Saward v J & A Saward Developments Pty Ltd

Interlocutory injunctions - legal principles 7 In determining an application for interlocutory relief, the Court addresses two main inquiries. First, whether the applicant has made out a prima facie case, in the sense that if the evidence remains as it is, there is a probability that at the trial of the action, the applicant will be held entitled to relief. Second, whether the inconvenience or injury which the applicant would be likely to suffer if an injunction were refused, outweighs or is outweighed by the injury which the respondent would suffer if the injunction were granted: Australian Broadcasting Corporation v O'Neill (2006) 227 CLR 57 at [65] (Gummow and Hayne JJ, Gleeson CJ and Crennan J agreeing at [19]). 8 The requirement of a prima facie case does not mean that the applicant must show that it is more probable than not that the applicant will succeed at trial. It is sufficient that the applicant show a sufficient likelihood of success to justify in the circumstances the preservation of the status quo pending the trial. How strong the probability needs to be, depends upon the nature of the rights the applicant asserts, and the practical consequences likely to flow from the order the applicant seeks. In that context, there is no objection to the use of the phrase "serious question" to convey the strength of the probability: O'Neill at [65] to [72] (Gummow and Hayne JJ, Gleeson CJ and Crennan J agreeing at [19]).

Serious issue 9 Section 1321 of the Corporations Act is in the following terms: (1) A person aggrieved by any act, omission or decision of: (a) a person administering a compromise, arrangement or scheme referred to in Part 5.1; or (b) a receiver, or a receiver and manager, of property of a corporation; or (c) an administrator of a company; or (ca) an administrator of a deed of company arrangement executed by a company; or (d) a liquidator or provisional liquidator of a company; may appeal to the Court in respect of the act, omission or decision and the Court may confirm, reverse or modify the act or decision, or remedy the omission, as the case may be, and make such orders and give such directions as it thinks fit. (2) Paragraph (1)(b) does not apply to a corporation that is an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander corporation. 10 Rule 14.1 of the Federal Court (Corporations) Rules ("the Rules") is also relevant in two respects. Firstly, the rule requires that the originating application state the act, omission or decision complained of. Secondly, although the court is empowered to extend time, the application must be made within 21 days after the act, omission or decision. The plaintiffs' originating application specified the act of the receivers complained of as "to offer" the properties for sale. That rather incomplete description was expanded upon in submissions as being the act of offering to sell the properties for sale at the auctions to take place today and tomorrow and the refusal of the receivers to withdraw the offer for sale of the three farm properties.

Non-compliance with rules 11 The receivers contended that the act of offering the properties for sale is merely the manifestation of the decision made by the receivers to sell the properties, a decision made on 16 February 2012. Alternatively, the receivers say that the offering of the properties for sale is a manifestation of the decision of the receivers made on 22 February 2012 to sell the properties by public auction. As the originating application was filed on 22 March 2012, the receivers contend that the plaintiffs' appeal to the Court pursuant to s 1321 is out of time. 12 The plaintiffs' response, in essence, is that they do not rely upon the initial decision but rely on the continuing act or acts involved in putting the decision into effect. 13 I would not deny the interlocutory relief sought on the basis of this contention of the receivers. As I intend to deny interlocutory relief to the plaintiffs for other reasons, it is not necessary that I explain why I consider that there is a serious issue that the appeal is not out of time. I will proceed on the basis that the act or acts complained of is the receivers' conduct in giving effect to their decision to sell the properties by auction in the manner earlier outlined and their refusal to reverse their decision in relation to the farm properties.

Does Section 1321 apply to the properties held by the Plaintiffs? 14 The receivers contended that s 1321 can only be applicable to "a receiver or a receiver and manager of property of a corporation" and can have no application to the properties held by the plaintiffs. Of the twenty-three properties, only five are held by Saward Developments. Those properties are: Three Mile Line Road, Mooreville; 23 Barnard Crescent, Shorewell Park; Unit 6, 107 to 111 Mooreville Road, Shorewell Park; Lot 4, Andrew Street, Strahan; and Gafney Street East, Strahan. 15 The plaintiffs contended that the Court's power pursuant to s 1321 extended to the properties of the plaintiffs because they were being sold together with the properties of the corporation. That contention is not seriously arguable. Each of the properties is to be sold separately at a separate auction. The fact that a series of coordinated auctions is to take place in the context of two separate and distinct receiverships does not confer upon the Court jurisdiction over a receivership that it would otherwise not have.

