Part 1.2—Interpretation

## Part 13—The Corporations Law #### 82 The Corporations Law The Corporations Law is as follows: The Corporations Law Chapter 1—Introductory ## Part 1.1—Preliminary #### 1 Citation This Law may be referred to as the Corporations Law. #### 2 Commission has general administration of this Law Subject to the ASIC Law of this jurisdiction, the Commission has the general administration of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction. ## Part 1.2—Interpretation ### Division 1—General #### 6 Effect of this Part (1) The provisions of this Part have effect for the purposes of this Law, except so far as the contrary intention appears in this Law. (2) This Part applies for the purposes of: (a) Part 5.7; (b) Chapter 5 as applying by virtue of Part 5.7; and (c) Part 9.2; as if a reference in this Part to a person or to a body corporate included a reference to a Part 5.7 body. (3) This Part applies for the purposes of Chapter 6 as if a reference in this Part to a body corporate included a reference to a Chapter 6 body. (4) Where, because of Part 11.2, provisions of this Law, as in force at a particular time, continue to apply: (a) in relation to someone or something; or (b) for particular purposes; then, for the purposes of those provisions as so applying: (c) this Part as in force at that time continues to have effect; and (d) this Part as in force at a later time does not have effect. #### 7 Location of other interpretation provisions (1) Most of the interpretation provisions for this Law are in this Part. (2) However, interpretation provisions relevant only to Chapters 6, 7 and 8, respectively, are to be found at the beginning of those Chapters. (3) Also, interpretation provisions relevant to a particular Part, Division or Subdivision may be found at the beginning of that Part, Division or Subdivision. (4) Occasionally, an individual section contains its own interpretation provisions, not necessarily at the beginning. #### 8 How to read references to provisions of this Law (1) The object of this section is to help ensure that the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction operates, so far as possible, as if that Law, together with the Corporations Law of each jurisdiction other than this jurisdiction, constituted a single national Corporations Law applying of its own force throughout Australia. (2) A reference to this Law is a reference to this Law or the Corporations Law of another jurisdiction. (3) A reference to a provision of this Law is a reference to that provision or the corresponding provision of the Corporations Law of another jurisdiction. (4) Subsections (2) and (3) have effect: (a) except so far as the contrary intention appears or the context otherwise requires; and (b) except as prescribed. (5) Without limiting subsection (4): (a) subsection (2) does not apply in relation to a reference to this Law that is expressed as a reference to the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction; and (b) subsection (3) does not apply in relation to a reference to a provision of this Law that is expressed as a reference to that provision of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction; and (c) neither subsection (2) nor (3) applies to a reference in: (i) this section; or (ii) section 8A, 58, 58A or 58B; or (iii) Division 9, 10 or 11 of this Part; or (iv) Part 1.3; or (v) Chapter 2A (except subsection 113(3)); or (vi) Chapter 2E (except subsection 213(2)); or (vii) Chapter 2K (except section 273); or (viii) Part 5B.1 or Part 5B.2 (except section 601CX); or (ix) Part 5.7; or (ixa) Chapter 5C; or (x) Division 2 of Part 7.3; or (xi) section 703; or (xii) Division 3 or 4 of Part 7.11; or (xiv) Division 2 of Part 8.3; or (xv) Part 9.10 or 11.1. #### 8A Corporations Regulations, and application orders, of a jurisdiction treated as part of that jurisdiction’s Corporations Law (1) Except in subsection 8(3) or Part 1.3, a reference to this Law includes a reference to the regulations and the application orders. (2) A reference in Part 1.3 to this Law includes a reference to the regulations. (3) Subject to this section, a reference to the Corporations Law of a jurisdiction includes a reference to: (a) the Corporations Regulations of that jurisdiction; and (b) the application orders under section 111A of that Law. (4) A reference to a provision of this Law includes a reference to the application orders (if any) in force for the purposes of that provision. (5) A reference to a provision of the Corporations Law of a jurisdiction includes a reference to the application orders (if any) under section 111A of that Law that are in force for the purposes of the first‑mentioned provision. (6) No earlier subsection of this section applies in relation to a reference in this section. #### 9 Dictionary Unless the contrary intention appears: A > AASB means the Australian Accounting Standards Board. > Account means the Companies Unclaimed Money Account established by section 71 of the Corporations Act 1989. > accounting standard, means: (a) an instrument in force under section 334; or (b) a provision of such an instrument as it so has effect. > ACN (short for “Australian Company Number”) is the number given by ASIC to a company on registration (see sections 118 and 601BD). > acquire: (a) in relation to a futures contract—has the meaning given by sections 23, 26, 27 and 28; (b) in relation to shares—has, in Chapter 7, the meaning given by subsection 51(1). > act includes thing. > Act means: (a) except in relation to a jurisdiction—an Act of the Commonwealth; and (b) in relation to a jurisdiction: (i) in the case of a State—an Act passed by the Parliament of that State; or (ii) in the case of the Northern Territory—an Act of the Northern Territory; or (iii) in the case of the Capital Territory—an Act or Ordinance of the Capital Territory. > adjustment agreement means a standardised agreement the effect of which is that: (a) a particular person will either be under a Chapter 8 obligation to pay, or will have a Chapter 8 right to receive, an amount of money; (b) whether the person will be under such an obligation to pay, or will have such a right to receive, the amount of money will depend on a particular state of affairs existing at a particular future time, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, a state of affairs that relates to fluctuations in the value or price of a commodity or other property, or in an index or other factor; and (c) the amount of money will be calculated in a particular manner by reference to that state of affairs; whether or not the agreement has any other effect or is capable of being varied or discharged before that future time. > administration, in relation to a body corporate, has, in the case of a company or recognised company, the meaning given by: (a) section 435C or a corresponding law; and (b) section 1381 or a corresponding law. > administrator: (a) in relation to a body corporate but not in relation to a deed of company arrangement: (i) means an administrator of the body appointed under Part 5.3A; and (ii) has a meaning affected by section 1381; and (iii) if 2 or more persons are appointed under that Part as administrators of the body or entity—has a meaning affected by paragraph 451A(2)(b); or (b) in relation to a deed of company arrangement: (i) means an administrator of the deed appointed under Part 5.3A; and (ii) if 2 or more persons are appointed under that Part as administrators of the deed—has a meaning affected by paragraph 451B(2)(b). > admit to quotation: securities are admitted to quotation on a stock market of a securities exchange if the exchange has given unconditional permission for quotation of the securities on the stock market. > Advisory Committee means the Companies and Securities Advisory Committee established by section 145 of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 1989. > affairs, in relation to a body corporate, has, in the provisions referred to in section 53, a meaning affected by that section. > affidavit includes affirmation. > agency means an agency, authority, body or person. > AGM means an annual general meeting of a company that section 250N requires to be held. > agreement means: (a) in Chapter 6 or 7—a relevant agreement; or (b) in Chapter 8—a Chapter 8 agreement. > amount includes a nil amount and zero. > ancillary offence, in relation to another offence, means an offence against: (a) section 5, 6, 7 or 7A of the Crimes Act 1914; or (b) subsection 86(1) of that Act by virtue of paragraph 86(1)(a) of that Act; or (c) such a provision of the Crimes Act 1914 as it applies as a law of this jurisdiction; being an offence that is related to that other offence. > annual return: (a) of a company—means the return that subsection 345(1) requires the company to lodge with ASIC; and (b) of a registered managed investment scheme—means the return that subsection 345(2) requires the responsible entity of the scheme to lodge with ASIC. > another jurisdiction means a jurisdiction other than this jurisdiction. > application order means an order under section 111A of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction. > appoint includes re‑appoint. > appropriate dealer for a market bid means a member of the relevant securities exchange. > approved foreign bank, in relation to a member of a futures organisation, means a bank, established by or under the law of a foreign country, in relation to which there is in force an approval given by the futures organisation in accordance with its business rules (within the meaning of Chapter 8). > approved securities organisation means a body corporate in relation to which an approval under section 770 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction is in force. > APRA means the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. > arbitrage transaction means a purchase or sale of securities effected in the ordinary course of trading on a stock market together with an offsetting sale or purchase of those securities effected at the same time, or at as nearly the same time as practicable, in the ordinary course of trading on another stock market for the purpose of obtaining a profit from the difference between the prices of those securities in the 2 stock markets. > ARBN (short for “Australian Registered Body Number”) is the number given by ASIC to a registrable body on registration under Part 5B.2. > arrangement, in Part 5.1, includes a reorganisation of the share capital of a body corporate by the consolidation of shares of different classes, by the division of shares into shares of different classes, or by both of those methods. > ARSN (short for “Australian Registered Scheme Number”) is the number given by ASIC to a registered scheme on registration (see section 601EB). > ASIC means the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. > ASIC database means so much of the national companies database kept by ASIC as consists of: (a) some or all of a register kept by ASIC under this Law; or (b) information set out in a document lodged under this Law; but does not include ASIC’s document imaging system. > assets means: (a) in relation to the holder of a futures brokers licence—all the assets of the holder, whether or not used in connection with a business of dealing in futures contracts; and (b) in relation to the holder of a dealers licence—all the assets of the holder, whether or not used in connection with a securities business. > associate: The following are the associates of a bidder making a takeover offer, a substantial holder or a 90% holder: (a) if the bidder or holder is a body corporate: (i) a body corporate it controls; or (ii) a body corporate that controls it; or (iii) a body corporate that is controlled by an entity that controls it (b) a person with whom the bidder or holder has, or proposes to enter into, a relevant agreement for the purpose of controlling or influencing the composition of the body’s board or the conduct of the body’s affairs (c) a person with whom the bidder or holder is acting, or proposes to act, in concert in relation to the body’s affairs. Otherwise a person’s associates are determined under sections 10 to 17. > ASX means Australian Stock Exchange Limited. > Australia includes the coastal sea of each jurisdiction but does not include an external Territory. > Australian ADI means: (a) an ADI (authorised deposit‑taking institution) within the meaning of the Banking Act 1959; and (b) a person who carries on State banking within the meaning of paragraph 51(xiii) of the Constitution. > Australian bank means: (a) a bank as defined in section 5 of the Banking Act 1959; or (b) a bank constituted by or under a law of a State or Territory; > Australian company law means: (a) this Act; or (b) the company law of a State or Territory; > Australian court means a federal court or a court of a State or Territory. > Australian law means a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory. > Australian register of a foreign company means a branch register of members kept under section 601CM. > authorised trustee corporation means a body corporate that is declared by the regulations to be an authorised trustee corporation for the purposes of the provision in which the expression appears. B > banker’s books means: (a) books of an Australian ADI, including documents used in the ordinary business of an Australian ADI; (b) cheques, orders for the payment of money, bills of exchange and promissory notes in an Australian ADI’s possession; (c) scrip in an Australian ADI’s possession, whether by way of pledge or otherwise; or (d) documents that create or evidence futures contracts and are in an Australian ADI’s possession. > banking corporation means a body corporate that carries on, as its sole or principal business, the business of banking (other than State banking not extending beyond the limits of the State concerned). > bank or banker includes, but is not limited to, a body corporate that is an ADI (authorised deposit‑taking institution) for the purposes of the Banking Act 1959. > banning order means: (a) in section 835 or 836—an order by the Commission in force under Division 5 of Part 7.3; and (b) in any other provision of Chapter 7—an order by the Commission in force under Division 5 of Part 7.3 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction; and (c) in section 1199 or 1199A—an order by the Commission in force under Division 5 of Part 8.3; and (d) in any other provision of Chapter 8—an order by the Commission in force under Division 5 of Part 8.3 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction. > begin, in relation to a winding up, has the meaning given by Division 1A of Part 5.6. > benefit: (a) means any benefit, whether by way of payment of cash or otherwise; and (b) when used in Division 2 of Part 2D.2 (sections 200B to 1813)—means: (i) a payment or other valuable consideration; or (ii) an interest in property of any kind; and (iii) any other benefit. > bid class of securities for a takeover bid is the class of securities to which the securities being bid for belong. > bidder for a takeover bid means the person who makes or proposes to make, or each of the people who make or propose to make, the offers under the bid (whether personally or by an agent or nominee). > Note: The dealer who announces a market bid is not the bidder; the bidder is the person or people on whose behalf the announcement is made. > bidder’s statement means a bidder’s statement under sections 636 and 637 as supplemented. > bid period: (a) for an off‑market bid—starts when the bidder’s statement is given to the target and ends: (i) 1 month later if no offers are made under the bid; or (ii) at the end of the offer period; and (b) for a market bid—starts when the bid is announced to the relevant securities exchange and ends at the end of the offer period. > Board means: (b) in Part 7.10—the board of SEGC; or (c) in Part 9.2—the Companies Auditors and Liquidators Disciplinary Board established by section 202 of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 1989. > board, in relation to a body, means the committee of management, board of directors, council or other governing authority of the body. > board or managerial office (when used in Division 2 of Part 2D.2 (sections 200B to 1813) in relation to a body corporate) means: (a) an office of director of the body corporate; and (b) any other office in connection with the management of the body corporate’s affairs that is held by: (i) a person who also holds an office of director of the body corporate or a related body corporate; or (ii) a person who has held an office of director of the body corporate or a related body corporate at any time within the 12 months immediately before the loss of, or retirement from, that office. > body means a body corporate or an unincorporated body and includes, for example, a society or association. > body corporate: (a) includes a body corporate that is being wound up or has been dissolved; and (b) in this Chapter (except section 66A) and section 206E includes an unincorporated registrable body. > books includes: (a) a register; (b) any other record of information; (c) financial reports or financial records, however compiled, recorded or stored; and (d) a document. > borrower, in relation to a debenture, means the body that is or will be liable to repay money under the debenture. > bought position means: (a) in relation to a commodity agreement, or in relation to a futures contract, being a commodity agreement—the position of a person who, by virtue of the agreement, is under a Chapter 8 obligation to accept delivery in accordance with the agreement; or (b) in relation to a futures contract, being an adjustment agreement—the position of a person who, by virtue of the agreement: (i) will, if the value or worth of the agreement (as determined in accordance with the agreement) as at a particular future time is less by a particular amount than the value or worth of the agreement (as so determined) as at a particular earlier time, be under a Chapter 8 obligation to pay that amount; and (ii) will, if the value or worth of the agreement (as so determined) as at a particular future time exceeds by a particular amount the value or worth of the agreement (as so determined) as at a particular earlier time, have a Chapter 8 right to receive that amount. > business affairs, in relation to an entity, has a meaning affected by sections 53AA, 53AB, 53AC and 53AD. > business day means a day that is not a Saturday, a Sunday or a public holiday or bank holiday in the place concerned. > buy‑back by a company means the acquisition by the company of shares in itself. > buy‑back agreement by a company means an agreement by the company to buy back its own shares (whether the agreement is conditional or not). C > calendar month means a period commencing at the beginning of a day of one of the 12 months of the year and ending immediately before the beginning of the corresponding day of the next month or, if there is no such corresponding day, ending at the expiration of the next month. > calendar year means a period of 12 months commencing on 1 January. > Capital Territory means the Australian Capital Territory and the Jervis Bay Territory. > carry on has a meaning affected by Division 3. > cash management trust interest means an interest that: (a) is an interest in a registered scheme; and (b) relates to an undertaking of the kind commonly known as a cash management trust. > cause includes procure. > certified means: (a) in relation to a copy of, or extract from, a document—certified by a statement in writing to be a true copy of, or extract from, the document; or (b) in relation to a translation of a document—certified by a statement in writing to be a correct translation of the document into English. > Chapter 8 agreement means: (a) a relevant agreement; (b) a proposed relevant agreement; (c) a relevant agreement as varied, or as proposed to be varied; (d) where a relevant agreement has been varied—the relevant agreement as in force at any time before the variation; or (e) where a relevant agreement has been discharged—the relevant agreement as in force at any time before its discharge. > Chapter 8 obligation has the meaning given by section 55. > Chapter 8 right has the meaning given by section 55. > charge means a charge created in any way and includes a mortgage and an agreement to give or execute a charge or mortgage, whether on demand or otherwise. > chargeable matter means any of the following: (a) the lodgment of a document under the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction; (b) the registration of a document under that Law; (c) the inspection or search of a register kept by, or a document in the custody of, the Commission under that Law; (d) the making available by the Commission, under that Law, of information (whether in the form of a document or otherwise); (e) the production by the Commission, under a subpoena, of such a register or document; (f) the issuing of a document or of a copy of a document, the granting of a licence, consent or approval, or the doing of any other act, under that Law, by the Minister or the Commission; (g) the making of an inquiry of, or an application to, the Minister, or the Commission, in relation to a matter arising under that Law; (h) the submission to the Commission of a document for examination by the Commission; (i) the making of an application under that Law to the Panel; (j) the doing of any act by the Panel in dealing with an application under that Law to the Panel. > chargee means the holder of a charge and includes a person in whose favour a charge is to be given or executed, whether on demand or otherwise, under an agreement. > civil penalty disqualification has the meaning given by subsection 91(4A). > civil penalty order means any of the following: (a) a declaration of contravention under section 1317F (b) a pecuniary penalty order under section 1317G (c) a compensation order under section 1317H (d) an order under section 206C disqualifying a person from managing corporations. > civil penalty provision has the meaning given in subsection 1317E(1). > class has: (a) in relation to futures contracts—a meaning affected by subsection 72(3); and (b) in relation to shares or interests in a managed investment scheme—a meaning affected by section 57; and (c) when used in relation to securities for the purposes of Chapter 6, 6A or 6C—a meaning affected by subsection 605(2). > clearing house means: (a) in relation to a body corporate: (i) in any case—a person who provides, or proposes to provide, clearing house facilities for a futures market conducted by that body; or (ii) in the case of a futures exchange—a body corporate in relation to which an approval as a clearing house for that futures exchange is in force under subsection 1131(2) or is taken because of subsection 1131(4) to be in force; and (b) in relation to a futures market: (i) in any case—a person who provides, or proposes to provide, clearing house facilities for that futures market; or (ii) in the case of a futures market of a futures exchange—a body corporate in relation to which an approval as a clearing house for that futures exchange is in force under subsection 1131(2) or is taken because of subsection 1131(4) to be in force. > clearing house facilities, in relation to a futures market, means facilities for the registration of futures contracts acquired or disposed of on that futures market. > client, in relation to a futures broker, means, except