Heilbut, Symons & Co v Buckleton £19131 AC 30

• alleged misrepresentation that plant and equipment could be subject to alternate lease finance

CONTRACT - collateral contract - written loan contract - alleged oral collateral contract - inconsistent with

Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) s.52 Companies Act 1981 (Cth) s.129

Maybury v Atlantic Union O31 Company Limited (1953) 89 CLR*507

Gates v City Mutual Life Assurance Society Limited (1985) 63 ALR 600

BETWEEN 3 MORENITA PROPRIETARY LIMITED Applicant AND F AGC (ADVANCES) LIMITED

IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALTA NEW SOUTH WALES DISTRICT REGISTRY

BETWEEN : MORENITA PROPRIETARY LIMITED Applicant AND : AGC (ADVANCES) LIMITED First Respondent AND : PETER WALKER Second Respondent MINUTE OF ORDER vs Deke : Davies J

1. There be judgment for the respondents with costs.

Note : Settlement and entry of of the Federal Court Rules.

parties to apply for any further or other order as may seem meet.

NEW SOUTH WALES DISTRICT REGISTRY No. G.170 of 1986

In this action, the applicant, Morenita Proprietary Limited, places reliance upon s.52 of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth), upon principles of collateral contract and upon principles of estoppel. The applicant seeks an order varying security documents entered into between the applicant and the first respondent, an injunction restraining the carrying into effect of the appointment of the second respondent as receiver,

an injunction restraining the enforcement cf rights under the

security documents prior to variation thereof and also damages.

The applicant is the proprietor of the Aspen Chalet, a

hotel/motel at Jindabyne, New South Wales, which it purchased in 1984 for more than $1m. The Chalet was then in a run-down condition, the accommodation being virtually uninhabitable. Over the next 18 months, substantial renovations and improvements to the Chalet were effected. The Chalet became fully operational

towards the end of the financial year ended 30 June 1985.

The applicant's net trading loss for the year ended 30 June 1984 was $295,385. Its net trading loss for the year ended 30 June 1985 was $446,030. In addition, it expended considerable money in up-grading the Chalet. As at 30 June 1984, it had non-current liabilities of $3,170,000 and a bank overdraft of

$99,033. As at 30 Junet2985,-+ had non-current liabilities of ey

$3,525,000 and a bank overdraft of $540,107. Evidence was given that, of these liabilities, $3.9m was owed to the ANZ Bank Limited, financed principally by revolving bank bills, expensive

There are three matters which suggest that, by July 1985, the applicant was anxious to obtain early substitute finance. First, the applicant was being pressured for payment by one of its creditors, Grosvenor Holdings. Secondly, the applicant had commenced banking with the Westpac Banking Corporation at Jindabyne, an indication that its relationship with the ANZ Bank had deteriorated. Thirdly, the applicant's financial arrangements with the ANZ Bank were to come up for re-negotiation

the applicant was seeking the Aspen Chalet and a block of a matter of dispute. Mr N.H,

Heath, Managing Director of the applicant, deposed to one set of

Finance Division of the first respondent, AGC (Advances)

("AGC"), deposed to another. fact is difficult, and 'acted

Vereker, of Vereker and Partners, Solicitors for AGC, who

On 12 August 1985, Coopers a balance sheet and accounts for

year ended 30 June 1986, a projected profit and loss

I may "add that the absence of However, it is not necessary to resolve & Lybrand, accountants for the Heath enclosing a statement of his

1986 and directors' comments on forwarded to AGC on 9

September 1985. The valuation of the strata title townhouses at Homebush was dated 12 August 1985, made as a result of an inspection on 6 August 1985. Mr B.A. Shaw, valuer, assessed the return from that property at $41,400, capitalised this at the rate of 7.2% and arrived at a value of $575,000. The valuation of Aspen Chalet was based upon a capitalisation at the rate of 17.5% of a net income estimate for Aspen Chalet of $1,600,500. This estimate took into account both the projected cash flow Prepared by Coopers & Lybrand and actual trading figures. The resultant value arrived at for the Aspen Chalet was $5,750,000. The valuation of the Aspen Chalet was dated 12 August 1985, made

