. The original (or reconstructed) fabric such as the tiled roof cladding, face brick and roughcast wall construction, broad eaves, brick chimneys, window openings, verandah piers, columns and balustrade, and the signage lettering also contribute to the aesthetic significance. Situated on higher ground at the western end of Bungaree, the hotel is a local historic landmark. (Criterion E)
It is recommended that the heritage overlay is applied to part of the site at 109 Bungaree Wallace Road as shown on the following map (Photo 1).
Note that this takes in approximately 12m of the Road Reserve, as measured from the northern title boundary, on which the majority of the brick section of the hotel is built:
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
The Bridge Hotel, 190 Bungaree Wallace Road, is located on a large, contextually shallow allotment on high ground nearby the west bank of the Gong Gong Creek. There are wide side setbacks and rear fenced yards which are characterised by open grassed areas and some trees. The hotel building is situated on the front boundary with high corrugated sheet metal fencing on each side. At the rear are an early gabled timber outbuilding and other outbuildings.
The symmetrical, single storey, face brick, interwar era hotel building has a main hipped roof form that traverses the site, together with projecting minor front wings with jerkin head roofs and a central broken back verandah. At the rear are hipped roofed wings. There are broad eaves and face brick chimneys with rendered tops. The entire roof is currently clad in concrete tiles. Other features of the design include the roughcast wall finish under the eaves and in the gable ends of the front wings, paired window openings (including the timber framed double hung windows under the front verandah, the other paired aluminium framed windows having been introduced), brick and roughcast verandah piers and balustrade (with concrete cappings) that supported squat round Doric concrete columns, eaves brackets to the projecting front wings and the "BRIDGE HOTEL" signage lettering in the gable ends to the front wings.
At the rear is a late 20th century shallow hipped roofed brick addition with a corrugated sheet metal roof.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 4: Bridge Hotel showing front & east elevations, 2016.
The Early History of the Bungaree186F**[187]**
The rush to Ballarat, Blackwood, Gordon and other goldfields in the 1850s, and the subsequent political uprising of the Eureka stockade in Ballarat brought social reforms and measures to alleviate the land crisis. The reduction of the mining industry in the late 1850s instigated a call to 'unlock the land' for closer settlement. The Nicholson Land Act of 1860, Duffy Act of 1862 and the Grant Land Act of 1865 (refined in 1869) sought to open land selection for the small farmer, giving rise to the land settlement in the Moorabool Shire.
The small agricultural settlement of Bungaree developed as both a service town for the surrounding farming community and as a result of passing trade. Following the construction of the 'north' road of the Melbourne to Ballarat Road, Bungaree was soon strategically situated at the intersection of this major roadway and the road to Creswick. The earliest farm lots were taken up in 1859.187F[188] Before 1858, R. Benham, farmer and storekeeper, had a commercial store south of "The Junction" near the southern bank of Two Mile Creek (fronting what is now Lesters Road).188F[189] He had been successful in obtaining a rural store licence.189F[190] This seems to have been the earliest commercial enterprise at what became known as Warrenheip Junction and then Bungaree Junction. It appears that the opening of the Junction Hotel soon followed, along with another three hotels.190F[191] By 1863, parcels of land ranging from 40 acres to 184 acres were taken up by farmers, sawmillers and other selectors.191F[192] It was at this time when the Bungaree District Road Board was proclaimed on 16 January 1863 and Bungaree became the headquarters of the fledgling Board. A pressing need was the opening up of surveyed roads and 'an influential meeting of saw mill proprietors, farmers and others interested in the opening up of the district (the former of whom were well represented)' was held at the local hotel to consider a way of achieving this.192F[193] A Post Office was established near the south-west corner of the road junction on 1 August 1863 and two years later in 1865 a meeting was held to establish an Anglican Church and in 1867 a school room was built that initially served as a church and school.
The progress of the settlement was however based on the influx of farmers and saw millers. Bungaree was never officially surveyed or proclaimed a town. The arrival of the railway in 1879 brought the settlement closer to the Melbourne and Ballarat markets for the transport of potatoes, other crops and timber. By 1890, the population reached 450 and there was a savings bank, post and money order office, three hotels, State and denominational schools, two churches, insurance company, steam flour mill, sawmill and railway station.
On 10 July 1866, Peter Martin of Ballarat purchased 28 acres and 36 perches comprising allotment 5 of Section 2A in the Parish of Warrenheip, with a frontage to the Melbourne Road.193F[194] He appears to have established a premises on the site prior to taking up the freehold, as the Ballarat Star reported on the construction of a culvert over the Gong Gong Creek 'near Martin's, Bungaree', on 24 July 1866.194F[195] The property passed to John Livingston, a storekeeper of Melbourne Road, Ballarat East, on 26 August 1867 (Martin having previously taken out a mortgage for the property from Livingston).195F[196] No documentary evidence has uncovered an application for a publican's licence by either Martin or Livingston.196F[197]
Livingston's ownership of the property was short-lived as he sold it to James James, a carter of Warrenheip, on 11 February 1869.197F[198] By 1870, James had established the Bridge Inn as it was shown on the Ballaarat & Ballaarat East Water Supply Geological Survey of Country in the Parishes of Bungaree & Warrenheip at this time (Figure 1).
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Figure 1: The Ballaarat & Ballaarat East Water Supply Geological Survey of Country in the Parishes of Bungaree & Warrenheip, 1870, showing the location of the Bridge Inn (far left) the Morning Star Hotel, Post Office, Grand Junction Hotel and Police Station shown on the right at the road junction. Source: Bungaree & District Historical Society.
James appears to have continued to operate the Bridge Inn until he sold the property to James McGuan, a farmer of Warrenheip on 8 January 1894.198F[199] He leased the Inn (which had then taken the name Bridge Hotel) to John and Mary Sanders in the ensuing years.199F[200] On the death of James McGuan in 1900, the property was bequeathed to his nieces, Mrs Mary Embleton and Mrs Annie Coghlan, both of Bolwarrah.200F[201] The property was briefly described as 'Land, Warrenheip, 28 ac 36 pc and Hotel thereon, valued for Probate at £900' at the time of McGuan's death.201F[202] In 1901, the hotel property was advertised for sale in the Gordon Advertiser:
Tuesday 22nd October, 1901, at 3 o'clock, on the ground. The Bridge Hotel, Bungaree, and 28 acres, 39 perches splendid Agricultural land, in the Estate of James McGuan, deceased. To Hotelkeeper, Farmers, Capitalists, etc. Instructed by the Ballarat Trustees Executors and Agency Co. Ltd., Mrs. Coghlan and Mrs. Embleton will sell by auction as above. This excellent Hotel property at Bungaree Junction, known as the Bridge Hotel, consisting of bar and eight other rooms, with necessary outbuildings. The freehold is allotment 5 of section 2, parish of Warrenheip, and consists of 28 acres 39 perches of first class agricultural land in the heart of Bungaree. The soil is the best volcanic chocolate. The position is good, on the main Melbourne road, close the Bungaree township and railway station. The hotel with two acres of land is let at 17/6 a week for five years from 1st March last.202F[203]
The northern portion of McGuan's property including the Bridge Hotel was sold on 13 February 1902 to Coghlan and Tulloch's Ballarat Brewing Company Limited.203F[204] The hotel continued to be operated by Mrs Sanders, and in late 1913 additions were carried out to the hotel, possibly at the rear.204F[205] In 1918, Mrs Sanders was fined 'for having had her bar door open at 9.45 on 26th December.'205F[206] A similar charge was made against the publican of the hotel in 1923, Vera Saunders, who admitted to having the bar door unlocked '13 minutes' past the legislated closing time of 6 pm.206F[207] A year earlier in 1922, 'a cyclonic storm' had caused substantial damage to the hotel building including 'two chimneys blown down, and windows smashed.'207F[208]
On 20 September 1930, the Construction and Real Estate Journal reported that £1300 worth of improvements were 'to be made to the Bridge Hotel in Bungaree (Vic.).'208F[209] This suggests that the new brick hotel was built at the front of the site this time, possibly replacing the original timber structure. The rear timber additions constructed in 1913 appear to have been incorporated in the new building.209F[210] No documentary evidence has been uncovered giving the designers of the new building. It may have been the work of the well-known Ballarat architectural firm of Clegg and Morrow, as their design of the Toddlers' Block for the Ballarat Orphanage, Ballarat East (built in 1929 with additions of identical design in 1939) being strikingly similar (Photo 5).210F[211] In particular, the broad hipped roof form, projecting jerkin-head wings, tile roof cladding, face red brick wall construction with a roughcast finish under the eaves and the front verandah piers and columns were those design features of the Bridge Hotel that had been employed by these architects for the Toddlers' Block.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 5: James Kerslake Wing (built 1939) of the former Toddlers' Block, Ballarat Orphanage, Ballarat East (HO177 Ballarat City Council), showing similar, contextually unusual projecting wings with jerkin head roof forms with terra cotta tile roof cladding and face brick wall construction and roughcast render in the gable ends.
The redevelopment of the Bridge Hotel at Bungaree in the interwar period came at a time of business expansion of the Ballarat Brewing Company. First established by the Irish goldminer, James Coghlan in 1857, he had soon gone into partnership with James Tulloch 'and together they outlasted many competing breweries which had mushroomed up during the gold-rush days.'211F[212] Becoming a registered company in 1895, the business name changed to The Ballarat Brewing Co. Pty Ltd. in 1910.212F[213] Throughout the early 20th century, the company continued to expand. In 1937, the Portland Guardian reported that 'The Ballarat Brewing Co. Ltd. has been extending its operations in recent months by purchasing or securing interests in additional hotels in country districts in various parts of the State.'213F[214] Two years later in 1939, the company purchased additional hotels and 'a substantial amount was spent in rebuilding and improving other hotel properties.'214F[215]
Throughout the first half of the 20th century, Ballarat Brewing retained ownership of the Bridge Hotel and in the 1950s a Mr Ryan was the publican.215F[216] On 1 June 1962, the Ballarat Brewing Company sold the hotel to William John and Mary Agnes Mangles, hotelkeepers of Bungaree.216F[217] They retained ownership for seven years until 1969.217F[218] In 1992, the hotel was substantially damaged by fire.218F[219] The rear wings of the building, including the original timber residence219F[220] and the addition of 1913, were 'burnt to the ground but the front brickwork was still standing.'220F[221] The damaged rear portion was later replaced with a new rear hipped addition and the main brick portion was retained and repaired. The damaged rear walls of the front portion of the building were rebuilt using new and reclaimed bricks.221F[222] Roof bearers, roof tiles, eaves and guttering were also replaced, as were the windows and doors, the front window openings in the flanking wings having aluminium framed windows introduced.222F[223]
Note: places which were identified in the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2A have been referenced with their unique study identifier (i.e: BLA01). Places which are already included in the Heritage Overlay are referenced by HO number. Places which are not included in the Heritage Overlay nor identified in the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2A have no reference or identifier included.
During the interwar years, new hotels were constructed, either as replacements of earlier buildings, as a consequence of changing populations and licensing regulations, or as a result of natural disasters. The latter was the reason for construction of The Morning Star Hotels at Bungaree as the earlier hotel building had been substantially damaged by a tornado in 1927.