in Division 2 of Part 8.3, a person on whose behalf the broker deals, or from whom the broker accepts instructions to deal, in futures contracts. > clients’ segregated account, in relation to a person who is a member of a futures organisation, means an account that: (a) the person maintains, whether in Australia or elsewhere, with: (i) an Australian ADI; or (ii) an approved foreign bank in relation to the person; and (b) is maintained for the sole purpose of containing money deposited by the person into the account under section 1209 or a corresponding previous law. > close out, in relation to a futures contract, means: (a) discharge the Chapter 8 obligations of the person in the bought position, or sold position, under the futures contract as a result of the matching up of the futures contract with a futures contract of the same kind under which the person has assumed an offsetting sold position, or offsetting bought position, as the case may be; or (b) otherwise discharge the Chapter 8 obligations of a party to the futures contract. > coastal sea: (a) in relation to Australia—means: (i) the territorial sea of Australia; and (ii) the sea on the landward side of the territorial sea of Australia and not within the limits of a State or internal Territory; and includes the airspace over, and the sea‑bed and subsoil beneath, any such sea; and (b) in relation to a jurisdiction—means so much of the coastal sea of Australia as is within the area described in Schedule 2 to the Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act 1967 under the heading that refers to that jurisdiction. > commence, in relation to a winding up, has the meaning given by Division 1A of Part 5.6. > commencement means: (a) in relation to this Law or a provision of this Law—the time at which the Law or provision came into operation; or (b) in relation to an accounting standard: (i) in the case of an accounting standard as originally in effect—the time when the accounting standard took effect; or (ii) in the case of an accounting standard as varied by a particular provision of an instrument made under section 32 of the Corporations Act 1989, as the instrument has effect for the purposes of Chapter 2M of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction—the time when that provision took effect. > Commission means the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. > Commission Act means the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 1989. > Commission delegate has the same meaning as in the ASIC Law of this jurisdiction. > committee of creditors, in relation to a company under administration, means a committee of creditors of the company appointed at a meeting convened under section 436E. > commodity means: (a) any thing that is capable of delivery pursuant to an agreement for its delivery; or (b) without limiting the generality of paragraph (a), an instrument creating or evidencing a thing in action. > commodity agreement means a standardised agreement the effect of which is that: (a) a person is under a Chapter 8 obligation to make delivery; or (b) a person is under a Chapter 8 obligation to accept delivery; at a particular future time of a particular quantity of a particular commodity for a particular price or for a price to be calculated in a particular manner, whether or not: (c) the subject matter of the agreement is in existence; (d) the agreement has any other effect; or (e) the agreement is capable of being varied or discharged before that future time. > company means a company registered, or taken to be registered, under the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction and: (a) in sections 70A, 500 and 600F, includes a recognised company; and (b) in Chapter 2K (other than section 273), includes a registrable body (other than a registrable local body) that is registered under Division 1 or 2 of Part 5B.2 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction; and (ba) in section 273, includes: (i) a recognised company; and (ii) a registered body (other than a registrable local body); and (c) in Parts 5.7B and 5.8 (except sections 595 and 596), includes a Part 5.7 body; and (ca) in Part 5B.1 includes an unincorporated registrable body. > company law, in relation to a State or Territory, means the law, or a previous law, of the State or Territory relating to companies. > company limited by guarantee means a company formed on the principle of having the liability of its members limited to the respective amounts that the members undertake to contribute to the property of the company if it is wound up. > company limited by shares means a company formed on the principle of having the liability of its members limited to the amount (if any) unpaid on the shares respectively held by them. > condition, in relation to a licence, means a condition or restriction to which the licence is subject, or will be subject, as the case requires. > conduct: (a) in relation to a futures market, a stock market, or any other market, exchange, place or facility—includes maintain or provide; and (b) in Chapter 7—has a meaning affected by section 762. > connected entity, in relation to a corporation, means: (a) a body corporate that is, or has been, related to the corporation; or (b) an entity that is, or has been, connected (as defined by section 64B) with the corporation. > consolidated entity means a company, registered managed investment scheme or disclosing entity together with all the entities it is required by the accounting standards to include in consolidated financial statements. > Consolidated Revenue Fund means the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth. > constitution means (depending on the context): (a) a company’s constitution, which (where relevant) includes rules and consequential amendments that are part of the company’s constitution because of the Life Insurance Act 1995; or (b) a managed investment scheme’s constitution; or (c) in relation to any other kind of body: (i) the body’s charter or memorandum; or (ii) any instrument or law (other than this Law) constituting, or defining the constitution of, the body or governing the activities of the body or its members. > Note: The Life Insurance Act 1995 has rules about how benefit fund rules become part of a company’s constitution. They override this Law. See Subdivision 2 of Division 4 of Part 2A of that Act. > Constitution means the Constitution of the Commonwealth. > continuous disclosure notice means: (a) a document used to notify a securities exchange of information relating to a body under provisions of the securities exchange’s listing rules referred to in subsection 1001A(1); or (b) a document under section 1001B lodged in relation to the body. > continuously quoted securities are securities that: (a) are in a class of securities that were quoted ED securities at all times in the 12 months before the date of the prospectus; and (b) are securities of an entity that was not covered by any of the following at any time in that 12 months: (i) an exemption under section 111AS or 111AT, or a modification under section 111AV (ii) an exemption under paragraph 741(1)(a), or a declaration under paragraph 741(1)(b), relating to a provision that is a disclosing entity provision for the purposes of Division 4 of Part 1.2A and, for these purposes, securities are not in different classes merely because of a temporary difference in the dividend, or distribution rights, attaching to the securities or because different amounts have been paid up on the securities. > contravene includes fail to comply with. > contributing member, in relation to a futures organisation, means: (a) in the case of a futures exchange—a member or member organisation of the futures exchange; or (b) in the case of a futures association: (i) a member of that futures association that is a member of no futures exchange; or (ii) a member organisation of that futures association that is a member organisation of no futures exchange. > contributory means: (a) in relation to a company (other than a no liability company): (i) a person liable as a member or past member to contribute to the property of the company if it is wound up; and (ii) for a company with share capital—a holder of fully paid shares in the company; and (iii) before the final determination of the persons who are contributories because of subparagraphs (i) and (ii)—a person alleged to be such a contributory; and (b) in relation to a Part 5.7 body: (i) a person who is a contributory by virtue of section 586; and (ii) before the final determination of the persons who are contributories by virtue of that section—a person alleged to be such a contributory; (c) in relation to a no liability company—subject to section 385, a member of the company. > control has the meaning given by section 50AA. > control day, in relation to a controller of property of a corporation, means: (a) unless paragraph (b) applies: (i) in the case of a receiver, or receiver and manager, of that property—the day when the receiver, or receiver and manager, was appointed; or (ii) in the case of any other person who is in possession, or has control, of that property for the purpose of enforcing a charge—the day when the person entered into possession, or took control, of property of the corporation for the purpose of enforcing that charge; or (b) if the controller became a controller of property of the corporation: (i) to act with an existing controller of such property; or (ii) in place of a controller of such property who has died or ceased to be a controller of such property; the day that is, because of any other application or applications of this definition, the control day in relation to the controller referred to in subparagraph (i) or (ii). > controller, in relation to property of a corporation, means: (a) a receiver, or receiver and manager of that property; or (b) anyone else who (whether or not as agent for the corporation) is in possession, or has control, of that property for the purpose of enforcing a charge. > convertible note has the same meaning as in Division 3A of Part III of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936. > convertible securities: Securities are convertible into another class of securities if the holder may have the other class of securities issued to them by the exercise of rights attached to those securities. An option may be a convertible security even if it is non‑renounceable. > corporation has the meaning given by section 57A. > Corporations Law, in relation to a jurisdiction, has the additional meaning given by section 8A. > corresponding, in relation to a law, has the meaning given by section 58. > corresponding previous law has the meaning given by section 58. > court has the meaning given by section 58AA. > Court has the meaning given by section 58AA. > court of summary jurisdiction means any justice or justices of the peace or other magistrate sitting as a court for the making of summary orders or the summary punishment of offences: (a) under a law of the Commonwealth or of this or any other jurisdiction; or (b) by virtue of his or her commission or their commissions. > creditors’ voluntary winding up means a winding up under Part 5.5, other than a members’ voluntary winding up. > current market bid price for securities covered by a market bid is the price specified in the announcement of the bid as increased or decreased during the offer period. D > daily newspaper means a newspaper that is ordinarily published on each day that is a business day in the place where the newspaper is published, whether or not the newspaper is ordinarily published on other days. > date of a takeover bid is: (a) for an off‑market bid—the date on which offers are first made under the bid; or (b) for a market bid—the date on which the bid is announced to the relevant securities exchange. > deal: (a) in relation to a futures contract—has the meaning given by Division 4; (b) in relation to securities—subject to subsection 93(4), means (whether as principal or agent) acquire, dispose of, subscribe for or underwrite the securities, or make or offer to make, or induce or attempt to induce a person to make or to offer to make, an agreement: (i) for or with respect to acquiring, disposing of, subscribing for or underwriting the securities; or (ii) the purpose or purported purpose of which is to secure a profit or gain to a person who acquires, disposes of, subscribes for or underwrites the securities or to any of the parties to the agreement in relation to the securities. > dealer means: (a) a person who carries on a securities business; or (b) 2 or more persons who together carry on a securities business. > dealers licence means: (a) in this Chapter or section 780, 806 or 807—a dealers licence granted under Part 7.3; or (b) in any other provision of Chapter 7—a dealers licence granted under Part 7.3 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction. > debenture of a body means a chose in action that includes an undertaking by the body to repay as a debt money deposited with or lent to the body. The chose in action may (but need not) include a charge over property of the body to secure repayment of the money. However, a debenture does not include: (a) an undertaking to repay money deposited with or lent to the body by a person if: (i) the person deposits or lends the money in the ordinary course of a business carried on by the person; and (ii) the body receives the money in the ordinary course of carrying on a business that neither comprises nor forms part of a business of borrowing money and providing finance (b) an undertaking by an Australian ADI to repay money deposited with it, or lent to it, in the ordinary course of its banking business (c) an undertaking to pay money under: (i) a cheque; or (ii) an order for the payment of money; or (iii) a bill of exchange (d) an undertaking to pay money under a promissory note that has a face value of at least $50,000 (e) an undertaking by a body corporate to pay money to a related body corporate (f) an undertaking to repay money that is prescribed by the regulations. > For the purposes of this definition, if a chose in action that includes an undertaking by a body to pay money as a debt is offered as consideration for the acquisition of securities under an off‑market takeover bid, or is issued under a compromise or arrangement under Part 5.1, the undertaking is taken to be an undertaking to repay as a debt money deposited with or lent to the body. > decision period, in relation to a chargee in relation to a charge on property of a company under administration, means the period beginning on the day when: (a) if notice of the appointment of the administrator must be given to the chargee under subsection 450A(3)—such notice is so given; or (b) otherwise—the administration begins; and ending at the end of the tenth business day after that day. > deed includes a document having the effect of a deed. > deed of company arrangement means a deed of company arrangement executed under Part 5.3A or such a deed as varied and in force from time to time. > de facto spouse, in relation to a person, means an individual of the opposite sex to that person who is living with that person as his or her spouse on a genuine domestic basis although not legally married to that person. > defalcation, in Part 7.9, includes a contravention of subsection 870(3). > defeating condition for a takeover bid means a condition that: (a) will, in circumstances referred to in the condition, result in the rescission of, or entitle the bidder to rescind, a takeover contract; or (b) prevents a binding takeover contract from resulting from an acceptance of the offer unless or until the condition is fulfilled. > defect, in relation to a statutory demand, includes: (a) an irregularity; and (b) a misstatement of an amount or total; and (c) a misdescription of a debt or other matter; and (d) a misdescription of a person or entity. > Department, in a case where a provision uses the expression “the Department” without specifying which Department is referred to, means: (a) if the Minister or Ministers for the time being administering the Corporations Act 1989 administers or administer only one Department of State of the Commonwealth—that Department; or (b) otherwise—the Department of State of the Commonwealth prescribed for the purposes of this definition as it applies for the purposes of that provision. > deregistered means: (a) in relation to a company—deregistered under Chapter 5A; and (b) in relation to any other body corporate—deregistered in a way that results in the body corporate ceasing to exist. > director of a company or other body means: (a) a person who: (i) is appointed to the position of a director; or (ii) is appointed to the position of an alternate director and is acting in that capacity; regardless of the name that is given to their position; and (b) unless the contrary intention appears, a person who is not validly appointed as a director if: (i) they act in the position of a director; or (ii) the directors of the company or body are accustomed to act in accordance with the person’s instructions or wishes. Subparagraph (b)(ii) does not apply merely because the directors act on advice given by the person in the proper performance of functions attaching to the person’s professional capacity, or the person’s business relationship with the directors or the company or body. > Note: Paragraph (b)—Contrary intention—Examples of provisions for which a person referred to in paragraph (b) would not be included in the term “director” are: > Note: section 249C (power to call meetings of a company’s members) > Note: subsection 251A(3) (signing minutes of meetings) > Note: section 205B (notice to ASIC of change of address). > disclosing entity has the meaning given by section 111AC. > disclosure document for an offer of securities means: (a) a prospectus for the offer; or (b) a profile statement for the offer; or (c) an offer information statement for the offer. > discretionary account has the meaning given by section 61. > dispose of a futures contract has the meaning given by sections 24, 26, 27 and 28. For the purposes of Chapter 6, a person who has a relevant interest in securities disposes of the securities if, and only if, they cease to have a relevant interest in the securities. > document includes: (a) any paper or other material on which there is writing or printing or on which there are marks, figures, symbols or perforations having a meaning for persons qualified to interpret them; (b) a disc, tape or other article from which sounds, images or messages are capable of being reproduced; and (c) a disc, tape or other article, or any material, from which sounds, images, writings or messages are capable of being reproduced with or without the aid of any other article or device; and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, includes any summons, order and other legal process and any notice. > Note: In Division 3 of Part 7.13. document has a meaning affected by the definition of document in subsection 1097(1). > document of title, in relation to securities, includes an instrument of transfer relating to the securities. > domestic corporation means a corporation that is incorporated or formed in Australia or an external Territory. E > ED securities has the meaning given by section 111AD. > eligible applicant, in relation to a corporation, means: (a) the Commission; or (b) a liquidator or provisional liquidator of the corporation; or (c) an administrator of the corporation; or (d) an administrator of a deed of company arrangement executed by the corporation; or (e) a person authorised in writing by the Commission to make: (i) applications under the Division of Part 5.9 in which the expression occurs; or (ii) such an application in relation to the corporation. > eligible commodity agreement means a commodity agreement (in this definition called the relevant agreement), where, at the time when the relevant agreement: (a) unless paragraph (b) applies—is entered into; or (b) if the relevant agreement is not a commodity agreement at the time when it is entered into—becomes a commodity agreement; it appears likely, having regard to all relevant circumstances (other than the respective intentions of the person in the sold position, and the person in the bought position, under the relevant agreement), including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing: (c) the provisions of any agreement; (d) the rules and practices of any market; and (e) the manner in which the respective Chapter 8 obligations of persons in sold positions, and persons in bought positions, under agreements of the same kind as the first‑mentioned agreement are generally discharged; that: (f) the Chapter 8 obligation of the person in the sold position under the relevant agreement to make delivery in accordance with the relevant agreement will be discharged otherwise than by the person so making delivery; (g) the Chapter 8 obligation of the person in the bought position under the relevant agreement to accept delivery in accordance with the relevant agreement will be discharged otherwise than by the person so accepting delivery; or (h) the person in the sold position, or bought position, under the relevant agreement will assume an offsetting bought position, or offsetting sold position, as the case may be, under an agreement of the same kind as the relevant agreement. > eligible exchange‑traded option means a contract that is entered into on a futures market of a futures exchange and under which a party acquires from another party an option or right, exercisable at or before a specified time: (a) to purchase from, or to sell to, that other party a specified quantity of a specified commodity at a price specified in, or to be determined in accordance with, the contract; or (b) to be paid by that other party an amount of money to be determined by reference to the amount by which a specified number is greater or less than the number of a specified index, being the Australian Stock Exchanges All Ordinaries Price Index or a prescribed index, as at the time when the option or right is exercised. > eligible money market dealer means a body corporate in respect of which a declaration is in force under section 65. > eligible securities conduct means conduct in the course of, for the purposes of, or otherwise in connection with: (a) dealing in securities; or (b) advising a person about securities; or (c) giving to a person a securities report. > emoluments means the amount or value of any money, consideration or benefit given, directly or indirectly, to a director of a body corporate in connection with the management of affairs of the body or of any holding company or subsidiary of the body, whether as a director or otherwise, but does not include amounts in payment or reimbursement of out‑of‑pocket expenses incurred for the benefit of the body. > employee share scheme for a company means a scheme under which shares (or units in shares) in the company or a holding company may be acquired: (a) by, or for the benefit of: (i) employees of the company, or of a related body corporate; or (ii) directors of the company, or of a related body corporate, who hold a salaried employment or office in the company or in a related body corporate; or (b) by a corporation all of whose members are: (i) employees of the company, or of a related body corporate; or (ii) directors of the company, or of a related body corporate, who hold a salaried employment or office