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[2011] FCA 1466
Federal Court of Australia
2011-12-12
Dowsett J
Original judgment source is linked above.
Number of paragraphs: 24
Counsel for the Applicant: Mr D Rangiah SC with Mr T McAvoy and Ms N Kidson
Solicitor for the Applicant: Queensland South Native Title Services
Solicitor for the First Respondent: Ms K Stride of Crown Law
Solicitor for the Second Respondent: Mr D Fredericks of Australian Government Solicitor
Counsel for the Third, Fourth, Fifth, Seventh and Eighth Respondents: The Third, Fourth, Fifth, Seventh and Eighth Respondents did not appear
Solicitor for the Sixth Respondent: Mr A Kerr of Preston Law
Counsel for the Ninth Respondent: The Ninth Respondent did not appear
Counsel for the Tenth and Thirteenth Respondents: The Tenth and Thirteenth Respondents did not appear
Counsel for the Eleventh Respondent: The Eleventh Respondent did not appear
Counsel for the Twelfth Respondent: The Twelfth Respondent did not appear
Solicitor for the Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Seventeenth Respondents: Mr B Zillmann of Allens Arthur Robinson
Counsel for the Sixteenth Respondent: The Sixteenth Respondent did not appear
Counsel for the Eighteenth Respondent to Forty-Second Respondent: The Eighteenth Respondent to Forty-Second Respondent did not appear
IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA QUEENSLAND DISTRICT REGISTRY GENERAL DIVISION QUD 579 of 2005
BETWEEN: WILLIAM DOYLE, DOUG BRUCE, SONNY CONDREN, CONNIE CRAIGIE, NOELENE DEMPSEY, PATRICIA KYLE, HAZEL MUNRO, ILONA PARTER AND SUE SAMARDIN JR ON BEHALF OF THE KALKADOON PEOPLE #4
XSTRATA COPPER EXPLORATION PTY LTD (FORMERLY MIM EXPLORATION PTY LTD)
JUDGE: DOWSETT J DATE OF ORDER: 12 DECEMBER 2011 WHERE MADE: MOUNT ISA
BEING SATISFIED that a determination in the terms sought by the parties is within the power of the Court, and it appearing appropriate to the Court to do so, pursuant to s 87 of the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) BY CONSENT THE COURT DETERMINES THAT:
Then south easterly to the western bank of Dismal Creek at Latitude 19.212076° South; then generally southerly along western banks of that creek to a southern boundary of Lot 3 on LS18 (Boomarra Pastoral Holding); then easterly, southerly and again easterly along southern boundaries of that lot to Longitude 140.486681° East; then generally northerly and generally easterly, passing through the following coordinate points. Longitude Latitude (East) (South) 140.486537 19.658189 140.488014 19.646205 140.491905 19.632938 140.498140 19.624837 140.504968 19.615119 140.508028 19.604275 140.510017 19.595741 140.510535 19.585375 140.507432 19.576416 140.501532 19.566323 140.494924 19.558423 140.487952 19.550295 140.483884 19.541686 140.481495 19.531109 140.478539 19.525026 140.478008 19.519388 140.480893 19.516721 140.488035 19.516213 140.489222 19.513326 140.487747 19.510688 140.487701 19.505161 140.490333 19.501344 140.495415 19.500734 140.498442 19.500714 140.505528 19.493643 140.509223 19.486479 140.514843 19.478035 140.525191 19.470250 140.534452 19.462932 140.544789 19.454224 140.555278 19.449084 140.566487 19.443362 140.576372 19.438456 140.587378 19.437339 140.594858 19.437979 140.597614 19.440014 140.600371 19.441934 140.602706 19.443792 140.605108 19.445021 140.607699 19.445735 140.610229 19.446448 140.612882 19.446934 140.615475 19.447419 140.618009 19.447788 140.620844 19.448218 140.623199 19.448471 140.625674 19.448667 140.628028 19.448920 140.630926 19.449236 140.633274 19.449947 140.635742 19.450717 140.639526 19.452538 140.645247 19.454595 140.648189 19.456230 140.650712 19.457516 140.653227 19.459662 140.658265 19.462923 140.660899 19.465184 140.663340 19.468362 140.665974 19.470566 140.668782 19.473460 140.670869 19.475889 140.672715 19.478315 140.674376 19.481083 140.676101 19.483507 140.678302 19.486625 140.679969 19.488877 140.681696 19.491130 140.683604 19.493442 140.686229 19.496448 140.688978 19.499284 140.691492 19.501487 140.694660 19.504671 140.697652 19.507337 140.700776 19.509087 140.704327 19.510554 140.706854 19.511610 140.709199 19.512779 140.710890 19.513025 140.713903 19.514487 140.719028 19.516829 140.724766 19.518315 140.729893 19.520370 140.734118 19.521842 140.738640 19.523892 140.742254 19.525933 140.746173 19.527689 140.750401 19.528875 140.755540 19.529782 140.767412 19.535816 140.775412 19.537388 140.782905 19.534958 140.788076 19.531230 140.791077 19.528557 140.819161 19.526708 140.825546 19.523314 140.830971 19.521607 140.840385 19.520946 140.848896 19.519134 140.854635 19.512277 140.862131 19.509471 140.873278 19.508420 140.882043 19.503436 140.890993 19.502464 140.899946 19.503433 140.907696 19.503363 140.913977 19.501810 140.918805 19.500269 140.922296 19.498280 140.926874 19.496166 140.933034 19.494613 140.939936 19.494550 140.946015 19.493713 140.950321 19.492402 140.953398 19.490069 140.957397 19.486278 140.960474 19.482341
