austlii:cth/ARTA/2025/2218
General information, not legal advice.
ARTA
2025-10-20
Deputy President P
Original judgment source is linked above.
21 Under s 920A(1) of the Corporations Act ASIC may make a banning order by giving written notice to a person in certain circumstances. However, by s 920A(2) ASIC may only make a banning order after giving the person an opportunity to be heard (in private) and make submissions other than in the two circumstances specified in s 920A(3) (where immediate cancellation or suspension of a financial services licence is authorised pursuant to s 915B or in case of a conviction for serious fraud).
22 Section 920B(1) specifies that a banning order is:
... a written order that prohibits a person from providing any financial services or specified financial services in specified circumstances or capacities.
23 Section 920B(2) provides:
(2) The order may prohibit the person against whom it is made from providing a financial service:
(b) for a specified period, unless ASIC has reason to believe that the person is not of good fame or character.
24 Under s 920C(1) a person against whom a banning order is made cannot be granted an Australian financial services licence contrary to the banning order. By s 920C(2):
(b) the conduct breaches a banning order that has been made against the person.
Such a contravention is an offence under s 1311(1).
25 Section 920D(1) provides that ASIC may cancel or vary a banning order by giving written notice to the person against whom the order was made if "ASIC is satisfied that it is appropriate to do so because of a change in any of the circumstances based on which ASIC made the order".
26 Under s 920E(1) a banning order "takes effect when it is given to the person against whom the order is or was made".
27 Section 920E(2) is in the following terms:
(2) ASIC must publish a notice in the Gazette as soon as practicable after making, varying or cancelling a banning order. The notice must state when the action took effect and:
(a) in the case of the making of a banning order - set out a copy of the banning order; or
(b) in the case of the variation of a banning order - set out a copy of the banning order as varied.
28 Under s 920F(1) a banning order must be accompanied by a statement of reasons for the order.
29 Section 922A(1) requires ASIC to establish and maintain registers relating to financial services. Section 922A(2) provides for the Corporations Regulations to prescribe the way in which the registers are to be established and maintained including the details that ASIC must enter in respect of persons against whom a banning order is made. Regulation 7.6.06(1) is as follows:
(1) For subsection 922A(2) of the Act, ASIC must include the following details for each person against whom a banning order is made in the register of persons against whom a banning order under Division 8 of Part 7.6 of the Act is made:
(b) the day on which the banning order took effect;
(c) whether the banning order is permanent or for a fixed period;
(d) if the banning order is for a fixed period - the period;
(f) whether the banning order has been varied or cancelled;
(h) if the banning order has been cancelled - the date of the cancellation;
(i) any other information that ASIC believes should be included in the register.
30 Section 1317B(1) of the Corporations Act provides for the AAT to review decisions by ASIC (amongst others) in these terms:
(1) Subject to this Part, applications may be made to the Tribunal for review of a decision made under this Act by:
(c) the Companies Auditors and Liquidators Disciplinary Board.
31 The reference to "the Tribunal" in s 1317B(1) is a reference to the AAT (s 9).
32 By s 1317A "decision" has the same meaning as in the AAT Act (see [34] below).
33 A decision to make a banning order is thus reviewable by the AAT. By s 1317D(2) ASIC is thus required to:
...take such steps as are reasonable in the circumstances to give to each person whose interests are affected by the decision notice, in writing or otherwise:
(b) of the person's right to have the decision reviewed by the Tribunal.
(a) the product disclosure statements for the Shield Fund high growth class investment which showed that it was a high-risk investment, that it was not a standalone investment and that it was exposed to potential conflicts of interests. > > (b) The statement of advice provided to some clients which contained a graph and table which represented that the Shield Fund had been operating since 2016.
(a) The Shield Fund had generated returns since 2016; > > (b) The Shield Fund had outperformed alternatives since 2016; and > > (c) The Shield Fund had a higher performance track record than alternatives.
51 The nature of the decision under review will affect the identification of the "interests of any persons who may be affected by the review". Accordingly, those interests are to be identified by reference to the statutory scheme under which the decision under review was made. In the case of a banning order the provisions are those which ASIC identified in the Corporations Act and Corporations Regulations (and which are referred to above). ... Given the nature of a banning order, the persons who may be affected by a review of its making include not only the recipient and his or her dependants, associates and employees but also that person's existing and potential clients, as well as the public at large.
