The Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Regulation 2012 sets the practical rules—prescribed forms, time limits, courts/registries, notices and filing procedures—for operating the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010. It affects parties in Australia–New Zealand civil proceedings (plaintiffs, defendants served in NZ, witnesses and those registering NZ judgments in Australia). It matters because it standardises cross‑border procedure and costs (e.g. witness expense advances, filing requirements) and fixes currency conversion and service methods, reducing uncertainty but imposing administrative steps.
This regulation implements procedural and administrative details required by the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 (the Act). It prescribes forms, lists of Australian courts and tribunals for particular Act functions, procedural requirements for service in New Zealand, procedures for stay applications and remote appearances, the mechanism for subpoenas served in New Zealand, and practical rules for registration and enforcement in Australia of New Zealand judgments. The regulation’s legal effect is to supply the granular, operational content the Act refers to by cross‑reference: for example, it prescribes the notice that must accompany an initiating document served in NZ (Form 1, s 5), the form for requesting a hearing of a stay application (Form 2, s 6), and the form that must accompany a subpoena served in NZ (Form 4, s 10).
Mechanically, the regulation (a) defines shorthand used in the regulation (s 3), (b) fixes the forms that must be used or may be used for key Act processes (s 4 and Schedules/Forms 1-6), (c) prescribes which Australian courts and tribunals are authorised to perform particular Act roles (ss 8-14), (d) sets rules on registration of NZ judgments including the form and filing logistics (s 17), (e) defines which NZ statutory offences qualify as regulatory regime criminal fines for the Act’s purposes (s 15), and (f) fixes the rate of exchange applicable to conversion of NZ currency amounts (s 18). The regulation also prescribes which NZ judgments are excluded from the simplified registration regime (s 16), and the methods by which a liable person must be given notice of registration of an NZ judgment in Australia (s 19).
The regulation therefore takes the Act’s framework and converts it into actionable items: named forms, enumerated lists of courts and tribunals for particular powers, specified registries where documents or things may be received (s 11), deadlines and service methods embedded in the forms (Forms 1, 4 and 6), and an administrative exchange‑rate rule (s 18). It also sets particular procedural protections for persons served in New Zealand , for example, the notice content required when serving initiating documents (Form 1, s 5) and the statutory notice that must accompany subpoenas served in NZ (Form 4, s 10). These operational prescriptions determine who must do what, where, and within which timeframes, and thereby shape compliance costs and logistical planning for cross‑jurisdictional litigation under the Act.
Current sections
Direct links to the current provisions in Trans-Tasman Proceedings Regulation 2012.
31
Part 1
Preliminary
Part 1—Preliminary
1
Name of regulation
1 Name of regulation
This regulation is the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Regulation 2012.
3
Definitions
3 Definitions
Note: A number of expressions used in this regulation are defined in the Act, including the following:
(a) liable person;
(b) plaintiff.
In this regulation:
Act means the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010.
Cth is short for ‘Commonwealth of Australia’.
NZ is short for ‘New Zealand’.
registrable NZ judgment has the meaning given by section 66 of the Act.
4
Forms
4 Forms
A reference in a provision of this regulation to a form by number is a reference to the form of that number in Schedule 1.
Note: A form must be completed in accordance with any directions specified in the form, but the directions may be omitted from the completed document.
Part 2
Service in NZ of initiating document
Part 2—Service in NZ of initiating document
5
Information to be given to defendant
5 Information to be given to defendant
For subsection 11(1) of the Act, an initiating document served in NZ under section 9 of the Act must contain or be accompanied by a notice in accordance with Form 1.
Part 3
Application to stay proceeding on forum grounds
Part 3—Application to stay proceeding on forum grounds
6
Request for hearing of stay application
6 Request for hearing of stay application
A request by a person mentioned in paragraph 18(2)(a), (b) or (c) of the Act for a hearing to determine an application made under section 17 of the Act may be made in accordance with Form 2.
7
Request for remote appearance
7 Request for remote appearance
A request by a defendant under paragraph 18(4)(b) of the Act to appear remotely in a hearing may be made in accordance with Form 3.
Part 4
Australian courts granting interim relief
Part 4—Australian courts granting interim relief
8
Australian courts to which application for interim relief may be made
8 Australian courts to which application for interim relief may be made
For paragraph 25(d) of the Act, the following Australian courts are prescribed:
(a) Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2);
(b) County Court (Victoria);
(c) Magistrates’ Court of Victoria;
(d) District Court of Queensland;
(e) Magistrates Courts (Queensland);
(f) The District Court of Western Australia;
(g) Magistrates Court (Western Australia);
(h) Family Court of Western Australia;
(i) Magistrates Court (Australian Capital Territory);
(j) Local Court (Northern Territory).
Part 5
Subpoenas
Part 5—Subpoenas
9
Australian courts and tribunals to which Division 2 of Part 5 of the Act applies
9 Australian courts and tribunals to which Division 2 of Part 5 of the Act applies
(1) For paragraph 29(1)(b) of the Act, the following State and Territory courts are prescribed:
(a) Supreme Court of New South Wales;
(b) District Court of New South Wales;
(c) Local Court of New South Wales;
(d) Children’s Court of New South Wales;
(e) Dust Diseases Tribunal of New South Wales;
(f) Supreme Court of the State of Victoria;
(g) County Court (Victoria);
(h) Magistrates’ Court of Victoria;
(i) Supreme Court of Queensland;
(j) District Court of Queensland;
(k) Magistrates Courts (Queensland);
(l) Planning and Environment Court (Queensland);
(m) Land Court (Queensland);
(n) Childrens Court of Queensland;
(o) Industrial Court of Queensland;
(p) Supreme Court of Western Australia;
(q) The District Court of Western Australia;
(r) Magistrates Court of Western Australia;
(s) Family Court of Western Australia;
(t) Supreme Court of South Australia;
(u) District Court of South Australia;
(v) Magistrates Court of South Australia;
(w) Supreme Court of Tasmania;
(x) Magistrates Court (Civil Division) (Tasmania);
(y) Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory;
(z) Magistrates Court (Australian Capital Territory);
(za) Supreme Court of the Northern Territory of Australia;
(zb) Local Court (Northern Territory);
(zc) Court of Summary Jurisdiction (Northern Territory);
(zd) Youth Justice Court (Northern Territory);
(ze) Work Health Court (Northern Territory).
(2) For paragraph 29(1)(c) of the Act, the following Australian tribunals are prescribed:
(a) Administrative Review Tribunal (Commonwealth);
(b) Trans‑Tasman IP Attorneys Disciplinary Tribunal (Commonwealth).
10
Notice to accompany subpoena
10 Notice to accompany subpoena
For paragraph 32(2)(b) of the Act, Form 4 is prescribed.
11
Receipt of documents and things required by subpoena
11 Receipt of documents and things required by subpoena
(1) For paragraph 44(1)(b) of the Act, the following State and Territory courts are prescribed, and for subsection 44(2) of the Act, each registry of those courts is specified:
(a) Supreme Court of New South Wales;
(b) Local Court of New South Wales;
(c) Children’s Court of New South Wales;
(d) Dust Diseases Tribunal of New South Wales;
(e) Supreme Court of the State of Victoria;
(f) Country Court (Victoria);
(g) Supreme Court of Queensland;
(h) Supreme Court of Western Australia;
(i) The District Court of Western Australia;
(j) Magistrates Court of Western Australia;
(k) Family Court of Western Australia;
(l) Supreme Court of South Australia.
(2) In addition, the following courts are prescribed, and the registries mentioned for those courts are specified:
(a) Launceston and Burnie registries of the Supreme Court of Tasmania;
(b) Darwin and Alice Springs registries of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory of Australia;
(c) Darwin, Alice Springs, Katherine, Tennant Creek and Nhulunbuy registries of the Local Court (Northern Territory);
(d) Darwin, Alice Springs, Katherine, Tennant Creek and Nhulunbuy registries of the Court of Summary Jurisdiction (Northern Territory).
Part 6
Remote appearances
Part 6—Remote appearances
12
Remote appearances unrelated to remote evidence
12 Remote appearances unrelated to remote evidence
For paragraph 47(1)(b) of the Act, the following Australian tribunals are prescribed:
(aa) Administrative Review Tribunal (Commonwealth);
(ab) Trans‑Tasman IP Attorneys Disciplinary Tribunal (Commonwealth);
(a) Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal;
(b) Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal;
(c) State Administrative Tribunal in Western Australia;
(d) ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal.
13
Remote appearances related to remote evidence
13 Remote appearances related to remote evidence
(1) For paragraph 49(1)(b) of the Act, the following State and Territory courts are prescribed:
(a) Supreme Court of New South Wales;
(b) District Court of New South Wales;
(c) Local Court of New South Wales;
(d) Children’s Court of New South Wales;
(e) Dust Diseases Tribunal of New South Wales;
(f) Supreme Court of the State of Victoria;
(g) County Court (Victoria);
(h) Magistrates’ Court of Victoria;
(i) Supreme Court of Queensland;
(j) District Court of Queensland;
(k) Magistrates Courts (Queensland);
(l) Planning and Environment Court (Queensland);
(m) Land Court (Queensland);
(n) Childrens Court of Queensland;
(o) Industrial Court of Queensland;
(p) Supreme Court of Western Australia;
(q) The District Court of Western Australia;
(r) Magistrates Court of Western Australia;
(s) Family Court of Western Australia;
(t) Supreme Court of South Australia;
(u) District Court of South Australia;
(v) Magistrates Court of South Australia;
(w) Supreme Court of Tasmania;
(x) Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory;
(y) Magistrates Court (Australian Capital Territory);
(z) Supreme Court of the Northern Territory of Australia;
(za) Local Court (Northern Territory);
(zb) Court of Summary Jurisdiction (Northern Territory);
(zc) Youth Justice Court (Northern Territory);
(zd) Work Health Court (Northern Territory).