in the company or in a related body corporate. > employee share scheme buy‑back means a buy‑back under a scheme that: (a) has as its purpose the acquisition of shares in a company by, or on behalf of: (i) employees of the company, or of a related body corporate; or (ii) directors of the company, or a related body corporate, who hold a salaried employment or office in the company or in a related body corporate; and (b) has been approved by the company in general meeting. > enforce, in relation to a charge on property of a company under administration, includes: (a) appoint a receiver of property of the company under a power contained in an instrument relating to the charge; or (b) obtain an order for the appointment of a receiver of such property for the purpose of enforcing the charge; or (c) enter into possession, or assume control, of such property for that purpose; or (d) appoint a person so to enter into possession or assume control (whether as agent for the chargee or for the company); or (e) exercise, as chargee or as a receiver or person so appointed, a right, power or remedy existing because of the charge, whether arising under an instrument relating to the charge, under a written or unwritten law, or otherwise. > enforcement process, in relation to property, means: (a) execution against that property; or (b) any other enforcement process in relation to that property that involves a court or a sheriff. > enter into: A person who: (a) enters into, or becomes a party to, a relevant agreement in relation to voting shares or other securities; or (b) exercises an option to have voting shares or other securities issued or granted; is taken to enter into a transaction in relation to the shares or securities. Enter into, in relation to a futures contract, has a meaning affected by subsection 72(2). > entitlements of an employee of a company has the meaning given by subsections 596AA(2) and (3). > entity: (a) in Chapter 2E—has the meaning given by section 243C; and (c) otherwise—has the meaning given by section 64A. > entity: for the purposes of Chapter 2E an entity is any of the following: (a) a body corporate (b) a partnership (c) an unincorporated body (d) an individual (e) for a trust that has only 1 trustee—the trustee (f) for a trust that has more than 1 trustee—the trustees together. > equal access scheme has the meaning given by subsections 257B(2) and (3). > estate includes any estate or interest, charge, right, title, claim, demand, lien or encumbrance, at law or in equity. > event includes any happening, circumstance or state of affairs. > examinable affairs, in relation to a corporation means: (a) the promotion, formation, management, administration or winding up of the corporation; or (b) any other affairs of the corporation (including anything that is included in the corporation’s affairs because of section 53); or (c) the business affairs of a connected entity of the corporation, in so far as they are, or appear to be, relevant to the corporation or to anything that is included in the corporation’s examinable affairs because of paragraph (a) or (b). > examinable assets and liabilities, in relation to an entity, means all of the following: (a) the entity’s property and assets: (i) whether present or future; and (ii) whether held alone or jointly with any other person or persons; and (iii) whether or not held as agent, bailee or trustee; (b) the entity’s liabilities: (i) whether present or future; and (ii) whether actual or contingent; and (iii) whether owed alone or jointly with any other person or persons; and (iv) whether or not owed as trustee. > examinable officer, in relation to a corporation, means: (a) a director, secretary or executive officer of the corporation; or (b) a receiver, or receiver and manager, of property of the corporation (whether appointed under a provision contained in an instrument, or by a court); or (c) an administrator of the corporation; or (d) an administrator of a deed of company arrangement executed by the corporation; or (e) a liquidator or provisional liquidator of the corporation (whether or not appointed by a court); or (f) a trustee or other person administering a compromise or arrangement made between the corporation and any other person or persons. > examinable operations, in relation to an entity, means all of the following: (a) the entity’s business, trading, transactions and dealings: (i) whether alone or jointly with any other entity or entities; and (ii) whether or not as agent, bailee or trustee; (b) the entity’s profits, income and receipts; (c) the entity’s losses, outgoings and expenditure. > Exchange means Australian Stock Exchange Limited. > exchange member, in relation to a futures exchange, means: (a) a corporation that is a member of the futures exchange; (b) a partnership that is a member of the futures exchange; or (c) a member of such a partnership. > Exchange subsidiary means: (b) in section 779 or subsection 920(1)—a securities exchange that is a subsidiary of the Exchange; and (c) in any other provision of Chapter 7—a local securities exchange that is a subsidiary of the Exchange. > exchange traded option means an option declared by a securities exchange to be an exchange traded option. EXCLUDED > excluded security means: (a) where: (i) there is attached to a share or debenture a right to participate in a retirement village scheme; and (ii) each of the other rights, and each interest (if any), attached to the share or debenture is a right or interest that is merely incidental to the right referred to in subparagraph (i); the share or debenture or a unit in the share or debenture; or (b) an interest in a managed investment scheme constituted by a right to participate in a retirement village scheme. > excluded Territory means an external Territory to which this Act does not extend. > Executive Council means the Federal Executive Council. > executive officer of a body corporate means a person who is concerned in, or takes part in, the management of the body (regardless of the person’s designation and whether or not the person is a director of the body). EXEMPT > exempt body has the meaning given by section 66A. > exempt broker means a person who is an exempt broker by virtue of section 67. > exempt dealer has the meaning given by section 68. > exempt foreign company means a foreign company of a kind referred to in subsection 601CK(8), whether or not Division 2 of Part 5B.2 applies to it. > exempt futures market means a futures market in relation to which a declaration under section 1127 is in force. > exempt investment adviser has the meaning given by section 68. > exempt managed investment scheme interest has the meaning given by section 68A. > exempt public authority means a body corporate that is incorporated within Australia or an external Territory and is: (a) a public authority; or (b) an instrumentality or agency of the Crown in right of the Commonwealth, in right of a State or in right of a Territory. > exempt stock market means a stock market in relation to which, or a stock market in a class of stock markets in relation to which, a declaration is in force under section 771. > expert, in relation to a matter, means a person whose profession or reputation gives authority to a statement made by him or her in relation to that matter. > extend, in relation to a period: (a) includes further extend; and (b) has a meaning affected by section 70. > externally‑administered body corporate means a body corporate: (a) that is being wound up; (b) in respect of property of which a receiver, or a receiver and manager, has been appointed (whether or not by a court) and is acting; (c) that is under administration; (ca) that has executed a deed of company arrangement that has not yet terminated; or (d) that has entered into a compromise or arrangement with another person the administration of which has not been concluded. > external Territory means a Territory, not being an internal Territory, provision for the government of which as a territory is made by any Act. > extraordinary resolution, in relation to a registered scheme, means a resolution: (a) of which notice as set out in paragraph 252J(c) has been given; and (b) that has been passed by at least 50% of the total votes that may be cast by members entitled to vote on the resolution (including members who are not present in person or by proxy). F > Federal Court means the Federal Court of Australia. > fee, in Part 9.10, includes a fee that is a tax. > fidelity fund means: (a) in relation to a futures organisation—the fidelity fund (if any) that section 1228 requires the futures organisation to keep; or (b) in relation to a securities exchange within the meaning of Chapter 7—the fidelity fund (if any) that section 895 requires or required the securities exchange to keep. > financial benefit (when used in Chapter 2E) has a meaning that is affected by section 229. > financial corporation means a financial corporation within the meaning of paragraph 51(20) of the Constitution. > financial records includes: (a) invoices, receipts, orders for the payment of money, bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes and vouchers; and (b) documents of prime entry; and (c) working papers and other documents needed to explain: (i) the methods by which financial statements are made up; and (ii) adjustments to be made in preparing financial statements. > financial report means an annual financial report or a half‑year financial report prepared under Chapter 2M. > Note: Section 295 deals with the contents of annual financial reports and section 302 deals with the contents of half‑year financial reports. > financial statements means annual financial statements under section 295 or half‑year financial statements under section 303. > financial year has the meaning given by section 323D. > find, in the case of a reference to a court finding a person guilty of an offence, has a meaning affected by section 73A. > floating charge includes a charge that conferred a floating security at the time of its creation but has since become a fixed or specific charge. > for, in relation to a fee or tax, includes in respect of. > foreign companies law, in relation to a State, Territory or excluded Territory, means the law, or a previous law, of that State, Territory or excluded Territory relating to foreign companies within the meaning of that law or previous law. > foreign company means: (a) a body corporate incorporated in an external Territory or outside Australia and the external Territories, not being: (i) a corporation sole; or (ii) an exempt public authority; or (b) an unincorporated body that: (i) is formed in an external Territory or outside Australia and the external Territories; and (ii) under the law of its place of formation, may sue or be sued, or may hold property in the name of its secretary or of an officer of the body duly appointed for that purpose; and (iii) does not have its head office or principal place of business in Australia. > foreign country > means any country (whether or not an independent sovereign state) outside Australia and the external Territories. > foreign holder of securities means a holder of the securities whose address, as shown in the register in which details of their holding is recorded, is a place outside Australia and the external Territories. > franchise means an arrangement under which a person earns profits or income by exploiting a right, conferred by the owner of the right, to use a trade mark or design or other intellectual property or the goodwill attached to it in connection with the supply of goods or services. An arrangement is not a franchise if the person engages the owner of the right, or an associate of the owner, to exploit the right on the person’s behalf. > fully paid share means a share on which no amount remains unpaid. > function includes a duty. > Fund means the National Guarantee Fund established under subsection section 69 of the Corporations Act 1989. FUTURES > futures advice business has the meaning given by section 71. > futures adviser means a person who carries on, or 2 or more persons who together carry on, a futures advice business. > futures advisers licence means: (a) in this Chapter or section 1173—a futures advisers licence granted under Part 8.3; and (b) in any other provision of Chapter 8—a futures advisers licence granted under Part 8.3 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction. > futures association means: (a) in this Chapter or section 1220, 1222, 1223 or 1269—a body corporate in relation to which an approval under section 1132 is in force or is taken because of subsection 1132(3) to be in force; or (b) in any other provision of Chapter 8—a local futures association. > futures broker means: (a) except in section 1209 and Part 8.5: (i) a person who carries on, or 2 or more persons who together carry on, a futures broking business, whether or not the person, or any of the persons, also deals in futures contracts on the person’s own account; or (ii) the holder of a futures brokers licence; and (b) in section 1209 or Part 8.5 (except a provision of that section or Part referred to in paragraph (c) of this definition)—the holder of a futures brokers licence granted under Part 8.3 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction; and (c) in subsection 1209(14), (15) or (16) or section 1221 or 1222—the holder of a futures brokers licence. > futures brokers licence means: (a) in this Chapter or section 1142, 1172, 1173 or 1269—a futures brokers licence granted under Part 8.3; and (b) in any other provision of Chapter 8—a futures brokers licence granted under Part 8.3 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction. > futures broking business, in relation to a person, means, subject to subsection 25(4), a business of dealing in futures contracts on behalf of other persons. > futures contract has the meaning given by section 72. > futures exchange means: (a) in this Chapter or section 1220, 1222, 1223 or 1269—a body corporate in relation to which an approval under section 1126 is in force or is taken because of subsection 1126(3) to be in force; or (b) in any other provision of Chapter 8—a local futures exchange. > futures law means a provision of Chapter 8. > futures licence means a futures brokers licence or a futures advisers licence. > futures licensee means a person who holds a futures licence. > futures market means a market, exchange or other place at which, or a facility by means of which, futures contracts are regularly acquired or disposed of. > futures option means an option or Chapter 8 right to assume, at a specified price or value and within a specified period, a bought position, or a sold position, in relation to an eligible commodity agreement or in relation to an adjustment agreement. > futures organisation means: (a) in this Chapter, section 1141A or subsection 1242(3) or 1249(3)—a futures exchange or a futures association; and (b) in Part 8.6: (i) a local futures exchange; or (ii) a local futures association, other than a futures association each of whose members is also a member of a futures exchange; and (c) in any other provision of Chapter 8—a local futures exchange or a local futures association. > futures report means an analysis or report about futures contracts. > futures representative has the meaning given by section 73. G > Gazette means the Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. > Gazette notice means a notice published in the Gazette. > general law means the principles and rules of the common law and equity. > Government Printer includes any person printing for the Government of the Commonwealth. > guarantor, in relation to a debenture, means a body that has guaranteed, or has agreed to guarantee, the repayment of any money deposited or lent to the borrower under the debenture. > guilty, in the case of a reference to a court finding a person guilty of an offence, has a meaning affected by section 73A. H > half‑year has the meaning given by subsection 323D(5). > have, in relation to information, includes be in possession of the information. > highest outside purchase price for a takeover bid is the highest amount paid or payable by the bidder for a security in the bid class under a purchase made outside the bid and during the bid period. > hold, in relation to a person, in relation to a document that is, or purports to be, a copy of a licence, means have in the person’s possession. > holding company, in relation to a body corporate, means a body corporate of which the first body corporate is a subsidiary. I > included, in relation to an official list, has the meaning given by section 75. > incorporated in Australia, in relation to a body corporate, includes incorporated by or under a law of the Commonwealth, a State or the Capital Territory. > incorporation: (a) of a company or of a recognised company—means the company’s first registration under the Corporations Law of any jurisdiction; and (b) of any other incorporated body—means the body’s incorporation by or under a law (other than this law or a corresponding previous law). > individual means a natural person. > industrial instrument means: (a) a contract of employment; or (b) a law, award, determination or agreement relating to terms or conditions of employment. > information includes complaint. > information service means: (a) a broadcasting service; (b) an interactive or broadcast videotext or teletext service or a similar service; (c) an online database service or a similar service; or (d) any other prescribed service. > injury compensation means compensation payable under any law relating to workers compensation. > inside information, in relation to a futures contract, means information that is not generally available but, if it were generally available, would be likely to affect materially the price for dealing in: (a) that futures contract; or (b) a futures contract of the same kind as that futures contract. > insolvent has the meaning given by subsection 95A(2) and, in Part 7.10, has a meaning affected by section 922. > insolvent transaction has the meaning given by section 588FC. > insolvent under administration means a person who: (a) under the Bankruptcy Act 1966 or the law of an external Territory, is a bankrupt in respect of a bankruptcy from which the person has not been discharged; or (b) under the law of a country other than Australia or the law of an external Territory, has the status of an undischarged bankrupt; and includes: (c) a person who has executed a deed of arrangement under Part X of the Bankruptcy Act 1966 or the corresponding provisions of the law of an external Territory or of the law of a country other than Australia, where the terms of the deed have not been fully complied with; and (d) a person whose creditors have accepted a composition under Part X of the Bankruptcy Act 1966 or the corresponding provisions of the law of an external Territory or of the law of a country other than Australia where a final payment has not been made under that composition. > interest in a managed investment scheme means a right to benefits produced by the scheme (whether the right is actual, prospective or contingent and whether it is enforceable or not). > internal Territory means the Capital Territory or the Northern Territory. > invalid futures authority has the meaning given by subsection 87(2). > invalid securities authority has the meaning given by subsection 88(2). > investment advice business has the meaning given by section 77. > investment adviser means a person who carries on, or 2 or more persons who together carry on, an investment advice business. > investment advisers licence means: (a) in this Chapter or section 807—an investment advisers licence granted under Part 7.3; or (b) in any other provision of Chapter 7—an investment advisers licence granted under Part 7.3 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction. > investment contract means any contract, scheme or arrangement that, in substance and irrespective of its form, involves the investment of money in or under such circumstances that the investor acquires or may acquire an interest in, or right in respect of, property, whether in this jurisdiction or elsewhere, that, under, or in accordance with, the terms of investment will, or may at the option of the investor, be used or employed in common with any other interest in, or right in respect of, property, whether in this jurisdiction or elsewhere, acquired in or under like circumstances. > involved, in relation to a contravention, has the meaning given by section 79. > issue includes: (a) in relation to interests in a managed investment scheme—make available; and (b) otherwise—circulate, distribute and disseminate. J > Jervis Bay Territory means the Territory referred to in the Jervis Bay Territory Acceptance Act 1915. > Judge means a judge of the Court. > jurisdiction means a State or the Capital Territory and, in the case of a State, includes the coastal sea of the State. > justice of the peace includes a justice of the peace for a State or part of a State or for a Territory. L > land includes messuages, tenements and hereditaments, corporeal and incorporeal, of any tenure or description, and whatever may be the estate or interest therein. > large proprietary company has the meaning given by subsection 45A(3). > law, in relation to a jurisdiction, means, subject to section 58, a law of, or a law in force in, that jurisdiction and, in the case of the Capital Territory, includes, without limitation: (a) the Corporations Act 1989 and regulations under it; and (b) the Corporations Law, Corporations Regulations, ASIC Law, and ASIC Regulations, of the Capital Territory; and (c) a relevant Act within the meaning of the Companies and Securities (Interpretation and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1980; and (d) regulations under such an Act. > Law, in the case of a reference to this Law or to the Corporations Law of a jurisdiction, has the additional meaning given by sections 8 and 8A. > lawyer means a duly qualified legal practitioner and, in relation to a person, means such a practitioner acting for the person. > leave of absence means long service leave, extended leave, recreation leave, annual leave, sick leave or any other form of leave of absence from employment. > licence means: (a) in section 808—a securities licence; and (b) in any other provision of Chapter 7—a dealers licence, or an investment advisers licence, granted under Part 7.3 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction; and (c) in section 1174 or subsection 1220(2) or 1221(3)—a futures licence; and (d) in any other provision of Chapter 8—a futures brokers licence, or a futures advisers licence, granted under Part 8.3 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction. > licensee means: (a) in section 781 or subsection 879(1)—a securities licensee; and (b) in any other provision of Chapter 7—a person who holds a dealers licence, or an investment advisers licence, granted under Part 7.3 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction; and (c) in section 1143—a futures licensee; and (d) in any other provision of Chapter 8—a person who holds a futures brokers licence, or a futures advisers licence, granted under Part 8.3 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction; and (e) in relation to a licence—the person who holds the licence. > limited company means a company limited by shares or a company limited by guarantee but does not include a no liability