There are in evidence five documents, Exhibit No.5, which were produced from the custody of the applicant. The first two of these documents are documents written out by Mr Wood. The first document lists matters to be required in support of an application, namely,

directors' personal details. The document notes in respect of valuations "Coopers & Lybrand - all available". The second document is another document setting out details required of the Aspen Chalet and of the borrowing company. The other three documents are printed forms to be filled in presumably by the directors of the applicant. Mr Heath

did not recall how all these documents had come into the

applicant's hands. Mr Wood, om the other hand, said that he had

had a short interview with Mr Heath in the offices of AGC and, in that conversation, he had informed Mr Heath of the information

AGC would require. Nothing appears to turn on these documents.

Mr Heath gave evidence that, early in August 1985, he telephoned Mr Howard, the finance broker whom he had known for

some years. Mr Heath said that he provided Mr Howard with

sheets, cash flow projections from the accountants. Also a valuation was done."

Mr Heath said that subsequently Mr Howard telephoned him and arranged a luncheon ata restaurant in Pitt Street which took place late in August. He said that Mr Howard and Mr Wood atten@ed the luncheon and that he had not previously met Mr Wood. Mr Heath said that he did not receive Mr Shaw's valuations until after the luncheon. He said, however, that Mr Howard had told

him what the valuation would be. Mr Heath gave this evidence as

"T said to Mr Wood, 'I understand that you will only lend to 65 per cent of valuation and that would not be - on the valuation figures that would not be enough for me to get by till the next season'. That amount, 65 per cent, was

To whom did you say that, that it would not he enough?--To Michael Wood.

What response to that did he make?---I asked him - before he responded I asked him whether I. could have a second mortgage. He saic, 'If you want to go offshore you cannot have a second mortgage'.

or offshore before that?---I had discussee that with Howard.

What did you say to that?---I said to him that I wanted the option to go offshore because when I felt the time was right, I did not want to get involved in re-mortgage costs, which are quite

expensive, that this be part of the documentation. That is when he mentioned that I could not have a

What did you say?---I then asked, 'How about leasing the plant and equipment?'. And he said, 'That would be the way to go about it'.

On the topic of why you required additional finance what was said, if anything, and by whon, that is, by you or Mr Wood or both of you or by Mr Howard, in your presence, or by Mr Wood, in your presence, of course?---When I said to Mr Wood that

4.1 would not be enough, and after we discussed the leasing, I did mention that I would probably want about 350,000 on leasing.

Did Mr Wood make any response to that?---Not really - not that I can recall."

ae 4 This conversation was denied by Mr Wood in his evidence.

Mr Wood said that a luncheon occurred after the loan was granted

by AGC to the applicant and occurred by way of celebration of the event. He denied both Jlunching ina restaurant with Mr Heath prior to the granting of the loan, that Mr Heath had made it clear to him that he would need additional finance to get by until the next season and that he, Mr Wood, had agreed that that could be achieved by means of lease finance on the plant and

This is an important conversation for it is the basis for the allegation that AGC, by its enployee, Mr Wood, risled the applicant with respect to the applicant's ability after obtaining the loan from AGC to subject its plant anc equipment ta lease

finance, the allegation that there was a collateral contract

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between the applicant and AGC that the applicant could subject its plant and equipment to lease finance after obtaining a loan from AGC, and the allegation that AGC was thereby estopped from

