Huang v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection

Tribunal Decision 9 The applicants applied to the Tribunal for review of the delegate's decision on 14 June 2012. 10 In accordance with cl 572.224 of Schedule 2 of the Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth), the Tribunal had to determine whether Ms Huang satisfied PIC 4020, and if not, whether the requirements of PIC 4020(1) and (2) should be waived under PIC 4020(4). 11 PIC 4020 and the definition of "bogus document" then contained in s 97 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) were set out in the attachment to the Decision Record. PIC 4020 relevantly provided as follows: (1) There is no evidence before the Minister that the applicant has given, or caused to be given, to the Minister, an officer, the Migration Review Tribunal, a relevant assessing authority or a Medical Officer of the Commonwealth, a bogus document or information that is false or misleading in a material particular in relation to: (a) the application for the visa; or (b) a visa that the applicant held in the period of 12 months before the application was made. (2) The Minister is satisfied that during the period: (a) starting 3 years before the application was made; and (b) ending when the Minister makes a decision to grant or refuse to grant the application; the applicant and each member of a family unit of the applicant has not been refused a visa because of a failure to satisfy the criteria in subclause (1). ... (3) To avoid doubt, subclauses (1) and (2) apply whether or not the Minister became aware of the bogus document or information that is false or misleading in a material particular because of information given by the applicant. (4) The Minister may waive the requirements of any or all of paragraphs (1)(a) or (b) and subclause (2) if satisfied that: (a) compelling circumstances that affect the interests of Australia; or (b) compassionate or compelling circumstances that affect the interests of an Australian citizen, an Australian permanent resident or an eligible New Zealand citizen; justify the granting of the visa. (5) In this clause: information that is false or misleading in a material particular means information that is: (a) false or misleading at the time it is given; and (b) relevant to any of the criteria the Minister may consider when making a decision on an application, whether or not the decision is made because of that information. Note: Regulation 1.03 defines bogus document as having the same meaning as in section 97 of the Act. 12 "Bogus document" was defined in s 97 of the Migration Act as follows: bogus document, in relation to a person, means a document that the Minister reasonably suspects is a document that: (a) purports to have been, but was not, issued in respect of the person; or (b) is counterfeit or has been altered by a person who does not have authority to do so; or (c) was obtained because of a false or misleading statement, whether or not made knowingly. 13 The applicants attended the Tribunal hearing on 22 May 2014 with the assistance of an interpreter and they were represented in relation to the review (including at the hearing) by their migration agent, who was not Mr Jackie Chang: Decision Record at [3]. 14 Before the hearing, on 16 and 21 May 2014, Ms Huang's migration agent provided a submission and supporting documents. At [9], the Decision Record states that: ... [The submission] confirmed that the applicant had submitted a certificate from Evolution System to satisfy the English requirement for her student visa application that was later found to be fraudulent. Significantly, the submission stated: • 'It is not in dispute that the certificate which Ms Huang submitted to the Department of Immigration was a bogus document'. • The applicant realised the mistake she made in submitting the bogus documents. • She sincerely apologised for submitting bogus certificates as her English proficiency evidence to the Department and has 'no doubt made a mistake'. • She is endeavouring to mitigate her mistake and is extremely keen to complete her further studies in Australia as completing her studies is vital in her future career. • Her further study will encourage the Australian education market, as well as the Australian economy in general. • Documents submitted included a Certificate indicating she had completed a Diploma in Management in 2012; records of money transfers from her parents in China; her application to study for a Master of Business Administration Degree; confirmation of a booking for an IELTS test; and a letter of offer from Holmes Institute Master of Business Administration Degree. 15 The Tribunal found that Ms Huang had provided, or caused to be provided, a "bogus document" and "information that is false or misleading in a material particular" to the Department in respect of her visa application. Therefore, she did not meet PIC 4020(1): Decision Record at [12]-[13]. 16 Further, although the Tribunal accepted that, as a fee paying student, Ms Huang may bring value to the Australian education market and that both applicants had contributed to the Australian economy as consumers and (in Mr Zheng's case) as a taxpayer, the Tribunal did not consider that those factors rose to the level of compelling or compassionate circumstances which would justify the grant of a visa. The Tribunal therefore decided that the requirements of PIC 4020(1) should not be waived: Decision Record at [17]-[19]. 17 The Tribunal found that Ms Huang (and Mr Zheng as a member of her family unit) did not satisfy PIC 4020 and therefore did not meet the secondary criteria for grant of a visa. The Tribunal affirmed the delegate's decision.