Is the Receivers' Conduct Unreasonable? 16 The plaintiffs relied upon the following observations made by French J in Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Forestview Nominees Proprietary Limited (Receivers and Managers Appointed) [2006] FCA 1530 at [45]: I would not set the threshold required under s 1321 in respect of the discretionary decisions of private receivers and managers so high that it is necessary to show that there has been something akin to unreasonableness in the sense necessary to vitiate the exercise of a statutory power under administrative law. It is sufficient to say that at the very least the person bringing an appeal under s 1321 in these circumstances must demonstrate that the decision is informed by some error of law or significant factual error or is otherwise so unreasonable, in the circumstances, that it should not be allowed to stand. The content of those somewhat ambulatory considerations will be informed by the significance of the decision to the affairs of the company. 17 Other authorities upon which the receivers relied may be said to take a narrower view of the Court's capacity to intervene than that which is propounded by French : see Re Equity Funds of Australia (In Liquidation) (1976) 2 ACLR 238 at 239 (Bowen CJ); Acer Computer Australia Pty Ltd v Carter (No. 2) [2007] FCA 1943 at [42] (Graham J). Without deciding, I am inclined to agree with the more expansive formulation of French J. I will proceed on that basis, as applying that more favourable basis to the plaintiffs' position, does not alter my ultimate conclusion. 18 By reference to the observations of French J, the plaintiffs contended that the evidence demonstrated that the impugned conduct of the receivers was "so unreasonable in the circumstances that it should not be allowed to stand". Reliance was also placed on the concluding observations of French J that the considerations will be informed by the significance of the conduct to the affairs of the corporation affected. No reliance was made upon any other of the grounds that French J identified. The alleged unreasonableness was directed at two aspects of the receivers' conduct, although there was some overlap between the two. Firstly, the alleged unreasonableness was directed at what was said to be the 'fire sale' manner in which the properties are to be sold. Secondly, the alleged unreasonableness was directed at the receivers' insistence on selling the farm properties and, in particular, the Three Mile Line property in circumstances where funds from the other sales will likely be sufficient to meet the outstanding debts. 19 In support of its criticism of the way the properties are to be sold, the plaintiffs relied upon the evidence of an experienced real estate agent from Burnie, Mr Michael Dunn. Mr Dunn's opinion was that a staggered release of the properties over a period of time may achieve a better result for the vendors than selling the properties at the one time. In his view the small property markets involved may be saturated by the auctioning of many properties at the one time. He suggested that a below market result of some 10 to 30 per cent may be expected if the properties are sold in the manner intended. 20 Mr David Russell is the real estate agent engaged to affect the sales. Unlike Mr Dunn, he has extensive familiarity with the properties in question. Mr Russell recommended to the receivers that the properties in Strahan be sold at auction at the same time and at a central location. He also made the same recommendation in relation to the properties in and around Burnie. His opinion is that to do so creates interest in the market, attracts all potential buyers to the one location and creates the best opportunity for competition. He is not concerned about saturation of the markets as there are, in each case, a number of distinct markets involved. Some of the properties are farms, others are investment properties or development properties and yet others will appeal to the residential market. The plaintiffs have contended that Mr Dunn's evidence ought to be preferred over that of Mr Russell and invited me to find a serious question to be tried on that basis. I declined to do so. 21 It is not for the Court to come to a view as to the best method of sale. The onus rests with the plaintiffs to demonstrate a prima facie case of unreasonableness of such depth that it is likely that at trial the intended conduct will be halted. At the very least, that would require the plaintiffs to demonstrate that the receivers' decision to adopt Mr Russell's recommendations was unreasonable. In a field involving a high level of speculation, opinions will differ and the adoption of one expert opinion in preference to another could rarely be described as unreasonable. There is no evidence before me upon which I could be satisfied, even on a serious question basis, that Mr Russell's opinion is unreasonable, let alone that its adoption by the receivers could be so described. 22 In support of the second allegation of unreasonableness, the plaintiffs rely upon valuations of the properties either made or accepted by the NAB when funding was provided by the NAB to the plaintiffs or to Saward Developments. Based on a list of those valuations, the plaintiffs contend that it is unnecessary for the farm properties to be sold or, at least, for the Three Mile Line property to be sold, because the other properties will realise sufficient funds to meet the outstanding debts. 23 The uncontested evidence of the receivers is that the outstanding debts to the NAB total $6,434,726. The receivers' decision to sell all of the properties is based upon opinions in relation to the current market value of the properties obtained from real estate agents and a certified practising valuer, Mr Jones. Mr Jones has valued the current market value of the properties as in a range between $4,700,000 and $5,900,000. Taking into account the likely selling costs, the receivers say that the sale of all the properties will likely result in a significant shortfall. 24 Further, the evidence of the receivers is that they have considered the list of valuations upon which the plaintiffs rely. One property on that list is not the subject of the auctions as it was sold some time ago. Another was burned and no longer holds the value it did at the time it was valued. But more fundamentally, the valuations relied upon are said to be stale. Many of the valuations are over four years old. The valuation of the Three Mile Line property, the most significant of the properties in question and valued at $1,095,000 is nearly two and a half years old. That evidence, the receivers rightly contend, is to be seen in the context of evidence from Mr Dunn that property prices are under extreme pressure in a downward trend. 25 I am not satisfied that a prima facie case of unreasonableness is made out. The receivers' view that the sale of all the properties will be necessary in order to recoup the outstanding debts is cogent and well supported by the material considered by them. It is not possible to say that in arriving at that view, the receivers acted unreasonably. Even if there had been evidence before me, which there was not, that demonstrated that the Three Mile Line property was of particular importance to the affairs of Saward Developments, I would not have reached a different conclusion that, in the circumstances, the plaintiffs have failed to demonstrate a prima facie case of unreasonableness of the kind that French J had in mind in Forestview Nominees.

Disposition 26 I should say that there was one further argument raised by the receivers based on the proposition that s 1321 does not apply to a receiver appointed under a real property mortgage. In the circumstances, it is not necessary that I consider that argument. 27 I am not satisfied that a prima facie case or serious issue to be tried has been demonstrated by the plaintiffs. In those circumstances, I need not consider the balance of convenience. 28 The Court will make the following orders: 1. The plaintiffs' interlocutory application be dismissed. 2. The costs of the second, third and fourth defendants be paid by the plaintiffs on a party-party basis. I certify that the preceding twenty-eight (28) numbered paragraphs are a true copy of the Reasons for Judgment herein of the Honourable Justice Bromberg.