243Denial of allegations to be pleaded

243 Denial of allegations to be pleaded

(1)  Unless otherwise provided in these rules, a party must not generally deny or refuse to admit the facts alleged in a pleading or any part of a pleading but must deal specifically with each allegation of fact which the party does not admit.

(2)  A party is not required to plead to facts alleged by way of particulars of damage.

(3)  Unless expressly admitted, particulars of damage are put in issue in all cases.

(4)  A refusal to admit a fact alleged in a pleading must identify the fact specifically.

(5)  In an action for a debt or liquidated demand –

(a) a mere denial of the debt is not permitted; and

(b) a defence in denial must deny the matters of fact from which liability for the debt or liquidated demand is alleged to arise.

(6)  In an action on a bill of exchange, promissory note or cheque, a defence in denial must deny some matter of fact such as the drawing, making, endorsing, accepting, presenting or notice of dishonour.