Then north easterly to the intersection of the centrelines of Dugald River and Cloncurry River; then generally southerly passing through the following coordinate points. Longitude Latitude (East) (South) 140.966776 19.494301 140.967850 19.507573 140.963527 19.524846 140.957355 19.536187 140.950189 19.545465 140.944116 19.554963 140.933422 19.563006 140.922761 19.574157 140.915343 19.582861 140.907333 19.592950 140.900271 19.601074 140.892975 19.610005 140.886138 19.616744 140.878490 19.626945 140.867456 19.637866 140.857388 19.648777 140.849490 19.658518 140.841729 19.669984 140.836755 19.681311 140.832988 19.692167 140.831761 19.702540 140.831154 19.714175 140.826547 19.726074 140.821826 19.738665 140.817935 19.749521 140.814378 19.757496 140.807046 19.764121 140.802780 19.774059 140.797782 19.783658 140.795200 19.792315 140.794236 19.804873 140.792495 19.812718 140.787260 19.823009 140.783932 19.830060 140.783387 19.836052 140.783728 19.845836 140.785123 19.851812 140.787754 19.859965 140.789650 19.867433 140.790951 19.876058 140.790455 19.887001 140.788232 19.895309 140.785500 19.901319 140.784220 19.906856 140.782838 19.914352 140.781568 19.920810 140.780536 19.926921 140.780103 19.932221 140.776893 19.939041 140.774270 19.943898 140.769590 19.949578 140.766496 19.955936 140.766574 19.963765 140.767492 19.970551 140.768646 19.976644 140.770790 19.984571 140.774605 19.989491 140.777547 19.992114 140.778686 19.996710 140.778553 19.998437 140.773780 20.004764 140.771007 20.009026 140.767388 20.014441 140.763896 20.020891 140.762361 20.029173 140.763248 20.035609 140.763538 20.043886 140.763586 20.052393 140.762059 20.062285 140.757967 20.070231 140.753379 20.076798 140.746745 20.087511 140.742409 20.095917 140.738313 20.103517 140.732275 20.112272 140.726606 20.122061 140.722387 20.129662 140.718654 20.137490 140.713956 20.146586 140.711807 20.154755 140.711735 20.164297 140.710825 20.176601 140.710391 20.186604 140.708235 20.193623 140.706943 20.202709 140.704786 20.209498 140.702877 20.217091 140.699155 20.227564 140.694820 20.237118 140.690475 20.245177 140.686990 20.254269 140.683502 20.263131 140.680751 20.273370 140.676780 20.283267 140.670725 20.290641 140.663094 20.299973 140.659590 20.306075 140.656711 20.315509 140.654081 20.325977 140.651455 20.337135 140.648580 20.347834 140.644729 20.358305 140.641244 20.368545 140.637018 20.377178 140.632316 20.388340 140.627352 20.395710 140.621041 20.402162 140.613987 20.406202 140.605713 20.410015 140.598536 20.413824 140.591965 20.417172 140.585278 20.421440 140.576882 20.425711 140.570435 20.429518 140.563747 20.434015 140.559006 20.437818 140.555612 20.442653 140.552225 20.449442 140.550297 20.455079 140.547888 20.462326 140.547062 20.469225 140.546119 20.477044 140.545785 20.484517 140.545816 20.492104 140.544991 20.499003 140.543308 20.505329 140.541010 20.510047 140.537487 20.513962 140.533508 20.518238 140.524736 20.527164 140.517048 20.532281 140.504845 20.540420 140.495085 20.547853 140.487398 20.553431 140.478856 20.559588 140.471781 20.565736 140.463483 20.572121 140.454084 20.578973 140.446881 20.583854 140.438452 20.588510 140.428065 20.593291 140.418778 20.597375 140.408991 20.599040 140.399576 20.601971 140.391385 20.605240 140.386994 20.609988 140.387382 20.616786 140.390458 20.621956 140.391695 20.626098 140.388766 20.628879 140.385835 20.631199 140.387562 20.635224 140.388310 20.639830 140.386977 20.643986 140.384413 20.646534 140.378668 20.649560 140.373541 20.654542 140.369515 20.659287 140.363391 20.658628 140.356531 20.657740 140.347962 20.658128 140.342460 20.661151 140.335249 20.665796
Then south westerly to Latitude 20.666138° South along a line drawn to Longitude 140.327171° East, Latitude 20.667448; then generally south westerly and generally south easterly passing through the following coordinate points. Longitude Latitude (East) (South) 140.323780 20.671449 140.321341 20.673026 140.321924 20.674610 140.322647 20.676078 140.322947 20.677194 140.323120 20.683573 140.324084 20.686020 140.297906 20.719172 140.296556 20.721133 140.296227 20.721896 140.295725 20.723028 140.294679 20.724912 140.293355 20.726872 140.292482 20.727740 140.290667 20.730036 140.293074 20.732525 140.293223 20.733648 140.295868 20.735942 140.297246 20.737409
Then south easterly to a point, at Latitude 20.754238° South, on a line drawn between Longitude 140.333703° East, Latitude 20.752092° South and Longitude 140.334581° East and Latitude 20.761457° South; then generally southerly, generally south westerly, generally south easterly, generally easterly, generally southerly passing through the following coordinate points. Longitude Latitude (East) (South) 140.334581 20.761457 140.339849 20.768482 140.339557 20.779311 140.332240 20.788676 140.317440 20.799248 140.314610 20.805370 140.324338 20.812383 140.331070 20.817651 140.334289 20.827894 140.334582 20.838138 140.341606 20.843114 140.340142 20.851016 140.331069 20.858040 140.331069 20.864771 140.331655 20.874430 140.332825 20.888185 140.336045 20.895210 140.336045 20.913356 140.331070 20.922721 140.323168 20.928867 140.321997 20.936769 140.314490 20.947003 140.310686 20.955781 140.318587 20.956074 140.326195 20.957829 140.330584 20.959292 140.334973 20.963973 140.336143 20.969826 140.336729 20.974507 140.339087 20.975608 140.342460 20.974904 140.344922 20.971874 140.350774 20.972459 140.354870 20.978311 140.354578 20.985041 140.355748 20.989138 140.356918 20.992356 140.360137 20.994990 140.363648 20.996746 140.368769 21.009255 140.374182 21.012546 140.378864 21.014960 140.382522 21.014522 140.385740 21.016277 140.386911 21.018764 140.387496 21.023739 140.385594 21.028128 140.382083 21.030761 