company. > linked: the incurring of a debt and a contravention of section 596AB are linked if they are linked under subsection 596AB(4). > liquidating trade means a transaction whereby, for the purpose of closing out a futures contract, the person in the bought position, or sold position, under the futures contract assumes an offsetting sold position, or offsetting bought position, as the case may be, under another futures contract. > liquidator, in Chapters 7 and 8, includes a provisional liquidator. > listed: A company, managed investment scheme or other body is listed if it is included in the official list of a securities exchange. > listed corporation means a body corporate that is included in an official list of a securities exchange (as defined, for the purposes of this definition, by the regulations) in Australia or an external Territory. > listed disclosing entity has the meaning given by subsection 111AL(1). > listing rules, when used in Chapter 7, has the meaning given by section 761. > local agent, in relation to a foreign company, means a person who is a local agent of the foreign company by virtue of subsection 601CG(5). > local corporation means: (a) a company; or (b) any other corporation that is incorporated in this jurisdiction. > local futures association means a body corporate in relation to which an approval under section 1132 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction is in force. > local futures exchange means a body corporate in relation to which an approval under section 1126 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction is in force. > local securities exchange means a local stock exchange or an approved securities organisation. > local stock exchange means: (a) the Exchange; or (b) a body corporate referred to in any of subparagraphs (c)(ii) to (x), inclusive, of the definition of stock exchange that conducts in this jurisdiction, or proposes so to conduct, a stock market; or (c) a body corporate in relation to which an approval under section 769 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction is in force. > lodge means lodge with the Commission in this or any other jurisdiction. M > machine‑copy, in relation to a document, means a copy made of the document by any machine in which, or process by which, an image of the contents of the document is reproduced. > magistrate means a magistrate who is remunerated by salary or otherwise. > managed investment scheme means: (a) a scheme that has the following features: (i) people contribute money or money’s worth as consideration to acquire rights (interests) to benefits produced by the scheme (whether the rights are actual, prospective or contingent and whether they are enforceable or not) (ii) any of the contributions are to be pooled, or used in a common enterprise, to produce financial benefits, or benefits consisting of rights or interests in property, for the people (the members) who hold interests in the scheme (whether as contributors to the scheme or as people who have acquired interests from holders) (iii) the members do not have day‑to‑day control over the operation of the scheme (whether or not they have the right to be consulted or to give directions); or (b) a time‑sharing scheme; but does not include the following: (c) a partnership covered by an application order made for the purposes of section 115 (d) a body corporate (other than a body corporate that operates as a time sharing scheme) (e) a scheme in which all the members are bodies corporate that are related to each other and to the body corporate that promotes the scheme (f) a franchise (g) a statutory fund maintained under the Life Insurance Act 1995 (h) a regulated superannuation fund, an approved deposit fund, a pooled superannuation trust, or a public sector superannuation scheme, within the meaning of the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (i) a scheme operated by an Australian ADI in the ordinary course of its banking business (j) the issue of debentures or convertible notes by a body corporate (k) a barter scheme under which each participant may obtain goods or services from another participant for consideration that is wholly or substantially in kind rather than in cash (l) a retirement village scheme operating within or outside Australia: (i) under which the participants, or a majority of them, are provided, or are to be provided, with residential accommodation within a retirement village (whether or not the entitlement of a participant to be provided with accommodation derives from a proprietary interest held by the participant in the premises where the accommodation is, or is to be, provided); and (ii) which is not a time‑sharing scheme (m) a scheme that is operated by a co‑operative company registered under Part VI of the Companies (Co‑operative) Act 1943 of Western Australia or under a previous law of Western Australia that corresponds to that Part (n) a scheme of a kind declared by the regulations not to be a managed investment scheme. > Note: Paragraph (c)—A partnership with less than 20 members will usually not require registration because of paragraph 601ED(1)(a) and under section 115 a partnership with more than 20 members can only operate if covered by an application order. > manager has a meaning affected by section 90. > managing controller, in relation to property of a corporation, means: (a) a receiver and manager of that property; or (b) any other controller of that property who has functions or powers in connection with managing the corporation. > marketable securities means debentures, stocks, shares or bonds of any Government, of any local government authority or of any body corporate, association or society, and includes any right or option in respect of shares in any body corporate and any prescribed interest. > market bid means a takeover bid made under Chapter 6 as a market bid (see section 616). > member: (aa) in relation to a managed investment schememeans a person who holds an interest in the scheme; or (a) when used in Chapter 6 or Chapter 7 (except Part 7.1A and the provisions mentioned in paragraph (aa) of this definition) in relation to a securities exchange or stock exchange, means: (i) a person who is a member organisation of that exchange; or (ii) a person who is a partner in a partnership that is a member organisation of that exchange; or (aa) when used in section 769, 769A or 772A, subsection 776(2), section 779, subsection 786(8) or 910(3) or section 913 or 1115, in relation to a securities exchange or stock exchange, means: (i) a person who is a member organisation of that exchange; or (ii) a person who is a partner in a partnership that is a member organisation of that exchange; or (iii) a person who is recognised under the business rules of the exchange as a suitably qualified affiliate of the exchange and who is involved in the carrying on of a business of dealing in securities (whether as an employee, director or in any other capacity); or (b) in relation to a body corporate that is, or proposes to become, a futures organisation—has a meaning affected by section 56; or (c) in relation to a company registered under the Corporations Law of any jurisdiction—a person who is a member under section 246A. > member firm, in relation to a securities exchange, means a partnership that is a member organisation of the securities exchange. > member organisation means: (a) in relation to a securities exchange or stock exchange: (i) a person who is recognised under the business rules of the exchange as a suitably qualified participant of the exchange and who carries on a business of dealing in securities otherwise than in partnership; or (ii) a partnership that is recognised under the business rules of the exchange as a suitably qualified participant of the exchange and that carries on a business of dealing in securities; and (b) in relation to a futures organisation: (i) a member of the futures organisation that carries on a business of dealing in futures contracts otherwise than in partnership; or (ii) a partnership that the futures organisation recognises as a member organisation, that carries on a business of dealing in futures contracts and each partner in which is a member of some futures organisation. > members’ voluntary winding up means a winding up under Part 5.5 where a declaration has been made and lodged pursuant to section 494. > minerals means minerals in any form, whether solid, liquefied or gaseous and whether organic or inorganic. > minimum holding buy‑back means a buy‑back of all of a holder’s shares in a listed corporation if the shares are less than a marketable parcel within the meaning of the rules of the relevant securities exchange. > mining purposes means any or all of the following purposes: (a) prospecting for ores, metals or minerals; (b) obtaining, by any mode or method, ores, metals or minerals; (c) the sale or other disposal of ores, metals, minerals or other products of mining; (d) the carrying on of any business or activity necessary for, or incidental to, any of the foregoing purposes; whether in Australia or elsewhere, but does not include quarrying operations for the sole purpose of obtaining stone for building, roadmaking or similar purposes. > Minister has the meaning given by section 80A. > Ministerial Council means the Ministerial Council for Companies and Securities established by the Agreement made on 22 December 1978 between the Commonwealth and the States a copy of which is set out in the Schedule to the National Companies and Securities Commission Act 1979, being that agreement as amended or affected by any other agreement. > misconduct includes fraud, negligence, default, breach of trust and breach of duty. > modifications includes additions, omissions and substitutions. > money includes a payment order. > month means calendar month. N > national business names register means the record or records of information identified by the Minister in a notice under section 70 of the Corporations Act 1989. > national newspaper means a daily newspaper that circulates generally in each State, the Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. > NCSC means the National Companies and Securities Commission. > necessary transfer documents for the transfer of securities to a person means the documents that are sufficient to enable the person to become the holder of the securities. > negative, in relation to a document, means a transparent negative photograph used, or intended to be used, as a medium for reproducing the contents of the document, and includes a transparent photograph made from surface contact with the original negative photograph. > negotiable instrument, in relation to a body corporate, means: (a) a bill of exchange, promissory note, cheque or other negotiable instrument; (b) an indorsement on, or order in, a bill of exchange, promissory note, cheque or other negotiable instrument; or (c) a letter of credit; of, or purporting to be issued or signed by or on behalf of, the body. > no liability company means a company that is registered as, or converts to, a no liability company under this Law. > Note 1: A no liability company can be registered under section 118, 601BD or 1362B. A company can convert to a no liability company under Part 2B.7. > Note 2: A no liability company must have solely mining purposes and have no contractual right to recover unpaid calls (see subsection 112(2). > nominee corporation means a body corporate whose principal business is the business of holding marketable securities as a trustee or nominee. > non‑broker means a person who is neither a futures broker nor one of 2 or more persons who together constitute a futures broker. > non‑dealer means a person who is neither a dealer nor one of 2 or more persons who together constitute a dealer. > non‑voting share, in relation to a body corporate, means an issued share in the body that is not a voting share in the body. > Northern Territory means the Northern Territory of Australia. > notice includes a circular and an advertisement. > NSEGC means the National Securities Exchanges Guarantee Corporation referred to in a previous law corresponding to Part 7.10. O > oath includes affirmation. > of, in relation to securities, means, in the case of interests in a managed investment scheme, made available by. > offence means an offence against a law of the Commonwealth or a State or Territory. > offer information statement means an offer information statement that is lodged with ASIC. > offer period for a takeover bid is the period for which offers under the bid remain open. > office, in relation to the Commission, means an office of the Commission in this jurisdiction or elsewhere. > officer of a corporation means: (a) a director or secretary of the corporation; or (b) a person: (i) who makes, or participates in making, decisions that affect the whole, or a substantial part, of the business of the corporation; or (ii) who has the capacity to affect significantly the corporation’s financial standing; or (iii) in accordance with whose instructions or wishes the directors of the corporation are accustomed to act (excluding advice given by the person in the proper performance of functions attaching to the person’s professional capacity or their business relationship with the directors or the corporation); or (c) a receiver, or receiver and manager, of the property of the corporation; or (d) an administrator of the corporation; or (e) an administrator of a deed of company arrangement executed by the corporation; or (f) a liquidator of the corporation; or (g) a trustee or other person administering a compromise or arrangement made between the corporation and someone else. > Note: Section 201B contains rules about who is a director of a corporation. > official liquidator means a person registered as an official liquidator under section 1283 or deemed to be registered as an official liquidator under this Law. > official manager means a person appointed as an official manager under Part 5.3. > off‑market bid means a takeover bid made under Chapter 6 as an off‑market bid (see section 616). > on, in relation to a stock market or futures market, includes at or by means of. > on behalf of includes on the instructions of. > on‑market: a transaction of any kind is an on‑market transaction if it is effected on a stock market of a securities exchange and is: (a) an on‑market transaction as defined in the rules governing the operation of the exchange; or (b) if those rules do not define on‑market transactions—effected in the ordinary course of trading on the stock market. > on‑market buy‑back has the meaning given by subsections 257B(6) to (8). > option contract, in Chapter 7, means: (a) a contract under which a party acquires from another party an option or right, exercisable at or before a specified time, to buy from, or to sell to, that other party a number of specified securities, or of a specified class of securities, being securities of a kind referred to in paragraph 92(1)(a), (b), (c) or (d), at a price specified in, or to be determined in accordance with, the contract; or (b) a contract entered into on a stock market of a securities exchange or on an exempt stock market, being a contract under which a party to the contract acquires from another party to the contract an option or right, exercisable at or before a specified time: (i) to buy from, or to sell to, that other party an amount of a specified foreign currency, or a quantity of a specified commodity, at a price specified in, or to be determined in accordance with, the contract; or (ii) to be paid by that other party an amount of money to be determined by reference to the amount by which a specified number is greater or less than the number of a specified index, being the Australian Stock Exchanges All Ordinaries Price Index or a prescribed index, as at the time when the option or right is exercised. > originating provision, in relation to a provision of this Law, means the provision enacted by the Parliament as a direct or indirect result of which the provision of this Law was included in this Law. > other jurisdictions means 2 or more jurisdictions other than this jurisdiction. > outstanding property, in relation to a body corporate that has been dissolved or deregistered, means outstanding property (other than unpaid capital, whether called or uncalled) that was vested in the body, to which it was entitled, or over which it had a disposing power, when it was dissolved or deregistered, but that neither the body nor its liquidator got in, realised on or otherwise disposed of or dealt with. > own account has: (a) in relation to a person dealing in a futures contract—a meaning affected by section 29; or (b) in relation to a person dealing in, or entering into a transaction in relation to, securities—a meaning affected by section 84. P > Parliament means the Parliament of the Commonwealth. > Part 5.1 body means: (a) a company; or (b) a registrable body (other than a registrable local body) that is registered under Division 1 or 2 of Part 5B.2 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction. > Part 5.7 body means: (a) a registrable body (other than a registrable local body) that: (i) is registered under Division 1 or 2 of Part 5B.2 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction; or (ii) carries on business in this jurisdiction; or (b) a partnership, association or other body (whether a body corporate or not) that consists of more than 5 members. > party: (a) in relation to a transaction—includes, if the transaction has been completed or given effect to, or has been terminated, a person who was a party to the transaction; and (b) in relation to a Chapter 8 agreement—means, in the case of a proposed or discharged relevant agreement, a person who would be a party to the relevant agreement if it were in effect. > payment (when used in Division 2 of Part 2D.2 (sections 200B to 1813)) includes a payment by way of damages for breach of contract. > payment order means a cheque (including a cheque that a bank or other institution draws on itself), bank draft, money order or postal order. > penalty unit means $100. > person: (a) has a meaning affected by section 85A; and (b) when used in Division 2 of Part 2D.2 (sections 200B to 1813)—includes a superannuation fund. > place of origin, in relation to a body corporate, means: (a) in the case of a body incorporated in a State or Territory—that State or Territory; or (b) otherwise—the place of the body’s incorporation. > possession has a meaning affected by section 86. > power includes an authority. > premises includes: (a) a structure, building, aircraft, vehicle or vessel; (b) any land or place (whether enclosed or built on or not); and (c) a part of a structure, building, aircraft, vehicle or vessel or of such a place. > prescribed means prescribed by the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction, by the regulations or by the rules. > previous Fund means the National Guarantee Fund that was established under subsection 122CA(1) of the Securities Industry Act 1980. > price, in relation to a commodity agreement or a futures contract, or in Chapter 8, includes any amount payable for the delivery of a commodity under an agreement. > printed includes type‑written, lithographed or reproduced by any mechanical means. > Proclamation means a Proclamation by the Governor‑General published in the Gazette. > procure includes cause. > profile statement means a profile statement that is lodged with ASIC. > proper authority has: (a) in relation to a futures licensee—the meaning given by subsection 87(1); and (b) in relation to a securities licensee—the meaning given by subsection 88(1). > proper SCH transfer means: (a) an SCH‑regulated transfer of a quoted security or quoted right effected in accordance with the SCH business rules; or (b) a transfer that is taken by section 1097D to be a proper SCH transfer. > property means any legal or equitable estate or interest (whether present or future and whether vested or contingent) in real or personal property of any description and includes a thing in action. > proportional takeover approval provisions, in relation to a company, means provisions of the kind referred to in subsection 648D(1) that are contained in, or that it is proposed to insert in, the constitution of the company. > proportional takeover bid means an off‑market bid for a specified proportion of the securities in the bid class (see paragraph 618(1)(b)). > proprietary company has the meaning given by subsection 45A(1). > prospectus means a prospectus that is lodged with ASIC. > prove includes establish in any way (for example, but without limitation, through the operation of a presumption for which this Law or any other law of this jurisdiction provides). > providing finance means (a) lending money; or (b) giving guarantees or security for loans made by someone else; or (c) drawing, accepting, indorsing, negotiating or discounting a bill of exchange, cheque, payment order or promissory note so that someone can obtain funds. > public authority of the Commonwealth or a State means: (a) a Minister or State Minister; or (b) the holder of an office established by a Commonwealth or State law; or (c) a body corporate incorporated for a public purpose by a Commonwealth or State law to the extent to which it is exercising a power conferred by a Commonwealth or State law. > public company means a company other than a proprietary company and: (a) in subsection 849(1), includes a body corporate that is a public company for the purposes of the Corporations Law of another jurisdiction; and (b) in section 195, Chapter 2E and section 1376, includes a body corporate (other than a prescribed body corporate) that: (i) is incorporated, or taken to be incorporated, in this jurisdiction, but not under the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction; and (ii) is included in the official list of a securities exchange; and (c) in Chapter 2E and section 1376 does not include a company that does not have “Limited” in its name because of section 150 or 151. > public document, in relation to a body corporate, has the meaning given by section 88A. > publish: (a) in relation to a notice—means, in Chapter 7, publish by any means, including in a newspaper or periodical, by broadcasting or televising or in a cinematograph film; and (b) in any case—includes issue. Q > qualified accountant means a member of a professional body that is approved by ASIC in writing for the purposes of this definition. > qualified privilege has the meaning given by section 89. > quarter day means 31 March, 30 June, 30 September or 31 December. > quotation, in relation to securities, in relation to a stock market of a securities exchange, or of a stock exchange, within the meaning of the provision where the expression occurs, includes the displaying or providing, on a stock market of the securities exchange or stock exchange, of information concerning: (a) if offers to sell, purchase or exchange the securities at particular prices, or for particular consideration, are made or accepted on that stock market—those prices or that consideration; (b) if offers or invitations are made on that stock market, being offers or invitations that are intended, or may reasonably be expected, to result in the making or acceptance of offers to sell, purchase or exchange the securities at particular prices, or for particular consideration—those prices or that consideration; or (c) in any case—the price at which, or the