(2) For paragraph 49(1)(c) of the Act, the following Australian tribunals are prescribed:
(a) Administrative Review Tribunal (Commonwealth);
(b) Trans‑Tasman IP Attorneys Disciplinary Tribunal (Commonwealth).
14
Courts and tribunals that may provide assistance to NZ courts and tribunals
14 Courts and tribunals that may provide assistance to NZ courts and tribunals
(1) For paragraph 63(2)(c) of the Act, the following State and Territory courts are prescribed:
(a) Supreme Court of New South Wales;
(b) Local Court of New South Wales;
(c) Children’s Court of New South Wales;
(d) Dust Diseases Tribunal of New South Wales;
(e) Supreme Court of the State of Victoria;
(f) County Court (Victoria);
(g) Magistrates’ Court of Victoria;
(h) Supreme Court of Queensland;
(i) Supreme Court of Western Australia;
(j) The District Court of Western Australia;
(k) Magistrates Court of Western Australia;
(l) Family Court of Western Australia;
(m) Supreme Court of South Australia;
(n) Supreme Court of Tasmania;
(o) Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory;
(p) Supreme Court of the Northern Territory of Australia;
(q) Local Court (Northern Territory);
(r) Court of Summary Jurisdiction (Northern Territory).
(2) For paragraph 63(2)(d) of the Act, the following Australian tribunals are prescribed:
(a) Administrative Review Tribunal (Commonwealth);
(b) Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal.
Part 7
Recognition and enforcement of judgments
Part 7—Recognition and enforcement of judgments
15
Regulatory regime criminal fines
15 Regulatory regime criminal fines
(1) For the definition of regulatory regime criminal fine in section 4 of the Act, a regulatory regime criminal fine is a fine for a criminal offence under:
(a) a provision of the following NZ Acts:
(i) Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act 1997 (NZ);
(ia) Auditor Regulation Act 2011 (NZ);
(ii) Companies Act 1993 (NZ);
(iii) Credit Contracts and Consumer Finance Act 2003 (NZ);
(iv) Fair Trading Act 1986 (NZ);
(iva) Financial Advisers Act 2008 (NZ);
(v) Financial Markets Authority Act 2011 (NZ);
(va) Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (NZ);
(vb) Financial Reporting Act 2013 (NZ);
(vi) Financial Reporting Act 1993 (NZ);
(vii) Financial Service Providers (Registration and Dispute Resolution) Act 2008 (NZ);
(viia) Food Act 2014 (NZ);
(viii) Food Act 1981 (NZ);
(ix) Insurance (Prudential Supervision) Act 2010 (NZ);
(x) Securities Act 1978 (NZ);
(xi) Securities Markets Act 1988 (NZ);
(xii) Takeovers Act 1993 (NZ);
(xiii) Unit Trusts Act 1960 (NZ);
(b) a provision of the Commerce Act 1986 (NZ), other than a provision in Subpart 9 or 10 of Part 4;
(c) subsection 54(1) or (2) of the Health and Disability Services (Safety) Act 2001 (NZ);
(d) one or more of the following provisions of the Medicines Act 1981 (NZ):
(i) sections 17, 20, 24, 36, 38, 41, 42, 59 and 78;
(ii) subsection 18(5);
(e) a provision in Part 4, 5 or 5D of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act 1989 (NZ).
(2) The reference in subsection (1) to a provision (an Act provision) includes a reference to any provision of any subordinate legislation (however described) that is made:
(a) under a NZ Act; and
(b) in connection with, or for the purposes of, the Act provision.
(3) Subsection (1) applies even if the criminal offence under the provision relates to a contravention of, or relates to a fine in or calculated under, or is extended in its application or operation by, any other provision in or made under a NZ Act.
16
Judgments that are not registrable NZ judgments
16 Judgments that are not registrable NZ judgments
For paragraph 66(2)(j) of the Act, a judgment is not a registrable NZ judgment if it relates wholly or in part to an order made by a NZ court:
(a) under the Insolvency (Cross‑border) Act 2006 (NZ):
(i) recognising an Australian or foreign (other than NZ) proceeding; or
(ii) providing a discretionary remedy in relation to an Australian or foreign proceeding, if the order is made:
(A) on or after the filing of an application for recognition of the proceeding and before the application is decided; or
(B) on or after recognition of the proceeding; or
(b) under NZ domestic insolvency laws—commencing a proceeding and appointing a representative, if the order is subject to recognition in Australia under the Cross‑Border Insolvency Act 2008.
17
Application for registration of NZ judgment
17 Application for registration of NZ judgment
(1) For paragraph 67(5)(a) of the Act, Form 5 is prescribed.
(2) For paragraph 67(5)(b) of the Act:
(a) if the court is able to receive an application by fax or email—the application may be filed by fax or email; and
(b) a sealed, certified or otherwise authenticated copy of the NZ judgment must be physically filed at the court in hard copy:
(i) with the application; or
(ii) if the application is filed by facsimile or email—within 15 working days after the application is filed.
18
Rate of exchange
18 Rate of exchange
For subsection 69(2) of the Act, the rate of exchange on the conversion day, within the meaning of paragraph 69(1)(b) of the Act, is the rate of exchange published for that day by the Reserve Bank of Australia.
Note: The Reserve Bank of Australia exchange rate is published at www.rba.gov.au.
19
Notice of registration of NZ judgment
19 Notice of registration of NZ judgment
(1) For paragraph 73(2)(a) of the Act, Form 6 is prescribed.
(2) For paragraph 73(2)(b) of the Act, the notice must be given to each liable person by:
(a) delivering the notice by registered post to the liable person’s last known address; or
(b) handing the notice to the liable person.
Form 1—Notice to defendant served in NZ
Form 1—Notice to defendant served in NZ
Form 1—Notice to defendant served in NZ
Note: (section 5)
Please read this notice and the attached document(s) very carefully.
If you have any trouble understanding these documents, you should get legal advice as soon as possible.
The plaintiff has commenced a proceeding against you in the [Australian commencement court or tribunal]. Attached to this notice is a/are [name(s) of document(s)] (‘the attached document(s)’) filed in the [Australian commencement court or tribunal].
Service of the attached document(s) in NZ is authorised by the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 (Cth).
Consequences of the attached document(s) being served on you
The [Australian commencement court or tribunal] can consider, and make a decision on, any claim set out in the attached document(s).
The [Australian commencement court or tribunal]’s decision on this claim (its judgment) may be enforced in Australia or NZ.
Your rights to apply for the proceeding to be stayed
If a court in NZ is the more appropriate court to decide the claim set out in the attached document(s), you may be able to have the proceeding stayed by applying to the [Australian commencement court or tribunal]. If the proceeding is stayed, the claim cannot proceed in the [Australian commencement court or tribunal].
You have 30 working days from the day on which you are served with the attached document(s) to apply for the proceeding to be stayed.
If you think the proceeding should be stayed, it is recommended you get legal advice as soon as possible.
Contesting this claim
If you want to contest this claim, you must take any action set out in the attached document(s) as being necessary to contest the claim. You have 30 working days,1 after the day on which you are served with the attached document(s), to respond.
The [name of appearance or response document] must contain an address in Australia or NZ where documents can be left for you or sent to you.
1 If the procedural rules of the Australian commencement court or tribunal would allow a longer period than 30 working days for filing an appearance or response document in the case of service within Australia, substitute that longer period.
Form 2—Request for a hearing of defendan
Form 2—Request for a hearing of defendant’s application for stay of an Australian civil proceeding
Form 2—Request for a hearing of defendant’s application for stay of an Australian civil proceeding
(section 6)
To the Registrar of the [Australian commencement court or tribunal] at [place]
and
To [name of other party to the proceeding]
This document notifies you that—
The [plaintiff / defendant*], [name], requests that the [Australian commencement court or tribunal] determine with a hearing the defendant’s application under section 17 of the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 (Cth) for an order staying the proceeding.
Date:
Signature:
[Plaintiff/Defendant/Solicitor for Plaintiff/Solicitor for Defendant/
Counsel for Plaintiff/Counsel for Defendant*]
*Select one
Form 3—Request to appear remotely in the
Form 3—Request to appear remotely in the hearing of an application for stay of Australian civil proceeding
Form 3—Request to appear remotely in the hearing of an application for stay of Australian civil proceeding
(section 7)
[Heading]
To the Registrar of the [Australian commencement court or tribunal]
The [defendant/defendant’s counsel/defendant and defendant’s counsel*] requests under section 18 of the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 (Cth) (‘the Act’) to appear remotely in the hearing of the defendant’s application for a stay of the proceeding.
The defendant was [served/purportedly served*] in NZ under section 9 of the Act with the initiating document for the proceeding.