140.379742 21.032517 140.377254 21.033980 140.372339 21.034926 140.372083 21.035528 140.369624 21.036245 140.369197 21.036245 140.367562 21.037164 140.366199 21.038551 140.363405 21.041982 140.361802 21.044473 140.361620 21.045725 140.361596 21.047515 140.362436 21.048373 140.355407 21.056079 140.355072 21.056093 140.355945 21.063760 140.356008 21.070241 140.359195 21.086708 140.357495 21.107533 140.363870 21.106682 140.365570 21.113056 140.363658 21.118581 140.363445 21.129632 140.371732 21.126443 140.388519 21.138768 140.392344 21.162142 140.405943 21.171491 140.422304 21.174359 140.451415 21.195502 140.469264 21.217813 140.461190 21.229501 140.475426 21.250324 140.467777 21.258186 140.477333 21.270070 140.480502 21.273170 140.515739 21.268744 140.648069 21.268105 140.649375 21.271868 140.657228 21.287259 140.668536 21.296683 140.677960 21.295112 140.692712 21.291874 140.702757 21.307432 140.712932 21.328722 140.714351 21.351498 140.716609 21.376725 140.716246 21.401911 140.715894 21.426286 140.715519 21.452287 140.709057 21.475753 140.698136 21.504838 140.682941 21.526538 140.670414 21.545029 140.657225 21.561082 140.655257 21.563477
Then south westerly to a point on southern bank of Maggies Creek at Longitude 140.636188° East; then generally north westerly, along southern banks of that creek to a northern boundary of Lot 5364 on PH1891 (Starcross Pastoral Holding); then westerly along that northern boundary to the eastern boundary of Lot 13 on SP150177 (Chatsworth Pastoral Holding); then northerly and generally westerly along boundaries of that lot and northern boundaries of Lot 2949 on SP223508 (Pilgrim Term Lease) to the south western corner of Lot 69 on SP223507 (Devoncourt Term lease) and the eastern boundary of Lot 22 on SP223509 (Trekelano Pastoral Holding); then generally northerly, generally north easterly, generally westerly and generally southerly along boundaries of that lot to the north eastern corner of Lot 24 on D5989; then generally westerly and generally southerly along boundaries of Lot 342 on PH1337 (Bushy Park Pastoral Holding) to an eastern boundary of Lot 7 on CW67 (Ashover Pastoral Holding); then generally south easterly along south western boundaries of Lot 79 on USL 703 to the southernmost corner of that lot and onwards to a western boundary of again Lot 22 on SP223509 (Trekelano Pastoral Holding); then generally south westerly along western boundaries of that lot to the northernmost north western corner of Lot 14 on CW52; then generally south westerly, generally north westerly, southerly and easterly along boundaries of that lot to an eastern bank of Wills Creek; then generally southerly along eastern banks of that creek to the northern boundary of Lot 2999 on PH1926 (Buckingham Downs Pastoral Lease); then easterly and generally southerly along northern and eastern boundaries of that lot to Latitude 22.097375° South; then generally south westerly, generally north westerly and easterly passing through the following coordinate points. Longitude Latitude (East) (South) 139.842535 22.106118 139.811343 22.116162 139.791381 22.120024 139.781874 22.121963 139.774024 22.122613 139.772244 22.122913 139.771234 22.122743 139.770914 22.122113 139.770064 22.120303 139.769704 22.119743 139.768890 22.119158 139.768786 22.116734 139.768562 22.111532 139.757004 22.090981 139.741592 22.071070 139.712686 22.044735 139.697913 22.028678 139.692780 22.013265 139.689080 21.991406 139.687262 21.983845 139.686663 21.976824 139.687286 21.969263 139.692801 21.956301 139.695264 21.943340 139.698945 21.931459 139.698358 21.917417 139.691054 21.905536 139.688018 21.896355 139.687422 21.887714 139.684389 21.876372 139.677694 21.865031 139.677707 21.856390 139.676498 21.849369 139.666735 21.848829 139.661248 21.845049 139.661262 21.836948 139.658221 21.829927 139.637488 21.819127 139.627723 21.819127 139.615514 21.820207 139.607591 21.813186 139.595406 21.800225 139.578953 21.784563 139.569919 21.767009 139.563757 21.744255 139.562809 21.730982 139.559965 21.713917 139.556173 21.698274 139.555225 21.691164 139.556173 21.687372 139.558068 21.658456 139.559016 21.648501 139.553802 21.641866 139.541951 21.630963 139.536737 21.621008 139.532471 21.610580 139.530575 21.596359 139.531049 21.587826 139.531523 21.574554 139.533419 21.563177 139.523465 21.544690 139.522043 21.532839 139.520147 21.520040 139.521568 21.505819 139.526308 21.494443 139.526783 21.484014 139.527731 21.477852 139.528205 21.469319 139.526309 21.463631 139.522042 21.448462 139.518724 21.435663 139.519672 21.426657 139.522043 21.418598 139.523465 21.410066 139.525834 21.395371 139.526308 21.387786 139.523464 21.375936 139.520620 21.370721 139.520146 21.363611 139.522042 21.356026 139.523464 21.346546 139.524887 21.341332 139.523939 21.329481 139.524413 21.317156 139.518724 21.298195 139.512088 21.291084 139.503081 21.286345 139.495971 21.276390 139.495497 21.267858 139.497867 21.255533 139.497867 21.250319 139.507347 21.241786 139.520620 21.234202 139.536737 21.228987 139.542900 21.227091 139.550958 21.225195 139.563757 21.224247 139.570868 21.221403 139.575607 21.217610 139.578925 21.202916 139.581296 21.186799 139.584140 21.168786 139.581770 21.143662 139.581770 21.128019 139.577030 21.119486 139.569920 21.111902 139.562809 21.104792 139.557121 21.102422 139.552854 21.101948 