No written application for a loan was lodged by the applicant but, on 3 September 1985, Mr Wood sent to his superiors a five-page proposal for a loan of s4.25m. The purpose of the loan was said to be as to $4m to repay the ANZ bills and overdraft and as to s.25m to purchase Mr Heath's mother's shareholding in the applicant company. In fact, it was the 50% shareholding of Mr Heath's aunt, Mrs Griffiths, who was co-director of the applicant, that Mr Heath intended to purchase. The proposal went on to say, * 'We: Ravey an excellent overall

tO margin against two prime readily saleable securities". The

proposal did not analyse the applicant's past results but said, "Trading results for the Aspen Chalet prior to 30/6/85 have no relationship to the current trading performance as the complex was only completed in April 1985." The proposal referred to Coopers & Lybrand's cash flow analysis and stated that the valuer estimated turnover/profit figures substantially above those of Coopers & Lybrand. The proposal referred to the estimated annual interest of $723,000 and said, "This figure will be adequately covered by the net trading profit of the Aspen Lodge for the year

ended June 86". The proposal said the security was tobe a

registered first mortgage over the Aspen Chalet, &@ registered first mortgage over the Homebush property, a Bill of Sale and Charge over the licence, goodwill, fixtures, Fittings and stock

of the Aspen Chalet anda guarantee by Mr Heath. The proposal

stated Mr Heath's net worth at $1.517m and did not disclose that,

apart from his interest in the applicant company, Mr Heath's net

On 16 September 1985, Mr Wood wrote on the letterhead of AGC to the applicant company confirming approval for a loan of $4,250,000 to be used to repay $4m to the ANZ Bank and as to $250,000 to purchase the shareholding in the applicant company. The security required was stated to be a registered mortgage over the Aspen Chalet, a registered mortgage over the Homebush property, a Bill of Sale and Charge over the licence, goodwill, fixtures, fittings and stock of the Aspen Chalet and a guarantee from the directors, including Mr Heath. The term of the loan was to be 36 months "and=they interest rate was 17.5% per annum. I need not detail other matters set out in the letter. At the foot of the letter was the line reading "We accept the above terms and conditions", There were lines for two signatures underneath that statement. Mr Heath and his aunt, Mrs Griffiths, both signed

their approval on these lines and the letter containing their

acceptance of the terms and conditions was returned to AGC.

A resolution of the Board of Directors of the applicant company, said to have been prepared by the applicant's solicitors, Messrs Allen, Allen & Hemsley, with respect to a meeting of the directors, Mr Heath and Mrs Griffiths, on 24 September 1985, records that the chairman had been advised of the loan and of the securities required including "4. A Deee of Charge charging the company's interest in the gocdwill,

hotelier's licence, fittings, fixtures and stock in trade of the

company's business known as the Aspen Chalet Hotel/Motel situate

at Jindabyne." The resolution records that the chairman tabled for inspection the security documents. It was resolved that the company enter into each of the security documents and that Mr Heath, as nominee of the applicant, be authorised to execute in

favour of AGC a power of attorney enabling AGC to deal with the

hotelier's licence in the event of default by the applicant.

Mr Heath gave evidence that, on about 25 September, he spoke to Mr P. Taylor, a leasing broker, and thereafter

telephoned Mr Wood. Mr Heath gave this evidence as to the

"Again using direct speech as best you can, and _ eed ek trying to repeat as precisely as you can, what was ee said by each person during that conversation?---I started the conversation by saying to Wood, 'I understand that you will not agree to a third party company leasing. What is required?' Wood indicated - - -

Just tell us?~--~Wood said that he wanted everything in Morenitas name. They did not want

No, were you going to say something that you remembered Mr Woods saying?---Yes, I remember Mr Wood saying that he thought it would be the best idea if, as there were three solicitors involved, that the solicitors have something to do with it.

Mr Wood had rejected the idea of a third party company being the lessee. Is that correct? He told you that?--~Yes.

Had you said anything to him regarding what arrangement, if any, you had been able to make or you had been trying to rake in respect of the leasing of the plant and equipment?---Yes, I told him that Peter Taylor was involved.

Did you tell him what Peter Taylor's involvement was?---As leasing broker, yes.

Did you tell him what the state of the arrangement was?---Yes, that Taylor was endeavouring to raise the money.

Still dealing with this telephone conversation between you and Mr Wood, was anything said regarding the security that AGC would be taking?---Yes, I did ask Mr Wood - - -

Just try to tell us what you said in direct speech?---'What about the lien on the plant and equipment?' Wood said to me, 'Look, I know you are anxious to settle this so we can fix all this up after settlement.'