Several hotels were established at Bungaree Junction in the early years, the first being the Grand Junction Hotel in c.1863 on the south-east corner of the junction of Melbourne and Creswick Roads.223F[224] It closed in 1885 when Robert McClymont commenced business at the former Morning Star Hotel at 248 Bungaree Wallace Road (BRE016),this hotel having been established in c.1864, the building being replaced in c.1880s and again in 1928 with the existing brick structure).224F[225] In 1865, there were five applications for publican's licenses at Bungaree by Isaac Ross of Melbourne Road (who had The Harrow Hotel), James McGrath (who had McGrath's Hotel), Simon Bentley (who had Bentley's Hotel), James Peet (who had the Bush Inn), and Seth Persse (who had the Junction Hotel).225F[226] Further north from Bungaree Junction at the intersection of Creswick and Blackswamp Roads was the Race Course Hotel (built in 1865226F[227] -now the site of a dam) and the Emerald Isle Hotel (built by 1870, the year the Bridge Inn appears to have been established near the west bank of the Gong Gong Creek).227F[228]
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 6: Former Morning Star Hotel, 248 Bungaree Wallace Road, Bungaree, 2009.
George William Clegg was born in Ballarat in 1870, the son of Thomas Clegg a merchant who came to Ballarat in the 1850s. Clegg was educated at Ballarat being trained by the architectural firm of Tappin, Gilbert and Dennehy from 1885-89.228F[229] They had offices in Melbourne and Sydney as well as a Ballarat office run by Charles Gilbert. Clegg joined the firm in 1889 and in 1890 he entered into partnership with C.N. Gilbert, his former employer.229F[230] This partnership was subsequently dissolved and Clegg joined the Ballarat-based firm of Kell and Miller (with whom he had already done some work). In 1895, the firm was known as Clegg and Miller.230F[231] From 1898 the partnership of Clegg and Miller designed a wide range of buildings throughout central and western Victoria.231F[232] These included churches, shops, grandstands, warehouses, hotels, houses, hospitals, banks and public buildings such as halls and mechanics institutes.232F[233] The firm formally became Clegg and Morrow from 1914.233F[234] Clegg was also an instructor in architecture and building construction at the Ballarat School of Mines, and a Fellow of the Royal Victorian Institute of Architects.234F[235] He died on 9 May 1958.235F[236]
William Clarke Morrow was born in Ballarat in 1874, the son of Henry Morrow, a pioneer mining investor of the 1850s.236F[237] He was educated at the Macarthur Street State School, University College and the Ballarat School of Mines.237F[238] At the School of Mines, Morrow as a pupil in architecture of G.W. Clegg.238F[239] For some years, Morrow was a building contractor before joining the architectural firm of Clegg and Miller which by 1916 became Clegg and Morrow.239F[240] For a short period between 1928 and 1929, the firm was known as Clegg, Morrow and Cameron.240F[241] William Morrow died on 4 July 1945.241F[242]
Throughout the various personnel changes Clegg was the designer and he was also an accomplished draftsperson.242F[243] William Morrow appears to have been first appointed as a Clerk of Works, assisting with the dialogue between client and builder.243F[244] He later took up design work in the office. The practice of Clegg and Morrow were responsible for a large number of hotel designs (mainly in Ballarat) from 1914 until the 1930s. They included the Cattleyards Hotel, Ballarat (c.1922-30); alterations to the Gem Hotel, Ballarat; The Hotel Central, Ballarat; alterations to the Unicorn Hotel, Ballarat (HO115 Ballarat City Council, H1911); Brewery Tap Hotel, Warrenheip; Hotel, Newlyn; and alterations and additions to Gracedale House, Healesville; (1927).244F[245] Stylistically, none of these other hotel designs appear to be directly comparable to the design of the Bridge Hotel, the most comparable example of the firm's work with the hotel being the former Toddlers' Block at the Ballarat Orphanage (HO177 Ballarat City Council) (as previously outlined).
Other Brick Interwar Hotels in the western region of the Moorabool Shire
It appears that hotel licensing regulations forced several hotel establishments to be either upgraded or replaced. Today, the Bridge Hotel, 190 Bungaree Wallace Road, Bungaree, is one of five single storey brick hotels built in the western region of the Moorabool Shire during the interwar (1920s-1940s) era.245F[246] The other hotels are: the former Morning Star Hotel, 248 Bungaree Wallace Road, Bungaree (1928)(BRE016); Gordon Hotel, 92 Main Street, Gordon (GOR037); Mineral Springs Hotel, Ballan Daylesford Road, Korweinguboora; and the Lal Lal Falls Hotel, Lal Lal (recommended for inclusion in the Lal Lal Heritage Precinct proposed in the West Moorabool Heritage Study). These single storey buildings have gabled and/or hipped roof forms clad in tiles, face red brick construction and modest porches, following a similar design and appearance as the Bridge Hotel. They all appear to be predominantly intact.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 7: Gordon Hotel, 92 Main Street, Gordon, 2009.
Overall, the Bridge Hotel is an unusual example of one of the surviving interwar era brick hotel buildings in the western region of the Moorabool Shire, one of two surviving hotel buildings in Bungaree and the only licensed hotel in Bungaree.
Bridge Hotel, Statement of Significance, May 2021
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
The Bridge Hotel at 190 Bungaree Wallace Road, Bungaree, constructed c.1930, is significant, including the raised lettering in the two gable ends reading "BRIDGE HOTEL".
Only the brick section of the hotel fronting the Bungaree Wallace Road is significant. The non-original alterations and additions in brick and timber (post 1990) are not significant.
The Bridge Hotel, 190 Bungaree Wallace Road, Bungaree is of local historical and aesthetic significance to the Moorabool Shire.
Historically, the c.1930 brick portion of the Bridge Hotel is significant for its enduring associations with a hotel business on this site since c.1870, and particularly from 1930 when the front portion of this hotel building was re-built for the Ballarat Brewing Company, who owned the hotel from 1902-1960. (Criterion A)
The hotel has aesthetic significance as an unusual example of an interwar era brick hotel in the western region of the Moorabool Shire. Only one of five surviving examples of its type, and one of two surviving examples in Bungaree, the building is distinct from other comparable examples for its distinctive design, particularly the composition of the roof forms, jerkin-head roofed front wings projecting from the main hipped roof, with broken back verandah between. The original (or reconstructed) fabric such as the tiled roof cladding, face brick and roughcast wall construction, broad eaves, brick chimneys, window openings, verandah piers, columns and balustrade, and the signage lettering also contribute to the aesthetic significance. Situated on higher ground at the western end of Bungaree, the hotel is a local historic landmark. (Criterion E)
West Moorabool Heritage Study (Stage 2a) Review, 2021
West Moorabool Heritage Study (Stage 2a) Review, 2021
ADDRESS: 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook Assessment Date: Feb 2016, updated May 2021 & July 2025
Recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Register: No
Recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Inventory: No
Recommended for inclusion as a Heritage Overlay in the Planning Scheme: Yes
Yes- layout on all three levels, original window and door joinery, masonry skirtings, fireplace mantles, pencilled graffiti on the wall of the first-floor central north room, and in the two ground-floor front rooms also plaster cornices, papier mâché ceiling centres, oil paint on joinery and skirtings, and paint on walls and ceilings.
Yes - row of four (4) mature Oak trees and mature Pear, Apple and Plum trees.
Yes - Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions, May 2021
Oakvale, at 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook, constructed in 1875, is significant. This includes remnants of limewash on the external brickwork and internally: the internal layout on all three levels (excluding new closet partition), original window and door joinery, masonry skirtings, fireplace mantles, and pencilled graffiti on the wall of the first-floor central north room: also, in the two ground-floor front rooms, plaster cornices, papier mâché ceiling centres, oil paint on joinery and skirtings, and paint on walls and ceilings.
The row of four English Oak trees to the south-east of the dwelling and mature specimens of Pear, Apple and Plum to the north contribute to the significance of the place.
Oakvale at 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook is of local historical and aesthetic significance and rarity value to the Moorabool Shire.
Oakvale, 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook has historical significance for its associations with early private farming developments in the Millbrook area which became highly successful and enduring after the unlocking of the land in the early 1860s. Built in 1875 for Robert Luke McDowell and his wife, Mercy (nee Bridges), Oakvale was also the home of their ten children. Their financial success is illustrated both by the substantial size of the dwelling and the inclusion of servants' quarters in the raised basement. The mature specimens of fruit trees (Apple, Plum, Pear) to the rear of the house are remnants of a substantial early orchard which contributes to an understanding of a former way of life associated with pastoral properties which were largely self-sufficient in the 19th and early 20th century. The row of four English Oak trees to the south-east of the residence date from a similar period to the house. Their original design function is now lost, but the row provides evidence of a deliberately designed landscape element associated with substantial homestead garden - such as a carriage drive or garden boundary. Throughout the 19th century, Robert McDowell farmed the land. After his death in 1904, the property was owned by his son, Herbert, until 1910 when it was sold to William and Mary Clifford. With his brother, Herbert, on a neighbouring property, William Clifford cultivated potatoes at Oakvale through the first half of the 20th century. His children left pencilled graffiti in an upstairs bedroom. The Clifford family continued to own the property until 1997. (Criterion A)
Oakvale, 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook, is aesthetically significant as the earliest, substantial two storey brick farm dwelling in the western region of the Moorabool Shire. Other homesteads of equivalent or larger scale were built in the 1880s and 1890s to different designs. Oakvale demonstrates original design qualities of a Victorian Georgian style in its rectangular, symmetrical face brick facades, hipped roof and narrow eaves. Stylistically, it is comparable to only the former Commercial Bank and the former Post and Telegraph Office, Ballan, built in 1857 and 1874 respectively. In particular, the features which contribute to the aesthetic significance include the symmetrical, two storey, rectangular facades surmounted by hipped roof forms with narrow eaves, three-bayed composition on the main (east) façade with a centrally located, segmentally-arched ground floor door opening (timber framed transom above) and flanking segmentally-arched timber framed, 12 paned double hung windows, three window openings on the first floor, stone ground floor window sills and brick first floor window sills, rear segmentally-arched ground floor door opening at the west end, with a four panelled timber door and transom, two rear timber framed segmentally-arched window openings with timber framed twelve paned double hung windows and brick sills, timber framed 12 paned double hung windows on the north and south elevations, three face brick chimneys with simple corbelled tops, face brick wall construction and the corrugated sheet metal profile roof cladding. Internally, the two front rooms of the ground floor retain their original decorative features, including plaster cornices, papier mâché ceiling centres, timber architraves to doors and windows, and masonry skirtings, illustrating mid-Victorian fashions, such as the picking out of cornices in multiple colours. (Criterion E)
Oakvale, 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook, is of rarity value, thanks to the survival of original and early finishes externally and internally to the house. Externally, the well-burnt brickwork was embellished by the use of limewash, and has never been overpainted with modern paints. Internally, the house retains all original partitions, features such as mantelpieces and skirtings, as well as original and very early (2nd generation) oil and distemper paint finishes in the two ground-floor front rooms, which are a rare survival both in Moorabool and in the State of Victoria more widely. (Criterion B)
It is recommended that the heritage overlay is applied to the Oakvale property as shown in the following aerial image:
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Oakvale at 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook, is located on a rural allotment surrounded by grassed and cropped paddocks, on an elevated rise. The house garden is largely characterised by open grassed areas, with Pear, Plum and Apple trees to the north east, a row of English Oak to the south east and a range of much later plantings of Eucalypt and ornamental trees and shrubs generally to the west. There are a number of gabled outbuildings to the north-west of the dwelling that are now excised from the Oakvale property.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 2: Trees at Oakvale. Row of four English Oak Trees located to the south east of the residence (in pink) and fruit trees to its north. (Nearmap, annotated by Plan Heritage, 2025).