139.546218 21.096260 139.540530 21.086779 139.536737 21.081565 139.536264 21.073980 139.539108 21.066870 139.544322 21.062130 139.547166 21.057864 139.551906 21.055493 139.556646 21.052649 139.559964 21.047909 139.561861 21.042695 139.562834 21.033858 139.560743 21.032069 139.558469 21.030059 139.556867 21.028209 139.555708 21.025739 139.554472 21.024179 139.551527 21.023669 139.549818 21.023500 139.548887 21.022168 139.548399 21.020499 139.548277 21.018479 139.547163 21.015889 139.545927 21.013228 139.545316 21.009889 139.545850 21.008159 139.546461 21.006370 139.541761 21.001678 139.535665 21.000434 139.528756 20.999183 139.521442 21.001129 139.515348 21.004284 139.511689 21.000257 139.508842 20.995036 139.499900 20.990170 139.494212 20.991328 139.492991 20.986920 139.492988 20.980920 139.489328 20.974893 139.479575 20.973621 139.471855 20.976764 139.461811 20.984346 139.448400 20.987196 139.438645 20.990853 139.427673 20.992079 139.416296 20.990466 139.409391 20.983173 139.401674 20.973042 139.400053 20.962906 139.399649 20.953174 139.401279 20.942630 139.404941 20.930868 139.406569 20.925595 139.408603 20.919511 139.409417 20.916267 139.409545 20.912100 139.408660 20.909340 139.408889 20.906860 139.408553 20.903919 139.407546 20.901850 139.405272 20.900431 139.402800 20.899010 139.400405 20.897820 139.397704 20.896629 139.395293 20.895029 139.392943 20.892811 139.389586 20.886601 139.390227 20.884461 139.391677 20.882601 139.393981 20.879990 139.396163 20.877840 139.397856 20.876209 139.398513 20.874121 139.399092 20.871870 139.399871 20.870020 139.400893 20.868740 139.402236 20.867569 139.402144 20.865440 139.401580 20.863140 139.400817 20.860260 139.400420 20.857781 139.399062 20.856470 139.397460 20.855221 139.395537 20.853729 139.393752 20.851959 139.393416 20.849251 139.393569 20.846310 139.393782 20.843941 139.394439 20.841860 139.395140 20.839260 139.395354 20.836201 139.393996 20.834940 139.392348 20.834669 139.390929 20.833700 139.389693 20.831690 139.385997 20.828434 139.376516 20.824641 139.368458 20.819901 139.362295 20.815636 139.355659 20.812791 139.349022 20.807103 139.347600 20.800467 139.349497 20.790512 139.345704 20.782453 139.338594 20.775343 139.330535 20.771077 139.326269 20.768706 139.322951 20.762544 139.321055 20.757804 139.316315 20.754012 139.313470 20.752589 139.310626 20.754486 139.304938 20.754485 139.300672 20.751404 139.298775 20.743583 139.296168 20.732443 139.292478 20.719638 139.285372 20.709570 139.277673 20.703056 139.273528 20.695358 139.269975 20.687659 139.266422 20.685291 139.258724 20.686476 139.252209 20.684699 139.245695 20.677001 139.237997 20.672263 139.229114 20.669302 139.219047 20.670487 139.206611 20.671079 139.192399 20.668118 139.181148 20.661604 139.159829 20.648575 139.148578 20.639693 139.153315 20.629626 139.153315 20.614821 139.163382 20.607123 139.180555 20.598240 139.179371 20.586988 139.170488 20.577513 139.159829 20.568631 139.153907 20.557380 139.157460 20.543168 139.163382 20.524810 139.158053 20.517112 139.142063 20.508229 139.141404 20.507986 139.136323 20.498954 139.136041 20.494720 139.137452 20.487381 139.124914 20.487323
Then easterly to the centreline of Mingera Creek at Latitude 20.487323° South; then generally north easterly passing through following coordinate points. Longitude Latitude (East) (South) 139.055119 20.459883 139.071614 20.431308
Then south easterly to the intersection of the centrelines of Mingera Creek and Wilfred Creek at Latitude 20.433154° South; then generally north easterly along the centreline of Wilfred Creek to the northern boundary of Lot 2324 on SP162422 (Meltham Pastoral Holding); then north westerly and westerly along northern boundaries of that lot to the south eastern corner of Lot 6 on SP162423 (Yelvertoft Lands Lease); then generally northerly along eastern boundaries of that lot to the southern boundary Lot 5 on CP865892 (Calton Hills Pastoral Holding); then generally westerly, northerly and easterly along boundaries of that lot to Longitude 139.014863° East; then generally north easterly and generally north westerly passing through the following coordinate points. Longitude Latitude (East) (South) 139.007990 19.805005 139.007777 19.799144 139.009440 19.795215 139.010951 19.792335 139.013423 19.790016 139.016566 19.788736 139.019175 19.787685 139.022196 19.786174 139.024546 19.783346 139.025065 19.780115 139.026377 19.776374 139.029032 19.774455 139.032008 19.773864 139.035410 19.774474 139.038813 19.775155 139.042750 19.773115 139.044261 19.771615 139.046609 19.768895 139.048837 19.767154 139.050409 19.765825 139.051858 19.764665 139.054330 19.762346 139.055948 19.759235 139.058588 19.755016 139.060174 19.756215 139.061944 19.757064 139.064310 19.757406 139.067941 19.754905 139.069925 19.752364 139.070749 19.749715 139.072061 19.745216 139.072580 19.742685 139.073480 19.739854 139.074853 19.737544 139.076105 19.734605 139.076578 19.732074 139.079294 19.730905 139.080804 19.727796 139.082712 19.724325 139.083368 19.721734 139.084009 19.718795 139.084894 19.715104 139.085535 19.711074 139.085870 19.706186 139.085336 19.700204 139.085732 19.695316 139.087288 19.693345 139.089333 19.690284 139.090523 19.687805 139.091835 19.683536 139.092247 19.681236 139.092965 19.679675 139.094704 19.678344 139.097313 19.677526 139.100945 19.676465 