What response did you make to that?---A positive response. I said yes."

This conversation was also said to constitute a breach of s.52 of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth), a collateral contract or a ground of estoppel. -132 Mr Wood denied that there was a conversation in these terms

or that he was aware of a proposal for leasing finance.

Settlement occurred on 27 September 1985. $4.25m was lent

to the applicant by AGC and the securities I have mentioned were

I need not deal with all the events thereafter. Mr Heath

gave evidence that he had the following conversation with Mr Wood

"What did you say?---'What about the lien on the plant and equipment'?

Yes?---And Wood said to me that it would be better if this was handled through their solicitors, Verekers, as Vereker knew what their requirements were and knew the legal implications much more than he did.

it." Mr Heath also gave the following evidence with respect to a conversation he had with Mr Wood late in November after he had received the depreciation schedule relating to the plant and equipment

"Did you contact him, call on him, telephone him? What is the situation?---I telephoned hin.

Again remembering the rules tell me what the conversation was please?---I said to Mr Wood that we had the printout and we were ready to proceed

and seeing we could not use the third party company, what was to happen. Mr Wood told me that

The $250,000 lent for the purpose of enabling Mr Heath to purchase his aunt's half share in the applicant had been put into the trust account of Vereker & Partners while consideration was given as to whether or not a loan for that purpose would breach

$.129 of the Companies Act 1981 (Cth). As the cash returns of the applicant were not as large as had been anticipated, the applicant found difficulty in meeting the monthly payments of interest due to AGC. Accordingly, from time to time Mr Heath took monies from the fund standing to the applicant's credit at Vereker & Partners and used such funds to assist payment of the aunterest due. On 26 November 1985, a letter was typed out in Mr Howard's office and signed by Mr Heath. It rea2 as follows : "Further to our conversation today, could you please request AGC Finances Ltd to release to the

company $25,000.00 of the monies held until the leasing arrangements are complete.

Upon completion of the leases, the amount will be made up to cover purchase of the shares in the company."

On that letter was endorsed a note made on the same day by Mr

On 27 November 1985, Mr Heath wrote to AGC as follows :

"I note that your company is currently holding $200,000.00 on deposit pending my solicitors and accountants producing evidence satisfactory to you that the Companies {NSW) Code has been complied with in respect of the purchase of my aunt's interest in Morenita Pty Limited.

The purpose of this letter is to seek your consent to the withdrawal of an amount of $25,000.00 from the monies so held in order to enable the company to meet certain commitments not associated with the purchase of my aunt's share in the company, on the understanding that I will return.the @um of $25,000.00 to you upon completion "of leasing arrangements which I currently have in hand and which I expect to finalise within the next four weeks."

On the same day, Vereker & Partners wrote to Mr Howard as

"We refer to discussions with yourself concerning the withdrawal of $25,000.00 from monies currently held by us pending compliance with the Companies (NSW) Code in respect of the purchase of Noel Heath's aunt's share in Morenita Pty Limited.

On the basis of the matters set out ina letter from Noel Heath to our client dated 27th November 1985 concerning the near completion of proposed leasing arrangements our client has consented to the payment to your client of $25,000.00 and a bank cheque for this amount is enclosed herewith."

On 7 January 1986, Vereker & Partners sent to the applicant the balance of the monies retained on its behalf in the 'trust

Mr P.d. Taylor, the lease broker, gave evidence that he had been asked to assist in arranging a lease finance package to re-finance the monies owed to ANZ. He had a meeting with Mr Heath and with Coopers & Lybrand in early August 1985, He requested a copy of the depreciation schedule of equipment and fixtures and fittings at the Jindabyne property and also a balance sheet at 30 June 1985. Subsequently, he attended a meeting with Mr Heath and with Coopers & Lybrand on 20 September.