consideration for which, particular persons, or particular classes of persons, propose, or may reasonably be expected, to sell, purchase or exchange the securities. > quoted ED securities has the meaning given by section 111AM. > quoted right has the meaning given by section 1097A. > Note: The meaning of quoted right may be extended by the SCH business rules (under section 1097B) or by a Commission declaration (under section 1097C). > quoted security has the meaning given by section 1097A. > Note: The meaning of quoted security may be extended by the SCH business rules (under section 1097B) or by a Commission declaration (under section 1097C). R > receiver and manager has a meaning affected by section 90. > recognised company means a body corporate that, because of the definition of company in section 9 of the Corporations Law of another jurisdiction, is a company for the purposes of that section of that Law. > recognised futures exchange means a body corporate that: (a) conducts a futures market outside Australia; and (b) is prescribed for the purposes of this definition. > record includes information stored or recorded by means of a computer. > redeemable preference share means a preference share in a body corporate that is, or at the body’s option is to be, liable to be redeemed. > register means register under this Law. REGISTERED > registered Australian body means: (a) in this Chapter—a registrable Australian body that is registered under Division 1 of Part 5B.2; or (b) otherwise—a registrable Australian body that is registered under Division 1 of Part 5B.2 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction. > registered body means: (a) in this Chapter or section 601CX or 601CY—a registered Australian body or a registered foreign company; or (b) otherwise—a registrable body that is registered under Division 1 or 2 of Part 5B.2 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction. > registered company auditor means: (a) in sections 1287 and 1288—a person registered as an auditor, or taken to be registered as an auditor, under Part 9.2 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction; and (b) otherwise—a person registered as an auditor, or taken to be registered as an auditor, under Part 9.2; and, in relation to a body corporate that is not a company, includes a person qualified to act as the body’s auditor under the law of the body’s incorporation. > registered foreign company means: (a) in this Chapter or section 601CX—a foreign company that is registered under Division 2 of Part 5B.2; or (b) otherwise—a foreign company that is registered under Division 2 of Part 5B.2 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction. > registered liquidator means: (a) in sections 1287 and 1288—a person registered as a liquidator under subsection 1282(2), or taken to be registered as a liquidator under Part 9.2, of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction; and (b) otherwise—a person registered as a liquidator under subsection 1282(2) or taken to be registered as a liquidator under Part 9.2. > registered office, in relation to a body corporate, means the body’s registered office under section 142 or 601CT, as the case requires. > registered scheme means a managed investment scheme that is registered under section 601EB. > registrable Australian body means: (a) a body corporate, not being: (i) a company; or (ii) a recognised company; or (iii) an exempt public authority; or (iv) a corporation sole; or (b) an unincorporated body that, under the law of its place of formation, may sue or be sued, or may hold property in the name of its secretary or of an officer of the body duly appointed for that purpose; but does not include a foreign company. > registrable body means a registrable Australian body or a foreign company. > registrable local body means a registrable Australian body that: (a) is incorporated in this jurisdiction; or (b) is unincorporated but is formed, or has its head office or principal place of business, in this jurisdiction. > regulations means the Corporations Regulations of this jurisdiction. > related body corporate, in relation to a body corporate, means a body corporate that is related to the first‑mentioned body by virtue of section 50. > related entity, in relation to a body corporate, means any of the following: (a) a promoter of the body; (b) a relative, or de facto spouse, of such a promoter; (c) a relative of a spouse, or of a de facto spouse, of such a promoter; (d) a director or member of the body or of a related body corporate; (e) a relative, or de facto spouse, of such a director or member; (f) a relative of a spouse, or of a de facto spouse, of such a director or member; (g) a body corporate that is related to the first‑mentioned body; (h) a beneficiary under a trust of which the first‑mentioned body is or has at any time been a trustee; (i) a relative, or de facto spouse, of such a beneficiary; (j) a relative of a spouse, or of a de facto spouse, of such a beneficiary; (k) a body corporate one of whose directors is also a director of the first‑mentioned body; (l) a trustee of a trust under which a person is a beneficiary, where the person is a related entity of the first‑mentioned body because of any other application or applications of this definition. > related party (when used in Chapter 2E) has the meaning given by section 228. > relation‑back day, in relation to a winding up of a company or Part 5.7 body, means: (a) if, because of Division 1A of Part 5.6, the winding up is taken to have begun on the day when an order that the company or body be wound up was made—the day on which the application for the order was filed; or (b) otherwise—the day on which the winding up is taken because of Division 1A of Part 5.6 to have begun. > relative, in relation to a person, means the spouse, parent or remoter lineal ancestor, son, daughter or remoter issue, or brother or sister of the person. > relevant agreement means an agreement, arrangement or understanding: (a) whether formal or informal or partly formal and partly informal; (b) whether written or oral or partly written and partly oral; and (c) whether or not having legal or equitable force and whether or not based on legal or equitable rights. > relevant date, in relation to a winding up, means the day on which the winding up is taken because of Division 1A of Part 5.6 to have begun. > Note: Subsection 553(1B) modifies the operation of this definition for debts and claims that arise while a company is under a deed of company arrangement if the deed terminates immediately before the winding up. > relevant interest, in relation to securities, has a meaning given by sections 608 and 609. > relevant previous law, in relation to a jurisdiction, means: (a) in the case of the Capital Territory—a relevant Act within the meaning of the Companies and Securities (Interpretation and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1980; and (b) in the case of any other jurisdiction—a relevant Code within the meaning of a law of that other jurisdiction. > relevant securities exchange for a listed company, or listed registered managed investment scheme, means: (a) the securities exchange on whose stock market the company or scheme is listed; or (b) if the company or scheme is listed on 2 or more exchanges—each of those exchanges. > remedial order means an order that: (a) restrains a person from exercising any voting or other rights attached to securities (b) directs a body corporate not to make or to defer payment of an amount due from the body corporate in respect of securities (c) restrains a person from acquiring securities or an interest in securities (d) directs a person to dispose of, or not to dispose of, securities or interests in securities (e) directs the disposal referred to in paragraph (d): (i) to be made within a specified time; or (ii) to be made subject to specified conditions; or (iii) not to be made to a specified person or persons or to a specified class or classes of persons (f) directs a specified person to pay to the body corporate an amount equal to any profit or benefit that the person obtains because of the disposal referred to in paragraph (d) (g) vests securities, or an interest in securities, in ASIC (h) directs a body corporate not to register the transfer or transmission of securities (i) cancels securities issued as consideration for offers under a takeover bid (j) declares that an exercise of the voting or other rights attached to securities be disregarded (k) cancels or declares voidable: (i) an agreement or offer relating to a takeover bid, or a proposed takeover bid; or (ii) any other agreement or offer in connection with the acquisition of securities or relevant interests in securities (l) directs a person to give specified information to the holders of securities of a body corporate (m) directs a body corporate not to issue securities to a person (n) if an order of a kind referred to in paragraphs (a) to (m) is in force in respect of securities—directs the registered holder of the securities to give written notice of the order to any person whom the holder knows to be entitled to exercise a right to vote attached to those securities (o) directs a body corporate to repeal or modify its existing constitution or adopt a particular constitution (p) if a person has failed to comply with a requirement of Chapter 6, 6A, 6B or 6C—directs that person to comply with that requirement. > remuneration of an officer or employee of a corporation. A benefit given to an officer or employee of a corporation is remuneration if and only if the benefit, were it received by a director of the corporation, would be remuneration of the director for the purposes of an accounting standard that deals with disclosure in companies’ financial reports of information about related parties. For the purposes of this definition, the following are not officers of a corporation: (a) a receiver, or receiver and manager, of the property of the corporation (b) an administrator of the corporation (c) an administrator of a deed of company arrangement executed by the corporation (d) a liquidator of the corporation (e) a trustee or other person administering a compromise or arrangement made between the corporation and someone else. > renounceable option means an assignable option to have an allotment of shares in a body corporate made to the holder of the option. > representative means: (a) in Chapter 7—a securities representative; or (b) in Chapter 8—a futures representative. > reproduction, in relation to a document, means a machine‑copy of the document or a print made from a negative of the document. > resolution, in relation to creditors or contributories, means a resolution passed at a meeting of the creditors or contributories. > resolution for voluntary winding up means the special resolution referred to in section 491. > responsible entity of a registered scheme means the company named in the ASC’s record of the scheme’s registration as the responsible entity or temporary responsible entity of the scheme. > responsible officer means: (a) in relation to a body corporate that is, or proposes to be, a member of another body corporate: (i) a director or executive officer of the first‑mentioned body; or (ii) a person who has control or substantial control of the first‑mentioned body; and (b) in relation to a body corporate that applies for a licence—an officer of the body who would perform duties in connection with the holding of the licence. > result includes: (a) when used as a verb—result indirectly; and (b) when used as a noun—an indirect result. > retirement village scheme means a scheme, undertaking or enterprise (in this definition called the relevant scheme), whether in Australia or elsewhere, that is being, or is proposed to be, carried out or undertaken with the intention that the participants, or a majority of the participants, in the relevant scheme be provided, in connection with the relevant scheme, with residential accommodation within a retirement community, whether or not the entitlement of a participant to be provided with such accommodation derives from a proprietary interest held by the participant in the premises where the accommodation is provided, but does not include a time‑sharing scheme. > revoke, in relation to an accounting standard, means, in the case of a provision of an accounting standard, vary the last‑mentioned accounting standard by omitting the provision. > rules means: (a) rules of the Federal Court; or (b) rules of the Supreme Court of this or another jurisdiction; as the case requires. S > same kind, in relation to a Chapter 8 agreement, has the meaning given by section 54. > SCH is short for securities clearing house. > SCH business rules means the business rules (within the meaning of Chapter7) of the securities clearing house. > SCH certificate cancellation provisions means the provisions of the SCH business rules that deal with: (a) brokers cancelling certificates or other documents of title to quoted securities or quoted rights; and (b) matters incidental to brokers cancelling such certificates or documents. > SCH participant means a person who, or a partnership that, under the SCH business rules, is entitled to participate in the facilities provided by the securities clearing house. > SCH‑regulated transfer means a transfer (within the meaning of Division 3 of Part 7.13) of a quoted security or a quoted right that, according to the SCH business rules, is an SCH‑regulated transfer. > SCH subregister means a subregister of quoted securities or quoted rights maintained by the SCH under the SCH business rules. > scheme property of a registered scheme means: (a) contributions of money or money’s worth to the scheme; and (b) money that forms part of the scheme property under provisions of this Law or the ASIC Law; and (c) money borrowed or raised by the responsible entity for the purposes of the scheme; and (d) property acquired, directly or indirectly, with, or with the proceeds of, contributions or money referred to in paragraph (a), (b) or (c); and (e) income and property derived, directly or indirectly, from contributions, money or property referred to in paragraph (a), (b), (c) or (d). > Note 1: Paragraph (a)—if what a member contributes to a scheme is rights over property, the rights in the property that the member retains do not form part of the scheme property. > Note 2: For provisions that are relevant to paragraph (b), see subsections 177(4), 1317HA(1A), 1317HB(3) and 1317HD(3) of this Law and subsection 93A(5) of the ASIC Law. > scrip means documents that are, or are documents of title to, securities. > section 513C day, in relation to the administration of a company, has the meaning given by section 513C. > section 770A stock market means a stock market in relation to which an approval under section 770A is in force. SECURITIES > securities has the meaning given by section 92. > securities adviser means a dealer, an investment adviser or a securities representative of a dealer or of an investment adviser. > securities business has the meaning given by section 93. > Note: The activities of the securities clearing house will not generally constitute a securities business—see subsection 779J(1). > securities clearing house means the body corporate in relation to which an approval under section 779B is in force. > securities exchange means: (a) in a provision (other than a provision of this Chapter or Chapter 6 or 7) for the purposes of which a regulation is in force defining that expression—a securities exchange as defined by that regulation; or (b) in Chapter 6: (i) the Exchange; (ii) Australian Stock Exchange (Adelaide) Limited; (iii) Australian Stock Exchange (Brisbane) Limited; (iv) Australian Stock Exchange (Hobart) Limited; (v) Australian Stock Exchange (Melbourne) Limited; (vi) Australian Stock Exchange (Perth) Limited; (vii) Australian Stock Exchange (Sydney) Limited; or (viii) a body corporate that is declared by the regulations to be a securities exchange for the purposes of that Chapter; or (c) in this Chapter, section 773, 778, 779, 874 or 879, subsection 920(1) or Chapter 6D: (i) a stock exchange; or (ii) a body corporate in relation to which an approval under section 770 is in force; or (d) in any other provision of Chapter 7: (i) a local stock exchange; or (ii) an approved securities organisation. > securities law means a provision of Chapter 5C, 6, 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D or 7 or a corresponding previous law. > securities licence means a dealers licence or an investment advisers licence. > securities licensee means a person who holds a securities licence. > securities recommendation means a recommendation with respect to securities or a class of securities, whether made expressly or by implication. > securities report means an analysis or report about securities. > securities representative has the meaning given by section 94. > SEGC means a body corporate in relation to which a nomination as the Securities Exchanges Guarantee Corporation is in force under subsection 67(1) of the Corporations Act 1989 or is taken because of subsection 67(5) of that Act to be so in force. > selective buy‑back means a buy‑back that is none of the following: (a) a buy‑back under an equal access scheme within the meaning of subsections 257B(2) and (3) (b) a minimum holding buy‑back (c) an on‑market buy‑back (d) an employee share scheme buy‑back. > serious fraud means an offence involving fraud or dishonesty, being an offence: (a) against an Australian law or any other law; and (b) punishable by imprisonment for life or for a period, or maximum period, of at least 3 months. > sheriff includes a person charged with the execution of a writ or other process. > small proprietary company has the meaning given by subsection 45A(2). > sold position means: (a) in relation to a commodity agreement, or in relation to a futures contract, being a commodity agreement—the position of a person who, by virtue of the agreement, is under a Chapter 8 obligation to make delivery in accordance with the agreement; or (b) in relation to a futures contract, being an adjustment agreement—the position of a person who, by virtue of the agreement: (i) will, if the value or worth of the agreement (as determined in accordance with the agreement) as at a particular future time exceeds by a particular amount the value or worth of the agreement (as so determined) as at a particular earlier time, be under a Chapter 8 obligation to pay that amount; and (ii) will, if the value or worth of the agreement (as so determined) as at a particular future time is less by a particular amount than the value or worth of the agreement (as so determined) as at a particular earlier time, have a Chapter 8 right to receive that amount. > sole trader means a person who is a member organisation of a securities exchange. > solvent has the meaning given by subsection 95A(1). > special resolution means: (a) in relation to a company, a resolution: (i) of which notice as set out in paragraph 249L(c) has been given; and (ii) that has been passed by at least 75% of the votes cast by members entitled to vote on the resolution; or (b) in relation to a registered scheme, a resolution: (i) of which notice as set out in paragraph 252J(c) has been given; and (ii) that has been passed by at least 75% of the votes cast by members entitled to vote on the resolution. > staff member, in relation to the Commission, means a person who is a staff member for the purposes of the Commission Act. > standardised agreement means a Chapter 8 agreement that is one of 2 or more Chapter 8 agreements each of which is a Chapter 8 agreement of the same kind as the other, or as each of the others, as the case may be. > standard opening hours means 10 am to 12 noon and 2 pm to 4 pm each business day. > State means a State of the Commonwealth and includes the Northern Territory. > State Fair Trading Act means the following Acts for each jurisdiction: ```html <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-left:56.7pt; border-collapse:collapse"><thead><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:286.85pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-weight:bold">State Fair Trading Acts</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:10.5pt; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td><td style="width:123.55pt; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-weight:bold">Jurisdiction</span></p></td><td style="width:131.2pt; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-weight:bold">Act</span></p></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="width:10.5pt; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>1</span></p></td><td style="width:123.55pt; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>New South Wales</span></p></td><td style="width:131.2pt; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Fair Trading Act 1987 (NSW)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:10.5pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>2</span></p></td><td style="width:123.55pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Victoria</span></p></td><td style="width:131.2pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Fair Trading Act 1985</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:10.5pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>3</span></p></td><td style="width:123.55pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Queensland</span></p></td><td style="width:131.2pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Fair Trading Act 1987</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:10.5pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>4</span></p></td><td style="width:123.55pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>South Australia</span></p></td><td style="width:131.2pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Fair Trading Act 1987</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:10.5pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>5</span></p></td><td style="width:123.55pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Western Australia</span></p></td><td style="width:131.2pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Fair Trading Act 1987</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:10.5pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>6</span></p></td><td style="width:123.55pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Tasmania</span></p></td><td style="width:131.2pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Fair Trading Act 1990</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:10.5pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>7</span></p></td><td style="width:123.55pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Northern Territory</span></p></td><td style="width:131.2pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt dotted #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Fair Trading Act 1990</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:10.5pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>8</span></p></td><td style="width:123.55pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Australian Capital Territory</span></p></td><td style="width:131.2pt; border-top:0.75pt dotted #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span>Fair Trading Act 1992</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table> ``` > statement, in Chapter 7, includes matter that is not written but conveys a