Amirbeaggi and Anor v Matrix Group Co Pty Limited

Decision on Application for Indemnity Costs

Costs are in the discretion of the Court: s.98(1)(a) Civil Procedure Act 2005. The Court has full power to determine by whom, to whom and to what extent costs are to be paid: s.98(1)(b). The usual rule is that costs follow the event: Rule 42.1 Uniform Civil Procedure Rules 2005 ("UCPR").
The successful party in litigation ordinarily is entitled to an award of costs in its favour: Oshlack v Richmond River Council (1998) 193 CLR 72; [1998] HCA 11 at [67]. This discretion is to be exercised judicially in accordance with established principles and factors directly connected with the litigation: Oshlack v Richmond River Council at [65].
The power to order indemnity costs is found in s.98(1)(c) Civil Procedure Act 2005 and Rules 42.1, 42.4 UCPR.
Costs are to be assessed on the ordinary basis unless the Court orders otherwise: Rule 42.2 UCPR. Departure from the usual practice of costs on the ordinary basis is discretionary. Beyond the need for a sufficient special or unusual feature in the case, no fixed rule can be laid down: Harrison v Schipp [2001] NSWCA 13 at [139].
An order for indemnity costs may be appropriate where the case involves some relevant delinquency on the part of the unsuccessful party: Oshlack v Richmond River Council at [44]. In this context, some "relevant delinquency" does not mean moral delinquency or some ethical shortcoming, but delinquency bearing a relevant relation to the conduct of the case: White Constructions (ACT) Pty Limited (in liquidation) v White and Ors [2004] NSWSC 303 at [10]-[11].
It has been said that it is necessary to demonstrate some delinquency or unreasonableness on the part of the unsuccessful party: Rosniak v Government Insurance Office (1997) 41 NSWLR 608 at 616. The need for unreasonableness is an underlying feature of an indemnity costs order: Leichhardt Municipal Council v Green [2004] NSWCA 341 at [51], [57]. The power to order costs on an indemnity basis may arise in different circumstances, including the manner in which a litigant has conducted proceedings.
Self-evidently, to contest and lose litigation does not of itself expose the losing party to an order for costs on an indemnity basis: Chaina v Alvaro Homes Pty Limited at [113].
In Amirbeaggi (No. 1), I determined the proceedings in a manner which was clearly and emphatically adverse to the Appellants. The judgment under appeal was in the sum of $60,253.02: Amirbeaggi (No. 1) at [7].
The Court determined that the issues sought to be ventilated on appeal had not been squarely raised at first instance in the Local Court. Further, the Court had regard to the fact that the Appellants had already commenced separate proceedings against the Respondent in the District Court in which the same issues which were sought to be litigated in the Supreme Court appeal were to be argued and determined. Regard was had, as well, to ss.56 and 60 Civil Procedure Act 2005.
To assist an understanding of the magnitude of the Appellants' failure in the present appeal, it is appropriate to set out what was said in Amirbeaggi (No. 1) at [70]-[80]: "70 I am not satisfied that it is appropriate to grant leave to appeal in this matter for a number of reasons. 71 Firstly, I am not persuaded that the arguments sought to be put in this Court were in fact advanced in the Local Court so that it can be submitted here that the learned Magistrate has, in some way, erred in law in the approach adopted in determining the stay application. 72 It is sufficiently clear from the record of the Local Court proceedings that the s.94 issue was raised by the Appellants in support of an argument that the Respondent was insolvent and without insurance cover. I am not satisfied, however, that a submission was put that there was non-compliance with s.94 so that this aspect itself constituted a foundation for a stay of enforcement of the Local Court judgment. 73 In any event, there was a live issue before the Local Court concerning the later contract of insurance for the purpose of s.94(3) HB Act. As is clear from her Honour's judgment (at [52]-[53] set out at [63] above), reference was made to these aspects in the context of any protection which the Appellants may obtain from the Respondent's insurance cover. This was, in truth, the way in which the Appellants sought to agitate this issue in the Local Court. The submission related to the central argument as to whether the Respondent was insolvent or at risk of insolvency. 74 Secondly, the Appellants did not seek judicial review of the adjudication certificate, nor was there any application to set aside the Local Court judgment (if that course was open to them). The Appellants sought a stay of enforcement of the Local Court judgment which led to a protracted and costly hearing in the Local Court in which they failed. 75 Nevertheless, it remains open to the Appellants to agitate the proper construction of ss.92 and 94 HB Act in the District Court proceedings which are still on foot. As the learned Magistrate observed (at [58] of her judgment at [67] above), the purpose of the adjudication certificate procedure in s.25 SOP Act is to allow for prompt payment to a builder, but with the rights of other affected parties being preserved so that it is open to the Appellants to seek to recover the sum which they have paid (pursuant to the Local Court judgment) in the District Court proceedings which are yet to be heard. Her Honour's understanding of the purpose of the adjudication certificate procedure was correct: TFM Epping Land [[2020] NSWCA 118] at [22]-[25]. [78]-[86]. An essential aspect of the regime for progress claims under the SOP Act is that the rights created under it are enforceable as if there had been a final determination by a court, save only for the fact that they do not create a res judicata or any issue estoppels: TFM Epping Land at [78]. 