Again, he requested a depreciation schedule, the schedule still

not having been prepared. He received a depreciation schedule

and balance sheet in late November. He submitted an application for leasing finance initially to Broadlands, a leasing company. The application was not successful and he subsequently submitted

Mr Taylor said that, on or about 25 or 26 November, Mr Vereker telephoned him anc there was the following conversation :

"What did he say to you, materially what did he say to you?---He said, 'I understand you are arranging leasing finance for Mr Heath and Morenita'.

What did you say?---I said, 'Yes. I am awaiting receipt of accounts for (sic) Myr Health's accountant and I then will lodge an application'.

What did he say?---He asked me how I proposed to arrange the leasing.

And you said?---I said, by way of sale, lease back of plant, equipment and fixtures and fittings, supported by collateral second mortgages behind AGC, and it was ry understanding that AGC had consented, would consent to that leasing on that basis.

What @id Mr Vereker say?---He said that the documentation coule be done by way of deed of postponement of the plant and equipment. I saic, 'Yes, I suppose it can be done that way'.

What did you say? Did you say anything else or did he say anything else?---He asked me when the approval might be forthcoming. I said I did not

have approval as yet and TI could not say what time, and until I received the documents from the

accountant I had to emphasise that I did not have an approval as yet."

Mr Taylor said that approval for the finance was obtained in January 1986 from Borg Warner, that is to say, Borg Warner was prepared to acquire the plant and equipment and to lease it back for a 5-year term. There were to be monthly payments of $9,400 of the 10% residual payment to be made. Borg Warner was to pay $350,000 as the acquisition price of the plant and equipment (valued by Mr Shaw in February 1986 at $437,790). Conditions of

the approvainwer$ that there be collateral-second mortgages on

Aspen Lodge and the Homebush properties, that there be a deed of

postponement from AGC with respect to the furnishings and fittings and plant and equipment and that the first mortgage debt

Approaches were made to AGC for its co-operation in this

transaction. On 3 March 1986, Vereker & Partners wrote to Messrs

"We write to confirm previous telephone advice that our client is not prepared to consent to the release from the existing Deed of Change in favour of A.G.C. (Advances) Limited the chattels described in the memorandum of Partial Discharge. Our client is however prepared to allow :-

1. A second mortgage on title over the land which A.G.C. (Advances) Limited has taken

2. A subsequent charge over the chattels owned by Morenita Pty Limited."

Mr Heath gave this evidence of a conversation he had with Mr Wood on 6 March 1986 :

"What did you say to him in that conversation on 6 March?---I said to Mr Wood, 'why can't this

leasing be completed? Is there any other suggestion that you might have?' Mr Wood said to me that he could not get it through upstairs.

Is that all that was said that you recall?---That I recall, yes."

In his evidence, Mr Wood denied Mr Heath's evidence. He

gave this evidence as to a conversation in February :

"Can I then ask you to go to the luncheon which you think was in February? Was there any discussion at that luncheon concerning the Morenita finance? ---Yes. .

= Can you then tell' his Honour the conversation?--- Mr Heath told me that - the name Borg-Warner was mentioned. He told me he had been successful in arranging a loan through Borg-Warner and he was in a position to crystallise his earlier request for our consent to take a charge behind our securities on the various properties we held; and I told him to contact Mr Vereker, our company solicitor, regarding the arranging of the registration of the second mortgage.

What was his answer to that?---He accepted that." In cross~examination, Mr Wood gave this evidence :

"What did you understand by the words 'crystallize his earlier request'?---His request to me to lodge a second mortgage and a second charge behind our securities.

Was that your word or his, 'crystallize'?---That is my word.

That is your word. So he was, according to you, to use your summary, saying something that led you to interpret it as the crystallization of an earlier transaction which had been discussed - crystallization of a discussion?---I used the word crystallized in regard to when an informal request is made earlier. When the formal application is made later, that is when I term it to be crystallizing the original informal discussion."