message. > statutory declaration means a declaration made by virtue of any Act of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory authorising a declaration to be made otherwise than in the course of a judicial proceeding. > statutory demand means: (a) a document that is, or purports to be, a demand served under section 459E; or (b) such a document as varied by an order under subsection 459H(4). > statutory minimum means: (a) if an amount greater than $2,000 is prescribed—the prescribed amount; or (b) otherwise—$2,000. > stock exchange means: (a) in a provision (other than a provision of this Chapter or Chapter 6 or 7) for the purposes of which a regulation is in force defining that expression—a stock exchange as defined by that regulation; or (b) in Chapter 6: (i) the Exchange; (ii) Australian Stock Exchange (Adelaide) Limited; (iii) Australian Stock Exchange (Brisbane) Limited; (iv) Australian Stock Exchange (Hobart) Limited; (v) Australian Stock Exchange (Melbourne) Limited; (vi) Australian Stock Exchange (Perth) Limited; (vii) Australian Stock Exchange (Sydney) Limited; or (viii) a body corporate that is declared by the regulations to be a stock exchange for the purposes of that Chapter; or (c) in this Chapter or section 869 or 1115—any of the following: (i) the Exchange; (ii) Australian Stock Exchange (Adelaide) Limited; (iii) Australian Stock Exchange (Brisbane) Limited; (iv) Australian Stock Exchange (Hobart) Limited; (v) Australian Stock Exchange (Melbourne) Limited; (vi) Australian Stock Exchange (Perth) Limited; (vii) Australian Stock Exchange (Sydney) Limited; (viii) the Stock Exchange of Bendigo Limited; (ix) the Stock Exchange of Ballarat Limited; (x) the Stock Exchange of Newcastle Limited; (xi) a body corporate in relation to which an approval under section 769 is in force; or (d) in any other provision of Chapter 7—a local stock exchange. > stock market means, subject to section 97, a market, exchange or other place at which, or a facility by means of which: (a) offers to sell, purchase or exchange securities are regularly made or accepted; (b) offers or invitations are regularly made, being offers or invitations that are intended, or may reasonably be expected, to result, whether directly or indirectly, in the making or acceptance of offers to sell, purchase or exchange securities; or (c) information is regularly provided about the prices at which, or the consideration for which, particular persons, or particular classes of persons, propose, or may reasonably be expected, to sell, purchase or exchange securities. > subscriber for securities that are interests in a managed investment scheme means any person: (a) accepting an offer, or making an offer pursuant to an invitation, in respect of the interests; or (b) subscribing for or buying the interests. > subsidiary, in relation to a body corporate, means a body corporate that is a subsidiary of the first‑mentioned body by virtue of Division 6. > substantial holding: A person has a substantial holding in a body corporate, or listed registered managed investment scheme, if: (a) the total votes attached to voting shares in the body, or voting interests in the scheme, in which they or their associates: (i) have relevant interests; and (ii) would have a relevant interest but for subsection 609(6) (exchange traded options) or 609(7) (conditional agreements); is 5% or more of the total number of votes attached to voting shares in the body, or interests in the scheme; or (b) the person has made a takeover bid for voting shares in the body, or voting interests in the scheme, and the takeover period has started and not yet ended. > Note: For relevant interest, see section 608. > substantial part, in relation to activities, includes the whole of those activities. > suspend, in relation to a licence, includes, except in sections 827 and 1192, make under section 827 or 1192, as the case requires, an order prohibiting the licensee as mentioned in paragraph 827(1)(d) or 1192(1)(d). > swear, in relation to an affidavit, means, in the case of an affirmation, affirm. T > takeover bid means an off‑market bid or market bid made under Chapter 6. > takeover contract means a contract that results from the acceptance of an offer made under a takeover bid. > target for a takeover bid means the company, listed body or managed investment scheme whose securities are to be acquired under the bid. > target’s statement means a target’s statement under sections 638 to 640 as supplemented. > Territory means a Territory referred to in section 122 of the Constitution, other than the Northern Territory. > Territory means the Capital Territory or an external Territory. > this jurisdiction includes the coastal sea of this jurisdiction. > this Law has the additional meaning given by sections 8 and 8A. > time‑sharing scheme means a scheme, undertaking or enterprise, whether in Australia or elsewhere: (a) participants in which are, or may become, entitled to use, occupy or possess, for 2 or more periods during the period for which the scheme, undertaking or enterprise is to operate, property to which the scheme, undertaking or enterprise relates; and (b) that is to operate for a period of not less than 3 years. > trade, in relation to securities, in relation to a stock market, includes: (a) make or accept on that stock market an offer to sell, buy or exchange the securities; and (b) make on that stock market an offer or invitation that is intended, or may reasonably be expected, to result in the making or acceptance of an offer to sell, buy or exchange the securities. > trading day of a securities exchange or stock exchange means a day on which a stock market of the exchange or stock exchange is open for trading in securities. > trading floor, in relation to a futures market conducted by a body corporate, means a place or facility that the body maintains or provides for the acquisition or disposal of futures contracts by members of the body, or by such members and other persons. > transaction, in Part 5.7B, in relation to a body corporate or Part 5.7 body, means a transaction to which the body is a party, for example (but without limitation): (a) a conveyance, transfer or other disposition by the body of property of the body; and (b) a charge created by the body on property of the body; and (c) a guarantee given by the body; and (d) a payment made by the body; and (e) an obligation incurred by the body; and (f) a release or waiver by the body; and (g) a loan to the body; and includes such a transaction that has been completed or given effect to, or that has terminated. > transmission means a transmission, by means of electric or electromagnetic energy, of: (a) sounds, including speech and music; (b) visual images; (c) signals for the communication, whether as between persons and persons, persons and things or things and things, of any matter otherwise than in the form of sounds or visual images; or (d) signals for the actuation or control of machinery or apparatus. > transparency, in relation to a document, means: (a) a developed negative or positive photograph of that document (in this definition called an original photograph) made, on a transparent base, by means of light reflected from, or transmitted through, the document; (b) a copy of an original photograph made by the use of photosensitive material (being photo‑sensitive material on a transparent base) placed in surface contact with the original photograph; or (c) any one of a series of copies of an original photograph, the first of the series being made by the use of photo‑sensitive material (being photo‑sensitive material on a transparent base) placed in surface contact with a copy referred to in paragraph (b), and each succeeding copy in the series being made, in the same manner, from any preceding copy in the series. > Tribunal means the Administrative Appeals Tribunal. U > ultimate holding company, in relation to a body corporate, means a body corporate that: (a) is a holding company of the first‑mentioned body; and (b) is itself a subsidiary of no body corporate. > unauthorised futures market means a futures market that is neither a futures market of a futures exchange nor an exempt futures market. > unauthorised stock market means a stock market that is not: (a) a stock market of a securities exchange; or (b) a section 770A stock market; or (c) an exempt stock market. > unclaimed money account means an account that: (a) the Commission maintains under section 63J of the Audit Act 1901; and (b) is maintained for the sole purpose of containing money that is unclaimed property. > Note: An unclaimed money account is an example of an account for which section 141 of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 1989 provides. That section relates to money the Commission receives or holds on trust. > unclaimed property means: (a) property paid or transferred to the Commission under a provision of this Law that provides for property to be transferred, or for the Court to direct that property be transferred, to the Commission to be dealt with under Part 9.7; or (b) any other property that a provision of this Law provides for the Commission to deal with under Part 9.7; or (c) property that vests in the Commission under section 1404; or (d) an accretion to, or substitution for, property that is unclaimed property because of any other application or applications of this definition; or (e) without limiting paragraph (d), money paid, or required to be paid, under paragraph 1339(2)(b) into an unclaimed money account; but does not include income that the Minister has applied under subsection 1339(3). > uncommercial transaction has the meaning given by section 588FB. > underlying securities means: (a) in relation to an option over securities—those securities; and (b) in relation to scrip that is constituted by documents that are, or are documents of title to, securities—those securities. > undertaking, in relation to a managed investment scheme, means the undertaking, scheme, enterprise, contract or arrangement to which the scheme relates. > underwrite includes sub‑underwrite. > unfair loan has the meaning given by section 588FD. > unfair preference has the meaning given by section 588FA. > unit, in relation to a share, debenture or other interest, means a right or interest, whether legal or equitable, in the share, debenture or other interest, by whatever term called, and includes an option to acquire such a right or interest in the share, debenture or other interest. > unlimited company means a company whose members have no limit placed on their liability. > unlisted disclosing entity has the meaning given by subsection 111AL(2). > unsecured, in relation to a debt, has in Part 5.7B a meaning affected by section 588D. V > value, in relation to an asset, includes amount. > voting interest, in relation to a managed investment scheme, means an issued interest in the scheme that confers a right to vote, not being a right to vote that is exercisable only in one or more of the following circumstances: (a) on a proposal that affects rights attached to the interests (b) on a proposal to wind up the scheme (c) on a proposal for the disposal of the whole of the scheme property, business and undertaking (d) during the winding up of the scheme. > voting power in a company has the meaning given by section 610. > voting share in a body corporate means an issued share in the body that carries any voting rights beyond the following: (a) a right to vote while a dividend (or part of a dividend) in respect of the share is unpaid (b) a right to vote on a proposal to reduce the body’s share capital (c) a right to vote on a resolution to approve the terms of a buy‑back agreement (d) a right to vote on a proposal that affects the rights attached to the share (e) a right to vote on a proposal to wind the body up (f) a right to vote on a proposal for the disposal of the whole of the body’s property, business and undertaking (g) a right to vote during the body’s winding up. W > wages, in relation to a company, means amounts payable to or in respect of an employee of the company (whether the employee is remunerated by salary, wages, commission or otherwise) under an industrial instrument, including amounts payable by way of allowance or reimbursement but excluding amounts payable in respect of leave of absence. > wholly‑owned subsidiary, in relation to a body corporate, means a body corporate none of whose members is a person other than: (a) the first‑mentioned body; (b) a nominee of the first‑mentioned body; (c) a subsidiary of the first‑mentioned body, being a subsidiary none of whose members is a person other than: (i) the first‑mentioned body; or (ii) a nominee of the first‑mentioned body; or (d) a nominee of such a subsidiary. > winding up by the Court includes winding up in insolvency. > wound up by the Court includes wound up in insolvency. > writing includes any mode of representing or reproducing words, figures, drawings or symbols in a visible form. ### Division 2—Associates #### 10 Effect of Division (1) This Division has effect for the purposes of interpreting a reference (in this Division called the associate reference), in relation to a person (in this Division called the primary person), to an associate. (2) A person is not an associate of the primary person except as provided in this Division. (3) Nothing in this Division limits the generality of anything else in it. #### 11 Associates of bodies corporate If the primary person is a body corporate, the associate reference includes a reference to: (a) a director or secretary of the body; (b) a related body corporate; and (c) a director or secretary of a related body corporate. #### 12 Matters relating to voting shares (1) If the associate reference relates to: (a) the extent of a power to exercise, or to control the exercise of, the voting power attached to voting shares in a body corporate; (b) the primary person’s voting power in a body corporate; or (c) a takeover bid for securities in a body corporate; it includes a reference to a person with whom the primary person has, or proposes to enter into, a relevant agreement: (d) because of which one of those persons has or will have power (even if it is in any way qualified): (i) to exercise; (ii) to control, directly or indirectly, the exercise of; or (iii) to influence substantially the exercise of; any voting power attached to shares in the body; (e) for the purpose of controlling or influencing: (i) the composition of the body’s board; or (ii) the conduct of affairs of the body; (f) under which one of those persons: (i) will or may acquire; or (ii) may be required by the other to acquire; shares in the body in which the other has a relevant interest; or (g) under which one of those persons may be required to dispose of shares in the body in accordance with the other’s directions; whatever other effect the relevant agreement may have. (2) In relation to a matter relating to shares in a body corporate, a person may be an associate of the body and the body may be an associate of a person. #### 13 References in Chapter 7 If the associate reference occurs in Chapter 7 and relates to a matter that is not of a kind referred to in paragraph 12(1)(a), (b) or (c), it includes a reference to: (a) a person in partnership with whom the primary person carries on a securities business; (b) subject to subsection 16(2), a person who is a partner of the primary person otherwise than because of carrying on a securities business in partnership with the primary person; (c) a trustee of a trust in relation to which the primary person benefits, or is capable of benefiting, otherwise than because of transactions entered into in the ordinary course of business in connection with the lending of money; (d) a director of a body corporate of which the primary person is also a director and that carries on a securities business; and (e) subject to subsection 16(2), a director of a body corporate of which the primary person is also a director and that does not carry on a securities business. #### 14 References in Chapter 8 If it occurs in section 29 or 1323 or Chapter 8, the associate reference includes a reference to: (a) a person in partnership with whom the primary person carries on a business of dealing in futures contracts; (b) subject to subsection 16(2), a person who is a partner of the primary person otherwise than because of carrying on in partnership with the primary person a business of dealing in futures contracts; (c) a trustee of a trust in relation to which the primary person benefits, or is capable of benefiting, otherwise than because of transactions entered into in the ordinary course of business in connection with the lending of money; (d) a director of a body corporate of which the primary person is also a director and that carries on a business of dealing in futures contracts; and (e) subject to subsection 16(2), a director of a body corporate of which the primary person is also a director and that does not carry on a business of dealing in futures contracts. #### 15 General (1) The associate reference includes a reference to: (a) a person in concert with whom the primary person is acting, or proposes to act; (b) a person who, under the regulations, is, for the purposes of the provision in which the associate reference occurs, an associate of the primary person; and (c) a person with whom the primary person is, or proposes to become, associated, whether formally or informally, in any other way; in respect of the matter to which the associate reference relates. (2) If the primary person has entered, or proposes to enter, into a transaction, or has done, or proposes to do, any act or thing, in order to become associated with another person as mentioned in an applicable provision of this Division, the associate reference includes a reference to that other person. #### 16 Exclusions (1) A person is not an associate of another person by virtue of section 12 or subsection 15(1), or by virtue of subsection 15(2) as it applies in relation to section 12 or subsection 15(1), merely because of one or more of the following: (a) one gives advice to the other, or acts on the other’s behalf, in the proper performance of the functions attaching to a professional capacity or a business relationship; (b) one, a client, gives specific instructions to the other, whose ordinary business includes dealing in securities, to acquire shares on the client’s behalf in the ordinary course of that business; (c) one had sent, or proposes to send, to the other an offer under a takeover bid for shares held by the other; (d) one has appointed the other, otherwise than for valuable consideration given by the other or by an associate of the other, to vote as a proxy or representative at a meeting of members, or of a class of members, of a body corporate. (2) For the purposes of proceedings under this Law in which it is alleged that a person was an associate of another person by virtue of paragraph 13(b) or (e) or 14(b) or (e), the first‑mentioned person shall not be taken to have been an associate of the other person in relation to a matter by virtue of that paragraph unless it is proved that the first‑mentioned person knew, or ought to have known, at that time, the material particulars of that matter. #### 17 Associates of composite persons A reference to an associate, in relation to a dealer, investment adviser, futures broker or futures adviser, is, if 2 or more persons constitute the dealer, investment adviser, futures broker or futures adviser, a reference to an associate of any of those persons. ### Division 3—Carrying on business #### 18 Carrying on business: otherwise than for profit A reference to a person carrying on business, carrying on a business, or carrying on a business of a particular kind, includes a reference to the person carrying on business, carrying on a business, or carrying on a business of that kind, as the case may be: (a) in any case—otherwise than for profit; or (b) in the case of a body corporate—otherwise than for the profit of the members or corporators of the body. #### 19 Businesses of a particular kind A reference to a business of a particular kind includes a reference to a business of that kind that is part of, or is carried on in conjunction with, any other business. #### 20 Carrying on a business: alone or together with others A reference in this Law to a person carrying on a business, or a business of a particular kind, is a reference to the person carrying on a business, or a business of that kind, whether alone or together with any other person or persons. #### 21 Carrying on business in Australia or a State or Territory (1) A body corporate that has a place of business in Australia, or in a State or Territory, carries on business in Australia, or in that State or Territory, as the case may be. (2) A reference to a body corporate carrying on business in Australia, or in a State or Territory, includes a reference to the body: (a) establishing or using a share transfer office or share registration office in Australia, or in the State or Territory, as the case may be; or (b) administering, managing, or otherwise dealing with, property situated in Australia, or in the State or Territory, as the case may be, as an agent, legal personal representative or trustee, whether by employees or agents or otherwise. (3) Despite subsection (2), a body corporate does not carry on business in Australia, or in a State or Territory, merely because, in Australia, or in the State or Territory, as the case may be, the body: (a) is or becomes a party to a proceeding or effects settlement of a proceeding or of a claim or dispute; (b) holds meetings of its directors or shareholders or carries on other activities concerning its internal affairs; (c) maintains a bank account; (d) effects a sale through an independent contractor; (e) solicits or procures an order that becomes a binding contract only if the order is accepted outside Australia, or the State or Territory, as the case may be; (f) creates evidence of a debt, or creates a charge on property; (g) secures or collects any of its debts or enforces its rights in regard to any securities relating to such debts; (h) conducts an isolated transaction that is completed within a period of 31 days, not being one of a number of similar transactions repeated from time to time; or (j) invests any of its funds or holds any property. ### Division 4—Dealing in futures contracts #### 23 Acquiring a futures contract (1) A person acquires a futures contract (other than a futures option or an eligible exchange‑traded option) if, and only if, the person enters into, or takes an assignment of, the futures contract, whether or not on another’s behalf. (2) A person acquires a futures option or an eligible exchange‑traded option if, and only if, the person takes the option, or takes an assignment of the option, whether or not on another’s behalf. (3) This section has effect subject to sections 26 and 27. #### 24 Disposing of a futures contract (1) A person disposes of a futures contract (other than a futures option or an eligible exchange‑traded option) if, and only if, the person takes, or causes to be taken, such action as closes out the futures contract, whether or not the action is taken on another’s behalf. (2) A person disposes of a futures option or an eligible exchange‑traded option if, and only if, the person: (a) grants, assigns or exercises the option; (b) takes, or causes to be taken, such action as releases the option; or (c) allows the