76 Thirdly, in these circumstances, there is simply no useful purpose to be served by this Court granting leave to appeal for the purpose of considering the proper construction of provisions of the HB Act, especially where the Magistrate was not asked to deal squarely with these issues, nor was her Honour assisted by submissions concerning the construction of the provisions. 77 To the extent that the Appellants submit that the issues raised in this litigation may warrant this Court construing ss.92 and 94 HB Act as a matter of general importance, it is sufficient to note that the Appellants will have an opportunity to ask the presiding Judge at the District Court hearing to consider these questions, with the prospect of possible later consideration by the Court of Appeal if the occasion arose. 78 It is not for this Court to provide a type of advisory opinion by reference to issues not truly litigated at first instance in the Local Court, in particular where the challenge was interlocutory in nature. 79 Finally, the approach of the Appellants in bringing separate but related proceedings in the District Court (for damages) and in this Court (by way of the present appeal) does not sit comfortably with their duty to facilitate the just, quick and cheap resolution of the real issues in dispute: s.56 Civil Procedure Act 2005. Added to this, is a legitimate concern about the proper use of Court resources and the proportionality of costs being expended in proceedings arising out of the dispute between the Appellants and the Respondent: s.60 Civil Procedure Act 2005 (see [52]-[53] above). 80 The interests of justice going beyond those that arise between the parties do not warrant the grant of leave to appeal in this case: Schwartz at [47]."
I have kept in mind that a party's failure in litigation does not of itself expose that party to an order for costs on an indemnity basis: Chaina v Alvaro Homes Pty Ltd at [113]. It is necessary that unreasonableness be demonstrated on the part of the party against whom an indemnity costs order is sought. Whether unreasonableness is demonstrated requires examination of the particular facts of the case.
In the present case, the Respondent registered an adjudication certificate under s.25 Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 1999 and obtained judgment against the Appellants in the Local Court for the amount contained in the adjudication certificate. Thereafter, the Appellants engaged in what became protracted and costly litigation in the Local Court seeking a stay of the judgment obtained following registration of the adjudication certificate. At the same time, the Appellants commenced proceedings in the District Court against the Respondent seeking damages including recovery of the sum which was the subject of the adjudication certificate.
Having failed to obtain a stay in the Local Court, the Appellants then sought to appeal to this Court under the Local Court Act 2007 in circumstances where their application for leave to appeal was significantly flawed and failed for a number of reasons explained in the extract from Amirbeaggi (No. 1) set out earlier at [30].
I am satisfied that the Appellants advanced completely unmeritorious arguments in this Court in circumstances which did not sit comfortably with their obligations under s.56 Civil Procedure Act 2005 and the requirement for proportionality of costs under s.60 of that Act. The bringing of an unmeritorious appeal by the Appellants has wasted Court time and diminished the resources of the Respondent in a way which attracts application of the statement of Tobias JA in Bon Appetit (see [6] above). Further, the fact that the First Appellant is a legal practitioner is relevant in circumstances where he was not entirely dependent upon legal advice provided by his legal representatives concerning the bringing of this appeal.
I have considered the Appellants' submission that some other costs order should be made whereby the costs of the Supreme Court proceedings would be costs in the presently unresolved District Court proceedings. I do not accept that this is a proper approach to resolution of the costs issue in the Supreme Court proceedings.
Firstly, an order has already been made that the Appellants pay the Respondent's costs of the proceedings, with the only outstanding issue being the question of whether a special costs order should be made in favour of the Respondent. Secondly, the relevant "event" for the purpose of the costs ordering power is the appeal sought to be brought by the Appellants to this Court under the Local Court Act 2007. It is appropriate that costs follow the event in these proceedings with the only outstanding question being whether the costs to be paid by the Appellants to the Respondent are calculated on the ordinary basis or an indemnity basis.
It is not appropriate, in my view, to attach the costs resolution of the Appellants' unmeritorious and wasteful appeal to this Court to the presently unresolved District Court proceedings. The Respondent is entitled to recover its costs without delay arising from the completed Supreme Court proceedings.
Applying the principles referred to at [21]-[27] above, the Respondent has demonstrated a proper basis for the Court to depart from the usual practice of costs being calculated on the ordinary basis. I am satisfied that an order for costs on an indemnity basis is appropriate in the circumstances of this case.

At a glance

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Before

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Judgment (7 paragraphs)

Parties

Cases Cited (11)

Cited By (1)