The row of four mature English Oak (Quercus robur) planted to the south-east of the residence are a deliberately planted row, although their function in the larger design of the garden is not known. As this row of trees is in line with the south side of the house's front façade (which faces east), it is possible that they indicate the location of an earlier carriage drive. However, the earliest aerial photograph obtained of this side, from 1976, show the current southern driveway alignment, so this remains theoretical. The two eastern-most trees of the row and the two trees at the western end of the row are planted at similar intervals (approximately 5 metres apart). A 'gap' between the two pairs of trees of approximately 10m indicates the loss of a tree at the centre of this row.
These Oaks have a consistent range of Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) between 0.95m and 1.1m and a similar canopy spread. One tree (tree 3) has a slightly smaller DBH and canopy spread than the other trees. This is due to an early mechanical wound to the trunk which has likely caused significant stress to the tree in the past.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 3: Row of trees, looking north-east (note gap between the eastern and western pair indicating the loss of a tree), 2025.
To the north and east of the house are a number of mature fruit trees. The trees are not laid out in rows or an ordered formation. Their locations are visible on the aerial above (Photo 2).
A large Pear (Pyrus comminus) and Apple (Malus domestica) are located to the north of the residence (trees 5 and 6). Both trees are substantial examples of their species, having large DBH and extensive canopies, and based on their size date from the late nineteenth century. A smaller Pear (tree 11) is also located in this area, and although not as substantial is likely to date from a similar period to the other Pear.
To the north-east of the residence is a very mature Plum tree (Prunus domestica) which has decayed and failed structurally, split and continues to grow (tree 7). This is the earliest of the Plum trees in this location, and appears to date from the nineteenth century, based on its size and canopy spread. Numerous mature specimens of Plum surround the earliest plum, and are likely to be self-seeded in the early to mid-twentieth century.
Photo 4: Mature apple tree (tree 6) to the north of the residence - note substantial girth of trunk, 2025.
Photo 5: Mature pear tree to the north of the residence - note substantial girth of trunk, 2025.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 6: Over-mature Plum tree to the north-east of residence (tree 7), 2025.
The symmetrical, two storey, face brick, Victorian Georgian styled dwelling is characterised by a hipped roof form with a traversing ridgeline to the front (east) elevation, together with double hipped roof forms that project at the rear (west). These roofs are clad in corrugated sheet metal. There are narrow eaves and three early face brick chimneys with simple corbelled cappings adorn the roofline. The symmetry of the design is defined by the three-bayed composition on the main (east) façade, which has a centrally located, segmentally-arched door opening (with what appears to be an introduced three panelled timber door with original timber framed transom above) on the ground floor, with flanking original, segmentally-arched timber framed, 12 paned double hung windows. On the first floor are three original window openings (the central window being boarded over). The ground floor windows have stone sills, with brick sills to the first floor windows. The rear (west) elevation has an original segmentally-arched ground floor door opening with a four panelled timber door and transom at the west end and two original timber framed segmentally-arched window openings with timber framed twelve paned double hung windows and brick sills. Similar windows are located on the north and south elevations. There is evidence of a previous single storey skillion wing on the west wall, as well as what appear to be an introduced door opening with a four panelled timber door and transom.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 7: Oakvale front (east) elevation, viewed from Boundary Road, 2009.
There have been at least three applications of limewash to the external brickwork of the house. Over time, the limewash has weathered away, remaining in sheltered areas beneath eaves and windowsills. The front (east) elevation of the house retains the most extensive areas of limewash. The first limewash finish was white (untinted), and this was followed by a traditional ochre (yellowish) limewash which may have been tinted with mineral pigments or with the use of copperas (iron sulphate). The front (east) elevation was given a further (later) coat of limewash which is tinted brick-red, with picking out of the window arches and "quoins" using white limewash. Considering the good quality and hardness of the bricks, the limewash was applied for aesthetic reasons and was not essential to shed moisture.
Overall, the dwelling is in fair condition and predominantly intact. The house sat empty for some years, leading to falling damp and flooding of the basement. Some of the windows have deteriorated, with temporary patching or removal, with the central first floor window being boarded over.
Raised basement: The raised basement formed the service areas of the house, including the kitchen. This division of service and served areas is indicative of the relative wealth of the first owners of Oakvale.
The finishes, including wall, floor and ceiling materials, are only in fair to poor condition, due to past flooding. The servants' staircase, originally located at the west end, has been removed. The kitchen fireplace hearth remains in the south-west room, with a hot water tank installed at its back. This is one of the rivetted iron ship's tanks of a type that was used from the 1850s onwards to transport goods from Great Britain to Australia. They were frequently recycled for use as rainwater tanks and hot water tanks. This tank is severely corroded.
The basement floor sits approximately 2 metres below the water table level, requiring an integral drainage system to prevent flooding. Based on the current owner's investigations, the original drainage system is believed to function as follows. During construction, the excavation in the parent ironstone clay was sloped toward the south-east corner of the basement, leading to a 10-inch earthenware pipe. A layer of rubble topped with render was then laid to create a basement floor that would allow excess ground water to filter through to the outlet pipe. The pipe drained the water downhill to an open gully south of the house. In recent years, the pipe has been extended further south (with concrete piping) and the gully filled in.
Front ground-floor rooms: These two front rooms were designed to be representative (that is, public-facing) and are the highest in the hierarchy of decoration. In particular, they are the only rooms in the house that have cornices (run from plaster) and ceiling centres (moulded from papier mâché). The south-east room is further distinguished by the picking out of the cornice in three colours, and retention of a timber mantelpiece.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 8: Ceiling of the south-east (front) room, showing the plaster cornice picked out in three colours and the papier mâché ceiling centre, 2025.
The north-east room has the same cornice and ceiling centre, but the entirety of the walls, cornice, ceiling, and ceiling centre are painted in a single colour, indicating that this room was not actually on public show.
Both rooms also have moulded timber architraves to doors and windows, and masonry skirtings with a simple nosing at the top. (Note that masonry skirtings were not uncommon in the 19th century, as they were very resistant to impact). All joinery and skirtings are finished in an Indian Red oil paint.
The south-east room appears to have retained exposed (that is, never repainted) finishes on the walls and door joinery. The walls are painted in a matte yellow finish which may be a washable distemper. The door joinery has only an undercoat and the current Indian Red finish coat. There is a slight overlap of the Indian Red atop the wall distemper, indicating the distemper has never been washed off and replaced. The masonry skirting, however, has been repainted once, both times in the same Indian Red oil paint. This reflects the traditional economical approach to house painting, where elements were only touched up or repainted when absolutely necessary. Skirtings absorb frequent mechanical damage, when furniture, brooms and mops bump up against them, hence the need for repainting.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 9: Ceiling, cornice and ceiling centre in the north-east ground-floor room, 2025.
The walls of the north-east room are painted in a matte biscuit (pink-beige) finish, which is not resistant to abrasion, indicating that it is a soft distemper. The biscuit distemper is the only finish layer present on the walls. As there is no tell-tale overlap of the joinery oil paint atop this layer, it is possible but unlikely that this is a second (or later) generation finish, and the first distemper coat was washed off before this one was applied. It is also possible that only the joinery was painted when the house was first built, and the walls and ceiling in this room only painted at a later date.
In both rooms the ceiling and joinery finishes are in a relatively good condition (though they need specialist cleaning). Both rooms have some water damage to the wall finishes, particularly in the south-east room where there has also been plaster patching at the base of the wall. Retention of these wall finishes would require specialist input from a wall paintings conservator, as well as infill painting in some areas.
Remainder of ground floor: In all remaining rooms of the ground and first floors, the ceilings are square set (that is, they do not have cornices). All rooms have the same Indian Red oil paint to joinery and masonry skirtings as the two front rooms.
The hallway has yellow distemper to the walls. It contains a steep and narrow staircase to the first floor (the flight to the basement has been removed, with a new enclosure where this was located), which retains some Indian Red paint. The stair balustrade is elsewhere in the house (loose), and the landing balustrade is reportedly in Ballarat. Due to these changes, the staircase has a relatively low intactness.
The walls of the north centre and rear (north-west) rooms have been repainted - probably prior to WWII - in a light blue distemper. The original off-white wall finish (similar to AS2700 X33 Warm White) is clearly visible in the north-centre room where the fireplace mantle has been removed.
In the north-west (rear) room, the later blue was applied over an original dove grey distemper.
The large north-west corner room retains one or more layers of dove grey distemper on its walls, generally in a poor condition. This room retains a timber mantlepiece.
First floor: Rooms on this floor retain timber door and window joinery, and smaller masonry skirtings than seen at ground floor level, indicating a lower level in the hierarchy of design. Most of the ceilings on the floor have been removed.
Interestingly, the north and south- central bedrooms have plaster walls that have never been painted, demonstrating the frugal approach to finishes and decoration in this house. Near the window of the north-central room, the plaster bears pencilled writing (graffiti) made by the children of William and Mary Clifford, who lived in the house from 1916 onward.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 10: Pencilled graffiti on the east wall, near the window of the first-floor north-central room, 2025.
The two eastern (front) bedrooms were refinished several times. The north-east room retains three layers of dove grey distemper (in a poor condition). Its door architrave has been removed.
The south-east room has off-white distemper walls (probably over a previous white coat). The door joinery was originally varnished, and then painted brown.
Squatting and Early Settlement246F**[247]**
In early 1837, the Government Surveyor, Frederick D'Arcy and his party surveyed the upper reaches of the Leigh and Moorabool Rivers. A second expedition led by D'Arcy followed in August 1837. One of the main purposes of the expeditions was to find new country upon which to establish grazing lands for new stations. The earliest districts of Melbourne and Geelong, including the lower reaches of the Barwon and Moorabool Rivers, had already been settled and were almost totally occupied.
The rush to Ballarat, Blackwood and other goldfields in the 1850s, and the subsequent political uprising of the Eureka stockade in Ballarat brought social reforms and measures to alleviate the land crisis. The reduction of the mining industry in the late 1850s instigated a call to 'unlock the land' for closer settlement. While the Nicholson Land Act of 1860 and the Duffy Act of 1862 sought to open land selection for the small farmer, it was not until the Grant Land Act of 1865 (refined in 1869) that gave rise to the greatest land settlement in the Moorabool Shire.
