Request 1: Please identify each person alleged to be a group member referred to in [2] of the statement of claim
17 In determining whether or not Ms Meaden is required to disclose to Bell the identify of the other group members, who together with Ms Meaden make up the 'Claimants' as defined in [5] of the statement of claim, Bell submitted that the Court should have regard to ss 37M and 37N of the FCA, which make it incumbent upon the parties to conduct themselves consistently with the overarching purpose of facilitating the just resolution of the dispute as quickly, inexpensively and efficiently as possible. That overarching purpose is mirrored in Practice Note CM 17 which applies to representative proceedings in the Court. In particular para 1.2(b) of CM 17 indicates that its purpose is to 'facilitate the efficient and expeditious conduct of representative proceedings, in particular by ensuring that the issues that are in contest are exposed at an early date'.
18 Further, according to Bell, paras 6.1-6.3 of CM 17 proceed on the assumption that the respondent will know the identity of group members and whether they are represented by Ms Meaden's solicitors.
19 The manner in which Ms Meaden has defined the group was, Bell submitted, significant in this case. The group was, upon the commencement of proceedings on 6 October 2010, a closed class. Furthermore, given that one of the elements which a group member had to satisfy in order to fall within the definition of the group was that 'at the commencement of this proceeding' the relevant group member had entered into, inter alia, 'a retainer agreement with Slater & Gordon Lawyers Limited', there can be no question that as and from 6 October 2010, the identity of each and every group member has been known to Ms Meaden and her solicitors, Slater & Gordon. Thus, there is no scope for there to be 'essentially passive' group members, a feature of other representative proceedings.
20 Bell points out that the definition of 'Claimants' is a central definition that is used through the statement of claim. All of the pivotal allegations against Bell are not made vis-à-vis Ms Meaden alone, but are made by reference to the 'Claimants':
(1) at [5], where it is alleged that Bell agreed to supply financial services to each Claimant;
(2) at [6] that each Claimant was either:
(a) a consumer within the meaning of section 12ED(1) of the ASIC Act; and
(b) a retail client within the meaning of Part 7.7 of the Corporations Act.
(3) at [9] and [10], where it is alleged that by entering into specific relationships with each claimant Bell came to owe fiduciary obligations to each Claimant;
(4) at [14], it is alleged that Bell made representations to each of the Claimants, and that those representations were 'partly in writing and partly oral';
(5) those representations are essential building blocks to the other representational cases pleaded, see for example [15];
(6) at [20] it is alleged that Bell took no or no adequate steps to disclose to 'the Claimants' various matters;
(7) at [24] it is alleged that Bell impliedly represented to each Claimant certain matters;
(8) at [41] to [44] there are allegations of causation, loss and damage for each Claimant;
(9) at [45] there is an allegation Bell did not take any or any adequate step to warn the Claimants;
(10) at [46] there is an allegation Bell did not exercise due care and skill providing services to the Claimants;
(11) at [48] somewhat inconsistently there is an allegation that 'the Applicant and each of the group members suffered loss and damage';
(12) at [49] there is an allegation Bell took no or no adequate step to inform each Claimant;
(13) at [50] there is an allegation that 'in respect of each Claimant' Bell acted in the position of conflict of interest;
(14) at [52] there is an allegation that 'in respect of each Claimant' Bell 'profited' and 'breached its fiduciary obligations to each Claimant';
(15) at [55] there is an allegation Bell was required to give certain disclosures to each Claimant; and
(16) at [57] there is again an allegation that 'the Applicant and some or all of the group members suffered loss or damage'.
21 It is plain that the allegations as pleaded pertain not only to Ms Meaden, but to the individual circumstances of each and every Claimant. According to Bell, it will be impossible for it to plead to any of these allegations, pertaining as they do to the individual circumstances of each Claimant, without knowing and being able to investigate its dealings with each of those Claimants. The only alternative will be for Bell to plead in relation to the individual circumstances of Ms Meaden, and not admit the allegations insofar as they concern the balance of the Claimants. That will of necessity needlessly put in issue matters which might otherwise not be in issue. The inexpensive and quick resolution of the proceeding would dictate that the sensible and indeed necessary course is for Ms Meaden to disclose what must of necessity be known to her, ie the identity of the other Claimants.