Federal Circuit Court Decision 18 The applicants applied for judicial review of the Tribunal's decision in the Federal Circuit Court by an application filed on 25 June 2014. The primary judge convened a show cause hearing pursuant to r 44.12(1)(a) of the Federal Circuit Court Rules. 19 The applicants listed three grounds in their application (as written): 1. The visa refusal is an unfair decision. 2. I should not be solely responsible for all consequences associated with providing bogus documents to the Department of Immigration. 3. The decision maker should consider all aspects of my case. 20 The primary judge determined from Ms Huang's oral submissions that there was an overlap between grounds one and two, because she explained the unfairness about which she was complaining to be a lack of proper consideration of her circumstances by the Tribunal. The primary judge was not satisfied that this was a case where the agent had perpetrated a fraud against the Tribunal so as to disable its review function. He relied on two decisions of the Full Court of this Court for the proposition that although there must be an element of fraud or deception to engage the operation of PIC 4020 it is unnecessary that the applicant was knowing or complicit in the deceptive character of the information furnished: see Trivedi v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2014) 220 FCR 169; [2014] FCAFC 42 ("Trivedi") and Patel v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2015] FCAFC 22: see Huang [19]-[21]. 21 In relation to ground three, in oral submissions Ms Huang identified that it was the contribution which she and Mr Zheng made to Australian society which was overlooked by the Tribunal. The primary judge rejected this submission because the Tribunal referred to their contributions in relation to whether it should waive the requirements of PIC 4020: see Huang [22]. The primary judge also found that the Tribunal had applied the correct law in assessing whether Ms Huang met PIC 4020: see Huang [24]-[27]. Finally, the primary judge found that it was open to the Tribunal to find on the material before it and for the reasons it gave that the requirements of PIC 4020(1) should not be waived: see Huang [28]-[29]. 22 In the result, the primary judge held that the applicants had failed to demonstrate an arguable case of jurisdictional error by the Tribunal and therefore he dismissed the application.

Application to this Court 23 The applicants filed an application for leave to appeal and a draft notice of appeal on 18 March 2015. There are two grounds listed in the application and draft notice: 1. The decision was unfair. 2. The Court failed to fully consider the circumstances of the Applicant. 24 The primary judge's judgment is interlocutory in nature: r 44.12(2) of the Federal Circuit Court Rules. Therefore, the applicant requires leave to appeal to this Court: s 24(1A), Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 (Cth). 25 Leave to appeal from an interlocutory judgment requires the applicant to show that there is sufficient doubt as to the correctness of the judgment below, and further that, if the judgment below is assumed to be wrong, substantial injustice would be suffered by the applicant if leave to appeal were refused: Décor Corporation Pty Ltd v Dart Industries Inc (1991) 33 FCR 397. 26 The Minister submitted that leave to appeal should be refused because there is no merit in the proposed grounds of appeal. 27 The applicant filed no written submissions. She provided oral submission in support of her application at the hearing, at which she appeared with the assistance of an interpreter. Ms Huang advised the Court that Mr Zheng was aware of the hearing and that she would make submissions on their behalf.