Between the mid 1850s and early 1860s, land immediately west and south-west of the goldfields township of Gordons was 'unlocked' into smaller allotment for private sale. Crown allotments 5 and 6 of Section 6 in the Parish of Kerrit Bareet (comprising over 97 acres) were purchased by Robert Luke McDowell on 3 March and 10 June 1864 respectively.247F[248]
While it appears that McDowell and his family had moved to this property by 1869, it was not until 1874-75 that he erected a substantial two storey brick farm dwelling to accommodate his growing family which he named Oakvale.248F[249] McDowell first placed a tender notice in September 1874 'for the making and burning of 60,000 bricks, directing interested parties to contact him 'at my place, Black Hill, Gordon'.249F[250] Once the bricks were ready, in February 1875, he sought tenders for bricklayers to construct 'a brick house, [of] eleven rooms'. The house was ready for its finishing touches by April that year, when McDowell sought tenders for the internal plastering.250F[251]
Detached from the main house, a kitchen was also constructed and later connected by a covered way.251F[252] McDowell's ability to purchase farmland and construct such a large home, with separate servants' quarters in the raised basement, suggests that he had had success with goldmining. It was described in 1880 as 'a substantial-looking brick house, surrounded by about four acres of orchard'.252F[253]
R.L. McDowell was born at Taylor Town, County Antrim, Ireland, in c.1825.253F[254] Possibly lured by the goldrush, he emigrated to Victoria where he married Mercy Bridges (born c.1838) in 1858.254F[255] They continued to live at Ballarat in the ensuing years, where at least the first four of their 12 children were born: Robert William (born 1859, Ballarat West), Alexander (born 1860), Thomas born 1862 and died 1863, Soldiers' Hill, Ballarat) and Isabella (born 1863 and died 1865).255F[256] Other children to Robert and Mercy were: Arabella (born 1865), John (born 1867, Mt Egerton), Mercy (born 1869, Gordons), Georgina (born 1870, Gordons), Walter (born 1872), Grace (born 1874, Gordons), Amelia Mary (born 1876) and Herbert.256F[257] The McDowell family belonged to the Presbyterian Church.257F[258]
From the 1860s, Robert McDowell farmed the rich chocolate soil, sowing wheat, oats and English grass.258F[259]
Tragedy struck the family on 16 April 1901 with the death of Mrs Mercy Bridges, aged 63 years.259F[260] She was buried in Section C in the Ballarat Old Cemetery.260F[261] It seems that Mercy's death took a severe toll on Robert's health, as he was admitted to the Ballarat Lunatic Asylum on 2 September 1902.261F[262] He died there of pneumonia two years later on 17 May 1904.262F[263] His estate was extensive, amounting to £6393/12/2, with Oakvale valued at £937/9/10.263F[264] The property was described at this time as follows:
Crown Allotment 5 Section 5 same Parish and County [Parish of Kerrit Bareet County of Grant] containing 44 acres 2 roods and 23 perches subdivided into 4 paddocks with post and rail fence. On this land is erected Brick house containing 15 rooms, 2 hay and chaff sheds, workshop, wash and buggy house.264F[265]
During Robert McDowell's illness, his numerous other landholdings, including land at Gordon and land in the Parish of Woolamai, County of Mornington, was let by the Master of Lunacy to two of his sons, Herbert and Walter respectively.265F[266]
Herbert McDowell continued to reside and farm Oakvale following his father's death and he acquired Title to the property in 1904.266F[267] On 7 March 1903, he married Edith E. Cowley at the Congregational Church, Ballarat.267F[268] Their daughter was born at Oakvale on 10 December 1908.268F[269] Tragically, Edith McDowell died in 1909 after a brief illness at the residence of her father, J.E. Cowley of the Eureka Ironworks, Ballarat East.269F[270] Possibly as a consequence of the loss of his wife, Herbert McDowell sold Oakvale a year later in 1910. As outlined in the Bacchus Marsh Express:
Mr. H.L. McDowell's homestead farm of 97 acres, known as Oakvale, Black Hill, Gordon, has been sold through Messrs. Greenfield & Co., to Mr. William Clifford, of Gordon, for £4,352/17/6, or at the rate of £44/7/6 per acre.270F[271]
Title to Oakvale was taken up by Mrs Mary Clifford (nee Hogan) and her son, William Gerald Clifford (1882-1951), on 30 December 1910.271F[272] Another of Mrs Clifford's sons, Herbert, farmed a neighbouring property.272F[273] With her husband, Timothy Clifford, Mary had established a bakery at 82 Main Street, Gordon in 1870.273F[274] In 1914, William Clifford became sole owner of Oakvale where he cultivated potatoes.274F[275]
In 1916, William Gerald Clifford married Mary Helena Ryan (1894-1974) (Photo 11), the daughter of Thomas Francis and Johanna Ryan (nee Maher).275F[276] They had seven children: Deborah, Mary, Thomas, Gerald, Elaine, Eileen and Cornelius.276F[277] The Clifford family were members of St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church, Gordon.277F[278]
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 11: Mary and William Clifford of Oakvale, c.1950.
On William's death in 1951, Oakvale passed to Mrs Mary Clifford until her death in 1974.278F[279] From this time until 1977, the property was owned by Thomas and Cornelius Clifford until Thomas' death in 1988.279F[280] It remained owned by Cornelius Clifford until his death in 1997,280F[281] when it was sold outside the Clifford family for the first time in 87 years. Oakvale had fallen into disrepair at this time (Photos 12-15).
Photo 12: Oakvale, front (east) elevation, 1998.
Photo 13: Oakvale, front (east) elevation, 1998.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 14: Oakvale, rear (west) elevation, 1998.
Photo 15: Oakvale, side (south) elevation, 1998.
Note: places which were identified in the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2A have been referenced with their unique study identifier (i.e: BLA01). Places which are already included in the Heritage Overlay are referenced by HO number. Places which are not included in the Heritage Overlay nor identified in the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2A have no reference or identifier included.
While there were a small number of large-scale pastoral homesteads developed in the western region of Moorabool Shire during the nineteenth century, considerably more prevalent throughout this area were smaller-scaled Victorian-era dwellings constructed between the 1860s and 1910s. These dwellings are a physical legacy of the varying socio-economic status of the original owners.
Oakvale is the only known surviving two storey Victorian Georgian styled dwelling on a farm property in the west region of the Moorabool Shire built in the 1860s. Other substantial two storey rural homesteads in the district and nearby area were built in later years including:
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 16**:** Killarney, 3109 Old Melbourne Road, Warrenheip, 2012. Source: National Trust (VHD).
Oakvale is more rudimentary in design than the other two storey homesteads, reflecting its earlier date of construction and possibly the Protestant frugality of the original owner.
Stylistically, Oakvale is more comparable to the former Commercial Bank at 157 Inglis Street, Ballan (HO23) (Photo 17) built in bluestone in 1867,284F[285] and the former Post and Telegraph Office, 140 Inglis Street, Ballan (HO24) (Photo 18) built in brick in 1874.285F[286] Like Oakvale, both feature symmetrical, rectangular facades with three-bayed compositions defined by window and door openings, hipped roofs and narrow eaves.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 17: Former Commercial Bank, 157 Inglis Street, Ballan, 2010.
Photo 18: Former Post and Telegraph Office, 140 Inglis Street, Ballan, 2010.
Oakvale is a rare and externally, moderately intact example of a substantial Victorian era dwelling articulated in the Georgian style. It is the earliest known two storey brick farmhouse in the Moorabool district and is in fair condition.
Many nineteenth century dwellings retain their original room layouts and often their external form (though many urban houses have lost all or part of their service wings). Many houses also retain other internal features such as fireplaces, skirtings, architraves, cornices and staircases, which are regarded as more permanent and are not usually replaced according to changing fashions.
It is far rarer to find such houses that retain their original decorative schemes. Many of these examples are considered to be of State-significance and are protected in the Victorian Heritage Register. Most of these are mansions, such as 'Mintaro' in Monegeetta (VHR H2317), Mandeville Hall in Toorak (VHR H676), and Villa Alba in Kew (VHR H605). Wardlow in Parkville (VHR H1922) is a substantial dwelling, though not a mansion. It retains some original decoration, including wall and ceiling papers, gilded pelmets, wood grained joinery with gold stencilling and encaustic tessellated tiles.
Oakvale is not directly comparable to VHR-listed mansions such as Mintaro, but it is of a similar size and design quality to Wardlow in Parkville.
There are also a small number of dwellings in municipal Heritage Overlays that retain more or less intact interior decoration, which is protected by Internal Alteration Controls in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay. Examples with the most similar level of internal intactness to Oakvale are the following:
An externally typical late Victorian brick farmhouse. It has sat vacant since 1956 leading to problems with water ingress, but allowing the preservation of its interior, described as follows: 'There are 6 internal rooms and many of the early finishes have survived. This includes the original factory finish pressed metal ceilings, the original paint finishes to some of the doors and skirting boards. A number of the ventilated ceiling roses have also survived.' It was assessed by Heritage Concepts as part of the, 'Greater Shepparton Rural Heritage Study Stage 1', 2014.
An image of the interior from the Hermes database is reproduced below:
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
A Victorian Italianate villa. Its aesthetic significance is derived, in part, from: '...internally, fretwork, fire surrounds and most significantly original pressed metal ceilings which retain their original paint schemes.' It was assessed by Context PL, 'Moreland City Council: Local Heritage Places Review', 2004. * Yarra HO83 - Bokhara, 1 View Street, Alphington
A Victorian polychrome brick house, with the interior described as: 'Internally, there is an arched hallway with remnants of an embossed dado and border papers. Some of the rooms appear to have been renovated c 1910, retaining the original Victorian ceiling roses.' It was first assessed in 1983, but reviewed in 2007 by Graeme Butler.
In Moorabool Shire there are currently five places that have Internal Alteration Controls. Four of them are churches (HO63 St Andrew's Uniting Church, HO64 Holy Trinity Anglican Church, HO92 St Bernard's Church, HO127 Saint George's Anglican Church). The fifth is a private residence: HO130 Farmhouse, 51 Dukelows Road, Balliang. It is a Victorian Italianate timber house. The 1995 'Bacchus Marsh Heritage Study' citation notes the following: 'The interior is lined with horizontal beaded boards and there is no plaster lining. There is a timber Doric archway in the hall. The front left room has a pressed metal ceiling.' There is no indication in the citation that any early finishes survive intact in this house.
As demonstrated by this comparative analysis, the intactness of the interior of Oakvale, particularly the decorative detail and early applied finishes in the two ground-floor front rooms, is very rare in Moorabool Shire and more widely in the State of Victoria.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Oakvale, at 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook, constructed in 1875, is significant. This includes remnants of limewash on the external brickwork and internally: the internal layout on all three levels (excluding new closet partition), original window and door joinery, masonry skirtings, fireplace mantles, and pencilled graffiti on the wall of the first-floor central north room: also, in the two ground-floor front rooms, plaster cornices, papier mâché ceiling centres, oil paint on joinery and skirtings, and paint on walls and ceilings.
The row of four English Oak trees to the south-east of the dwelling and mature specimens of Pear, Apple and Plum to the north contribute to the significance of the place.
Oakvale at 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook is of local historical and aesthetic significance and rarity value to the Moorabool Shire.
