482Pleadings—joinder of issue

482 Pleadings—joinder of issue (1) A pleading may expressly join issue on a previous pleading. an express denial (2) An express joinder of issue on a pleading operates as a denial of every allegation of fact made in the pleading other than an allegation that is expressly admitted. (3) If there is no reply by a plaintiff to a defence, there is an implied joinder of issue on the defence. (4) If there is no answer by the opposite party to a reply or subsequent pleading, there is an implied joinder of issue on the reply or subsequent pleading. (5) An implied joinder of issue on a pleading operates as a denial of every allegation of fact made in the pleading.