Ground 1 28 Ms Huang explained that, by this ground, she meant that PIC 4020 is unfair; that she should not be "held responsible" for a false document of whose falsity she was not aware and which she still finds hard to believe. She said that she had studied at another school and almost completed that course, but because of the expense she told Mr Chang that she would like to transfer and it is in that context that Mr Chang told her that she would need to pay fees for tuition at Evolution Systems for Training & Development but need not attend classes. 29 Ms Huang said that she could not prove the truth of her contentions because she could not discover Mr Chang's whereabouts at the time of the Tribunal hearing so that he could give evidence. She said that she did have an audio recording of their conversations and their visit to Evolution Systems for Training & Development but the Tribunal had refused to receive it. She said that her migration agent had had the audio recording transcribed by a NAATI accredited interpreter before the Tribunal hearing, but said she did not seek to submit this in evidence. 30 Ms Huang submitted that she did not raise the question of whether the Tribunal refused to receive evidence from her (being the alleged recordings) before the primary judge. She said she did not do this because of advice from lawyers that it would not be admissible but thought that it was "worth a go" before this Court. She did not submit in evidence a transcript of the Tribunal hearing in support of her claims and there is nothing in the otherwise comprehensive reasons of the Tribunal which indicates that Ms Huang sought to submit evidence of recordings. It is difficult to understand why her migration agent who appeared with her before the Tribunal would not have sought to submit a transcript of the audio recordings if the agent had such a transcript having regard to the documents referred to as being submitted before the hearing as set out in the Decision Record at [9]. 31 I am not satisfied that Ms Huang did seek to submit evidence of an audio recording at the Tribunal hearing, but nothing ultimately turns on this point. Ms Huang's submissions appear to be directed to a concern that the Tribunal did not believe her evidence that she did not know that the certificate provided to her by Mr Chang was not genuine. From my reading of the Tribunal's reasons, the Tribunal acted on the basis that it did not matter whether Ms Huang knew that the certificate was not genuine. Ms Huang accepted that the certificate was not genuine, as emerges from the Decision Record at [8]-[9]. At the Tribunal hearing, Ms Huang confirmed that the material in [8] of the Decision Record was a fair representation of what transpired during the Department's processing of her application, she apologised and said that she thought the document she gave the Department was a "true document" and only realised after getting the Department's letter that it was not: Decision Record at [10]. 32 Notwithstanding the factual matters raised by Ms Huang, I accept that the Tribunal made its decision with reference to the interpretation of PIC 4020 which the Tribunal, the primary judge and this Court are bound to apply having regard to the decisions of the Full Court cited by the primary judge in Huang at [21]; that is, although an element of fraud or deception was necessary to attract the operation of PIC 4020, it was unnecessary that Ms Huang be knowing or complicit in the deceptive character of the bogus document. I accept that the Tribunal correctly set out the law regarding PIC 4020 in the Decision Record at [7] and in the Attachment and made findings that were reasonably open to it to make on the material and evidence before it and for the reasons it gave. There is no appellable error disclosed in the primary judge's reasons in Huang at [21] and [24]-[27].

Ground 2 33 The Minister noted that ground 2 is unparticularised. 34 In her oral submissions Ms Huang submitted the Tribunal failed to consider that she was not the person who made the false document; she did not know it was false and she should not be held responsible for it. This again raises the policy of PIC 4020. In Trivedi at [43] and [49], Buchanan J pointed out that it would impose an impossible task for those administering the visa system if it were required of them to demonstrate that the applicant was knowingly complicit in the preparation of the bogus document and it is not inconsistent with coherent public policy that the applicant be ultimately responsible for purposefully untrue documents provided with a visa application. 35 This complaint was considered by the primary judge in Huang at [20] and [24]-[27]. I perceive no appellable error in his approach. 36 Ms Huang also complained that neither the Tribunal nor the primary judge accepted that the applicants' contributions through paying fees, spending money on necessities and paying tax were sufficient contributions to ground a waiver of PIC 4020 under PIC 4020(4). While those things can properly be described as economic benefits to Australia, I agree with the primary judge in Huang at [29] that it was open to the Tribunal to find on the material and evidence before it that these were not compelling circumstances that affected the interests of Australia and it is difficult to see how they could ever answer the description of compassionate or compelling circumstances that affect the interests of an Australian citizen, an Australian permanent resident or an eligible New Zealand citizen.

Conclusion 37 I have read carefully both the Decision Record and the primary judge's reasons in Huang. I agree with the Minister that the proposed grounds of appeal are without merit. The Tribunal set out the law relating to PIC 4020 correctly; found that PIC 4020(1) had not been satisfied on the evidence before it; and decided that the circumstances did not warrant waiver of PIC 4020. Those findings were open to it to make on the material before it. There is no jurisdictional error identified by the applicants or apparent on the face of the Decision Record. The applicants have not pointed out any appellable error by the primary judge nor do I perceive any in his reasoning. 38 The application should be dismissed. I will order that the applicants pay the first respondent's costs as agreed or taxed. I certify that the preceding thirty-eight (38) numbered paragraphs are a true copy of the Reasons for Judgment herein of the Honourable Justice Farrell.