52 Determining whether the making of an order under s 41(2) of the AAT Act is desirable requires resolving these potentially competing interests. In this process of resolution the scheme embodied by the legislation under which the banning order is made is central. The context set by that scheme is a "fundamental element" in the formation of the opinion according to law (The Queen v Hunt; Ex parte Sean Investments Pty Ltd [1979] HCA 32; (1979) 180 CLR 322 at 329). The scheme discloses that a banning order protects the public. It is intended to protect the public from obtaining financial services from a person who (amongst other things) has not, or ASIC reasonably believes has not, complied with a financial services law or has had their Australian financial services licence suspended or cancelled (s 920A(1)).
53 The structure of the scheme also indicates Parliament's assessment of the appropriate resolution of the competing interests of persons who may be affected by a banning order. Other than in limited circumstances a banning order cannot be made without giving the proposed recipient a right to be heard and to make submissions in private to ASIC (s 920A(2)). A banning order must be accompanied by a statement of reasons (s 920F(1)). If, and only if, ASIC makes a banning order is it required to make public that fact (ss 920E(2) and 922A). For the AAT to form an opinion under s 41(2) of the AAT Act (that it would be desirable and in the "interests of any persons who may be affected by the review" to make an order staying or otherwise affecting the operation or implementation of ASIC's decision) these elements of the statutory regime, and the balance between the competing interests that they represent, must be treated as a fundamental element in the weighing of the competing considerations.
54 Moreover, information is the key to effective trading in any market. It takes the place of regulation in ensuring fairness. A market which is not fully informed is not operating properly. Is not an investor who is about to deposit funds with a person providing financial services entitled to know that a banning order has been made against the person? If the order has been stayed on substantial grounds the person is also entitled to know that. The informed investor may continue with the proposal. If the investor does not, then that is just an example of the operation of the market place. The critical matter is that the market is fully informed. If the banning order is not disclosed, but subsequently upheld, is not the investor entitled to complain that all the circumstances should have been made public?
The Consequences for the Applicant and the Respondent and the public interest
(a) he has been unemployed since service on him of the banning order on 23 July 2025;[15] > > (b) as an employee of MWL Financial Services Pty Ltd (MWL) up until the effective date of the banning order, he had approximately 125 active clients who have been negatively affected by the banning order;[16] > > (c) since graduating from university, he has been continuously employed as a financial planner and all his qualifications and experience are entirely within the financial services industry making it difficult to obtain employment outside of that industry;[17] > > (d) he is the main breadwinner for his family which includes his fiancée and his 22-month-old child;[18] > > (e) he will suffer lasting harm to his reputation if the banning order is not stayed and he will become unemployable in the financial services industry;[19] > > (f) his family is dependent on his income without which there will be a significant deficit every year; > > (g) their plans to have a second child have been put on hold, so too their wedding and the purchase of a house;[20] > > (h) he and his fiancée both have diagnosed mental health conditions which require treatment, and which have deteriorated since the banning order;[21] > > (i) he is fully committed to doing whatever it takes to preserve his career including entering into a formal mentoring agreement and he would accept a partial or conditional stay to allow him to continue working in the financial services industry.[22]
(a) since his employment ended on 23 July 2025, he has applied for over 100 advertised positions and has had two interviews;[23] > > (b) as MWL has had its Australian financial services licence (AFSL) revoked, he is unable to return to his previous role even if the banning order is fully or partially stayed but if the decision revoking the MWL licence was set aside or stayed then he would be able to continue with MWL either in a client facing or non-client facing role should his banning order be stayed or partially stayed.[24]
[71] ... careful consideration ... must be given by the AAT in any exercise of power under s 41(2) of the AAT Act to the balance of competing rights and interests struck by Parliament as embodied in the terms of the Corporations Act, particularly the balance between the rights and interests of the recipient of the banning order and of the public including existing and potential future clients of the recipient of the banning order. As we have said the scheme which the provisions of the Corporations Act embody - with the potential making of a banning order to remain private unless and until ASIC decides to make such an order after having given the recipient an opportunity to be heard - is not mere statutory background or a neutral factor in the process of the formation of the required opinion about what is desirable under s 41(2) of the AAT Act. The scheme which Parliament has established in the Corporations Act, and the public interest in the right of the market to know relevant information as soon as practicable, must be treated as a fundamental element in the decision-making process required under s 41(2) of the AAT Act.
Will the review application be rendered nugatory and relevance of when the banning order was made and the length of time to the hearing
(a) the principle that it is desirable that hearings of proceedings in the Tribunal are held in public;
(b) the principle that it is desirable that evidence given before the Tribunal is made available to the public;
(c) the principle that it is desirable that evidence given before the Tribunal and the contents of documents given to the Tribunal are made available to all the parties to the proceeding;
(d) any reasons in favour of making an order, including the following:
(i) in any case - the circumstances of the parties to the proceeding and other persons connected to the proceeding;
(ii) in any case - the harm (if any) that is likely to occur to a person if the order is not made;
(iii) in relation to an order under section 70 - the confidential nature (if any) of the information;
(e) any other matters that the Tribunal considers relevant.
