SZMRS v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship

DENIAL OF PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS 15 The claim advanced before the Refugee Review Tribunal was founded in large part upon the Applicant's own asserted association and his family's asserted association with the Awami League, a Bangladeshi political party. Party supporters, it was claimed, were detained "by the ruling party". His father was said to have been an Awami League leader and the Applicant claimed that if he returned to Bangladesh he too would be pressured to get involved in politics again. Letters in support of these claims were submitted from the Awami League to the Tribunal. 16 With respect to these letters the Tribunal member "informed the applicant that the Tribunal had been informed by the Awami League at a senior level via the Australian High Commission in Bangladesh that such letters were easy for party supporters overseas to obtain". The Tribunal member explained to the Applicant during the hearing that, while "such letters may be genuine, the Tribunal put little weight on them" in reviewing protection visa decisions. 17 The case as advanced before the Federal Magistrate focussed attention upon one particular letter - a letter dated 10 June 2008. A faxed copy of this letter was received by the Tribunal after the hearing had occurred, yet six days before the date on which the Tribunal decision was signed. The original version of letter was also sent to the Tribunal prior to its decision. The letter was from the President of the Awami League and stated (without alteration, save as to information identifying individuals by name): To Whom it May Concern This is to Certify that Mr. [Father of [the Applicant]] …. is an active Political worker of Bangladesh Awamileague. At Present he is the Vice-President of Word - 04 Awamileague. At present time he is under pressur by the local community and by the law & Administration. I wish him his every Success in life. Md Alamgir Hossaian President Bangladesh Awamileague 18 In respect to this June 2008 letter the Tribunal concluded: [36] … As to the letter recently submitted purporting to attest to the applicant's father's position, I do not give it any weight. In addition to the factor discussed with the applicant at hearing about such documents generally, the one he submitted is dubious in other ways. The banner at the top has been blacked out and there are spelling mistakes within it, hardly likely in a document emanating from the office of a party President. I do not accept, therefore, that either the applicant or his father have any formal position in their party. [37] I do not accept, therefore, the applicant's claim that, if he were to return to Bangladesh, he would be pressured to re-enter political activity. Moreover, even if he were to do so for any reason at all, the country information amply canvassed with the applicant at hearing shows that there has been a very significant drop in political violence in Bangladesh since early last year and arrests of political leaders have concentrated on charges of corruption. Political leaders engaged in for example party reform activities have gone about their business unmolested. …