The [Australian commencement court or tribunal] is determining with a hearing the defendant’s application under section 17 of the Act for an order staying the proceeding.
A remote appearance medium is, or can reasonably be made, available for the hearing.
The remote appearance can be made from [place in NZ].
The [audio link/audiovisual link*] facilities are available at [courtroom or other place in NZ where remote appearance is to be made].
I estimate that the remote appearance will take [amount of time for remote appearance].
Date:
Signature:
(Defendant/Defendant’s counsel*)
*Select one
Form 4—Notice to accompany subpoena
Form 4—Notice to accompany subpoena
Form 4—Notice to accompany subpoena
(section 10)
NOTICE TO WITNESS
THIS NOTICE IS VERY IMPORTANT
Please read this notice and the attached document(s) very carefully.
If you have any trouble understanding them you should get legal advice as soon as possible.
Attached to this notice is a subpoena. [If the process served is not called a subpoena, substitute the name of the process for the word ‘subpoena’ throughout this notice.]
The subpoena has been issued by [court or tribunal that issued the subpoena].
The subpoena may be served in NZ under section 30 of the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 (Cth).
This notice:
sets out your rights relating to the subpoena; and
sets out your obligations relating to the subpoena; and
includes information about how you may apply to have the subpoena set aside.
YOUR RIGHTS
You are entitled to receive payment of an amount equal to the reasonable expenses you incur in complying with the subpoena.
An amount of money, or money and vouchers, that is sufficient to meet your reasonable expenses of complying with the subpoena must be given to you within a reasonable time before the date for compliance with the subpoena (see below: ‘YOUR OBLIGATIONS’).
If, in complying with the subpoena, you incur expenses that are more than the amount that was given to you before you complied, you may obtain an order from the [court or tribunal that issued the subpoena] that you be paid the additional amount you incurred.
You may apply to the [court that gave leave for the subpoena to be served] to have the subpoena wholly or partly set aside. If you wish to apply to have the subpoena set aside you should get legal advice as soon as possible.
An application can be made and determined by that court without you having to go to Australia, or to retain Australian solicitors. All necessary arrangements can be made in NZ.
Note: Details of some of the grounds on which a subpoena can be set aside, and the procedures for setting aside a subpoena, are set out at the end of this notice.
YOUR OBLIGATIONS
Unless the subpoena is set aside, you must comply with the subpoena if:
(a) when the subpoena was served on you, or at some reasonable time before the date specified in the subpoena for compliance with it, you were offered or given either:
(i) enough money to meet your reasonable expenses in complying with it, including any travel and accommodation expenses; or
(ii) a combination of money and vouchers (for example, travel tickets) to meet those expenses; and
(b) you were given, with the subpoena, a copy of an order by a judge giving leave to serve the subpoena in NZ; and
(c) the subpoena was served on you before or on the date specified in the order as the last day on which the subpoena may be served; and
(d) service of the subpoena complied with any other conditions specified in the order; and
(e) when the subpoena was served on you, you were over the age of 18 years.
If the subpoena only requires you to produce documents or things, it must specify the date on which the documents or things are required for production in the court or tribunal that issued the subpoena. You may comply with the subpoena by producing the documents or things at a registry of the High Court of New Zealand no later than 10 days before the date specified for production in the subpoena. When you produce the documents or things at the registry you will be required to produce the subpoena and to pay the cost of sending the documents or things to the court or tribunal that issued the subpoena. You will be able to pay that cost out of the money given to you to meet your reasonable expenses of complying with the subpoena.
FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THE SUBPOENA
If you do not comply with this subpoena you may be arrested and taken before the High Court of New Zealand. Unless the High Court is satisfied that failure to comply should be excused, a fine not exceeding NZ$10,000 may be imposed.
GROUNDS FOR SETTING ASIDE A SUBPOENA
If you apply for the subpoena to be set aside, the court must set aside the subpoena if the subpoena requires you to attend at a place in Australia and:
(a) you do not have necessary travel documents and cannot reasonably get them within the time allowed for compliance with the subpoena; or
(b) compliance with the subpoena would make you liable to be detained for the purpose of serving a sentence; or
(c) you are being prosecuted or you are liable to prosecution for an offence in Australia; or
(d) you are liable to the imposition of a penalty in a civil proceeding in Australia (other than a proceeding under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth)); or
(e) the court is satisfied that you are subject to a restriction on your movements imposed by law or an order of a court that is inconsistent with you complying with the subpoena (for example, bail conditions, release conditions, or terms of a community based sentence).
The court may set aside the subpoena on other grounds, including:
(a) the evidence you would give in the proceeding can be obtained satisfactorily by other means without significantly greater expense; or
(b) compliance with the subpoena would cause you hardship or serious inconvenience; or
(c) if the subpoena requires you to produce a document or thing:
(i) that document or thing should not be taken out of NZ; and
(ii) satisfactory evidence of the contents of the document or satisfactory evidence of the thing can be given by other means.
Note: The above list does not include all the matters the court will consider in an application to set aside a subpoena, but if any of the matters in the list apply to you they should be included in your application.
PROCEDURE FOR APPLYING TO SET ASIDE A SUBPOENA
Application must be made to the [court that gave leave for service of the subpoena in NZ].
You may fax your application to that court on [fax number of court].
Your application must contain an address for service in NZ or Australia. Any documents to be served on you will be delivered, faxed or posted to you at that address.
The Registrar of the [court that gave leave for service of the subpoena in NZ] will arrange for service of your application and any affidavit you lodge with your application.
The court may determine your application without a hearing unless you, or the person who requested that the subpoena be issued, asks for a hearing.
If there is a hearing, the court can direct that it be held by audio link or audiovisual link. In that case, you or your lawyer can take part in the hearing by audio link or by audiovisual link from a place in NZ.
If, in your application or within a reasonable time after lodging your application, you request that the hearing be held by audio link or audiovisual link, the court must hold the hearing by audio link or audiovisual link. However, in such a case, the court will determine which of audio link or audiovisual link will be used.
Form 5—Application to register a judgmen
Form 5—Application to register a judgment under the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010
Form 5—Application to register a judgment under the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010
(subsection 17(1))
[Heading]
To the Registrar of the [Australian commencement court or tribunal]
The applicant applies under the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 (Cth) to have the following judgment of the [NZ court or tribunal] registered in the Court.
A copy of the judgment is attached.
Details of parties to original proceeding
Plaintiff:1
Defendant:
Last known address of liable person:
Details of judgment2
Court or tribunal:
Judge:
Date of judgment:
Where made:
The judgment is, or is be to treated as, a registrable NZ judgment for the purposes of section 66 of the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 (Cth) for the following reasons: [specify].
The judgment is, in terms of section 75 of the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 (Cth), capable of being enforced in the original court or tribunal or in another NZ court or tribunal.
1 If the parties to the original proceeding were called the ‘applicant’ and ‘respondent’ rather than the ‘plaintiff’ and ‘defendant’, substitute those descriptions.
2 If not all provisions of the judgment are registrable, change to ‘Details of the registrable provisions’ and only provide details of the provisions for which registration is sought.
If the judgment is a money judgment
Amount: [expressed in the currency in which judgment was given].
The applicant [wants/does not want*] the judgment registered in the foreign currency in which it was given.
The applicant wants the judgment to be registered in [the currency in which judgment is to be registered].
Balance remaining payable: [expressed in the currency in which the judgment was given].
The rate of interest carried by the judgment by [NZ law under which it was given] is [rate]%. The amount of interest which, by that law, has become due up to the time of this application is [expressed in the currency in which the judgment was given].
If the judgment is for something other than the payment of money
Terms of judgment:
Costs
Costs of registration of the judgment: [specify the amount and the currency].
Costs of enforcing the judgment in the original court or tribunal: [calculated in accordance with section 77 of the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 (Cth)].
[Attach all relevant documents showing costs incurred.]
I confirm that the information provided in this form is correct.
Date:
Signature:
[Applicant/Solicitor for Applicant/Counsel for Applicant*]
*Select one
Form 6—Notice to liable person of regist
Form 6—Notice to liable person of registration of a NZ judgment under the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010
Form 6—Notice to liable person of registration of a NZ judgment under the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010
(subsection 19(1))
Please read this notice very carefully.
If you have any trouble understanding the notice, you should get legal advice as soon as possible.
Attached to this notice is a copy of the judgment given by [NZ court or tribunal]. This judgment has been registered in the [Australian commencement court or tribunal] under the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 (Cth).
Details of judgment
The particulars of the judgment that are entered in the records of the [Australian court in which judgment is registered] include the following:
If the judgment is one under which a sum of money is payable
(a) amount payable under the judgment—$ [specify the amount and the currency];
(b) interest payable under paragraph 67(a) of the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010—$ [specify the amount and the currency].
If the judgment is not one under which a sum of money is payable
[specify the terms of the judgment]
Costs and expenses related to registration of the judgment
[specify the amount and the currency]
Costs and expenses related to attempted enforcement in original court or tribunal
[specify the amount and the currency]
Consequences of registration and this notice being served on you
The NZ judgment can be enforced in Australia as if it were a judgment given by the [Australian court in which judgment is registered].