139.105126 19.676385 139.107430 19.675504 139.109490 19.674856 139.112511 19.673635 139.114617 19.670345 139.114891 19.666314 139.114617 19.662055 139.114815 19.655555 139.115578 19.652444 139.118050 19.649955 139.122582 19.649005 139.125679 19.648984 139.129052 19.646316 139.133660 19.644624 139.137840 19.645225 139.141654 19.643766 139.145164 19.643575 139.149238 19.644124 139.154579 19.644145 139.160026 19.644164 139.162940 19.643745 139.164390 19.642354 139.166465 19.636535 139.168449 19.633754 139.171455 19.631095 139.174842 19.629115 139.177970 19.625816 139.180625 19.623386 139.183555 19.618986 139.186134 19.614715 139.190330 19.609044 139.193763 19.605344 139.198584 19.600826 139.202368 19.596654 139.205908 19.592485 139.208792 19.588615 139.211966 19.584455 139.215277 19.580633 139.216025 19.575155 139.215689 19.571935 139.216391 19.567504 139.217566 19.563526 139.218695 19.560005 139.219336 19.556606 139.218954 19.554944 139.217841 19.551444 139.215872 19.547885 139.212622 19.543535 139.208594 19.539705 139.204993 19.536796 139.200720 19.533374 139.194937 19.530015 139.180014 19.520274 139.181974 19.508266 139.186746 19.500767 139.190836 19.484407 139.189627 19.473908 139.170385 19.460547 139.163806 19.455796 139.153035 19.447936 139.141391 19.443278 139.133698 19.441776 139.122824 19.441456 139.111631 19.441777 139.100437 19.440497 139.097558 19.434101 139.101396 19.430903 139.109712 19.430903 139.111950 19.430583 139.113869 19.426105 139.113870 19.409795 139.114189 19.399240 139.110991 19.395083 139.106834 19.391565 139.103316 19.386447 139.097879 19.383249
Then north westerly to a southern bank of Coppermine Creek at Longitude 139.087265° East, Latitude 19.378847° South; then generally northerly along eastern banks of Coppermine Creek to its headwaters at Longitude 139.181983°, Latitude 19.313789° South; then northerly to the headwaters of Fiery Creek at Longitude 139.181483°, Latitude 19.308038° South; then generally northerly along eastern banks of that creek back to the commencement point. Note: Reference Data and Source: Native Title Determination Application boundary data compiled by National Native Title Tribunal Topographic vector data is © Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2003. Cadastral data and tenure information sourced from Department of Environment & Resource Management, Qld (September 2010). Rivers and creeks data is based on, where available, cadastral data or 1:100 000/1:250 000 sourced from Department of Environment & Resource Management, Qld (July 2002). Reference Datum Geographical coordinates have been provided by the NNTT Geospatial Unit and are referenced to the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94), in decimal degrees and are based on the spatial reference data acquired from the various custodians at the time. Use of Coordinates Where coordinates are used within the description to represent cadastral or topographical boundaries or the intersection with such, they are intended as a guide only. As an outcome to the custodians of cadastral and topographic data continuously recalculating the geographic position of their data based on improved survey and data maintenance procedures, it is not possible to accurately define such a position other than by detailed ground survey. Prepared by Geospatial Services, National Native Title Tribunal (24 November 2010) Map 5A - External Boundary SCHEDULE 5B - Determination Maps SCHEDULE 6 - Other interests in the Determination Area The following interests current at the date of this determination:
BETWEEN: WILLIAM DOYLE, DOUG BRUCE, SONNY CONDREN, CONNIE CRAIGIE, NOELENE DEMPSEY, PATRICIA KYLE, HAZEL MUNRO, ILONA PARTER AND SUE SAMARDIN JR ON BEHALF OF THE KALKADOON PEOPLE #4
XSTRATA COPPER EXPLORATION PTY LTD (FORMERLY MIM EXPLORATION PTY LTD)
JUDGE: DOWSETT J DATE: 12 DECEMBER 2011 PLACE: MOUNT ISA
REASONS FOR JUDGMENT 1 On 30 May 1995 the Kalkadoon people lodged a claim to Native Title pursuant to the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) (the "Act"). Six further claims were filed. Following a research project commissioned by the Carpentaria Land Council the current claim, known as Kalkadoon #4, was filed on 22 December 2005. The Kalkadoon #5 claim was filed on 13 January 2006. 2 Kalkadoon #4 and #5 claims were accepted for registration on 4 September 2006 and 11 December 2006 respectively. On 28 March 2007 both claims were notified in accordance with the Act. On 8 December 2010 the Court ordered that the Kalkadoon #4 and #5 claims be combined. The remaining respondents to the combined claim are the State of Queensland, the Commonwealth of Australia, the Boulia, Bourke, Carpentaria, Cloncurry and McKinlay Shire Councils, the Mt Isa City Council, Ergon Energy Corporation Limited, Telstra Corporation Limited, CS Energy Mica Creek Pty Ltd, Michael McKeon, MMG Australia Limited, Mt Isa Mines Limited, Noranda Pacific Pty Ltd, Roverton Pty Ltd, Xstrata Copper Exploration Pty Ltd (formerly MIM Exploration Pty Ltd) and a large number of pastoralists. 3 The combined claim covers an area of about 38,720 square kilometres. It includes low lying plains in the north, north east and southern sections; the Cloncurry Ranges in the mountainous centre; the City of Mt Isa; the townships of Gunpowder, Kajabbi, Quamby, Mary Kathleen and Duchess; branches and tributaries of the Leichhardt River; the south western headwaters of the Cloncurry River; and the middle and upper reaches and tributaries of the Georgina River. 