19 Clearly enough, the Tribunal did not give the June 2008 letter "any weight" for two reasons, namely: (i) the reason it had previously canvassed during the course of the hearing - being the ease with which Awami League supporters could obtain such letters; and (ii) the "dubious" quality of the letter provided. The reasons for decision of the Tribunal expose the importance of this June 2008 letter to the ultimate conclusion it reached. The observations of the Tribunal in respect to the letter cannot be discounted as observations in respect to a matter that assumed only marginal or passing significance. The Respondent Minister did not contend otherwise. 20 The Tribunal relevantly concluded: [37] … I do not accept that there is a real chance of the applicant suffering harm amounting to persecution in Bangladesh for reason of his family's or his political affiliations or activities. For the same reasons, I do not accept that the applicant or his family have been threatened and I do not believe the claim that a gang of thugs came to the applicant's father's house in May 2008 looking for the applicant or that they had been looking for him since November 2007. 21 Before the Federal Magistrate it was contended that the June 2008 letter provided corroborative evidence and had been rejected upon a "positive basis" which had not been put to the Applicant. In advancing this contention, reliance was placed upon the following observations of French J (as His Honour then was) in WAGU v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2003] FCA 912: [36] Corroborative evidence may be rejected as of no weight because it is dependent upon and can be shown to be undermined by findings as to the tendering party's credibility. In such a case a failure to put to the tendering party that the evidence may be so regarded cannot constitute a breach of procedural fairness. This is just a special case of the general proposition that procedural fairness does not require the decision-maker, in this case the Tribunal, to invite comment upon its thought processes on the way to its decision. But where corroborative evidence is rejected on the basis of a finding of fraud or forgery or on some other positive basis which has never been put to the tendering party there may be a failure of procedural fairness. Such a failure may have very practical effects for it means that the corroborative material is never weighed in the balance of the general assessment of the tendering party's credibility. 22 The Federal Magistrate concluded: [42] The June 2008 Letter clearly contained a spelling mistake in its last sentence and the name of the author was spelt differently in the June 2008 Letter. Whilst the Tribunal stated that it did not give the June 2008 Letter any weight and stated that the June 2008 Letter was "dubious in other ways", the Tribunal referred in particular to the blacked out banner and the spelling mistakes. Certainly, it was open to the Tribunal to have regard to the spelling mistakes in characterising the letter as "dubious". The blacked out banner, whilst forming part of the Tribunal's expression that the June 2008 Letter was "dubious", did not cause the Tribunal to find that the June 2008 Letter was a forgery. Rather, the weight given by the Tribunal to the content of the June 2008 Letter provided no support to the "genuineness" of the Applicant's claims that his father was a vice president of the local Awami League. [43] In the circumstances, I am satisfied that the consideration by the Tribunal of the June 2008 Letter did not reflect a positive finding that the document was not genuine. Rather, the June 2008 Letter was simply a document that the Tribunal did not find provided any further corroborative evidence in respect of the Applicant's claims. 23 With great respect to the learned Federal Magistrate, any conclusion as to whether or not there has been jurisdictional error by reason of a denial of procedural fairness is not to be confined to those circumstances where there has been "a positive finding that [a] document was not genuine". 24 In the present appeal there can be no doubt that the Applicant was on notice that the Tribunal "put little weight" on letters from the Awami League because "such letters were easy for party supporters overseas to obtain". So much had been canvassed with the Applicant during the course of the Tribunal hearing. Indeed, another letter in substantially similar terms and dated 15 May 2003 was before the Tribunal at the time of the hearing. But in respect to the June 2008 letter, no notice had been given as to the additional factor relied upon by the Tribunal - namely the other "dubious" qualities of the letter. 25 In the present proceeding, however, the question to be resolved did not depend upon whether the June 2008 letter was genuine or a forgery. The Tribunal accepted that "such letters may be genuine". The question to be resolved was the weight to be given to the June 2008 letter. 26 If the weight to be given to any particular document or letter is to be affected by reasons other than those previously canvassed during the hearing, it is obviously a far preferable course for those other reasons to be disclosed and an opportunity expressly provided to respond to those reasons. Once such an opportunity has been provided, it is thereafter a matter for the Tribunal alone to give to the evidence before it such weight as it sees fit (Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Wu Shan Liang (1996) 185 CLR 259 at 291 to 292 per Kirby J), consistent with its duty to undertake a hearing de novo: (SBLF v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2008] FCA 1219, 103 ALD 566 per Gray J). However, no requirement is imposed upon the Tribunal to allow an applicant an opportunity to comment upon what are essentially its own thought processes (SZBYR v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] HCA 26 at [18], 96 ALD 1 at 8, approving VAF v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FCAFC 123 at [24], 206 ALR 471 at 476 to 477 per Finn and Stone JJ; WAGU v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2003] FCA 912 per French J, as His Honour then was, at [36]; Scorgie v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 2046, 47 AAR 314. 