Your rights
Setting aside registration
If the judgment should not have been registered in Australia under the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 (Cth), you may be able to have the registration set aside by applying to the [Australian court in which judgment is registered]. The Act sets out limited grounds on which registration of a judgment may be set aside.
You must make an application for the registration to be set aside within 30 working days after the day on which you were given this notice.
If you think the registration should be set aside you should get legal advice as soon as possible.
Stay of enforcement
If you intend to apply to the [NZ court or tribunal] to set aside, vary or appeal the judgment, you may apply for enforcement of the registered judgment in Australia not to be commenced or to be stayed (put on hold) for a period of time.
You must make an application for enforcement not to commence or to be stayed within 30 working days after the day on which you were given this notice.
If you think enforcement of the judgment should not commence, or should be stayed, you should get legal advice as soon as possible.
Failure to comply with judgment
If you fail to comply with the judgment:
further interest may accrue on any amount owing1; and
you may be required to pay the costs of the entitled person enforcing the judgment.
1 Delete if judgment is not a money judgment.
Source text: opening excerpt
Sourced from the Federal Register of Legislation (legislation.gov.au), CC BY 4.0.
Part 1 Preliminary
Part 1—Preliminary
1 Name of regulation
1 Name of regulation
This regulation is the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Regulation 2012.
3 Definitions
3 Definitions
Note: A number of expressions used in this regulation are defined in the Act, including the following:
(a) liable person;
(b) plaintiff.
In this regulation:
Act means the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010.
Cth is short for ‘Commonwealth of Australia’.
NZ is short for ‘New Zealand’.
registrable NZ judgment has the meaning given by section 66 of the Act.
4 Forms
4 Forms
A reference in a provision of this regulation to a form by number is a reference to the form of that number in Schedule 1.
Note: A form must be completed in accordance with any directions specified in the form, but the directions may be omitted from the completed document.
Part 2 Service in NZ of initiating document
Part 2—Service in NZ of initiating document
5 Information to be given to defendant
5 Information to be given to defendant
For subsection 11(1) of the Act, an initiating document served in NZ under section 9 of the Act must contain or be accompanied by a notice in accordance with Form 1.
Part 3 Application to stay proceeding on forum grounds
Part 3—Application to stay proceeding on forum grounds
6 Request for hearing of stay application
6 Request for hearing of stay application
A request by a person mentioned in paragraph 18(2)(a), (b) or (c) of the Act for a hearing to determine an application made under section 17 of the Act may be made in accordance with Form 2.
7 Request for remote appearance
7 Request for remote appearance
A request by a defendant under paragraph 18(4)(b) of the Act to appear remotely in a hearing may be made in accordance with Form 3.
Part 4 Australian courts granting interim relief
Part 4—Australian courts granting interim relief
8 Australian courts to which application for interim relief may be made
Main concepts
The regulation organises around a small set of recurring procedural concepts that link to the Act: service in NZ, stay applications on forum grounds, interim relief from Australian courts, subpoenas served in NZ, remote appearances, assistance to NZ courts, and registration/enforcement of NZ judgments in Australia. Each main concept is implemented by a combination of prescribed forms and prescribed jurisdictions or registries.
Service in New Zealand: section 5 requires that any initiating document served in NZ under s 9 of the Act must include or be accompanied by the notice in Form 1. That notice informs the recipient of the proceeding, the court’s potential enforcement power, the 30‑working‑day time limit to apply for a stay and to respond, and the requirement that an appearance/response contain an Australian or NZ address for service (Form 1 text; s 5). The regulation therefore standardises the information a defendant in NZ will receive when an Australian plaintiff utilises the Act’s service mechanism.
Stay applications and hearings: the Act provides for a defendant served in NZ to apply for a stay of the Australian proceeding if a NZ court is more appropriate. The regulation prescribes a simple form for requesting a hearing to determine the stay application (Form 2, s 6) and a form to request a remote appearance in that hearing (Form 3, s 7). These forms set out the expectations and minimum content for requests under ss 17-18 of the Act.
Interim relief: the regulation prescribes which Australian courts may be approached for interim relief under paragraph 25(d) of the Act (s 8). The list includes a mix of State, Territory and federal courts (for example the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2), various District and Magistrates’ Courts, and certain Family and County Courts). The selection of courts defines where plaintiffs may seek urgent measures while proceedings remain in flux.
Subpoenas in NZ: Division 2 of Part 5 of the Act (subpoena regime) is given effect by prescribing which Australian courts and tribunals may issue subpoenas to be served in NZ (s 9), and by prescribing the notice to accompany such subpoenas (Form 4, s 10). The regulation also prescribes which registries in Australia are specified to receive documents and things required by subpoenas served in NZ (s 11). Form 4 is detailed and sets out the rights and obligations of the witness, including rules on payment of reasonable expenses before compliance and grounds and procedure for applying to set aside a subpoena.
Remote appearances and remote evidence: the regulation differentiates between remote appearances unrelated to remote evidence (s 12) and those related to remote evidence (s 13), prescribing lists of tribunals and courts respectively. It defines which bodies may receive requests and participate in remote hearings under the Act’s remote appearance provisions.
Assistance to NZ courts: s 14 prescribes Australian courts and tribunals that may provide assistance to NZ courts and tribunals under the Act, dividing them by function in paragraphs 63(2)(c) and (d) of the Act.
Registration and enforcement of NZ judgments: the regulation prescribes the form to apply to register a NZ judgment (Form 5, s 17), the rate of exchange to apply to conversion days (s 18), the form of notice to give liable persons of registration (Form 6, s 19), and the methods available for giving that notice (s 19(2)). It also defines which NZ fines qualify as "regulatory regime criminal fines" for the Act’s purposes (a detailed list at s 15) and excludes certain NZ insolvency‑related orders from being treated as registrable NZ judgments (s 16).
Conceptually, the regulation is an operational toolkit: it supplies forms, enumerations, filing mechanics and notices that instantiate the Act’s cross‑border service, evidence, subpoena and judgment recognition features. Its main utility is to reduce uncertainty about how the Act’s broad grants of power and rights are to be exercised in practice by giving named courts, named forms and specific procedural requirements.
Who it affects
The regulation affects several distinct groups by imposing procedural obligations, setting available remedies, or creating practical requirements.
Plaintiffs and applicants in Australia: Anyone who commences an Australian proceeding and wants to effect service in NZ under the Act must attach or include Form 1 with the initiating document (s 5; Form 1). Plaintiffs seeking interim relief must approach one of the courts prescribed in s 8. Plaintiffs who seek registration of a NZ judgment in Australia must use Form 5 and, where applicable, ensure an authenticated copy of the NZ judgment is physically filed within the specified timeframe (s 17).
Defendants and liable persons in New Zealand: Persons served under the Act in NZ receive a prescribed notice (Form 1). That notice sets out their rights to apply for a stay and the 30‑working‑day deadlines to apply for a stay or to respond (Form 1). Persons who are liable under a registered NZ judgment are to be given the Form 6 notice (s 19; Form 6) and have 30 working days to apply to set aside registration or to apply for a stay of enforcement (Form 6).
Witnesses and third parties in New Zealand: Subpoenas served in NZ must be accompanied by Form 4 (s 10; Form 4). Form 4 creates rules that affect witnesses’ obligations and entitlements: they are entitled to be paid reasonable expenses, money or vouchers sufficient to meet reasonable expenses must be provided within a reasonable time before the compliance date, and certain exceptions allow an application to set aside the subpoena. Form 4 also warns that failure to comply may lead to arrest and a fine not exceeding NZ$10,000, spelling out civil penalties available under New Zealand enforcement mechanisms (Form 4 text).
Australian courts, tribunals and registrars: The regulation prescribes which courts may exercise interim relief (s 8), which courts and tribunals are covered by the subpoena regime and remote appearance regimes (ss 9, 12, 13), and which registries may receive documents and things pursuant to subpoenas served in NZ (s 11). Registrars of those courts receive and process Forms 2-5, and are given express roles in the forms (for example, lodging and arranging service, s 17(2)).
New Zealand courts and officials: The regulation’s operation presumes interaction with NZ judicial officers and registries , for example, the subpoena notice (Form 4) contemplates production of documents at a registry of the High Court of New Zealand as an alternative compliance route. NZ courts are affected insofar as they may later be asked to recognise or vary judgments that an Australian court has registered (Form 6 references appeals and applications to the NZ court).
Legal practitioners and counsel: The forms and prescribed procedures set expectations for content and timing of applications, service addresses and the technical requirement to include an Australian or NZ address for service in a response (Form 1). Practitioners entering cross‑jurisdictional work must account for the specified filing channels, physical filing obligations and the lists of courts that can be approached under the Act.
Regulatory agencies and those subject to NZ regulatory criminal fines: Section 15 lists NZ Acts whose criminal offences are to be regarded as "regulatory regime criminal fines" for the purposes of the Act. Entities subject to convictions under those NZ Acts should be aware that fines under them fall within the Act’s defined category and therefore are caught by the registration and enforcement regime envisaged by the Act and this regulation.
In short, the regulation affects litigants initiating cross‑border proceedings, persons served in NZ, witnesses subpoenaed in NZ, the Australian courts/registries that must carry out Act functions, and persons whose NZ judgments or fines are candidates for registration and enforcement in Australia. The regulation’s prescriptive lists and forms concentrate decision points in registrars and named courts, and shift many practical burdens onto parties and witnesses (service, notices, physical filing, payments to witnesses).