option to lapse; whether or not on another’s behalf. (3) This section has effect subject to sections 26 and 27. #### 25 Dealing in futures contracts: general (1) Subject to sections 26 and 27, a person deals in a futures contract if, and only if, the person: (a) acquires, or disposes of, the futures contract; (b) offers to acquire, or to dispose of, the futures contract; or (c) induces, or attempts to induce, another person to acquire, or to dispose of, the futures contract. (2) Subject to sections 26 and 27, a person deals in a futures contract on another person’s behalf if, and only if, the first‑mentioned person acquires, or disposes of, the futures contract on the other person’s behalf, or offers so to acquire, or so to dispose of, the futures contract. (3) In determining whether or not a person who is not a resident of Australia or of an external Territory deals in a futures contract on another person’s behalf, an act that the holder of a futures brokers licence or an exempt broker does on the first‑mentioned person’s behalf shall be disregarded. (4) Subsection (5) has effect for the purposes of determining: (a) whether or not a person deals in a futures contract on another person’s behalf; (c) what constitutes such a business carried on by a person. (5) An act that the person does: (a) while employed by, or acting for or by arrangement with, a futures broker; (b) as employee or agent of, or otherwise on behalf of, on account of, or for the benefit of, the broker; and (c) in connection with a business of dealing in futures contracts that the broker carries on; shall be disregarded. (6) Subsections (3), (4) and (5) do not have effect for the purposes of sections 26, 27, 28, 1126 and 1132. #### 26 Dealing in futures contracts through intermediaries: first step Where a person acquires, disposes of, or otherwise deals in, a futures contract on another person’s behalf, the other person shall also be deemed to acquire, dispose of, or deal in, as the case may be, the futures contract. #### 27 Dealing in futures contracts through intermediaries: second and later steps (1) Where: (a) because of instructions given, or any other act done, by a person (in this section called the intermediary), the intermediary is, by virtue of: (i) an application of section 26; or (ii) an application of section 26 and an application, or 2 or more applications, of this section; to be deemed to acquire, dispose of, or deal in, a futures contract; and (b) the intermediary gave the instructions, or did that other act, on behalf of another person (in this section called the principal); this section has effect, except for the purposes of section 26. (2) The principal shall also be deemed to acquire, dispose of, or deal in, as the case may be, the futures contract. (3) The intermediary and: (a) if subparagraph (1)(a)(i) applies—the person who acquires, disposes of, or otherwise deals in, as the case may be; or (b) if subparagraph (1)(a)(ii) applies—the persons who, by virtue of the applications referred to in that subparagraph, are each deemed to acquire, dispose of, or deal in, as the case may be; the futures contract on the intermediary’s behalf shall each be deemed to acquire, dispose of, or deal in, as the case may be, the futures contract on the principal’s behalf. #### 28 Dealing in futures contracts, through intermediaries, on futures markets (1) This section has effect where a person acquires, disposes of, or otherwise deals in, a futures contract on a futures market and by virtue of: (a) an application of section 26; or (b) an application of section 26 and an application or applications of section 27; another person: (c) is also deemed to acquire, dispose of, or deal in, the futures contract; or (d) is deemed to acquire, dispose of, or deal in, the futures contract on a third person’s behalf. (2) The other person shall be deemed to acquire, dispose of, or deal in, the futures contract on that futures market, or on the third person’s behalf on that futures market, as the case may be. #### 29 Own account dealings and transactions: futures contracts (1) A reference to a person dealing in a futures contract, or entering into a transaction in relation to a futures contract, on the person’s own account includes a reference to a person so dealing, or entering into such a transaction, as the case may be, as principal or on behalf of: (a) in any case—an associate of the person; (b) in any case—a body corporate in which the person has a controlling interest; or (c) if the person carries on a futures broking business in partnership—a body corporate in which the person’s interests and the interests of the other partners together constitute a controlling interest. (2) A futures broker who is a member of a futures exchange or of a recognised futures exchange does not deal in a futures contract, or enter into a transaction in relation to a futures contract, on the broker’s own account merely because the dealing is with, or the transaction is entered into with, another futures broker who is a member of a futures exchange or of a recognised futures exchange. (3) Despite Division 2, a person is not an associate of another person for the purposes of subsection (1) merely because the first‑mentioned person is either or both of the following: (a) a partner of the other person otherwise than because of carrying on in partnership with the other person a business of dealing in futures contracts; (b) a director of a body corporate of which the other person is also a director, whether or not the body carries on a business of dealing in futures contracts. ### Division 5A—Types of company #### 45A Proprietary companies (1) A proprietary company is a company that is registered as, or converts to, a proprietary company under this Law. > Note 1: A proprietary company can be registered under section 118, 601BD or 1362B. A company can convert to a proprietary company under Part 2B.7. > Note 2: A proprietary company must: > Note: be limited by shares or be an unlimited company with a share capital > Note: have no more than 50 non‑employee shareholders > Note: not do anything that would require disclosure to investors under Chapter 6D (except in limited circumstances). > Note: (see section 113). (2) Small proprietary company A proprietary company is a small proprietary company for a financial year if it satisfies at least 2 of the following paragraphs: (a) the consolidated gross operating revenue for the financial year of the company and the entities it controls (if any) is less than $10 million (b) the value of the consolidated gross assets at the end of the financial year of the company and the entities it controls (if any) is less than $5 million (c) the company and the entities it controls (if any) have fewer than 50 employees at the end of the financial year. > Note: A small proprietary company generally has reduced financial reporting requirements (see subsection 292(2)). (3) Large proprietary company A proprietary company is a large proprietary company for a financial year if it satisfies at least 2 of the following paragraphs: (a) the consolidated gross operating revenue for the financial year of the company and the entities it controls (if any) is $10 million or more (b) the value of the consolidated gross assets at the end of the financial year of the company and the entities it controls (if any) is $5 million or more (c) the company and the entities it controls (if any) have 50 or more employees at the end of the financial year. When a company controls an entity (4) For the purposes of this section, the question whether a proprietary company controls an entity is to be decided in accordance with the accounting standards made for the purposes of paragraph 295(2)(d) (even if the standards do not otherwise apply to the company). (5) Counting employees In counting employees for the purposes of subsections (2) and (3), take part‑time employees into account as an appropriate fraction of a full‑time equivalent. (6) Accounting standards Consolidated gross operating revenue and the value of consolidated gross assets are to be calculated for the purposes of this section in accordance with accounting standards in force at the relevant time (even if the standard does not otherwise apply to the financial year of some or all of the companies concerned). ### Division 6—Subsidiaries and related bodies corporate #### 46 What is a subsidiary A body corporate (in this section called the first body) is a subsidiary of another body corporate if, and only if: (a) the other body: (i) controls the composition of the first body’s board; (ii) is in a position to cast, or control the casting of, more than one‑half of the maximum number of votes that might be cast at a general meeting of the first body; or (iii) holds more than one‑half of the issued share capital of the first body (excluding any part of that issued share capital that carries no right to participate beyond a specified amount in a distribution of either profits or capital); or (b) the first body is a subsidiary of a subsidiary of the other body. #### 47 Control of a body corporate’s board Without limiting by implication the circumstances in which the composition of a body corporate’s board is to be taken to be controlled by another body corporate, the composition of the board shall be taken to be so controlled if the other body, by exercising a power exercisable (whether with or without the consent or concurrence of any other person) by it, can appoint or remove all, or the majority, of the directors of the first‑mentioned body, and, for the purposes of this Division, the other body shall be deemed to have power to make such an appointment if: (a) a person cannot be appointed as a director of the first‑mentioned body without the exercise by the other body of such a power in the person’s favour; or (b) a person’s appointment as a director of the first‑mentioned body follows necessarily from the person being a director or other officer of the other body. #### 48 Matters to be disregarded (1) This section applies for the purposes of determining whether a body corporate (in this section called the first body) is a subsidiary of another body corporate. (2) Any shares held, or power exercisable, by the other body in a fiduciary capacity shall be treated as not held or exercisable by it. (3) Subject to subsections (4) and (5), any shares held, or power exercisable: (a) by a person as a nominee for the other body (except where the other body is concerned only in a fiduciary capacity); or (b) by, or by a nominee for, a subsidiary of the other body (not being a subsidiary that is concerned only in a fiduciary capacity); shall be treated as held or exercisable by the other body. (4) Any shares held, or power exercisable, by a person by virtue of the provisions of debentures of the first body, or of a trust deed for securing an issue of such debentures, shall be disregarded. (5) Any shares held, or power exercisable, otherwise than as mentioned in subsection (4), by, or by a nominee for, the other body or a subsidiary of it shall be treated as not held or exercisable by the other body if: (a) the ordinary business of the other body or that subsidiary, as the case may be, includes lending money; and (b) the shares are held, or the power is exercisable, only by way of security given for the purposes of a transaction entered into in the ordinary course of business in connection with lending money, not being a transaction entered into with an associate of the other body, or of that subsidiary, as the case may be. #### 49 References in this Division to a subsidiary A reference in paragraph 46(b) or 48(3)(b) or subsection 48(5) to being a subsidiary, or to a subsidiary, of a body corporate includes a reference to being a subsidiary, or to a body corporate that is a subsidiary, as the case may be, of the first‑mentioned body by virtue of any other application or applications of this Division. #### 50 Related bodies corporate Where a body corporate is: (a) a holding company of another body corporate; (b) a subsidiary of another body corporate; or (c) a subsidiary of a holding company of another body corporate; the first‑mentioned body and the other body are related to each other. #### 50AA Control (1) For the purposes of this Law, an entity controls a second entity if the first entity has the capacity to determine the outcome of decisions about the second entity’s financial and operating policies. (2) In determining whether the first entity has this capacity: (a) the practical influence the first entity can exert (rather than the rights it can enforce) is the issue to be considered; and (b) any practice or pattern of behaviour affecting the second entity’s financial or operating policies is to be taken into account (even if it involves a breach of an agreement or a breach of trust). (3) The first entity does not control the second entity merely because the first entity and a third entity jointly have the capacity to determine the outcome of decisions about the second entity’s financial and operating policies. (4) If the first entity: (a) has the capacity to influence decisions about the second entity’s financial and operating policies; and (b) is under a legal obligation to exercise that capacity for the benefit of someone other than the first entity’s members; the first entity is taken not to control the second entity. ### Division 7—Interpretation of other expressions #### 51 Acquisition and disposal of shares (1) For the purposes of the definition of deal in section 9 and of Chapter 7, a person acquires shares in a body corporate if, and only if: (a) the person acquires a relevant interest in those shares as a result of a transaction entered into by or on behalf of the person in relation to those shares, in relation to any other securities of that body corporate or in relation to securities of any other body corporate; or (b) the person acquires any legal or equitable interest in securities of that body corporate or in securities of any other body corporate and, as a result of the acquisition, another person acquires a relevant interest in those shares. #### 52 Doing acts A reference to doing an act or thing includes a reference to causing or authorising the act or thing to be done. #### 52A Signing Without affecting the law on agency, if this Law requires that something be signed, it can be signed by an individual using a power of attorney from the person required to sign. #### 53 Affairs of a body corporate For the purposes of the definition of examinable affairs in section 9, section 53AA, 232, 233 or 234, paragraph 461(1)(e), section 487, subsection 1307(1) or section 1309, or of a prescribed provision of this Law, the affairs of a body corporate include: (a) the promotion, formation, membership, control, business, trading, transactions and dealings (whether alone or jointly with any other person or persons and including transactions and dealings as agent, bailee or trustee), property (whether held alone or jointly with any other person or persons and including property held as agent, bailee or trustee), liabilities (including liabilities owed jointly with any other person or persons and liabilities as trustee), profits and other income, receipts, losses, outgoings and expenditure of the body; (b) in the case of a body corporate (not being an authorised trustee corporation) that is a trustee (but without limiting the generality of paragraph (a))—matters concerned with the ascertainment of the identity of the persons who are beneficiaries under the trust, their rights under the trust and any payments that they have received, or are entitled to receive, under the terms of the trust; (c) the internal management and proceedings of the body; (d) any act or thing done (including any contract made and any transaction entered into) by or on behalf of the body, or to or in relation to the body or its business or property, at a time when: (i) a receiver, or a receiver and manager, is in possession of, or has control over, property of the body; (ii) the body is under administration; (iia) a deed of company arrangement executed by the body has not yet terminated; (iii) a compromise or arrangement made between the body and any other person or persons is being administered; or (iv) the body is being wound up; and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any conduct of such a receiver or such a receiver and manager, of an administrator of the body, of an administrator of such a deed of company arrangement, of a person administering such a compromise or arrangement or of a liquidator or provisional liquidator of the body; (e) the ownership of shares in, debentures of, and interests in a managed investment scheme made available by, the body; (f) the power of persons to exercise, or to control the exercise of, the rights to vote attached to shares in the body or to dispose of, or to exercise control over the disposal of, such shares; (g) matters concerned with the ascertainment of the persons who are or have been financially interested in the success or failure, or apparent success or failure, of the body or are or have been able to control or materially to influence the policy of the body; (h) the circumstances under which a person acquired or disposed of, or became entitled to acquire or dispose of, shares in, debentures of, or interests in a managed investment scheme made available by, the body; (j) where the body has made available interests in a managed investment scheme—any matters concerning the financial or business undertaking, scheme, common enterprise or investment contract to which the interests relate; and (k) matters relating to or arising out of the audit of, or working papers or reports of an auditor concerning, any matters referred to in a preceding paragraph. #### 53AA Business affairs of a body corporate A body corporate’s business affairs include (without limitation): (a) any of the body’s affairs (including anything that is included in the body’s affairs because of section 53); and (b) matters concerned with ascertaining the corporations with which the body is or has been connected. #### 53AB Business affairs of a natural person A natural person’s business affairs include (without limitation): (a) the person’s examinable operations and examinable assets and liabilities; and (b) any act done (including any contract made and any transaction entered into) by or on behalf of the person, or to or in relation to the person or his or her business or property, at a time when: (i) the person was, under the Bankruptcy Act 1966 or the law of an external Territory, a bankrupt in respect of a bankruptcy from which the person had not been discharged; or (ii) the person had, under a law of an external Territory or of a foreign country, the status of an undischarged bankrupt; or (iii) the person’s property was subject to control under Division 2 of Part X of the Bankruptcy Act 1966 because of an authority given by the person under section 188 of that Act; or (iv) a deed of assignment, deed of arrangement, or composition, under Part X of the Bankruptcy Act 1966 or under the corresponding provisions of the law of an external Territory or of a foreign country was in effect in relation to the person or the person’s property; and (c) without limiting the generality of paragraph (b), any conduct of the trustee of such a bankrupt estate or of such a deed of assignment or arrangement, a person acting under such an authority or a person administering such a composition; and (d) matters concerned with ascertaining the corporations with which the person is or has been connected. #### 53AC Business affairs of a partnership A partnership’s business affairs include (without limitation): (a) the partnership’s promotion, formation, membership, control, examinable operations and examinable assets and liabilities; and (b) the partnership’s management and proceedings; and (c) any act done (including any contract made and any transaction entered into) by or on behalf of the partnership, or to or in relation to the partnership, at a time when the partnership is being wound up; and (d) matters concerned with ascertaining the corporations with which the partnership is or has been connected. #### 53AD Business affairs of a trust A trust’s business affairs include (without limitation): (a) the creation of the trust; and (b) matters arising under, or otherwise relating to, the terms of the trust; and (c) the appointment and removal of a trustee of the trust; and (d) the business, trading, transactions and dealings of the trustee of the trust; and (e) the profits, income and receipts of the trustee of the trust; and (f) the losses, outgoings and expenditure of the trustee of the trust; and (g) the trust property, including transactions and dealings in, and the income arising from, the trust property; and (h) the liabilities of the trustee of the trust; and (j) the management of the trust; and (k) any act done (including any contract made and any transaction entered into) by or on behalf of the trustee of the trust, or to or in relation to the trust, at a time when the trust is being wound up; and (l) matters concerned with ascertaining the corporations with which the trust is or has been connected. #### 54 Chapter 8 agreements of the same kind A Chapter 8 agreement is of the same kind as another Chapter 8 agreement if, and only if, the provisions of the first‑mentioned Chapter 8 agreement are the same as, or not materially different from, the provisions of the other Chapter 8 agreement, disregarding: (a) the fact that the parties to the respective Chapter 8 agreements are different; and (b) any difference in the amounts payable under corresponding provisions of the respective Chapter 8 agreements. #### 55 Chapter 8 obligations and rights (1) A Chapter 8 obligation, or a Chapter 8 right, is an obligation or right, as the case may be, whether or not enforceable at law or in equity. (2) A reference to a Chapter 8 obligation of a particular kind includes a reference to alternative Chapter 8 obligations one of which is a Chapter 8 obligation of that kind. #### 56 Classes of futures organisation membership A reference to a member, in relation to a body corporate that is, or proposes to become, a futures organisation, is, if the body may operate otherwise than as a futures organisation and any of the rules, regulations or by‑laws made by the body or contained in its constituent documents provide for: (a) a separate class of membership for persons to whom the operation of the body otherwise than as a futures organisation relates (whether or not such persons may be members within another class of membership); or (b) 2 or more such separate classes of membership; a reference to a person in the person’s capacity as a member of the body in a class of membership other than that separate class or those separate classes, as the case may be. #### 57 Classes of shares or interests in managed investment schemes (1) The shares in a body corporate, if not divided into 2 or more classes, constitute a class. (2) If the interests in a managed investment scheme to which an undertaking relates are not divided into 2 or more classes, they constitute a class. #### 57A Meaning of corporation (1) Subject to this section, in this Law, corporation includes: (a) any body corporate, whether incorporated in this jurisdiction or elsewhere; and (b) a company; and (c) a recognised company; and (d) an unincorporated body that: (i) is formed outside this jurisdiction; and (ii) under the law of its place of