As to the March conversation, Mr Wood said that there was a discussion as to the financial problems the applicant was having but no allegation was made that AGC had represented that it would release plant and equipment to allow further finance to be

The applicant failed to make the interest payment of $66,428.08 due on 1 February 1986, and a payment of $74,578.77 due on 1 March 1986. On 7 March 1986, it was given notice that AGC proposed to exercise its power of sale under the mortgage

Subsequently, there were discussions between Mr Heath and Mr R.J.M.* MacDiarmid, the manager of New South Wales Property Finance for AGC. Mr MacDiarmid's diary note of 13 March 1986

"Noel Heath called today to see Marguerite Hewitt and myself. The following points evolved :

i. Purchase of the building wes in January, 1984, from a Receiver. The building was incomplete at the time;

2. The building was completed June, 1984, trading commenced July, 1984;

3. Trading through the Summer renths was poor, however, he believes that commencing May, 1986, weekly take will increase to about $20,000 per week or $80,000 per month;

4. Now advertising on Perfect Match which he believes will produce high bookings;

7. Heath sought, to which we agreed, to send details of our disbursement: of settlement to his Accountant, Coopers & Lybrand,

Liverpool. They are presently preparing profit and loss statements for the year to

December 31, 1985 of which a copy will be forwarded to us;

8. We told Heath that we were not prepared to allow Borg Warner finance to take a registered charge over the goods of the building prior to ours, however, they are welcome to take a subsequent charge;

9. Heath confirmed that the Homebush units had been placed on the market and were expected to sell for approximately $500,000 in one line;

10. Heath believes he will be ina position to make one payment by the end of April, 1986, however, no further payments would be made before May. I told him that we would reconsider the position once we had received Coopers & Lybrand's figures and would very likely then travel to Jindabyne to inspect

In April, Mr Heath had a further discussion with Mr MacDidrmfd-at the Aspen Chalet. With respect to these conversations, Mr Heath

"And that again was a meeting at which it would have been entirely appropriate for you to have said to Mr McDiarmid, 'AGC told us when the loar was being arranged that the plant, etcetera, would be released so we could raise additional finance, but welched on that deal'?---I did tell Mr McDiarmid that.

What I am suggesting is that you did not tell him that at all?---I did tell Mr McDiarmid that.

What did you say to him?---I said to Mr McDiarmid. I was embarrassed by this, because I was always under the impression that AGC would agree to the leasing of the equipment, because you only have to have a look at the figures to see there is not enough income in the off-season to sustain the interest payments.

Is that all you said to Mr McDiarrid on that subject?---Mr McDiarmid - - - .

Is that all you said to Mr McDiarmid on th subject?--~ - Yes.

on 17 April, I _ suggest. Can you agree with that?---Yes, I believe it was a Wednesday or

But can you agree with that date, though, 17 April?---Yes.

What I suggest to you is that in the whole of that meeting with Mr McDiarmid again nothing was said

by you to the effect that AGC was welching on what I may, for shortness, call the lease-back

at that meeting about leasing - apart from just maybe a general reference. It was not discussed

Might I suggest there was just no mention of it?---I think I may have mentioned that - the release of the plant and equipment to him.

You did not complain to Mr McDiarmid at that meeting in Jindabyne, did you, that there was a breach of some arrangement for the release of the plant, etcetera?---As I said, there was no

It is not necessary for me to discuss Mr Wood's evidence in

Amended points of claim filed on 10 June 1986 set out the

(a) In or about August 1985 Mr Wood on behalf of the first respondent, represented to Mr Noel Heath on behalf of the applicant, that if the applicant entered into the transaction hereinafter referred to with the first respondent, the first respondent would release plant and equipment and fixtures and fittings hereinafter referred to for the purposes of permitting the applicant to obtain further finance by way of a sale and lease-back arrangement.

(b) The transaction in contemplation at the time of the afcrementioned representation was the lending of 4.25 million dollars from the

first respondent to the applicant upon the security of certain property of the applicant located at premises known as Aspen Chalet, Kosciusko Road, Jindabyne, New South

(c) On or about 25 September 1985 Mr Wood on behalf of the first respondent represented to Mr Heath on behalf of the applicant that subsequent to settlement of the aforementioned transaction, the security documents with regard thereto, could be amended to delete reference to the aforementioned plant and equipment and fixtures and fittings so as to enable the applicant to obtain further finance by the

(d) The aforementioned representations were misleading and deceptive or likely to mislead and deceive in that, inter alia, Mr Wood did not intend that the first respondent would so consent or if he did so

intend his intention lacked any, or any adequate, foundation.