4 The parties to these proceedings have been involved in long and complex negotiations concerning the terms of this proposed consent determination. On 5 October 2009, the Court ordered that the matter be set down for trial, and that mediation in the Tribunal cease. Since that time, the case has been in intensive case-management under the supervision of court staff. As a result, the parties have reached final agreement pursuant to Part 4 Division 1C of the Act. The agreement was filed in the Court on 6 December 2011. Where, at any time after notification, the parties agree upon the orders to be made in relation to such proceedings, the Court may make orders without holding a full hearing, provided that it is satisfied that the proposed orders are within its power, and that it is appropriate that they be made. This Court resolves disputes between parties, which disputes are identified by the parties. Only disputes so identified fall for resolution by the Court. When parties make admissions or concessions, the issues in dispute are narrowed. In some cases, the Court may decline to act on such admissions or concessions. Where, as here, the proceedings have significance for people other than the parties, I must give careful consideration to the appropriateness of the proposed consent orders. Further, the agreement reached between the parties must be freely made, on an informed basis, by all parties. I accept that the State and all other parties, after consideration of the available evidence and archival material, support the orders sought by the applicant. The parties have provided extensive expert and non-expert evidence in support of the claim. I have also been assisted by written submissions filed by the applicant. 5 Sixteen Kalkadoon claimants, ranging in age from 50 to 78 years, and drawn from six different descent groups, have provided affidavit evidence attesting to the continued acknowledgement and observance of traditional laws and customs by the Kalkadoon people. The deponents display a detailed knowledge of their lines of descent and their respective relationships to the claim area. The deponents are: Richard Percy; Thelma Sullivan; Alec Sullivan; Pat Donovan; Hazel Munro; Judy Sam; Lawrence "Sonny" Condren; Doug Bruce; Dawn Sam; Cornelia Craigie; Clive Sam; Cecil Moonlight; Ron Nemo; Noleen Dempsey; Keith Percy; and James Watts Taylor. 6 The affidavits contain valuable evidence which supports the asserted exercise of continuing native title rights and interests by the claim group. They also contain comprehensive descriptions of traditional law and customs, dreaming stories, spiritual matters, language and significant sites, as well as detail concerning the methods of transmission of such knowledge. 7 Dr Gavin Breen has studied the Kalkatungu language since 1967. He considers that it is not closely related to any other language, a fact which re-inforces the perception of the claim group as a discrete group or nation. Historians Dr Jonathan Richards and Dr Roslyn Kidd have provided reports which detail the history of European contact with the Kalkadoon people. The first European contact was probably with the Burke and Wills party which entered the claim area in 1861. S.E. Pearson, writing in 1948, recorded that he had spoken to Kalkadoon people who recalled seeing that party. Wills recorded evidence of indigenous presence in the claim area, but the party saw few people. In 1861 and 1862 search parties looking for Burke and Wills, encountered many aboriginal groups. 8 George Sutherland brought sheep into the area in 1864, finding a substantial aboriginal settlement and evidence of fishing by line and net. He established the "Rocklands" station. Initially, there was little hostility between European settlers and the indigenous population, but this situation was not to continue. In 1864, William Campbell established a station at Clifton. He experienced at least one raid upon his camp and saw evidence of savage retribution visited upon the indigenous people as punishment for similar raids. In 1866, Ernest Henry commenced to explore the area. In 1867, with the assistance of aboriginal people, he found a copper oxide deposit. Thus the indigenous people contributed to the establishment of Queensland's present wealth. They also played an important role in establishing the grazing industry in north-west Queensland. By 1868, many sheep stations had been established in the area. As early as the 1870s, the local indigenous people were identified by European settlers as Kalkadoon. 