Key duties and rights
The regulation imposes particular duties on parties and registrars and establishes explicit rights for persons served or subpoenaed.
Duties of persons serving initiating documents: Under s 5 the initiating document served in NZ must contain or be accompanied by the notice in Form 1. That notice places procedural expectations on recipients (for example, the requirement that a response contain an Australian or NZ address for service), but the duty on the server is to ensure the initiating document includes Form 1 when service is effected under s 9 of the Act.
Deadlines and timeframes: Forms 1 and 6 set critical time limits. Form 1 informs defendants they have 30 working days from service to apply for a stay and to respond (Form 1). Form 6 tells liable persons they must apply to set aside registration or for a stay of enforcement within 30 working days after being given notice of registration (s 19(1); Form 6). The regulation thus fixes 30 working days as the procedural window for multiple responses unless a particular Australian court’s procedural rules allow a longer period (Form 1 footnote). Those are concrete time obligations on defendants and liable persons.
Duty to use prescribed forms and methods: The regulation prescribes forms for key processes: Form 2 for requesting a hearing of a defendant’s stay application (s 6); Form 3 for a defendant’s request to appear remotely (s 7); Form 4 to accompany subpoenas served in NZ (s 10); Form 5 to apply for registration of a NZ judgment (s 17); and Form 6 to notify liable persons of registration (s 19). The duty to use the prescribed form is explicit in s 5 and ss 6-7, 10, 17 and 19.
Witness obligations and entitlements under subpoenas: Form 4 sets out that witnesses served with a subpoena in NZ are entitled to be paid reasonable expenses. A crucial duty on the issuing party is to give money or vouchers sufficient to meet reasonable expenses within a reasonable time before the compliance date (Form 4, “Your rights” and “Your obligations”). If those conditions are not met, the witness cannot be compelled to comply. Form 4 also lists grounds on which a witness may apply to the court that granted leave for service in NZ to have the subpoena set aside (Form 4, “Grounds for setting aside a subpoena”).
Filing and authentication responsibilities: Section 17 prescribes Form 5 for applications to register NZ judgments and sets a filing mechanism when applications are filed by fax or email: in that case a sealed, certified or otherwise authenticated copy of the NZ judgment must be physically filed at the court within 15 working days of the application (s 17(2)(b)). This creates a duty to ensure hard‑copy authentication reaches the registry within the specific timeframe if electronic channels are used.
Exchange‑rate rule: Section 18 instructs that where the Act requires conversion on a conversion day, the rate published by the Reserve Bank of Australia for that day is to be used. The duty to convert monetary amounts for registration/enforcement purposes therefore is mechanistic and relies on the RBA’s published rate.
Notices of registration: Section 19 prescribes Form 6 and also specifies how notice must be given to a liable person: by registered post to the liable person’s last known address or by handing the notice to the person (s 19(2)). These prescribed methods are mandatory pathways to effect the notice obligations to liable persons.
Rights to procedural relief: The forms and sections grant persons served or affected certain rights: the right to apply to stay proceedings (Form 1; s 17 process), to request a hearing of a stay application (Form 2), to request to appear remotely (Form 3; s 7), to be paid reasonable expenses when complying with a subpoena and to apply to set aside subpoenas on enumerated grounds (Form 4), and to apply to have registration of a NZ judgment set aside (Form 6). The regulation therefore enshrines concrete procedural rights and specifies the forms and timelines in which they are to be exercised.
Registrars’ and courts’ duties: Registrars are the addressees in the prescribed forms and are responsible for receiving applications, arranging service and maintaining records , for example, the Form 5 applicant applies “to the Registrar” and s 17(2) contemplates registries accepting filings and handling physical authenticated copies. Courts and registries listed in ss 8-14 are the bodies empowered to receive applications, grant leave for subpoenas, provide remote hearing facilities, and accept production of documents or things at specified registries (s 11).
In sum, the regulation translates the Act’s high‑level processes into prescriptive duties (use these forms; meet these deadlines; offer money to witnesses before compliance; physically file authenticated copies within 15 working days when using electronic filing) and concomitant rights (apply for stays, set aside subpoenas, set aside registration, request remote appearances). These duties and rights are concretely allocated to parties, registrars and courts in the sections and forms cited.
Penalties and enforcement
The regulation itself mostly prescribes process rather than creating new offences, but it engages with enforcement in three practical ways: (1) it specifies how NZ subpoenas are enforced and the consequences of non‑compliance as explained in Form 4; (2) it sets the mechanics for registration and post‑registration enforcement of NZ judgments in Australia (Form 6 and s 17); and (3) it identifies categories of NZ fines that are “regulatory regime criminal fines” for the Act’s purposes (s 15), thereby signalling which monetary sanctions are captured by the Act’s registration/enforcement pathways.
Subpoena enforcement in New Zealand: Form 4, which the regulation prescribes to accompany subpoenas served in NZ (s 10), explains the enforcement consequences a person faces for failing to comply with a subpoena. It states that non‑compliance may lead to arrest and being taken before the High Court of New Zealand, and that unless the High Court excuses the failure, a fine not exceeding NZ$10,000 may be imposed (Form 4, “Failure to comply with the subpoena”). These statements are procedural content supplied to Australian parties and to persons in NZ; they reflect the enforcement apparatus available in New Zealand to compel compliance with subpoenas served under the Act.
Conditions for compelled compliance: Form 4 also sets out that a witness must have been offered or given money or vouchers sufficient to meet reasonable expenses before they can be required to comply, and that a copy of the order granting leave to serve the subpoena in NZ must have been given with the subpoena. If these conditions are not met the witness need not comply. Therefore enforcement is conditional on the issuing party meeting payment and procedural prerequisites set out in Form 4.
Registration and enforcement of NZ judgments in Australia: The regulation prescribes the application form (Form 5) for registration of a NZ judgment and the notice to be given to liable persons when registration occurs (Form 6) (s 17, s 19). Form 6 states that once a NZ judgment is registered, it can be enforced in Australia as if it were a judgment of the Australian court that registered it (Form 6, “Consequences of registration”). It also notes that failing to comply with such a judgment may result in further interest and payment of enforcement costs (Form 6, “Failure to comply with judgment”). The regulation therefore sets the administrative steps by which foreign judgments become enforceable in Australia under the Act.
Regulatory regime criminal fines: Section 15 provides a detailed list of NZ Acts under which a fine for a criminal offence qualifies as a "regulatory regime criminal fine" for the Act’s purposes. That list includes, for example, the Companies Act 1993 (NZ), the Fair Trading Act 1986 (NZ), the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (NZ), and many other financial and regulatory statutes (s 15(1)). By defining which NZ fines fall within the Act, the regulation affects which monetary penalties can be the subject of registration and enforcement in Australia.
Methods for giving notice of registration: Section 19 prescribes Form 6 and specifies that notice of registration must be given to each liable person by registered post to the last known address or by handing the notice to the person (s 19(2)). These prescribed methods are the mechanics by which a registered judgment’s enforceability is made known; failure to give notice by those methods could affect the practical enforcement pathway and any time limits for applications to set aside.
Penalties not created by the regulation: The regulation does not itself create new statutory penalties beyond prescribing notices that explain enforcement mechanisms in New Zealand and Australia. The fine figure and arrest consequences referenced in Form 4 are descriptions of NZ enforcement outcomes available to NZ courts, and the enforcement of registered NZ judgments in Australia proceeds under the Act’s framework as operationalised by the regulation.
In summary, the regulation structures the conduits for enforcement: it sets conditions and procedural steps that, when satisfied, enable subpoena enforcement in NZ and registration and subsequent enforcement of NZ judgments in Australia. It defines which NZ fines are within scope and prescribes the notice mechanisms and timing that trigger enforcement rights and deadlines.
How it interacts with other laws
The regulation operates entirely as an implementing instrument for the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 and is therefore heavily cross‑referential. It also engages directly with a range of New Zealand statutes by treating certain offences or orders under those statutes in specified ways.
Cross‑references to the Act: Nearly every substantive provision of the regulation links to a specific provision of the Act. For instance, s 5 implements subsection 11(1) of the Act by prescribing Form 1 for initiating documents served in NZ. Sections 6 and 7 correspond to Act paragraphs 18(2) and 18(4)(b) respectively, supplying Forms 2 and 3 for stay hearing requests and remote appearance requests. Sections 8-14 identify which Australian courts and tribunals are within the scope of various Act powers (for interim relief, subpoenas, remote appearances and assistance to NZ courts) and therefore operate as an operational mapping of Act clauses to actual jurisdictions. Section 17 implements paragraph 67(5)(a) and (b) by prescribing Form 5 and filing requirements for registration of NZ judgments. Section 18 implements subsection 69(2) by specifying the RBA exchange rate as the conversion day rate.
Interaction with New Zealand legislation: Section 15 explicitly ties the regulation to a list of New Zealand Acts when defining “regulatory regime criminal fine” for the Act’s purposes. The section lists NZ Acts such as the Companies Act 1993, Fair Trading Act 1986, Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013, and multiple financial and reporting statutes. Section 15(2) clarifies that the reference to a provision includes subordinate legislation made under the NZ Act provision, and s 15(3) states that the subsection applies even if the NZ offence relates to contravention of, or is extended by, other provisions. Thus the regulation places many NZ regulatory criminal fines squarely within the Act’s reach for registration/enforcement.