Those particulars were relied upon both in relation to the

allegation of contravention of s.52 of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) and the allegation of breach of collateral contract.

By reason of these breaches it was alleged that AGC was estopped

from giving effect to its security until it had released the plant, equipment, fixtures and fittings for the purpose of

permitting the applicant to obtain further finance.

As the applicant seeks to restrain AGC from exercising the rights conferred upon it under the security documents executed between the applicant and AGC, it is necessary that I shouid approach its claim with caution, whichever basis of clair fe

relied upon. The words cf Lord Moulton in Heilbut, Symons & Cc v

Buckleton £19137 AC 30 at 47 are apyosite. His Lordship saiz

",.. Such collateral contracts, the sole effect of which is to vary or add to the terms of the

principal contract, are therefore viewed with suspicion by the law. They must be proved strictly. Not only the terms of such contracts but the existence of an animus contrahendi on the

part of all the parties to them must be clearly shewn. Any laxity on these points would enable

parties to escape from the full performance of the obligations of contracts unquestionably entered into by them and more especially would have the effect of lessening the authority of written contracts by making it possible to vary them by suggesting the existence of verbal collateral

agreements relating to the same subject-matter." Indeed, in relation to collateral contracts, Justices of the High Court have said that a collateral contract ought not to be relied

upon if it is inconsistent with a written contract to which it is

collateral. See Hoyt's Pty Limited v Spencer (1919) 27 CLR 133

at 139, 147-8; Cutts v Buckley (1933) 49 CLR 189 at 201;

Maybury v Atlantic Union Oil Company Limited (1953) 89 CLR 507 at

City Mutual Life Assurance Society Limited (1985) 63 ALR 600 at 606.

The probabilities are strongly against the applicant's

A crucial question is whether AGC''s letter to the applicant, dated 16 September 1985, which set out the terms and conditions upon which the loans would be granted, fairly set out the arrangement and the whole of the arrangement between AGC and

Support for the view that it did comes from the fact that

the letter was a formal letter, it was clear and comprehensive

and it regsired acknowledgement by the two directors of the

applicant. Support comes also from the fact that that

acknowledgement was given, and that the minutes of the applicant,

prepared by Messrs Allen, Allen & Hemsley, fully set out the nature of the transaction into which the applicant resolved to enter. That minute, like the letter of 16 September 1985, made

no mention of an arrangement between Mr Heath and Mr Wood that

AGC would release or postpone its securities to enable the

I find it difficult to accept that Messrs Allen, Allen &

Hemsley would have permitted the transaction to have proceeded in the way that it did had they understood that it had been arranged between Mr Heath and Mr Wood that AGC would release or suspend its securities to permit the applicant to obtain leasing finance. A transaction such'? *&s that which was proposed with Borg Warner was inconsistent both with the security documents which the applicant executed and also with the basis upon which the valuation of the property, the valuation by reference to which the loan was calculated, had been made. he valuation proceeded upon the value of Aspen Chalet as an on-going business. Clearly, the sale of the plant and equipment of the Aspen Chalet to a

There is no evidence of any letter sent by the applicant or Messrs Allen, Allen & Hemsley prior to the granting of the loan

stating that the letter from AGC of 16 September 1985 did not set

out the full arrangement between the parties or that there was an

understanding that the applicant would he perritted to assign its

plant and equipment to another party to enable the applicant to

obtain further finance. I assume that no such letter was

written. Nor is there any evidence that a letter complaining of breach by AGC of Mr Wood's undertaking to Mr Heath. Again I assume that if any letter favourable to the applicant had been

Nor is there any matter in the objective facts which leads me to the view that Mr Wood gave the assurance which is alleged. No such matter was mentioned in the proposal for finance which Mr Wood put to his superior. No such matter was mentioned in the letter of 16 September 1985. And, after the loan was granted, Mr Wood did not take an on-going interest in the affairs of the

applicant. When problems of payment arose, they were dealt with by others in AGC, particularly Mr McDiarmid.