Oakvale, 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook has historical significance for its associations with early private farming developments in the Millbrook area which became highly successful and enduring after the unlocking of the land in the early 1860s. Built in 1875 for Robert Luke McDowell and his wife, Mercy (nee Bridges), Oakvale was also the home of their ten children. Their financial success is illustrated both by the substantial size of the dwelling and the inclusion of servants' quarters in the raised basement. The mature specimens of fruit trees (Apple, Plum, Pear) to the rear of the house are remnants of a substantial early orchard which contributes to an understanding of a former way of life associated with pastoral properties which were largely self-sufficient in the 19th and early 20th century. The row of four English Oak trees to the south-east of the residence date from a similar period to the house. Their original design function is now lost, but the row provides evidence of a deliberately designed landscape element associated with substantial homestead garden - such as a carriage drive or garden boundary. Throughout the 19th century, Robert McDowell farmed the land. After his death in 1904, the property was owned by his son, Herbert, until 1910 when it was sold to William and Mary Clifford. With his brother, Herbert, on a neighbouring property, William Clifford cultivated potatoes at Oakvale through the first half of the 20th century. His children left pencilled graffiti in an upstairs bedroom. The Clifford family continued to own the property until 1997. (Criterion A)
Oakvale, 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook, is of rarity value, thanks to the survival of original and early finishes externally and internally to the house. Externally, the well-burnt brickwork was embellished by the use of limewash, and has never been overpainted with modern paints. Internally, the house retains all original partitions, features such as mantelpieces and skirtings, as well as original and very early (2nd generation) oil and distemper paint finishes in the two ground-floor front rooms, which are a rare survival both in Moorabool and in the State of Victoria more widely. (Criterion B)
Oakvale, 179 Donnellans Road, Millbrook, is aesthetically significant as the earliest, substantial two storey brick farm dwelling in the western region of the Moorabool Shire. Other homesteads of equivalent or larger scale were built in the 1880s and 1890s to different designs. Oakvale demonstrates original design qualities of a Victorian Georgian style in its rectangular, symmetrical face brick facades, hipped roof and narrow eaves. Stylistically, it is comparable to only the former Commercial Bank and the former Post and Telegraph Office, Ballan, built in 1857 and 1874 respectively. In particular, the features which contribute to the aesthetic significance include the symmetrical, two storey, rectangular facades surmounted by hipped roof forms with narrow eaves, three-bayed composition on the main (east) façade with a centrally located, segmentally-arched ground floor door opening (timber framed transom above) and flanking segmentally-arched timber framed, 12 paned double hung windows, three window openings on the first floor, stone ground floor window sills and brick first floor window sills, rear segmentally-arched ground floor door opening at the west end, with a four panelled timber door and transom, two rear timber framed segmentally-arched window openings with timber framed twelve paned double hung windows and brick sills, timber framed 12 paned double hung windows on the north and south elevations, three face brick chimneys with simple corbelled tops, face brick wall construction and the corrugated sheet metal profile roof cladding. Internally, the two front rooms of the ground floor retain their original decorative features, including plaster cornices, papier mâché ceiling centres, timber architraves to doors and windows, and masonry skirtings, illustrating mid-Victorian fashions, such as the picking out of cornices in multiple colours. (Criterion E)
West Moorabool Heritage Study (Stage 2a) Review, 2021
West Moorabool Heritage Study (Stage 2a) Review, 2021
ADDRESS: 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook Assessment Date: Feb 2016, updated May 2021
Recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Register: No
Recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Inventory: No
Recommended for inclusion as a Heritage Overlay in the Planning Scheme: Yes
Yes - mature exotic trees adjacent to main dwelling
Yes - Moorabool Shire Heritage Precincts and Places Incorporated Plan Permit Exemptions, May 2021
The Pines, 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook constructed c.1896 is significant.
Elements that contribute to the significance of the place include: single storey hipped roof forms, return post-supported verandah, projecting early rear gabled addition on the north side, corrugated sheet metal roof cladding, timber weatherboard wall cladding, three face brick chimneys, modest eaves with paired timber brackets and roundels and panelling between, front timber framed doorway with a panelled timber door and sidelights and highlights, paired and single timber framed double hung windows with moulded timber architraves and timber window sills, stop chamfered verandah posts, timber bargeboards to the gable end and the gable infill (panelling and timber battening) to the early gabled addition. The mature Cypress and other exotic trees at the front of the property also contribute to the setting.
The Pines, 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook, is of local historical and representative significance to the Moorabool Shire.
The Pines, 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook, has historical significance for its associations with second generation Irish Catholic farmers who resided and cultivated the land from the late 19th century, following on from their forebears who had seen the potential in the rich soil for agricultural and grazing farms at Millbrook in the early 1860s. The Pines appears to have been built in 1896 as the family home of Thomas James and Minnie Sullivan, the property having originally been part of a larger farming estate of Thomas' father, Edmund Sullivan. It continued under the ownership of the Sullivan family until at least the late 20th century, having been farmed by three generations of the one family. (Criterion A)
The Pines, 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook, is a representative, moderately intact example of a small number of surviving Late Victorian styled farm dwellings in the Millbrook and Gordon area constructed in the late 19th and very early 20th centuries. Although altered and extended at the rear, the original Late Victorian design qualities are clearly discernible when viewed from the front, including the hipped roof forms, return verandah, brick chimneys, construction, windows and front door, and detailing. The mature Cypress and other exotic trees contribute to the front setting of the place. (Criterion D)
It is recommended that the Heritage Overlay is applied the portion of the property as shown in the following aerial image (Photo 1).
To reduce the electronic size of this document, this image has been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
The Pines farm property, 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook, is set on a large rural farming allotment on the west side of the road, the main dwelling and outbuildings being clustered near the north-east corner of the site. The dwelling has a substantial front setback and is fenced off at the front with timber post and wire fencing. There is an open grassed are and mature Cypress trees near the front boundary, there being other exotic trees near the front of the dwelling (see Photo 6). A gravelled driveway is situated in the north-east portion, forming a circular driveway within the site where there is a row of mature exotic and Cypress trees. Other mature exotic trees are located to the east of the main dwelling and near the northern boundary towards the fear. There are several outbuildings at the rear of the dwelling, possibly including farm structures dating to the 19th century such as the gabled and skillion outbuilding constructed of timber weatherboard to the rear of the dwelling on the south side. At the front near the southern boundary of the homestead complex is an introduced, gabled galvanised corrugated steel shed.
The asymmetrical, single storey, timber weatherboard, Late Victorian styled dwelling has a main hipped roof form at the front, together with a return post-supported convex verandah. There are double hipped wings that project at the rear where an interwar gabled addition projects towards the north, and a more recent gabled addition projects to the south. From the rear gabled additions are skillion wings that reflect more recent construction. The roof forms to the main hipped roof building and early gabled addition are clad in painted galvanised corrugated steel, while the remainder of the dwelling is clad in unpainted corrugated sheet metal. Three original face brick chimneys with cream brick bands and corbelled tops are a feature of the roofline. Modest overhangs with paired timber brackets and roundels and panelling between comprise the eaves to the main hipped portion, while there are more broadly projecting eaves to the interwar era gabled addition which has timber bargeboards. The gable end has early panelled and timber battening.
The front of the dwelling has an original, centrally located timber framed doorway with a panelled timber door with sidelights and highlights. Flanking the front doorway are paired timber framed double hung windows with moulded timber architraves and timber window sills. Similar timber framed double hung windows are located at the sides. The return verandah is supported by stop chamfered timber posts, but it lacks any decorative detailing.
At the rear on the north side is a post-supported skillion verandah that projects from the interwar era gabled addition.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 2: Main entrance showing the main dwelling, 2009.
Photo 3: Main dwelling as viewed from Sullivans Road (south-east), 2009.
Photo 4: Main dwelling as viewed from Sullivans Road (south-east), 2015.
Photo 5: 'The Pine's property as viewed from Sullivans Road (south-east), with introduced outbuilding at the front, 2015.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 6: Mature and exotic trees at the front of the property shaded blue. Source: Nearmap 3 August 2025
Squatting and Early Settlement286F**[287]**
In early 1837, the Government Surveyor, Frederick D'Arcy and his party surveyed the upper reaches of the Leigh and Moorabool Rivers. A second expedition led by D'Arcy followed in August 1837. One of the main purposes of the expeditions was to find new country upon which to establish grazing lands for new stations. The earliest districts of Melbourne and Geelong, including the lower reaches of the Barwon and Moorabool Rivers, had already been settled and were almost totally occupied.
The rush to Ballarat, Blackwood and other goldfields in the 1850s, and the subsequent political uprising of the Eureka stockade in Ballarat brought social reforms and measures to alleviate the land crisis. The reduction of the mining industry in the late 1850s instigated a call to 'unlock the land' for closer settlement. While the Nicholson Land Act of 1860 and the Duffy Act of 1862 sought to open land selection for the small farmer, it was not until the Grant Land Act of 1865 (refined in 1869) that gave rise to the greatest land settlement in the Moorabool Shire.
In the c.1850s, the Sullivan brothers, Michael, Edmund and John, emigrated from Tipperary, Ireland, to Kapunda, South Australia, where they established a wheat farm of 700 acres on the Gilbert river.287F[288] There, the Sullivan brothers married: Michael to Miss Alice O'Donnell in 1859 and Edmund to Miss Elizabeth Grieg.288F[289] In late 1863, Michael and Edmund Sullivan sold their shares in the farm property for £3 an acre given that the land was better suited to grazing sheep than for cultivation.289F[290] On 5 November 1863, they set off on an overland journey to "fresh fields and pastures new" at Millbrook, Victoria.290F[291] An account of the journey was given in The Advocate in 1941:
Facing the vicissitudes of wild bush travel, the Messrs. Sullivan chartered caravans, drawn by bullocks, and commenced the eventful journey overland. Accompanying the intrepid landseekers were their wives and families. The settler, though they found the land in which they were to carve out a home a complete wilderness, decided to carry on. This virgin country was noted for its tall, thick timber and undergrowth, and it was marked on a crude map as Moorabool Creek.291F[292]
Arriving at Ballarat, they were met by John Ryan, an Irish Catholic farmer, who had already settled at Millbrook, and Thomas Ryan, of Gordon.292F[293] Alice and Elizabeth Sullivan stayed at the Plough and Harrow Hotel, Mair Street, Ballarat. Continuing the journey, the Sullivan brothers reached Millbrook after three months of travel. They camped on the banks of the Moorabool Creek.293F[294]
On 3 March 1864, Edmund and Michael Sullivan purchased 47 acres, 1 rood and 35 perches of land comprising allotment 1 of Section 6 in the Parish of Kerrit Bareet at Millbrook.294F[295] Michael Sullivan subsequently purchased further land immediately south of this allotment in 1866 and 1874.295F[296] On 24 September 1866, Edmund Sullivan acquired 15 acres, 2 roods and 34 perches to the west of the land he had earlier acquired with his brother.296F[297] This land comprised allotment 7A of Section 3 and is now addressed as 52 Sullivans Road. At Millbrook, the 'locality was then nothing more than a primeval forest - huge gum trees and heavy undergrowth.'297F[298] The Sullivan brothers soon set about clearing the land for cultivation. As outlined in The Advocate:
The arduous task of denuding the forest of umbrageous gums and other timber was undertaken by the Irish settlers, and, after strenuous toil, they began in earnest to speed the plough. The rich, volcanic soil was found to be suitable for wheat growing and other cereals, as well as tuber crops. Success attended their praiseworthy efforts. The land selected by the early pioneers nestled beneath an extinct volcano known as Black Hill, and the country opened up became smiling uplands and wonderfully productive.298F[299]
Initially, produce was transported to the railway station at Yendon before the railway line was opened between Ballarat and Gordon in 1879,299F[300] which made access to the Ballarat markets more convenient.