Insolvency and cross‑border orders: Section 16 excludes from registrable NZ judgments any judgment that relates to certain NZ orders made under the Insolvency (Cross‑border) Act 2006 (NZ) recognising an Australian or other foreign proceeding or providing discretionary remedies in relation to foreign proceedings where the order is made after application for recognition or after recognition. It also excludes NZ orders under domestic insolvency laws that commence a proceeding and appoint a representative if the order is subject to recognition in Australia under the Cross‑Border Insolvency Act 2008. This interaction with NZ insolvency regimes signals that certain cross‑border insolvency orders are to be handled outside the simplified registration mechanism of the Act.
Reserve Bank rate: Section 18 directs that the rate of exchange on the conversion day is the rate published by the Reserve Bank of Australia for that day. The regulation therefore imports the RBA’s published rate into the Act’s conversion mechanism; the regulation notes the RBA publishes that rate at www.rba.gov.au. This is a direct operational tie between the Act’s currency conversion requirement and an Australian statutory agency’s published data.
Procedural rules of Australian courts: The footnote in Form 1 and s 17(2)(a) demonstrate interaction with the procedural rules of the Australian commencement court or tribunal. For example, if the court’s procedural rules would allow a longer period than 30 working days for filing in‑Australia service responses, that longer period substitutes for the 30‑working‑day period set out in Form 1. Likewise s 17(2)(a) allows filing by fax or email where the receiving court is able to accept that method, but requires physical filing of authenticated copies within 15 working days. These provisions require practitioners to consult both the regulation and the receiving court’s procedural rules.
New Zealand High Court registry: Form 4 provides an alternative compliance method for subpoenas that require only documents or things: the witness may produce documents or things at a registry of the High Court of New Zealand no later than 10 days before the date specified for production in the subpoena. That provision connects the Australian subpoena regime with procedural options in New Zealand courts for transmitting material back to Australia.
Taken together the regulation bridges the Act with NZ substantive and procedural statutes and Australian court procedural rules. It prescribes how the Act’s cross‑border processes must operate in practice in relation to specific NZ legislation, certain NZ insolvency orders, RBA exchange rates, and the operational capacities of Australian courts and registries. Practitioners must therefore read the regulation alongside the Act, the listed NZ statutes, and the relevant Australian court procedural rules to understand rights and obligations in a given matter.
Amendment history
The regulation text supplied identifies the instrument as the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Regulation 2012 (s 1). The document provided contains no express schedule of amendments, nor any marginal notes recording subsequent changes; it presents the regulations and the contained Forms as operative text. There is no amendment chronology, commencement schedule or repeal/replacement history in the provided text. In short, the material available to this analysis does not record any amendments, variations or legislative history beyond the regulation’s title and the content of its parts and forms.
What can be observed from the regulation itself is that it is drafted to work with the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 and implements numerous cross‑references to that Act (for example to subsections and paragraphs such as 11(1), 17, 25(d), 29(1)(b), 32(2)(b), 44(1)(b), 47(1)(b), 49(1)(b), 63(2)(c), 66, 67, 69, and 73). The regulation therefore appears intended as a companion instrument to the 2010 Act; the date element in the instrument’s name (2012) suggests it was made to follow the Act’s passage. Absent any amending text or version annotations within the supplied document, this note cannot record later changes or repeals: any subsequent amending instruments, consolidations or revocations are not present in the source provided.
For practical purposes, users must assume the regulation as provided is an enacted instrument with the exact content quoted. If practitioners need the full legislative history (for example, to check amendments made after initial commencement, to determine transitional provisions, or to verify current in force text), they must consult an authorised legislative database or the published version on the Federal Register of Legislation. The present analysis does not invent or assert any amendment chronology beyond the instrument’s title and provisions as supplied.
Litigation history
The regulation text supplied does not include any judicial consideration, case citations or references to litigation that interprets or applies its provisions. None of the forms, sections or notes within the provided material cites a decision or summarises a judicial determination concerning how the regulation operates in practice.
Because the supplied instrument is a procedural regulation that prescribes forms and lists of jurisdictions, its litigation history , if any , would appear in separate case law under the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 or in cases concerning the particular courts’ exercise of powers. That material is not included in the regulation text provided. Therefore this note reports no litigation history for the regulation itself based on the source text.
Practitioners seeking reported decisions about points in this regulation (for example, construction of what constitutes adequate service under s 9 of the Act as read with s 5 of the regulation; disputes over whether a particular NZ order is registrable in light of s 16; or challenges to the application of the subpoena notice provisions in Form 4) should consult case law databases and the decisions of Australian and New Zealand courts applying the Act and this regulation. The regulation itself contains no editorial summaries of litigation, and the supplied text contains no citations to judicial decisions.
Gotchas
This regulation contains a number of practical traps and details that can be overlooked if a practitioner scans only the Act. The following items are drawn from the regulation text and its Forms.
30 working‑day limits: Both Form 1 (service in NZ) and Form 6 (notice of registration) impose 30 working days as the period within which a defendant may apply for a stay or respond, and within which a liable person must apply to set aside registration or seek a stay of enforcement. The Forms do note that if the Australian commencement court’s procedural rules would allow a longer period for filing in the case of service within Australia, that longer period replaces 30 working days (Form 1 footnote). Practitioners must therefore check both the 30‑working‑day requirement and the receiving court’s procedural rules to ascertain the applicable deadline.
Physical filing of authenticated judgment copies after electronic filing: Section 17(2)(a)-(b) allows an application for registration to be filed by fax or email where the court can accept those methods, but requires a sealed, certified or otherwise authenticated copy of the NZ judgment to be physically filed at the court in hard copy either with the application or, if the application was filed by fax or email, within 15 working days after filing. The 15‑working‑day hard‑copy requirement is easily missed and failure to supply the authenticated copy within that window could render the application defective.
Subpoena compliance conditions: Form 4 prescribes that witnesses served in NZ must be offered or given enough money or vouchers to meet reasonable expenses of compliance before compliance can be required. That means issuing parties must budget, arrange and provide upfront funds or vouchers for travel and accommodation before a subpoena can properly compel attendance, or else the witness may have grounds to refuse. Practitioners must also ensure that the subpoena is accompanied by a copy of the order granting leave to serve in NZ and complies with any conditions in that order (Form 4, “Your obligations”).
Grounds for setting aside subpoenas: Form 4 sets out statutory and discretionary grounds on which the court must or may set aside a subpoena (for example, inability to obtain travel documents within the compliance period, risk of detention for sentence, prosecution exposure, or that evidence can be obtained satisfactorily by other means without significantly greater expense). These specific grounds should be addressed directly in any application to set aside and are narrower in some respects than general objections to burden or relevance.
Exchange‑rate mechanism: Section 18 fixes the conversion day exchange rate to the Reserve Bank of Australia’s published rate. That mechanistic rule may produce exchange outcomes different from market mid‑rates on the day or from other published sources. Practitioners must use the RBA published rate for conversion calculations required by the Act and regulation.
Registrable exclusions for insolvency orders: Section 16 excludes certain NZ orders made under the Insolvency (Cross‑border) Act 2006 (NZ) and NZ domestic insolvency laws from being registrable NZ judgments. If a creditor seeks registration of a NZ order that relates to cross‑border insolvency recognition or to NZ orders that are to be recognised under Australia’s Cross‑Border Insolvency Act 2008, those orders may not be registrable under the simplified pathway. That can affect enforcement strategy in cross‑border insolvency contexts.
Notice methods for registered judgments: Section 19(2) prescribes only two methods for giving notice of registration to a liable person: registered post to the last known address or handing the notice to the person. Electronic methods are not authorised by s 19(2) in the provided text. Practitioners relying on email or other electronic service should therefore confirm whether such methods comply with the receiving court’s rules, because the regulation itself prescribes particular physical methods.
Prescribed lists of courts and tribunals: Sections 8-14 contain extensive lists of Australian courts and tribunals prescribed for different functions. Practitioners must map each Act power to the relevant section of the regulation to know which court is available. For example, a tribunal permitted to host remote appearances unrelated to remote evidence (s 12) differs from the list of courts that can handle remote evidence (s 13). Misidentifying the suitable court or tribunal can lead to an application made to an unprescribed body.
Form content obligations: Form 1 requires a defendant’s appearance or response to contain an Australian or NZ address for service. Failure to include a valid address in Australia or NZ may affect subsequent service of documents and the defendant’s ability to be reached. Practitioners should ensure the address requirement is met when drafting responses.
Costs and currencies: Form 5 asks whether the applicant wants the judgment registered in the foreign currency in which it was given or in another currency, and requests particulars of amounts and interest according to the NZ law under which the judgment was given. Currency selection and interest calculations are therefore choices that must be made and documented, and must use the RBA rate on the conversion day (s 18). Errors in currency choice or interest calculation can affect the enforceable sum.
These “gotchas” are procedural and operational; they are matters of compliance and logistics that, if overlooked, can cause applications to be delayed, set aside or rendered ineffective.
How to comply
Below are practical, section‑and‑form‑specific checklists and steps for the main pathways created by the regulation. Citations refer to the regulation text and its Forms.