22 Senior counsel for Bell referred to Williams v FAI Home Security Pty Ltd [1999] FCA 1771 (FAI (No 1)) where Goldberg J required the applicants in that case to give particulars in relation to those group members then known to the applicants in relation to representations upon which they relied. His Honour said at [18]:
'I consider that it is important for the respondents to know at an early stage what is the extent of the representations made against them. I accept that further down the track there will be a need when the opt-out period is closed and where the group has probably expanded, for further particulars to be given. Nevertheless I consider it appropriate at this time for the respondents to be as fully informed as they can be from the information available to the applicants what are the matters in respect of which the representations have been made.'
23 In a later judgment, Williams v FAI Home Security Pty Ltd (No 2) [2000] FCA 726 at [33], his Honour released the respondent's solicitors from undertakings as to confidentiality that had previously been given to enable them to obtain instructions from the respondents in relation to the allegations made. His Honour concluded that he did not consider that there was any disadvantage or detriment to the applicants in supplying the names of the group members to the respondents so that they could give proper consideration to the allegations involved in the conduct of the distributors.
24 Counsel for Ms Meaden referred to s 33H of the FCA which provides:
'(1) An application commencing a representative proceeding, or a document filed in support of such an application, must, in addition to any other matters required to be included:
(a) describe or otherwise identify the group members to whom the proceeding relates; and
(b) specify the nature of the claims made on behalf of the group members and the relief claimed; and
(c) specify the questions of law or fact common to the claims of the group members.
(2) In describing or otherwise identifying group members for the purposes of subsection (1), it is not necessary to name, or specify the number of, the group members.'
Certainly that section does not require the group members to whom the proceeding relates to be identified by name in the application; in other words, absence of such identification in the application would provide no ground for strike out. On the other hand, the section provides little or no assistance to the determination of the question whether such particulars should be provided where the class is closed at the commencement of the proceeding and members of the class are, by definition, known to the applicant and his or her solicitors.
25 Bell submitted that Ms Meaden's submissions in [14] and [15] above, namely, that to order particulars would be 'contrary to authority' do not withstand even cursory scrutiny. According to Bell:
(1) They are contrary to FAI (No 1);
(2) They are contrary to what Jacobson J would have ordered, presumably after full argument, in Peter Hanne & Associates Pty Ltd v Village Life Ltd [2008] FCA 719 at [15] and [57];
(3) They are contrary to what occurred in Weimann v Allphones Retail Pty Ltd (No 3) [2009] FCA 1292 at [24], although the reasons for that order do not appear to be available. (Each of those proceedings concerned a class of group members defined by having entered into a litigation funding agreement: see Peter Hanne at [3] and Weimann v Allphones Retail Pty Ltd [2009] FCA 673 at [34].)
Most importantly, according to Bell, none of the authorities cited by Ms Meaden demonstrate that it is in fact contrary to authority to provide particulars of the group members. What the cases cited by Ms Meaden, particularly Thomas v Powercor Australia, demonstrate is that in some cases the passivity of the group members' role might justify limiting the amount of involvement they have.
26 I agree with Bell's submissions. Ms Meaden's submissions fail to take into account the facts that (1) all of the group members have, prior to the commencement of the proceeding, elected to opt-in and subjected themselves to the rights and obligations of the Funding Agreement and (2) the statement of claim is pleaded by reference to allegations extending to each and every Claimant.
27 Finally, there is (unsurprisingly in light of the definition of the group and the way in which the pleading has been drawn) no evidence that answering the request will be oppressive. To the contrary, it is the most efficient way, in accordance with ss 37M and 37N, to advance the resolution of the justifiable controversy. The fact that there may be some ulterior motive attending Bell's request for such group members to be identified by name (see [13] above), does not detract from the conclusion that the provision of such particulars is required to allow Bell to properly plead its case in defence and to do so in the most efficient way to advance the resolution of the controversy between the parties.