9 The influx of European settlers led to increased hostility between them and the Kalkadoon people. Curiously, Ernest Henry continued to have good relations with indigenous people, suggesting that the hostility was not directed against all European interlopers. Henry was, himself, to be attacked, but he refused to permit retaliation. Hostilities seem to have commenced in about 1881. The settlers sought to resolve the problem by driving the Kalkadoon out of their traditional homeland. By the mid-1890s, aboriginal people in the north-west, including the Kalkadoon, were suffering severely from the effects of such displacement, leading to the introduction of protective legislation in 1897. Pursuant to that legislation, Dr Walter Roth was appointed Northern Protector of Aboriginal People. His writing is frequently cited in Native Title cases. Curiously, he seems to have foreseen the Native Title process as we now know it. In 1900, he wrote, in opposition to the practice of driving aboriginal people off leasehold runs: These runs are held only on grazing rights - the right to the grass - and can only be upheld as against people taking stock, &c., through them. It certainly is illegal for station-managers, &c., to use physical force and threats to turn blacks (or Europeans) so travelling off such lands. Carrying the present practice (might against right) to a logical conclusion, it would simply mean that, were all the land in the north to be thus leased, all the blacks would be hunted into the sea. 10 Roth also observed: In their day the Kalkadoons formed the most warlike and desperate of the tribes that the early pioneers had to contend with. 11 There is much additional material concerning the history of the Kalkadoon through the 20th century. Dr Kevin Mayo has prepared detailed genealogies of the descent groups from the apical ancestors and other Kalkadoon ancestors. Mr Peter Blackwood has prepared a three volume connection report as well as a supplementary report, addressing specific issues relating to the succession of the Kalkadoon people to lands of neighbouring groups. Mr Blackwood acknowledges the benefit of extensive earlier research carried out by anthropologists such as Dr Lee Sackett, Dr Paul Memmott and Dr Sandra Pannell. The State of Queensland has obtained a report from Professor Peter Sutton. It is in evidence. The anthropological evidence demonstrates that the Kalkadoon people lawfully hold rights and interests in the claim area in accordance with traditional laws and customs, including areas which were occupied by neighbouring groups at the assertion of British sovereignty. 12 I infer from the evidence that the Kalkadoon occupied much of the claim area at the time of first European contact in 1861, and that they similarly occupied that area in 1788. They have also succeeded earlier occupiers in other areas. The evidence demonstrates continued association with the claim area since 1861. Despite the sad consequences of European settlement, the Kalkadoon have continued to observe traditional laws and customs in their relationship with the claim area. 13 Dr Mayo's genealogies clearly identify descent groups, tracing their ancestry from first contact with European settlement in the claim area to the present time. The claim group is described as all of those persons who are descended from the following ancestors: Lardie Roberts (aka Lardie Moonlight); Dolly Prosser; Kitty Frogg; Annie Whip (mother of Martin Connelly (Snr)); Ida (aka Ada) Elston; Leichardt Toby; Rosie Waddibungera (mother of George Thorpe); Willy Malcolm; Nancy Daniels; Fanny (Nellie) McLennan; Nellie and Jimmy (parents of Topsy Harry, Annie Sam and Jack Kippen); Maggie Sautelle; Daisy Barton (nee McLean); Mundi MacDonald (aka King Mundie); Charlie Caldwell (Snr); Carbine; Jimmy Rolleston and Louisa Muni (parents of Bessie Mowbray); Gypsy Reid (aka Gypsy Ryan); Nellie Monkira; Polly Wilson (nee Hopkins) Marajundu; Jack Elston; Jessie Frogg (Snr); Polly Alroy (aka Polly George); Nobie Clay; Spider; Maryann (mother of Annie Reid and Eva Patterson); Sophie MacDonald; Julie (mother of Eulie and Lizzie Hickson); and Bessie Ah Fat. 14 That part of the determination area which is identified in schedule 2 to the proposed orders, is unallocated State land. The parties agree that Native Title rights and interests (other than in relation to water) in that area are the rights to possession, occupation, use and enjoyment to the exclusion of all others, subject to paras 5, 6 and 7 of the proposed orders. The nature and extent of native title rights and interests in that part of the determination area identified in schedule 3 (the "Area") (other than in relation to water) are, subject to paras 5, 6 and 7 of the proposed orders, the non-exclusive rights to: (i) be present on, including by accessing, traversing and Camping on, the Area; (ii) take (including by hunting), use, share and exchange Traditional Natural Resources from the Area for personal, domestic and non-commercial communal purposes; (iii) conduct cultural and spiritual activities and ceremonies on the Area; (iv) be buried and to bury native title holders in the ground, within the Area; (v) maintain places of importance and areas of significance to the native title holders under their traditional laws and customs and protect those places and areas, by lawful means, from physical harm; (vi) teach on the Area the physical and spiritual attributes of the Area; and (vii) hold meetings on the Area. 15 I do not doubt the appropriateness of the parties' identification of the issues or their consensual resolution of them. They have had the benefit of legal advice and substantial anthropological and other research. The proceedings have been on foot for a long time and have been publicised in accordance with the Act. The proposed orders have been drafted with regard to the public interest, represented by the Commonwealth, the State and the local authorities. I thank and congratulate all of the parties. The level of co-operation over the last two or three years has been remarkable, evidencing real respect for the Native Title process and the Kalkadoon people. 