A. Serving initiating documents in New Zealand (s 5; Form 1)
Ensure the initiating document served in NZ under s 9 of the Act contains or is accompanied by the notice in Form 1 (s 5).
Draft Form 1 with precise information: identify the Australian commencement court or tribunal, attach names of the attached initiating documents, and include the name of the appearance or response document required (Form 1).
Make clear to the recipient the deadlines: 30 working days to apply for a stay and to respond (Form 1). Confirm whether the Australian court’s procedural rules provide a longer period; if so, use that longer period (Form 1 footnote).
Advise the defendant that any appearance or response must contain an Australian or NZ address for service (Form 1).
Maintain proof of service in NZ and retain evidence that Form 1 accompanied the initiating document.
B. Applying for a hearing of a stay application and requesting remote appearance (ss 6-7; Forms 2-3)
If a defendant wishes a hearing on a s 17 stay application, use Form 2 to notify the Registrar and other parties (s 6; Form 2). Complete the form to indicate who requests the hearing and sign appropriately.
If a defendant seeks to appear remotely under paragraph 18(4)(b) of the Act, use Form 3 (s 7; Form 3). Ensure Form 3 records whether the defendant was served in NZ, the availability of remote appearance media, the place in NZ from which the appearance will be made, the facilities to be used, and an estimate of time required.
Liaise with the Australian commencement court’s registrar to confirm remote hearing logistics and to ensure technology requirements are met.
C. Interim relief (s 8)
Identify which Australian court is prescribed for interim relief under paragraph 25(d) of the Act by consulting s 8.
File applications for interim relief in one of the courts listed in s 8, making sure local procedural rules and filing methods are followed.
D. Subpoenas served in New Zealand (ss 9, 10, 11; Form 4)
Confirm the issuing court or tribunal is among those prescribed for Division 2 of Part 5 of the Act in s 9(1) and s 9(2).
Ensure the subpoena served in NZ is accompanied by the notice in Form 4 (s 10; Form 4).
Before serving a subpoena in NZ, arrange for money or vouchers sufficient to meet the witness’s reasonable expenses and ensure they will be given within a reasonable time before the date for compliance , Form 4 makes payment a prerequisite to compelled compliance.
Include with the subpoena a copy of the order by a judge giving leave to serve the subpoena in NZ and ensure service occurs on or before the date specified in that order (Form 4, “Your obligations”).
If the subpoena only requires production of documents or things, consider compliance via production at a registry of the High Court of New Zealand not later than 10 days before the date specified for production, noting the witness will bear the cost of sending the documents to the issuing court unless arrangements state otherwise (Form 4).
Be prepared to respond to applications to set aside; address the mandatory set‑aside grounds and other discretionary grounds listed in Form 4.
E. Receipt of documents and things required by subpoena (s 11)
If you are arranging production or receipt of documents required by a subpoena served in NZ, confirm the prescribed Australian courts and registries shown in s 11(1)-(2) and send the documents or things to the specified registry.
Ensure cost arrangements for sending documents from NZ to Australia are covered by the money provided to the witness as allowed by Form 4.
F. Remote appearances and remote evidence (ss 12-13)
Consult s 12 for tribunals prescribed for remote appearances unrelated to remote evidence, and s 13 for State/Territory courts and tribunals prescribed for remote evidence‑related appearances.
Confirm whether the receiving court or tribunal has facilities or can reasonably make facilities available for remote appearance, as required when a defendant requests a remote appearance under s 7/Form 3.
G. Assistance to NZ courts and tribunals (s 14)
If assisting a NZ court under s 63 of the Act, consult s 14 to know which Australian courts and tribunals are prescribed to provide assistance and the functions they may undertake.
H. Registration of NZ judgments (s 17; Form 5)
Use Form 5 to apply to register a NZ judgment (s 17(1); Form 5).
If filing electronically (fax or email) where the receiving court can accept that method, ensure a sealed, certified or otherwise authenticated copy of the NZ judgment is physically filed at the court within 15 working days of application filing (s 17(2)(a)-(b)).
In Form 5 indicate whether the applicant wants the judgment registered in the foreign currency in which it was given or another currency, and provide particulars of the amount, balance, and interest under the NZ law that gave the judgment (Form 5).
I. Rate of exchange (s 18)
For conversion day calculations, use the Reserve Bank of Australia’s published rate for the relevant conversion day (s 18). Ensure the correct RBA rate is recorded and used in currency conversions.
J. Notice of registration (s 19; Form 6)
Once a judgment is registered, give each liable person the prescribed notice in Form 6 (s 19(1); Form 6).
Deliver that notice either by registered post to the liable person’s last known address or by handing the notice to the person (s 19(2)). Do not rely on unprescribed electronic methods unless local court rules permit or supplement the regulation’s methods.
If a liable person seeks to set aside registration or stay enforcement, note the 30‑working‑day window set out in Form 6 and prepare any application within that timeframe.
K. Miscellaneous operational checks
For any filing, confirm the receiving court or tribunal’s capacity to accept fax/email and any local procedural rules that vary the timeframes or notice methods mentioned in the regulation.
For subpoenas and witness compliance, budget for reasonable expenses and provide the funds/vouchers in a timely manner as required by Form 4.
For cross‑border insolvency matters, verify whether a NZ order falls within the s 16 exclusions before attempting registration under the Act; if an order relates to recognition under NZ Insolvency (Cross‑border) legislation or is subject to recognition in Australia under the Cross‑Border Insolvency Act 2008, registration may be excluded.
Following these steps and matching them to the specific regulation sections and forms will align practice with the operational demands of the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Regulation 2012 as supplied. Where the receiving Australian court’s procedural rules provide variance, reconcile the regulation’s prescriptions with the local rules before filing or serving documents.
8 Australian courts to which application for interim relief may be made
For paragraph 25(d) of the Act, the following Australian courts are prescribed:
(a) Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2);
(b) County Court (Victoria);
(c) Magistrates’ Court of Victoria;
(d) District Court of Queensland;
(e) Magistrates Courts (Queensland);
(f) The District Court of Western Australia;
(g) Magistrates Court (Western Australia);
(h) Family Court of Western Australia;
(i) Magistrates Court (Australian Capital Territory);
(j) Local Court (Northern Territory).
Part 5 Subpoenas
Part 5—Subpoenas
9 Australian courts and tribunals to which Division 2 of Part 5 of the Act applies
9 Australian courts and tribunals to which Division 2 of Part 5 of the Act applies
(1) For paragraph 29(1)(b) of the Act, the following State and Territory courts are prescribed:
(a) Supreme Court of New South Wales;
(b) District Court of New South Wales;
(c) Local Court of New South Wales;
(d) Children’s Court of New South Wales;
(e) Dust Diseases Tribunal of New South Wales;
(f) Supreme Court of the State of Victoria;
(g) County Court (Victoria);
(h) Magistrates’ Court of Victoria;
(i) Supreme Court of Queensland;
(j) District Court of Queensland;
(k) Magistrates Courts (Queensland);
(l) Planning and Environment Court (Queensland);
(m) Land Court (Queensland);
(n) Childrens Court of Queensland;
(o) Industrial Court of Queensland;
(p) Supreme Court of Western Australia;
(q) The District Court of Western Australia;
(r) Magistrates Court of Western Australia;
(s) Family Court of Western Australia;
(t) Supreme Court of South Australia;
(u) District Court of South Australia;
(v) Magistrates Court of South Australia;
(w) Supreme Court of Tasmania;
(x) Magistrates Court (Civil Division) (Tasmania);
(y) Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory;
(z) Magistrates Court (Australian Capital Territory);
(za) Supreme Court of the Northern Territory of Australia;
(zb) Local Court (Northern Territory);
(zc) Court of Summary Jurisdiction (Northern Territory);
(zd) Youth Justice Court (Northern Territory);
(ze) Work Health Court (Northern Territory).
(2) For paragraph 29(1)(c) of the Act, the following Australian tribunals are prescribed:
(a) Administrative Review Tribunal (Commonwealth);
(b) Trans‑Tasman IP Attorneys Disciplinary Tribunal (Commonwealth).
10 Notice to accompany subpoena
10 Notice to accompany subpoena
For paragraph 32(2)(b) of the Act, Form 4 is prescribed.
11 Receipt of documents and things required by subpoena
11 Receipt of documents and things required by subpoena
(1) For paragraph 44(1)(b) of the Act, the following State and Territory courts are prescribed, and for subsection 44(2) of the Act, each registry of those courts is specified:
(a) Supreme Court of New South Wales;
(b) Local Court of New South Wales;
(c) Children’s Court of New South Wales;
(d) Dust Diseases Tribunal of New South Wales;
(e) Supreme Court of the State of Victoria;
(f) Country Court (Victoria);
(g) Supreme Court of Queensland;
(h) Supreme Court of Western Australia;
(i) The District Court of Western Australia;
(j) Magistrates Court of Western Australia;
(k) Family Court of Western Australia;
(l) Supreme Court of South Australia.