Possibly on the land originally acquired in 1864 (allotment 2 of Section 6), Edmund Sullivan built a dwelling and farm buildings. Here, Edmund and Elizabeth had another five children: Margaret (born 1863, Gordon), Catherine (born 1864, Egerton), Edward (born 1866, Egerton), Thomas James (born 1870, Gordon) and Michael John (born 1876, Gordon).300F[301] Following their Irish Catholic heritage, the Sullivan family belonged to St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church, Gordon.
Having secured his family's future through the establishment of a successful crop farm, and only two years after the birth of his last child, Edmund Sullivan died on 23 January 1878.301F[302] By this time, he had acquired additional land, his property (valued at £1474.8.9) being described as follows:
All those pieces of land being part of allotment one and two Section Six Kerrit Bareet and Allotment Seven Section Three Kerrit Bareet and part of Urquharts pre-emptive allotment and known as Lot Four containing seventy one acres three roods and thirty five and a half perches, the improvements upon which consist of a five roomed wooden house, outbuildings and fencing.302F[303]
As set out in Edmund Sullivan's Will, the farm property was managed by his widow, Elizabeth Sullivan until his son Edward attained the age of 25 years in 1891, when he was to receive a half share.303F[304] The other half share was bequeathed to Edmund's second son, Thomas James, when he attained the age of 25 years in 1895.304F[305] It was in 1895 when Thomas James Sullivan married Miss Mary (Minnie) Sullivan, eldest daughter of P.F. Sullivan, proprietor of the Gordon Advertiser, Gordon.305F[306] The following year, 1896, Edward Sullivan divested his share of allotment 7A of Section 3 (52 Sullivans Road) to his brother, T.J. Sullivan.306F[307]
It appears that the existing timber dwelling at 52 Sullivans Road was built in 1896 as the family home of Thomas James and Minnie Sullivan known as The Pines.307F[308] They had six children: (Edmund Francis, born c.1899), Patrick John (born 1900), Bridget Catherine Frances (born 1902), Agnes Veronica (possibly born c.1903-04), Thomas James (born c.1906) and Michael Gerard (born c.1909).308F[309] Throughout the ensuing years, Thomas James senior farmed oats and barley crops, ran 22 dairy cows and grazed 14 cattle, 10 pigs and 17 sheep as well as some other livestock.309F[310] He was also stricken by ill-health which caused his life to be cut short on 31 August 1912, as reported in The Argus newspaper:
Mr. T.J. Sullivan, a resident of Millbrook, was standing near the Ballarat West railway station on Saturday afternoon watching a funeral go by when he suddenly collapsed, and expired in a few minutes. He had for some time been under medical treatment, and as a certificate of the cause of death was forthcoming, an order for burial was given.310F[311]
Thomas James Sullivan's property, The Pines, including the dwelling and outbuildings, and other farmland, was described in the Statement of Assets in his Probate in 1913:
All those pieces of land being part of Crown Allotments 2 & 2A Section 6 and part of Crown Section A Parish of Kerrit Bareet County of Grant containing 35 acres 1 rood & 24 ½ perches more particularly described in Certificate of Title Vol 2616 Fol 523049. All that piece of land being Alltoment 7A Section 3 same Parish and County containing 3 acres 3 roods and 7 perches. The improvements on the above land consist of an 8 roomed W.B. house pantry washhouse and Bathroom, 4 stall stable chaff house Dairy & separator room, Machinery shed, Copper house, Mens' hut, underground well, Spring, 4 tanks and fencing Valued at £35 per acre. Municipal assessment £82.311F[312]
Valued at £1922.14.6, the property passed to T.J. Sullivan's widow, Minnie.312F[313] She remained at the property and in later years the property seems to have been farmed by her sons, Thomas James and Michael Gerard. Rear gabled additions were built on the north side of the dwelling, possibly during the interwar period. Ownership of The Pines was retained by Minnie Sullivan until her death in 1944.313F[314] The property remained as part of Minnie Sullivan's Estate in the ensuing years and in 1969 Title was transferred to Thomas James Sullivan.314F[315] The Pines continued to be owned by the Sullivan family until at least the late 20th century. 315F[316]
Note: places which were identified in the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2A have been referenced with their unique study identifier (i.e: BLA01). Places which are already included in the Heritage Overlay are referenced by HO number. Places which are not included in the Heritage Overlay nor identified in the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2A have no reference or identifier included.
While there were a small number of large-scale pastoral homesteads developed in the western region of Moorabool Shire during the nineteenth century, considerably more prevalent throughout this area were smaller-scaled Victorian-era dwellings constructed between the 1860s and 1910s. These dwellings are a physical legacy of the varying socio-economic status of the original owners.
A dwelling type that was common to the western region of the Moorabool Shire and particularly to the goldfields townships were the hipped Victorian vernacular styled dwellings, following the steeply-pitched hipped roof forms of the earlier Victorian Georgian designs elsewhere. Most of these dwellings were constructed of timber with corrugated sheet metal roof cladding. In the study area, the hipped Victorian Vernacular style was adopted at 65 Inglis Street, Ballan (c.1892-94), 4 Albert Street, Black wood (c.1860), 5 Old Golden Point Road, Blackwood (c.1860), and 111 Golden Pont Road, Blackwood (c.1860).
Historically, the property at 52 Sullivans Road, represents one of a small number of surviving farm properties first established in the Gordon and Millbrook areas in the 1860s. Other properties include:
Photo 7: Summerhill, 55 Boundary Road, Gordon, 2009. Source: David Rowe and Wendy Jacobs.
Photo 8: Oakvale, 179 Donnellans Road, Gordon, 2009. Source: David Rowe and Wendy Jacobs.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 9: Llandeilo, 1001 Old Melbourne Road, Ballan, 2009. Source: David Rowe and Wendy Jacobs.
Architecturally, the hipped roofed form with projecting return verandah and symmetrical front façade (with a central door opening and flanking timber framed double hung windows) comprising The Pines at 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook, represents a typical example of a Victorian style in the area in the 19th and very early 20th centuries. However, it is one of a small number remaining of this type in the Gordon and Millbrook area today. The other surviving examples are:
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Photo 10: St Patrick's Presbytery, 10 Careys Road, Gordon , 2009.
Photo 11: Dwelling, 91 Ryans Road, Millbrook, 2012.
At 602 Bungaree Wallace Road, Wallace, is a similarly designed Late Victorian timber dwelling built in c.1882 for Patrick and Mary Linane, Irish Catholic farmers. This dwelling features a very similar Federation era gabled addition located at the rear and which projects beyond the side of the original dwelling.
To reduce the electronic size of this document, these images have been removed from this version of the report. Contact Planning Panels Victoria to obtain a complete copy of the report.
Mature and exotic trees at the front of the property shaded blue. Source: Nearmap 3 August 2025
The Pines, 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook constructed c.1896 is significant.
Elements that contribute to the significance of the place include: single storey hipped roof forms, return post-supported verandah, projecting early rear gabled addition on the north side, corrugated sheet metal roof cladding, timber weatherboard wall cladding, three face brick chimneys, modest eaves with paired timber brackets and roundels and panelling between, front timber framed doorway with a panelled timber door and sidelights and highlights, paired and single timber framed double hung windows with moulded timber architraves and timber window sills, stop chamfered verandah posts, timber bargeboards to the gable end and the gable infill (panelling and timber battening) to the early gabled addition. The mature Cypress and other exotic trees at the front of the property also contribute to the setting.
The Pines, 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook, is of local historical and representative significance to the Moorabool Shire.
The Pines, 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook, has historical significance for its associations with second generation Irish Catholic farmers who resided and cultivated the land from the late 19th century, following on from their forebears who had seen the potential in the rich soil for agricultural and grazing farms at Millbrook in the early 1860s. The Pines appears to have been built in 1896 as the family home of Thomas James and Minnie Sullivan, the property having originally been part of a larger farming estate of Thomas' father, Edmund Sullivan. It continued under the ownership of the Sullivan family until at least the late 20th century, having been farmed by three generations of the one family. (Criterion A)
The Pines, 52 Sullivans Road, Millbrook, is a representative, moderately intact example of a small number of surviving Late Victorian styled farm dwellings in the Millbrook and Gordon area constructed in the late 19th and very early 20th centuries. Although altered and extended at the rear, the original Late Victorian design qualities are clearly discernible when viewed from the front, including the hipped roof forms, return verandah, brick chimneys, construction, windows and front door, and detailing. The mature Cypress and other exotic trees contribute to the front setting of the place. (Criterion D).
West Moorabool Heritage Study (Stage 2a) Review, 2021
[1] Council Part A submission, paragraphs 29-32
[2] Part B submission, page 6, paragraph 20
[3] Ms Schmeder evidence statement, page 18, paragraphs 80-81
[4] Ms Schmeder evidence statement, page 45
[6] Ms Schmeder evidence statement, page 36
[7] Ms Schmeder evidence statement, page 40
[8] Council Part B submission, page 28-29, paragraph 134
[9] Descriptive analysis of the rear portions of the site has been based on an aerial image of the property provided by the Moorabool Shire.
[10] T. O'Callaghan, Names of Victorian Railway Stations, H.J. Green, Acting Government Printer, Melbourne, 1917, p.25.
[11] L.J. Blake, Place Names of Victoria, Rigby, Adelaide, 1976, p.30.
[12] A Pictorial History of the Shire of Ballan, Ballan Shire Historical Society, Ballan, 1989, p.19.
[14] Bacchus Marsh Express newspaper, 18 May 1872.
[15] Victorian Municipal Directory 1890, p.237.
[17] A Pictorial History, op.cit., p.49, citing the Australian Handbook, 1894.
[18] Ibid., p.81, citing A. Gunsser in the Weekly Times, 17 June 1879.
[19] See Township of Ballan Plan, 1954, VPRS 16171 PROV. Kelly resigned as Civil Engineer in 1872 and took up a position with the Pyalong Shire. See Bacchus Marsh Express, 3 February 1872, p.2. According to Fraser and Ranken, Centenary of the Sire of Ballan 1862-1962, Shire of Ballan, 1962, p.8, he had commenced employed with the Ballan Shire Council in 1866.
[20] Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages Indexes, Department of Justice, Melbourne.
[21] Bacchus Marsh Express, 23 September 1871, p.1.
[22] Ibid., 8 August 1874, p.2, 12 December 1874, p.2 & J. Huggins, 'Six Years in the life of Bernhardt Hirsch', in The Settler: Official Quarterly Newsletter of the Ballan Shire Historical Society, vol. 5, no. 6, June 1999.
[23] Bacchus Marsh Express, 2 January 1875, p.2.
[25] Bacchus Marsh Express, 6 May 1876, p.2.
[29] Certificate of Title, vol. 937 fol. 383 actually listed Dodgshun as proprietor as earlier as 1877, which appears to have accounted for a mortgage on the property taken out by Hirsch. See also Ballan Shire Rate Book, 1888, VPRS 5557/P0 Unit 45 PROV (Ballarat), which listed John Moran, contractor as owner, which was crossed out and replaced with J. Alford.