27 But such a preferred course was not pursued by the Tribunal. It did not raise with the Applicant for his consideration those other matters which it considered gave the letter a "dubious" quality. The reason is simple. The June 2008 letter was forwarded to the Tribunal in July 2008, after the hearing had concluded. 28 Notwithstanding the absence of such an opportunity to respond to the additional concerns of the Tribunal, it is nevertheless considered that there has been no denial of procedural fairness such as to warrant the Tribunal decision being set aside. The Applicant was clearly on notice that the Tribunal had considerable reservation in respect to letters such as the ones upon which he sought to rely. The opportunity was extended to him to advance such submissions in respect to this more generally expressed concern in such manner as he saw fit and to advance such further evidence as he considered appropriate. The additional factors relied upon by the Tribunal were but further factors in support of a conclusion that letters such as the June 2008 letter were to be given little (if any) weight. A necessity to expressly raise with the Applicant the more specific concerns of the Tribunal may have arisen had the Tribunal sought to rely on those concerns for a purpose other than supporting its conclusion as to the weight to be given to the letter. Albeit arising in the context of an appeal from a decision of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, such was the concern of the Full Court in Habib v Director-General of Security [2009] FCAFC 48 at [71], 175 FCR 411 at 429 per Black CJ, Ryan and Lander JJ. 29 It is not incumbent upon the Tribunal to bring to the attention of a party before it each and every particular concern it may have in respect to a particular document such as the June 2008 letter. To do so would be to come perilously close to, if not to trespass into, a requirement that the Tribunal expose its tentative reasoning process for scrutiny prior to decision. 30 In Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZMOK [2009] FCAFC 83, Emmett, Kenny and Jacobson JJ reviewed the constraints imposed by s 422B of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) ("the 1958 Act"), being a provision contained in Part 7 Division 4 of that Act. In doing so they observed that "there was nothing in Division 4 to indicate that any of the procedural powers contained in it were to be used fairly" and that "it was possible that those powers could be used in ways that were not fair, without infringing the procedural requirements of Division 4": [2009] FCAFC 83 at [18]. Their Honours further observed: [68] While the Tribunal has a duty to raise clearly with an applicant the critical issues on which a review may depend, there is no general rule that the Tribunal cannot make a finding that a document is not genuine without specifically referring to its concerns about the document. The circumstances may be such that the Tribunal had sufficiently alerted an applicant to the doubts it had about the genuineness of all documents that the applicant had submitted. While a finding of forgery should not be lightly made, the circumstances of a particular case may be such that it would be unnecessary to afford a person affected by such a conclusion the opportunity of dealing with it. The decision of the Full Court in WACO's Case turned upon the application of well known and established principles to the particular and peculiar circumstances of that case (VAAD v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCAFC 117 at [64]). WACO's Case does not establish any new principle. Because the June 2008 letter was forwarded after the conclusion of the hearing, no opportunity thus presented itself to the Tribunal to confront the Applicant with those further concerns that emerged during the preparation of its reasons for decision, unless the Tribunal chose to convene a further hearing. But no generally expressed "unfairness" arose as a result of the manner in which the Tribunal proceeded and no jurisdictional error is exposed. 31 Considerations as to whether a document is a forgery or whether there are other reasons why a document should be given little or no weight may presently be left to one side. Of present relevance is the fact that the Applicant had been "sufficiently alerted" by the Tribunal as to its concerns in respect to documents such as the June 2008 letter. To go further and impose upon the Tribunal a requirement to alert the Applicant to each and every factor which may weigh upon the Tribunal when assessing the weight to be given to that letter would be to impose a requirement to disclose its deliberative process. 32 The opportunity guaranteed by s 425 of the 1958 Act "to give evidence and present arguments", like the content of the rules of natural justice (Habib, supra,at [77], 175 FCR at 430 per Black CJ, Ryan and Lander JJ) is to be interpreted and applied in a "practical" manner.

CONCLUSIONS 33 Although reservation is expressed as to the manner in which the learned Magistrate reached her conclusion, it is not considered that the Tribunal denied the Applicant procedural fairness. Concurrence is expressed with the conclusion as ultimately reached by the Federal Magistrate. 34 It follows that the Application for an extension of time should be granted but that the Appeal should be dismissed. There is no reason why costs should not follow the event.

ORDERS 35 The Orders of the Court are: 1. The time within which the Notice of Appeal is to be filed is extended to 23 April 2009. 2. The Appeal is dismissed. 3. The Applicant is to pay the costs of the First Respondent. I certify that the preceding thirty-five (35) numbered paragraphs are a true copy of the Reasons for Judgment herein of the Honourable Justice Flick.

Associate: Dated: 24 August 2009 The Applicant: The Applicant appeared in person

Counsel for the First Respondent: Mr H P T Bevan

Solicitor for the First Respondent: Australian Government Solicitor