(2) In addition, the following courts are prescribed, and the registries mentioned for those courts are specified:
(a) Launceston and Burnie registries of the Supreme Court of Tasmania;
(b) Darwin and Alice Springs registries of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory of Australia;
(c) Darwin, Alice Springs, Katherine, Tennant Creek and Nhulunbuy registries of the Local Court (Northern Territory);
(d) Darwin, Alice Springs, Katherine, Tennant Creek and Nhulunbuy registries of the Court of Summary Jurisdiction (Northern Territory).
Part 6 Remote appearances
Part 6—Remote appearances
12 Remote appearances unrelated to remote evidence
12 Remote appearances unrelated to remote evidence
For paragraph 47(1)(b) of the Act, the following Australian tribunals are prescribed:
(aa) Administrative Review Tribunal (Commonwealth);
(ab) Trans‑Tasman IP Attorneys Disciplinary Tribunal (Commonwealth);
(a) Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal;
(b) Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal;
(c) State Administrative Tribunal in Western Australia;
(d) ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal.
13 Remote appearances related to remote evidence
13 Remote appearances related to remote evidence
(1) For paragraph 49(1)(b) of the Act, the following State and Territory courts are prescribed:
(a) Supreme Court of New South Wales;
(b) District Court of New South Wales;
(c) Local Court of New South Wales;
(d) Children’s Court of New South Wales;
(e) Dust Diseases Tribunal of New South Wales;
(f) Supreme Court of the State of Victoria;
(g) County Court (Victoria);
(h) Magistrates’ Court of Victoria;
(i) Supreme Court of Queensland;
(j) District Court of Queensland;
(k) Magistrates Courts (Queensland);
(l) Planning and Environment Court (Queensland);
(m) Land Court (Queensland);
(n) Childrens Court of Queensland;
(o) Industrial Court of Queensland;
(p) Supreme Court of Western Australia;
(q) The District Court of Western Australia;
(r) Magistrates Court of Western Australia;
(s) Family Court of Western Australia;
(t) Supreme Court of South Australia;
(u) District Court of South Australia;
(v) Magistrates Court of South Australia;
(w) Supreme Court of Tasmania;
(x) Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory;
(y) Magistrates Court (Australian Capital Territory);
(z) Supreme Court of the Northern Territory of Australia;
(za) Local Court (Northern Territory);
(zb) Court of Summary Jurisdiction (Northern Territory);
(zc) Youth Justice Court (Northern Territory);
(zd) Work Health Court (Northern Territory).
(2) For paragraph 49(1)(c) of the Act, the following Australian tribunals are prescribed:
(a) Administrative Review Tribunal (Commonwealth);
(b) Trans‑Tasman IP Attorneys Disciplinary Tribunal (Commonwealth).
14 Courts and tribunals that may provide assistance to NZ courts and tribunals
14 Courts and tribunals that may provide assistance to NZ courts and tribunals
(1) For paragraph 63(2)(c) of the Act, the following State and Territory courts are prescribed:
(a) Supreme Court of New South Wales;
(b) Local Court of New South Wales;
(c) Children’s Court of New South Wales;
(d) Dust Diseases Tribunal of New South Wales;
(e) Supreme Court of the State of Victoria;
(f) County Court (Victoria);
(g) Magistrates’ Court of Victoria;
(h) Supreme Court of Queensland;
(i) Supreme Court of Western Australia;
(j) The District Court of Western Australia;
(k) Magistrates Court of Western Australia;
(l) Family Court of Western Australia;
(m) Supreme Court of South Australia;
(n) Supreme Court of Tasmania;
(o) Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory;
(p) Supreme Court of the Northern Territory of Australia;
(q) Local Court (Northern Territory);
(r) Court of Summary Jurisdiction (Northern Territory).
(2) For paragraph 63(2)(d) of the Act, the following Australian tribunals are prescribed:
(a) Administrative Review Tribunal (Commonwealth);
(b) Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal.
Part 7 Recognition and enforcement of judgments
Part 7—Recognition and enforcement of judgments
15 Regulatory regime criminal fines
15 Regulatory regime criminal fines
(1) For the definition of regulatory regime criminal fine in section 4 of the Act, a regulatory regime criminal fine is a fine for a criminal offence under:
(a) a provision of the following NZ Acts:
(i) Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act 1997 (NZ);
(ia) Auditor Regulation Act 2011 (NZ);
(ii) Companies Act 1993 (NZ);
(iii) Credit Contracts and Consumer Finance Act 2003 (NZ);
(iv) Fair Trading Act 1986 (NZ);
(iva) Financial Advisers Act 2008 (NZ);
(v) Financial Markets Authority Act 2011 (NZ);
(va) Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (NZ);
(vb) Financial Reporting Act 2013 (NZ);
(vi) Financial Reporting Act 1993 (NZ);
(vii) Financial Service Providers (Registration and Dispute Resolution) Act 2008 (NZ);
(viia) Food Act 2014 (NZ);
(viii) Food Act 1981 (NZ);
(ix) Insurance (Prudential Supervision) Act 2010 (NZ);
(x) Securities Act 1978 (NZ);
(xi) Securities Markets Act 1988 (NZ);
(xii) Takeovers Act 1993 (NZ);
(xiii) Unit Trusts Act 1960 (NZ);
(b) a provision of the Commerce Act 1986 (NZ), other than a provision in Subpart 9 or 10 of Part 4;
(c) subsection 54(1) or (2) of the Health and Disability Services (Safety) Act 2001 (NZ);
(d) one or more of the following provisions of the Medicines Act 1981 (NZ):
(i) sections 17, 20, 24, 36, 38, 41, 42, 59 and 78;
(ii) subsection 18(5);
(e) a provision in Part 4, 5 or 5D of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act 1989 (NZ).
(2) The reference in subsection (1) to a provision (an Act provision) includes a reference to any provision of any subordinate legislation (however described) that is made:
(a) under a NZ Act; and
(b) in connection with, or for the purposes of, the Act provision.
(3) Subsection (1) applies even if the criminal offence under the provision relates to a contravention of, or relates to a fine in or calculated under, or is extended in its application or operation by, any other provision in or made under a NZ Act.
16 Judgments that are not registrable NZ judgments
16 Judgments that are not registrable NZ judgments
For paragraph 66(2)(j) of the Act, a judgment is not a registrable NZ judgment if it relates wholly or in part to an order made by a NZ court:
(a) under the Insolvency (Cross‑border) Act 2006 (NZ):
(i) recognising an Australian or foreign (other than NZ) proceeding; or
(ii) providing a discretionary remedy in relation to an Australian or foreign proceeding, if the order is made:
(A) on or after the filing of an application for recognition of the proceeding and before the application is decided; or
(B) on or after recognition of the proceeding; or
(b) under NZ domestic insolvency laws—commencing a proceeding and appointing a representative, if the order is subject to recognition in Australia under the Cross‑Border Insolvency Act 2008.
17 Application for registration of NZ judgment
17 Application for registration of NZ judgment
(1) For paragraph 67(5)(a) of the Act, Form 5 is prescribed.
(2) For paragraph 67(5)(b) of the Act:
(a) if the court is able to receive an application by fax or email—the application may be filed by fax or email; and
(b) a sealed, certified or otherwise authenticated copy of the NZ judgment must be physically filed at the court in hard copy:
(i) with the application; or
(ii) if the application is filed by facsimile or email—within 15 working days after the application is filed.
18 Rate of exchange
18 Rate of exchange
For subsection 69(2) of the Act, the rate of exchange on the conversion day, within the meaning of paragraph 69(1)(b) of the Act, is the rate of exchange published for that day by the Reserve Bank of Australia.
Note: The Reserve Bank of Australia exchange rate is published at www.rba.gov.au.
19 Notice of registration of NZ judgment
19 Notice of registration of NZ judgment
(1) For paragraph 73(2)(a) of the Act, Form 6 is prescribed.
(2) For paragraph 73(2)(b) of the Act, the notice must be given to each liable person by:
(a) delivering the notice by registered post to the liable person’s last known address; or
(b) handing the notice to the liable person.
Form 1—Notice to defendant served in NZ Form 1—Notice to defendant served in NZ
Form 1—Notice to defendant served in NZ
Note: (section 5)
Please read this notice and the attached document(s) very carefully.
If you have any trouble understanding these documents, you should get legal advice as soon as possible.
The plaintiff has commenced a proceeding against you in the [Australian commencement court or tribunal]. Attached to this notice is a/are [name(s) of document(s)] (‘the attached document(s)’) filed in the [Australian commencement court or tribunal].
Service of the attached document(s) in NZ is authorised by the Trans‑Tasman Proceedings Act 2010 (Cth).
Consequences of the attached document(s) being served on you
The [Australian commencement court or tribunal] can consider, and make a decision on, any claim set out in the attached document(s).
The [Australian commencement court or tribunal]’s decision on this claim (its judgment) may be enforced in Australia or NZ.
Your rights to apply for the proceeding to be stayed
If a court in NZ is the more appropriate court to decide the claim set out in the attached document(s), you may be able to have the proceeding stayed by applying to the [Australian commencement court or tribunal]. If the proceeding is stayed, the claim cannot proceed in the [Australian commencement court or tribunal].
You have 30 working days from the day on which you are served with the attached document(s) to apply for the proceeding to be stayed.
If you think the proceeding should be stayed, it is recommended you get legal advice as soon as possible.
Contesting this claim
If you want to contest this claim, you must take any action set out in the attached document(s) as bei
This is an opening excerpt, not the complete document.