[30] Bacchus Marsh Express, 18 August 1888, p.3.
[31] L. Phelan, 'Backtracking: Trove Tuesday: Ploughing a straight furrow', 27 November 2012 at http://boobookbacktracks.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/trove-tuesday-ploughing-straight-furrow.html
[34] Bacchus Marsh Express, 19 July 1873, p.2.
[36] Bacchus March Express, 17 January 1880, p.4.
[40] Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages Indexes, op.cit.
[42] Bacchus Marsh Express, 4 August 1888, p.2.
[46] Bacchus Marsh Express, 25 October 1890, p.2, 7.
[47] Ballan Shire Rate Book, op.cit., 1891.
[49] Bacchus Marsh Express, 26 March 1892, p.2, 3.
[52] Alford, James, Probate Administration files, 1895, VPRS 28/P2 Unit 416 PROV.
[53] Certificate of Title, vol. 2056 fol. 164.
[55] See Ballan Shire Rate Books, op.cit., 1897-1901.
[56] Certificate of Title, op.cit. & vol. 4972 fol. 246.
[58] Alford, Elizabeth, Probate Administration files, 1939, VPRS 28/P3 Unit 3298 PROV.
[59] Certificate of Title, vol. 2056 fol. 164.
[60] Ibid., 6723 fol. 512 & vol. 6766 fol. 193, vol. 6766 fol. 196 & vol. 7014 fol 609
[61] Bacchus Marsh Express, 16 May 1896, p.3, 5 December 1896, p.3, 18 February 1901, p.1.
[62] John Farrow, grazier of 'Lilyvale' near Ballan appears to have built this dwelling in c.1894. He held a sale of stock and equipment at 'Lilyvale' in May 1894, possibly in anticipation of relocating to 78 Inglis Street. It appears that during the construction of the dwelling Farrow relocated temporarily to Mangalore, where he died, having never assumed residency at 78 Inglis Street. See Bacchus Marsh Express, 19 May 1894, p.2. The first listing of a tenement in Ballan was Mrs Farrow in 1895 in the Ballan Shire Rate Book, op.cit.
[63] Ibid., 30 May 1891 & 6 June 1891, p.7.
[64] See McQualter, Robert, Probate Administration files, 1894, VPRS 7591/P2 Unit 233 PROV, which stated that the subject site, owned by Robert McQualter and gifted to his daughter, Annie, was unimproved in 1894, and the Ballan Shire Rate Book, op.cit. 1895, which listed the widow of McQualter, Elizabeth, as owner of a tenement.
[65] Gascard was not listed in the Ballan Shire Rate Book for 1898, op.cit., but he was listed as owner in subsequent years. See also J. Huggins, 'Jules Samuel Gascard 1836-1899', in The Settler: Official Quarterly Newsletter of the Ballan Shire Historical Society, vol. 3, no. 10, June 1995.
[66] The unimproved land at 39 Steiglitz Street had been purchased by R.F. Marshall in 1886 - see Certificate of Title, vol. 928 fol. 505. The dwelling had been built by May 1887, as it was partially damaged by fire at this time - see Bacchus Marsh Express, 21 May 1887, p.3.
[67] Bacchus Marsh Express, 6 April 1895, p.3.
[68] See Certificate of Title, 29 April 1885, vol. 858 fol. 586, when ownership was acquired by Edward Blake. A mortgage was taken out with the Commercial Bank in 1891, suggesting that 'Ramsgate' was built at this time.
[69] Descriptive analysis of the rear portions of the site has been based on an aerial image of the property provided by the Moorabool Shire.
[70] T. O'Callaghan, Names of Victorian Railway Stations, H.J. Green, Acting Government Printer, Melbourne, 1917, p.25.
[71] L.J. Blake, Place Names of Victoria, Rigby, Adelaide, 1976, p.30.
[72] A Pictorial History of the Shire of Ballan, Ballan Shire Historical Society, Ballan, 1989, p.19.
[74] Bacchus Marsh Express newspaper, 18 May 1872.
[75] Victorian Municipal Directory 1890, p.237.
[77] A Pictorial History, op.cit., p.49, citing the Australian Handbook, 1894.
[78] Ibid., p.81, citing A. Gunsser in the Weekly Times, 17 June 1879.
[79] Flack's name was hand-written on the original Town Plan Ballan dated February 1850 and lithographed on 24 August 1856, State Library of Victoria.
[80] See heritage Citation for the Ballan Hotel for further details.
[82] Flack, George, Probate Administration files, 1900, includes further information of the Executors of Flack's Estate to the Master in Equity, 12 December 1901, declared that '3, ½ acre allotments of land in Inglis St., Ballan' 'have been offered for sale and still remain unsold', VPRS 28/P0 Unit 964 PROV.
[83] Mrs Minnie Windsor was listed as the owner of allotments 6 and 7 of Section 4, comprising 1 acre with a net annual value of £5 in the Ballan Shire Valuation Book, 1915, VPRS 5563/P0 Unit 7 PROV (Ballarat). For details of Edward Windsor's occupation and ownership of the Ballan Hotel, see the heritage Citation for the Ballan Hotel.
[84] See Ballan Shire Rate Books, 1920-21, 1925-26, VPRS 5557/P0 Unit 45 PROV (Ballarat). The Rate Books for 1920-21 listed Mrs Minnie Windsor as owner with a net annual value of £5. In 1925-26, Vivian Cullen was listed as occupier (and Gilbert Cowan owner) of land having a net annual value of £4, with Cullen owner of land having a net annual value of £1.
[85] Ibid. The information listed in the Rate Books suggests that the café and billiard room was under construction in 1925-26. The Rate Book for 1930-31 listed Vivian George Cullen as owner of a shop, house and land with a net annual value of £70, clearly indicating that the building had been constructed by this time.
[86] Ibid. The Rate Book listed the café as Kookaburra Café.
[89] A Pictorial History, op.cit., p.127. See also Ballan Shire Rate Book, op.cit., 1950-51.
[90] Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages Indexes, Department of Justice, Melbourne. Vivian Cullen's father, Charles, had arrived in Ballan in the 1850s with his mother, where he resided for the remainder of his life. See the Ballan Times, 14 August 1919.
[91] See 'Vivian George Valentine Cullen', embarkation details, The AIF Project at https://www.aif.adfa.edu.au/showPerson?pid=69023
[92] Ibid. & Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages Indexes, op.cit.
[94] Mrs G. Kirkby, Bendigo, to Army Records, 9 August 1919 in 'Vivian George Valentine Cullen', SERN 1446, series no. B2455, service record, National Archives of Australia online.
[95] Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages Indexes, op.cit.
[96] The Argus, 5 December 1935, p.3.
[99] There is no listing of the subject property in Cullen, Vivian George Valentine, Probate Administration files, 1955, VPRS 28/P4 Unit 973 PROV.
[100] The Settler: Official Quarterly Newsletter of the Ballan Shire Historical Society, September 2006 & Certificate of Title vol. 10823, fol. 876.
[101] A Pictorial History, op.cit., p.150
[103] T. O'Callaghan, Names of Victorian Railway Stations, H.J. Green, Acting Government Printer, Melbourne, 1917, p.25.
[104] L.J. Blake, Place Names of Victoria, Rigby, Adelaide, 1976, p.30.
[105] A Pictorial History of the Shire of Ballan, Ballan Shire Historical Society, Ballan, 1989, p.19.
[107] Bacchus Marsh Express newspaper, 18 May 1872.
[108] Victorian Municipal Directory 1890, p.237.
[110] A Pictorial History, op.cit., p.49, citing the Australian Handbook, 1894.
[111] Ibid., p.81, citing A. Gunsser in the Weekly Times, 17 June 1879.
[112] N. Backhouse, H. Trigg & J. Huggins, Our Journey: The Anglican Parochial District of Ballan and Bungaree 1849-1999, Anglican Parochial District of Ballan/Bungaree, Ballan, 1998, pp.4-7.
[116] The Argus, 14 September 1849, p.4.
[117] Backhouse, et.al., op.cit., pp.6-7.
[121] The Argus, 19 March 1860, p.8.
[122] Backhouse, et.al., op.cit., p.14.
[124] The Argus, 29 January 1862, p.5.
[125] Backhouse, et.al., op.cit., p.15, 23.
[126] The Australian News for Home Readers, 25 March 1865, p.5.
[127] See Ferguson and Urie website at http://fergusonandurie.wordpress.com/2013/12/23/1874-st-johns-anglican-church-ballan-victoria/
[129] Backhouse, et.al., op.cit., p.14.
[130] Ferguson and Urie website, op.cit.
[131] Bacchus Marsh Express, 28 November 1874.
[134] Ferguson and Urie website, op.cit.
[135] Bacchus Marsh Express, 19 March 1883.
[136] Backhouse, et.al., op.cit., p.25.
[145] Ibid., p.47. There is no evidence of an entrance porch today.
[148] Bacchus Marsh Express, 17 December 1870, p.3.
[149] Backhouse, et.al., op.cit., p.18.
[153] Ibid., pp.48-49 & Roy Huggins, personal collection, Ballan.
[154] Backhouse, et.al., op.cit., pp.48-49.
[180] Ballan Times, 17 August 1916, The Argus, 22, 23 & 27 December 1865 & Bacchus Marsh Express, 21 July 1866, p.2.
[181] The Advocate, 8 June 1912, p.23 & Herald Sun, 8 April 2009.
[182] All information taken from M. Lewis, 'Terry, Leonard (1825-1884)', in G. Serle & R. Ward (eds.), Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol.6, 1851-1890, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1976, pp.257-258, unless otherwise noted.
[183] B. Trethowan, 'A Study of Banks in Victoria 1851-1939', Historic Buildings Preservation Council Report, December 1976, p.28.
[184] W. Jacobs & D. Rowe, 'Former ANZ Bank, 202 Sturt Street, Ballarat: Conservation Management Plan', prepared for Ballham Pty Ltd, November 1998.
[185] M. Lewis (ed.), Victorian Churches: Their origins, their story and their architecture, National Trust of Australia (Victoria), Melbourne, 1991, p.137. The church is erroneously addressed as Shaw Street, Hexham.
[186] B. Andrews, 'St. Paul's Church, Oatlands, Tasmania',
Pugin Foundation, http://www.puginfoundation.org/assets/Oatlands_Essay.pdf
[187] Information taken from D. Rowe, 'Forest, Farmland & Gold': Thematic History of the Western Region of the Moorabool Shire', prepared for the Moorabool Shire, unless otherwise referenced.
[188] Victoria Government Gazette, no. 135, 23 August 1859.
[189] Benham's store is shown on Map of Country Lands in the Parish of Warrenheip, County of Grant, 1858, Bungaree & District Historical Society collection.
[190] The Star (Ballarat), 21 February 1861, p.4 & The Ballarat Star, 27 October 1865, p.2.
[191] The Junction Hotel was in existence by 1863 - see The Star, 24 January 1863, p.1. It was located in the south-east corner of the road junction at "The Junction". See The Ballaarat & Ballaarat East Water Supply Geological Survey of Country in the Parishes of Bungaree & Warrenheip, 1870, Bungaree & District Historical Society.