[75] Suppression orders are rarely made in courts, even though publicity undoubtedly disadvantages the parties. Criminal proceedings are a good example. In the AAT itself facts which parties would not wish to be published and which may disadvantage them are frequently published. Social security applications are a good example. The reason these matters are not kept secret is the overriding importance of justice being administered openly and in public. It is not readily apparent why persons in businesses should be treated differently even when, for example, employees may be disadvantaged.
[76] When measured against the existence of the norm of a public hearing and the scheme established by the Corporations Act with respect to banning orders, it is apparent that the AAT would need some cogent reason by reference to the particular case to depart from the ordinary requirement of a public hearing. It is difficult to accept that harm (even serious harm) to the recipient's reputation resulting from public awareness of the banning order will be a sufficiently cogent reason to justify the grant of a stay in most cases. This is because the risk of harm of this type is inherent in the nature of a banning order.
[54] Moreover, information is the key to effective trading in any market. It takes the place of regulation in ensuring fairness. A market which is not fully informed is not operating properly. Is not an investor who is about to deposit funds with a person providing financial services entitled to know that a banning order has been made against the person? If the order has been stayed on substantial grounds the person is also entitled to know that. The informed investor may continue with the proposal. If the investor does not, then that is just an example of the operation of the market place. The critical matter is that the market is fully informed. If the banning order is not disclosed, but subsequently upheld, is not the investor entitled to complain that all the circumstances should have been made public?
Requests for suppression orders - for that is what they are, in substance - will be scrutinised very carefully where the reviewable decision in question relates to a person's right to participate in a regulated occupation. Participation in a regulated occupation brings many benefits, including (in many cases) economic advantages that accrue to licence holders. Those economic advantages flow from the establishment of barriers to entry that incidentally reduce competition between the favoured few. The licence necessarily carries with it a requirement that the licensee conform to the rules and participate in regulatory processes according to law. Most of those regulatory regimes - including the one established in Chapter 7 of the Corporations Act 2001 (the Corporations Act) - place a premium on transparency. It follows that a risk of bad publicity accompanying adverse regulatory action will often be regarded as an incident of a licensee's participation in a regulated occupation.
I certify that the preceding 60 (sixty) paragraphs are a true copy of the reasons for the decision herein of Deputy President P Britten-Jones.
............................[SGD]...............................
Mr Philip Bender, Mr Tim Farhall and Mr Gary Zhang
[1] Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Administrative Appeals Tribunal [2009] FCAFC 185; (2009) 181 FCR 130, 142-3 [50]-[51] ('Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Administrative Appeals Tribunal').
[7] Re Scott and Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2009] AATA 798 at [4] ('Re Scott').
[8] Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Administrative Appeals Tribunal (n 1) 142 [49] - [50].
[10] Stay Application and Confidentiality Application Written Submissions on behalf of the Applicant dated 28 August 2025, 4 [6] ('Applicant's Submissions').
[11] Respondent's Outline of Submissions Interlocutory Application for Stay and Confidentiality Orders, 20-1 [69] ('Respondent's Submissions').
[12] Applicant's Submissions (n 10) 30-6.
[14] Respondent's Submissions (n 11) 18 [60].
[15] Affidavit of Wade Lance Spooner dated 27 August 2025, 2 [7].
[23] Supplementary Affidavit of Wade Lance Spooner dated 23 September 2025, 6 [31].
[25] Affidavit of Applicant's fiancée dated 27 August 2025, 1 [3].
[27] Applicant's Submissions (n 10) at [189] to [239].
[28] Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Administrative Appeals Tribunal (n 1) 144 [56]- [57].
[31] See Caratti and Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2024] ARTA 103 at [60].
[32] Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Administrative Appeals Tribunal (n 1) 148-9 [76].
[33] Supplementary T-Documents, article by Andrew Hobbs dated 5 September 2025 at ST7.20, 3207-20.
[34] Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Administrative Appeals Tribunal (n 1) 148-9 [75] - [76].
[36] [2020] AATA 1516 at [18].
Australian Securities & Investments Commission
Administrative Appeals Tribunal
Australian Securities & Investments Commission v Administrative Appeals Tribunal [2009] FCAFC 185; (2009) 181 FCR 130
Caratti and Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2024] ARTA 103
Daly and Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2020] AATA 1516
Re Scott and Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2009] AATA 798
(2009) 181 FCR 130
(1979) 180 CLR 322