The lack of discussion between Mr Heath and Mr Wood with respect to the funds that would be necessary to enable the applicant to fund its activities throughout the year is a significant point. That matter does not appear to have been examined in depth nor does it appear that Mr Heath asked AGC itself to lend the additional $350,000. Mr Heath's evidence was that he understood that AGC would lend only a certain proportion of the valuation. If this were so, it seems improbable thet he would have understood that AGC would not increase its loan by an additional $350,000 but would permit assets, vital to the security and of a value in excess of $350,000, to be assigned to

Moreover, the evidence given by Mr Heath does not satisfy

me that Mr Wood ever turned his mind to or agreed to a lease

finance proposal such as was contemplated with Borg Warner,

namely, one which involved the assignment of plant and equipment.

The conversation at the restaurant in August, if it took place, did not take place in a business-like context, but over lunch at which, according to Mr Heath, he and Mr Wood first met. Even on Mr Heath's version of the event, the luncheon can have been no more than a@ means of introducing the two main

participants and of enabling them to engage in introductory

discussion. No application in writing had been made to AGC for funds and, although Mr Wood might have seen the Coopers & Lybrand material, he had not seen Mr Shaw's valuations. There is nothing in that conversation which leads me to think that either party was binding itself to a course of action or that thespthér party

Mr Heath's evidence as ta the conversation on 25 September is clearly against the applicant's claim that Mr Wood undertook that AGC would release its securities soas to permit the implementation of a lease finance transaction having priority over AGC. As already set out, Mr Heath's evidence was that Mr Wood said that he wanted everything in Morenita's name, that he did not want another company involved and that he rejected the idea of a third party being the lessee (owner). Even if Mr Heath's evidence that the obtaining of lease finance was discussed in this conversation is accepted, I cannct @raw frox the evidence the conclusion that Mr Wood undertook that AGC weul2 release its securities to enable the plant and eguiprent tc Ek:

assigned to a lease financier. It appears to me that Mr Heath's

evidence demonstrates the contrary, namely, that Mr Wood rejected

that proposition and suggested that, if further finance was required, the three solicitors should get together to discuss how

I have not discussed Mr Wood's evidence at length. Mr I.D.F. Callinan, QC, senior counsel for the applicant, properly criticised certain aspects of it. But even so, I am not left with the impression that Mr Wood was other than straightforward

in his dealings with Mr Heath. Mr Wood's evidence does not

For the above reasons, I am not satisfied that Mr Wood undertook to Mr Heath that AGC-Syutdfrelease its securities to' enable leasing finance to be obtained. I am not able to resolve all the issues of fact raised by the evidence and it is not necessary that I do so. It may well be that Mr Heath at all times realised that the applicant would need additional finance

but that Mr Wood, who presented an optimistic proposal to his superiors, did not. It may well be that Mr Heath was not fully aware of the technical aspects of the securities into which the applicant entered or the technical aspects of a lease financing arrangement such as that proposed with Borg Warner. And it may well be that Mr Heath and Mr Wood would both have benefitted in their knowledge if they had spent more tire together examining the applicant's affairs. But this case does not turn upper observations suck as these. The issue is whether AGC had undertaken through Mr Wood that it would release its securitzres

to enable other finance to be obtained. It is sufficient that I

am satisfied that it did not do so and that the letter from AGC to the applicant of 16 September 1985 and the security documents set out the whole of the arrangement between the applicant and

In these circumstances, there will be judgment for the respondents with costs. I shall order that the interlocutory injunction be discharged and I shall reserve liberty to the

parties to apply for any further or other order as may seem meet.

| certify that this and the twenty - feor (26) preceding pages are a true copy of the reasons for judgment herein of The Honour-