[192] Parish of Warrenheip Plan, n.d., VPRS 16171 PROV.
[193] The Star, 24 January 1863, p.1.
[194] Certificate of Title, vol. 179 fol. 632.
[195] The Ballarat Star, 24 July 1866, p.4.
[196] Certificate of Title, op.cit. & vol. 235, fol. 998.
[197] The Star and Ballarat Star newspapers in the 1860s report on issued publicans' licenses and those seeking a publicans' license, including publicans at Bungaree. No report has been found under the name of Martin or Livingston, or possible tenants of the property using the sign 'Bridge Inn'.
[198] Certificate of Title, op.cit. & vol. 297 fol. 297.
[200] James McGuan's Statement of Assets in his Probate Administration files, 1900, VPRS 28/P0 Unit 965 listed Sanders as a tenant.
[201] Ibid. McGuan's Probate listed Mary Embleton and Annie Coghlan as his only next of kin.
[203] R. Huggins, Transcript of the Gordon Advertiser, 11 October 1901.
[204] Certificate of Title, op.cit. & vol. 2859 fol. 632.
[205] A photograph of the rear of the hotel after substantial fire damage in 1992 shows a chimney in the foreground that is suggestive of Federation era construction. Cazalys Contractor Reporter, 2 September 1913, State Library of Victoria, listed the following tender: 'Ballarat Brewing Co - Additions, Bridge Hotel, Bungaree.'
[206] Ballarat Star, 2 February 1918.
[208] Ibid., 16 December 1922, p.16. Bungaree also suffered a tornado in 1927, seriously damaging many buildings including the nearby Morning Star Hotel, resulting in its 1928 rebuilding (Herald, 20 June 1927, p.1). While it has been proposed that this same tornado was the reason the Bridge Hotel was reconstructed in 1930, there is no evidence of this.
[209] Construction and Real Estate Journal (Sydney, N.S.W.), 20 August 1930, p.18.
[210] The Courier, Ballarat, 31 August 1992, p.3, article provided by the Bungaree & District Historical Society.
[211] See D. Rowe, 'Heritage Assessment of the Former Ballarat Orphanage, 200 Victoria Street, Ballarat East', prepared for the City of Ballarat, February 2012.
[212] The Argus, 16 April 1953, p.20.
[213] 'Ballarat Brewing Company', Federation University Australia online, April 2015, at
[214] Portland Guardian, 20 May 1937, p.4.
[215] The Australasian, 25 June 1939, p.41.
[216] Bungaree and District Historical Society Newsletter, no. 51, July 2005.
[217] Certificate of Title vol. 8403 fol. 246.
[219] The Courier, Ballarat, op.cit.
[220] Information from current owners to the Moorabool Shire Council as part of a submission to the exhibition of the heritage study, 20 August 2016.
[222] Information from current owners, op.cit.
[224] The hotel was in existence in 1863. See The Star, 24 January 1863, p.1.
[226] Ballarat Star, 7 January 1865, p.3. The connection of Persse to the Junction Hotel is given in the Bendigo Advertiser, 21 July 1882, p.2, when part of the property was destroyed by fire.
[227] Neil Carey was granted a publican's license 'for the Racecourse hotel, Bungaree in January 1866. See The Ballarat Star, 5 January 1866, p.4. He had advertised his intention of seeking a licence on 15 December 1865, p.4 in the Ballarat Star, where he described his property as follows: 'The house is built of wood, and is my own property, to be known by the sign of the Racecourse Hotel.'
[228] The hotel is shown on the opposite side of the road junction to the Racecourse Hotel in the Ballaarat & Ballaarat East Water Supply Geological Survey of Country in the Parishes of Bungaree & Warrenheip, 1870, Bungaree & District Historical Society. Daniel Clohesy sought a publican's license in 1870 - see The Star, 11 January 1870-, p.,3.
[229] P.J. Vernon, 'The Vernon Collection: a Selection of Architectural Drawings', exhibition brochure, Ballarat, 1992.
[236] George Clegg, Probate Administration files, 1958, VPRS 28/P4 Unit 1658 PROV.
[245] M. Lewis & T. Sawyer (eds.), The Australian Architectural Index online, University of Melbourne & 'Ballarat Building Permits Database', Statutory Planning Department, City of Ballarat.
[246] Western Moorabool Shire Heritage Study Stage 2A database.
[247] Taken from D. Rowe, 'Forest, Farmland & Gold: Thematic Environmental History of the Western Region of the Moorabool Shire', draft, prepared for the Moorabool Shire Council, June 2010.
[248] See Plan of the Parish of Kerrit Bareet, 1944, VPRS 16171 PROV & Certificates of Title, vol. 111 fol. 063 & vol. 111 fol. 064.
[249] The Ballan Shire Rate Book (West Riding) for 1865 listed Robert McDowell as the owner of land only - see R. Huggins, Index of the Ballan Shire Rate Books, personal collection, Ballan. The Buninyong Road Board Rate Book for 1866, VPRS 13490/P1 Unit 1 PROV (Ballarat) listed McDowell as the owner of land at Black Hill, with a net annual value of £44. The Buninyong Shire Rate Book for 1869, VPRS 13490/P1 Unit 2 PROV (Ballarat) listed McDowell as the owner of a tenement and land, but with a net annual value of £35. However, Robert's sixth child, John, was born at Mount Egerton in 1867, with his daughter, Mercy, born at Gordon in 1869. This suggests that they were residing in an earlier dwelling by 1869.
[250] Ballarat Courier, 21 August 1874, page 3.
[251] Ballarat Courier, 8 February 1875, page 4 and 16 April 1875, page 3.
[252] Maureen Davenport (nee Ryan), Canberra, personal comments, 21 January 2015. The kitchen wing has been demolished.
[253] Bacchus Marsh Express, 10 April 1880, page 4.
[254] R. Huggins, Transcript of the Gordon Advertiser, 20 May 1904, personal collection, Ballan, & Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages Indexes, Department of Justice, Melbourne.
[258] Information kindly provided by the Ballarat Old Cemetery, January 2015.
[259] Bacchus Marsh Express, 10 April 1880, p.4 & The Argus, 30 November 1883, p.10.
[260] Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages Indexes, op.cit. & The Argus, 17 April 1901, p.1.
[261] Ballarat Cemeteries and Crematorium, op.cit.
[262] Ballarat Asylum Records, VPRS 7426/P1 Unit 1 PROV.
[263] Ibid. & Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages Indexes, op.cit. The Gordon Advertiser, op.cit., 20 May 1904, also claimed that McDowell invented many labour-saving implements for tilling the soil. However, the newspaper seems to have confused Robert McDowell of 'Oakvale' with Robert McDowell of Hay, New South Wales, who took out a patent (no. 4574) for 'improvements with ploughs' on 15 June 1886. See Victoria Government Gazette, 9 July 1886, p.1978.
[264] Robert Luke McDowell, Probate Administration files, 1904, VPRS 28/P2 Unit 688 PROV.
[267] Certificate of Title, vol. 111 fol. 064.
[268] Gordon Advertiser, 23 March 1907, op.cit.
[270] R. Huggins, Index of the Gordon Advertiser, 9 July 1909, private collection, Ballan.
[271] Bacchus Marsh Express, 29 October 1910. See also The Argus, 25 October 1910.
[272] Certificate of Title, vol. 3010 fol. 827 & Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages Indexes, op.cit.
[274] Certificate of Title vol. 84 fol. 755 & Davenport, op.cit.
[275] Ibid., vol. 3467 fol. 288 & Davenport, op.cit.
[276] Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages Indexes, op.cit.
[277] The Argus, 11 July 1951, p.14.
[282] P. Griffiths, Three Times Blest: A History of Buninyong & District 1837-1901, Buninyong & District Historical Society, 1988, pp.121-122.
[283] Ibid. & D. Kellaway, 'Research into Yuulong, Scotsburn, near Buninyong', National Trust of Australia (Victoria), 1976.
[284] D. Cahir, Dunnstown, notes provided on Killarney to the author, March 2010 & Australian Heritage Database online, 31 May 2009.
[285] A Pictorial History of the Shire of Ballan, Ballan Shire Historical Society, 1989, p.45 & Australian Heritage Database online, 31 May 2009. The latter states that the building was constructed in 1857.
[286] 'A Heritage Walk Through Ballan', Ballan Shire Historical Society, 1996.
[287] Taken from D. Rowe, 'Forest, Farmland & Gold: Thematic Environmental History of the Western Region of the Moorabool Shire', draft, prepared for the Moorabool Shire Council, June 2010.
[288] 'A Millbrook Octogenarian: The Late Mrs A. Sullivan', in Gordon, Egerton & Ballan Advertiser, 2 February 1917, p.1.
[292] 'Distinguished Pioneer Family' in The Advocate, 6 March 1941, p.28.
[293] 'A Millbrook Octogenarian', op.cit.
[295] Parish of Kerrit Bareet Plan, 1944, VPRS 16171 PROV.
[297] Ibid. See also Certificate of Title, vol. 225 fol. 803.
[298] 'A Millbrook Octogenarian', op.cit.
[299] 'Distinguished Pioneer Family', op.cit.
[300] Bungaree & District Historical Society Newsletter, no. 40, October 2001 & Appendix No. 29, 'Statement Showing Dates of Opening and Length in Miles of the Different Sections of the Victorian Railways', 1919, Commonwealth Parliamentary Papers, 1929, National Archives of Australia, pp.86-90.
[301] Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages Indexes, Department of Justice, Melbourne.
[303] Edmund Sullivan, Probate Administration files, 1878, VPRS 28/P2 Unit 75 PROV.
[304] Ibid. According to family history research by Maureen Davenport, Canberra, April 2015, Mrs Elizabeth Sullivan remarried in 1891 and relocated to Western Australia.
[306] R. Huggins, Transcript of the Gordon Advertiser, 17 May 1895.
[307] Certificate of Title, op.cit. Edward Sullivan appears to be owned and operated the Millbrook Hotel until 1892, when he advertised it for sale given that he was 'leaving the district.' See Huggins, op.cit., 12 August 1892. According to Maureen Davenport, Edward Sullivan relocated to Western Australia. He enlisted for World War One on 21 August 1916 at the age of 49 years and 10 months. See http://discoveringanzacs.naa.gov.au/Search/Persons?PlaceOfBirth=MILLBROOK&Page=2&Rows=15
[308] Ibid. A mortgage was taken out by T.J. Sullivan at this time, which further suggests that the dwelling was built at this time. The property was named 'The Pines' in a report on the marriage of Miss Agnes Veronica Sullivan to Francis John McGuigan in The Advocate, 14 June 1923, p.33.
[309] Ibid. & Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages Indexes, op.cit.
[310] James T. Sullivan, Probate Administration files, 1913, VPRS 28/P3 Unit 388 PROV.
[311] The Argus, 2 September 1912, p.14.
[317] Information taken from heritage Citations in the West Moorabool Heritage Study Stage 2A unless otherwise referenced.
[318] 'Isaac Westcott & the "Lal Lal Gardens" Millbrook', in the Bungaree and District Historical Society Newsletter, no. 29, July 1998, p.3.
[319] See Plan of the Town of Gordon, op.cit.