16 I should say a little more about such co-operation. It is only in recent years that we have been able to bring Native Title cases in north Queensland to the point at which consent determinations are possible. Recent determinations, and some which will occur in the near future, have reached that point only through the efforts of many people. The parties, particularly claim groups, miners, pastoralists and local authorities have played a large part by their pragmatic and co-operative approaches. 17 Those responsible for Native Title matters within the Queensland government have also played a key role through their constructive and timely participation in the process. 18 Curiously, it has fallen to a body known as the Queensland South Native Title Services Aboriginal Corporation to conduct Native Title cases in north-west Queensland. Their lawyers, past and present, both in-house and in private practice, have done sterling work. I mention in particular Mr Colin Hardie whose willingness to have this matter listed for trial did much to bring about its resolution today. I acknowledge too the efforts made by the National Native Title Tribunal, particularly in the earlier stages of processing of the application. 19 Finally, I wish to acknowledge the efforts of our Native Title registrar in Queensland, Ms Chris Fewings. Her efforts have also contributed significantly to today's determination. Her family is from this part of the world. Her satisfaction at the outcome rivals that of the Kalkadoon people, themselves.
ORDERS AND DETERMINATION 20 For the purposes of s 94A of the Act I find that the Kalkadoon people are descended from a society of aboriginal people who were in occupation of the land and waters of the determination area at the time of first assertion of British sovereignty. Those people formed a society, united in and by their acknowledgement and observance of traditional laws and customs. Through the observance of these traditional laws and customs, the Kalkadoon people have maintained a connection with the claim area. The proposed orders recognise that the Kalkadoon people, as holders of Native Title in that area, are entitled to the exclusive use and enjoyment of the area identified in schedule 2 of the orders and the non-exclusive use and enjoyment of the area described in schedule 3. The orders recognise, at schedule 6, other interests in the claim area and the relationships of those interests to the Native Title interests. Pursuant to order 12(b) the Kalkadoon Native Title Aboriginal Corporation (ICN7639) is to be the prescribed body corporate for the purposes of s 57(2) of the Act and is to perform the functions set out in s 57(3). I am satisfied that it is within the power of the Court to make the orders sought, and that such orders may properly be made without a full hearing of the application. 21 Mount Isa and its mines are important Queensland icons. The grazing industry here is also very much part of the Queensland story. As the evidence demonstrates, the Kalkadoon have played a significant role in the development of both industries and, as a result, of this city. Indeed, the Kalkadoon people are, themselves, an important part of the same Queensland story. The evidence demonstrates that they were willing to fight to defend their country and culture, just as other peoples have done for thousands of years all over the world. Their efforts to achieve recognition of their traditional ownership have not been unopposed. Very many problems have been overcome in order to permit me to make the orders which I am about to make. The Kalkadoon have borne the adverse consequences of the clash of cultures which inevitably accompanies mass migration, of which the European settlement of Australia is a typical example. The recognition of Kalkadoon traditional ownership of this land goes only a small way towards the recognition of their suffering since 1861. 22 I do not come here today to give anything to the Kalkadoon people. I come on behalf of the Australian people to recognize their traditional ownership of this land in a way which will bind all people and for all time. My order binds the Commonwealth of Australia, the State of Queensland, the Mt Isa City Council and the Boulia, Bourke, Carpentaria, Cloncurry and McKinlay Shire Councils, together with all other people and companies. 23 I now make orders in terms of the draft which I initial and place with the papers. 24 On behalf of all Australians, I congratulate the Kalkadoon people upon this recognition of their traditional rights. Particularly, I congratulate you on behalf of the Judges of this Court and our staff. We all wish you well for the future and express our determination that your contribution to our history, and the price which you have paid for our prosperity, will not be forgotten. We look forward to sharing the future with you. I certify that the preceding twenty-four (24) numbered paragraphs are a true copy of the Reasons for Judgment herein of the Honourable Justice Dowsett.
Doyle on behalf of the Kalkadoon People #4
State of Queensland