formation, may sue or be sued, or may hold property in the name of its secretary or of an officer of the body duly appointed for that purpose; and (iii) does not have its head office or principal place of business in this jurisdiction. (2) Neither of the following is a corporation: (a) an exempt public authority; (b) a corporation sole. (3) A financial institution (as defined by section 111AZA) is not a corporation for the purposes of this Law. (4) An exempt body in relation to this jurisdiction (as defined in section 66A) is not a corporation. #### 58 Corresponding laws and corresponding previous laws (1) A reference, in relation to this Law, to a corresponding law is a reference to the Corporations Law of another jurisdiction. (2) A reference, in relation to a provision of this Law, to a corresponding law, or a reference to a law corresponding to a provision of this Law, is a reference to the provision of the Corporations Law of another jurisdiction that corresponds to that provision of this Law. (3) A reference to a corresponding previous law is a reference: (a) to a previous law of this jurisdiction that corresponds, in whole or in part, to this Law, to the extent that it so corresponds; and (b) except where the contrary intention appears—to a previous law of another jurisdiction that corresponds to a law referred to in paragraph (a). (4) A reference, in relation to a provision of this Law, to a corresponding previous law, or a reference to a previous law corresponding to a provision of this Law, is a reference: (a) to a provision of a previous law of this jurisdiction that: (i) corresponds to that provision of this Law; or (ii) is declared by the regulations to be a provision that so corresponds; and (b) except where the contrary intention appears—to a provision of a previous law of another jurisdiction that corresponds to the provision referred to in paragraph (a). (5) A reference to the lodgment or registration of a prospectus under a corresponding previous law is a reference to the lodgment of a copy of a prospectus with, or the registration of a copy of a prospectus by, as the case may be, the NCSC under: (a) a corresponding previous law of this jurisdiction; or (b) a law of another jurisdiction that corresponds to that corresponding previous law. #### 58A Recognition of acts etc. done under corresponding laws (1) A reference to an act done by or in relation to the Commission is a reference to such an act done under or for the purposes of the Corporations Law of this or any other jurisdiction. (2) A reference to an act done by or in relation to a court is a reference to such an act done under or for the purposes of the Corporations Law of this or any other jurisdiction. #### 58AA Meaning of court and Court (1) Subject to subsection (3), in this Law: > court means any court when exercising the jurisdiction of this jurisdiction. > Court means any of the following courts when exercising the jurisdiction of this jurisdiction: (a) the Federal Court; (b) the Supreme Court of this or any other jurisdiction; (c) the Family Court of Australia; (d) a court to which section 41 of the Family Law Act 1975 applies because of a Proclamation made under subsection 41(2) of that Act. (2) Except where there is a clear expression of a contrary intention (for example, by use of the expression the Court), proceedings in relation to a matter under this Law may, subject to the Acts mentioned in subsection (3), be brought in any court. (3) The jurisdiction that courts have in relation to matters under this Law is dealt with in Part 9 of each of the following: (a) the Corporations Act 1989; (b) the Corporations (New South Wales) Act 1990 of New South Wales; (c) the Corporations (Victoria) Act 1990 of Victoria; (d) the Corporations (Queensland) Act 1990 of Queensland; (e) the Corporations (Western Australia) Act 1990 of Western Australia; (f) the Corporations (South Australia) Act, 1990 of South Australia; (g) the Corporations (Tasmania) Act 1990 of Tasmania; (h) the Corporations (Northern Territory) Act 1990 of the Northern Territory. (4) The matters dealt with in those Parts of those Acts include the applicability of limits on the jurisdictional competence of courts. #### 58B Discharge of obligations under this Law (1) Except as expressly provided in this Law, any act done, whether within Australia or elsewhere, which, if it had been done under or for the purposes of this Law, would have discharged an obligation under this Law, discharges that obligation. (2) Subject to subsection (3), an act required to be done under this Law may, for the purposes of this Law, be done anywhere in Australia, whether within or outside this jurisdiction. (3) Nothing in subsection (2) affects the operation of any provision of this Law that: (a) expressly requires a particular act to be done within this jurisdiction; or (b) expressly or by implication permits a particular act to be done outside Australia. #### 59 Debentures as consideration for acquisition of shares A reference to a body corporate that offers debentures as consideration for the acquisition of shares in a body corporate includes a reference to a body corporate that offers a cash sum as consideration for the acquisition of shares where it is to be a term of the contract for the acquisition of those shares that the offeree makes, or that the sum is applied in whole or in part in making, a payment by way of deposit with, or loan to, the body corporate that offers the sum. #### 61 Discretionary accounts A reference to operation by a futures broker on a discretionary account is a reference to dealings by the broker in futures contracts on instructions of another person that authorise the broker to deal in futures contracts without the prior approval of that other person, whether: (a) the instructions are given by, and the money used for operating on the account is provided by, one person only; or (b) the instructions are given by, and the money used for operating on the account is contributed as a common fund by, each of a number of persons; not being dealings on instructions that authorise dealings in futures contracts without the prior approval of that other person only as to the time when or the price at which the dealings are to be effected, or both. #### 64 Entering into a transaction in relation to shares or securities A reference in section 51 or Chapter 6 to entering into a transaction in relation to shares or securities includes a reference to: (a) entering into, or becoming a party to, a relevant agreement in relation to the shares or securities; and (b) exercising an option to have the shares or securities allotted. #### 64A Entities Except in Chapter 2E, a reference to an entity: (a) is a reference to a natural person, a body corporate (other than an exempt public authority), a partnership or a trust; and (b) includes, in the case of a trust, a reference to the trustee of the trust. #### 64B Entities connected with a corporation Body corporate (1) A body corporate is connected with a corporation if, and only if, the corporation: (a) can control, or influence materially, the body’s activities or internal affairs; or (b) is a member of the body; or (c) is in a position to cast, or to control the casting of, a vote at a general meeting of the body; or (d) has power to dispose of, or to exercise control over the disposal of, a share in the body; or (e) is financially interested in the body’s success or failure or apparent success or failure; or (f) is owed a debt by the body; or (g) is engaged by the body under a contract for services; or (h) acts as agent for the body in any transaction or dealing. Natural person (2) A natural person is connected with a corporation if, and only if, the corporation: (a) is a trustee of a trust under which the person is capable of benefiting; or (b) is engaged by the person under a contract for services; or (c) acts as agent for the person in any transaction or dealing; or (d) is an attorney of the person under a power of attorney; or (e) has appointed the person as the corporation’s attorney under a power of attorney; or (f) is given financial, business or legal advice by the person in the performance of the functions attaching to the person’s professional capacity. Partnership (3) A partnership is connected with a corporation if, and only if, the corporation: (a) is a partner in the partnership; or (b) can control, or influence materially, the partnership’s activities or internal affairs; or (c) is financially interested in the partnership’s success or failure or apparent success or failure; or (d) is a creditor of the partnership; or (e) is engaged by the partnership under a contract for services; or (f) acts as agent for the partnership in any transaction or dealing. Trust (4) A trust is connected with a corporation if, and only if, the corporation: (a) is the settlor, or one of the settlors, of the trust; or (b) has power under the terms of the trust to appoint or remove a trustee of the trust or to vary, or cause to be varied, any of the terms of the trust; or (c) is a trustee of the trust; or (d) can control, or influence materially, the activities of the trust; or (e) is capable of benefiting under the trust; or (f) is a creditor of the trustee of the trust; or (g) is engaged by the trustee of the trust under a contract for services; or (h) acts as agent for the trustee of the trust in any transaction or dealing. #### 65 Eligible money market dealer ASIC may declare a body corporate to be an authorised dealer in the short term money market by notice published in the Gazette. #### 66A Exempt bodies (1) Each of the following is an exempt body in relation to New South Wales: (a) a society, association or union registered under the Co‑operation Act 1923 of New South Wales; (b) a co‑operative within the meaning of the Co‑operatives Act 1992 of New South Wales or a foreign co‑operative within the meaning of that Act registered under Division 3 of Part 2 of that Act; (d) a registrable body or recognised company in respect of which an exemption from compliance with subsection 61(1) of the Co‑operation Act 1923 of New South Wales is in force; (e) an association, society, club, institution or body incorporated under the Associations Incorporation Act 1984 of New South Wales. (2A) Each of the following is an exempt body in relation to Victoria: (a) an incorporated association within the meaning of the Associations Incorporation Act 1981 of Victoria; (c) a society within the meaning of the Co‑operation Act 1981 of Victoria and a foreign society registered under Part XI of that Act; (d) a co‑operative housing society within the meaning of the Co‑operative Housing Societies Act 1958 of Victoria. (2) Each of the following is an exempt body in relation to Queensland: (a) a society within the meaning of the Co‑operative and Other Societies Act 1967‑1986 of Queensland; (c) a society within the meaning of the Co‑operative Housing Societies Act 1958‑1974 of Queensland; (d) an association within the meaning of the Primary Producers’ Co‑operative Associations Act 1923 of Queensland; (e) an association, society, institution or body incorporated under the Associations Incorporation Act 1981‑1989 of Queensland. (3) A body corporate is an exempt body in relation to South Australia if, and only if: (a) it is not a company for the purposes of section 9 of the Corporations Law of South Australia; and (b) it is incorporated by or under a law of South Australia other than that Law or a corresponding previous law. (4) Each of the following is an exempt body in relation to Western Australia: (a) a society within the meaning of section 5 of the Building Societies Act 1976 of Western Australia; (b) The WA Teachers Financial Society Limited; (c) a co‑operative company registered under: (i) Part VI of the Companies (Co‑operative) Act 1943 of Western Australia; or (ii) a previous law of Western Australia that corresponds to that Part; (d) a society registered under the Co‑operative and Provident Societies Act 1903 of Western Australia; (e) an association, society, institution or body incorporated under the Associations Incorporation Act 1987 of Western Australia. (5) Each of the following is an exempt body in relation to Tasmania: (a) a trustee bank registered under the Trustee Banks Act 1984 of Tasmania; (b) a society, other than a financial institution, registered under the Co‑operative Industrial Societies Act 1928, or the Co‑operative Housing Societies Act 1963, of Tasmania; (c) an association, society, institution or body incorporated under the Associations Incorporation Act 1964 of Tasmania; (d) a body corporate created by section 75Q of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act 1884 of Tasmania. (6) Each of the following is an exempt body in relation to the Northern Territory: (a) the Cullen Bay Marina Management Corporation; (c) a society registered under the Co‑operative Societies Act of the Northern Territory; (d) an association, society, institution or body incorporated under the Associations Incorporation Act of the Northern Territory; (e) a corporation constituted under the Unit Titles Act of the Northern Territory. (7) Each of the following is an exempt body in relation to the Capital Territory: (a) a society registered under the Co‑operative Societies Act 1939 of the Capital Territory; (b) an association, society, institution or body incorporated under the Associations Incorporation Act 1953 of the Capital Territory; (c) a corporation constituted under the Unit Titles Act 1970 of the Capital Territory. #### 67 Exempt brokers and exempt futures advisers (1) A body corporate is both an exempt broker and an exempt futures adviser if it is: (a) a prescribed body corporate; or (b) an exempt public authority in relation to which a declaration is in force under subsection (2). (2) The Minister may by writing declare that paragraph (1)(b) applies in relation to specified bodies corporate. (3) The Commission shall cause a copy of an instrument executed under subsection (2) to be published in the Gazette. (4) Subject to this section, a person is an exempt broker or an exempt futures adviser if the person is a futures broker or futures adviser, as the case may be, but does not carry on a futures broking business or a futures advice business, as the case may be, except: (a) as an official receiver or trustee within the meaning of the Bankruptcy Act 1966; or (b) as a receiver, receiver and manager, or liquidator, appointed by a court; or (c) as a person appointed by a court to carry on the business concerned; or (d) as a receiver, receiver and manager, or liquidator, appointed otherwise than by a court; or (e) as an administrator of a body corporate; or (ea) as an administrator of a deed of company arrangement executed by a body corporate; (f) as a trustee or other person administering a compromise or arrangement between a body corporate and any other person or persons; or (g) as a personal representative of a dead futures broker or futures adviser, as the case may be; or (h) in such other capacity, or in such other circumstances, as are prescribed. (5) A person who carries on a futures broking business or futures advice business in a capacity referred to in any of paragraphs (4)(d) to (g), inclusive, shall be deemed for the purposes of subsection (4) to carry on the business otherwise than in that capacity unless there is in force under subsection (6) an approval of the person carrying on the business in that capacity. (6) The Commission may, on application by a person and after having regard to: (a) the prescribed matters (if any); and (b) such matters as it thinks appropriate; by writing approve of the person carrying on a specified futures broking business or futures advice business in a specified capacity, being a capacity referred to in any of paragraphs (4)(d) to (g), inclusive. (7) A person is not an exempt broker or an exempt futures adviser except as provided by this section. #### 68 Exempt dealers and exempt investment advisers (1) A person is both an exempt dealer and an exempt investment adviser if the person is: (a) an eligible money market dealer; or (b) an exempt public authority. (2) Subject to this section, a person is an exempt dealer or an exempt investment adviser if the person is a dealer or investment adviser, as the case may be, but does not carry on a securities business or an investment advice business, as the case may be, except: (a) as an official receiver or trustee within the meaning of the Bankruptcy Act 1966; (b) as a receiver, receiver and manager, or liquidator, appointed by a court; (c) as a person appointed by a court to carry on the business concerned; (d) by virtue of the person’s powers, as Public Trustee, under a prescribed law of a State or Territory; (e) as a receiver, receiver and manager, or liquidator, appointed otherwise than by a court; (f) as an administrator of a body corporate; or (fa) as an administrator of a deed of company arrangement executed by a body corporate; or (g) as a trustee or other person administering a compromise or arrangement between a body corporate and any other person or persons; (h) as a personal representative of a dead dealer or investment adviser, as the case may be; or (j) in such other capacity, or in such other circumstances, as are prescribed. (3) A body corporate that carries on, or holds itself out as carrying on, a business of dealing in debentures of that body is an exempt dealer if it neither carries on, nor holds itself out as carrying on, a business of dealing in any other securities. (4) A person who carries on a securities business or investment advice business in a capacity referred to in any of paragraphs (2)(e) to (h), inclusive, shall be deemed for the purposes of subsection (2) to carry on the business otherwise than in that capacity unless there is in force under subsection (5) an approval of the person carrying on the business in that capacity. (5) The Commission may, on application by a person and after having regard to: (a) the prescribed matters (if any); and (b) such matters as it thinks appropriate; by writing approve of the person carrying on a specified securities business or investment advice business in a specified capacity, being a capacity referred to in any of paragraphs (2)(e) to (h), inclusive. (6) A person who carries on a securities business or investment advice business as a personal representative of a dead dealer or investment adviser, as the case may be, shall be deemed for the purposes of subsection (2) to stop carrying on that business as such a personal representative: (a) at the end of 6 months after the death of the dealer or investment adviser; (b) on being discharged or removed as a personal representative of the dealer or investment adviser; or (c) on the final distribution of the estate of the dealer or investment adviser; whichever happens first. (7) A person is not an exempt dealer or an exempt investment adviser except as provided by this section. #### 68A Exempt interests in managed investment schemes in relation to a jurisdiction (1) Each of the following is an exempt interest in a managed investment scheme in relation to Western Australia: (a) an interest in a registered scheme that a registered co‑operative company has issued, or proposes to issue, to a member of the company (b) an interest in a registered scheme in so far as a registered co‑operative company (i) offers the interest to a member of the company for subscription or purchase; or (ii) invites such a member to subscribe for or buy the interest (c) an interest in a registered scheme in so far as: (i) a registered co‑operative company: (A) offers the interest to a person other than a member of the company; or (B) invites a person other than a member to subscribe for or buy the interest; and (ii) the terms or circumstances of the offer or invitation are such that, if the offer, or an offer that the person makes because of the invitation, is accepted, the acceptance will result in the person becoming a member of the company. (2) In subsection (1): > registered co‑operative company means a body of the kind referred to in paragraph 66A(4)(c). #### 70 Extension of period for doing an act Where this Law confers power to extend the period for doing an act, an application for the exercise of the power may be made, and the power may be exercised, even if the period, or the period as last extended, as the case requires, has ended. #### 71 Futures advice business (1) A reference to a futures advice business, in relation to a person, is a reference to: (a) a business of advising other persons about futures contracts; or (b) a business in the course of which the person publishes futures reports. (3) The remaining provisions of this subsection apply for the purposes of determining: (a) whether or not a person carries on a futures advice business; and (b) what constitutes a futures advice business carried on by a person; and (c) whether or not a person holds himself, herself or itself out to be a futures adviser. (4) If the person is a solicitor or accountant in public practice as such, an act that the person does shall be disregarded if it is merely incidental to the practice of his or her profession. (5) The fact that the person advises other persons about futures contracts, or publishes futures reports, in some or all of the following circumstances shall be disregarded: (a) in a newspaper or periodical: (i) of which the person is the proprietor or publisher; and (ii) that is generally available to the public otherwise than only on subscription; (b) in the course of, or by means of, transmissions that: (i) the person makes by means of an information service; or (ii) are made by means of an information service that the person owns, operates or makes available; and are generally available to the public; (c) in sound recordings, video recordings, or data recordings, that the person makes generally available to the public in either or both of the following ways: (i) by supplying copies of them to the public; (ii) by causing the sound recordings to be heard by, the video recordings to be seen and heard by, or the contents of the data recordings to be displayed or reproduced for, the public, as the case may be. (6) Subsection (5) does not apply in relation to a newspaper or periodical, or transmissions, sound recordings, video recordings or data recordings, whose sole or principal purpose is to advise other persons about futures contracts or to publish futures reports. (7) The fact that the person holds himself, herself or itself out as advising other persons, or publishing futures reports, as mentioned in subsection (5) shall be disregarded. (8) An act that the person does: (a) while employed by, or acting for or by arrangement with, another person; (b) as employee or agent of, or otherwise on behalf of, on account of, or for the benefit of, the other person; and (c) in connection with a futures advice business carried on by the other person; shall be disregarded. #### 72 Futures contract (1) A futures contract is: (a) a Chapter 8 agreement that is, or has at any time been, an eligible commodity agreement or adjustment agreement; (b) a futures option; or (c) an eligible exchange‑traded option; other than: (d) a Chapter 8 agreement: (i) that is: (A) a currency swap; (B) an interest rate swap; (C) a forward exchange rate contract; or (D) a forward interest rate contract; and (ii) to which an Australian bank, or a merchant bank as defined by subsection (4), is a party; or (e) a Chapter 8 agreement that, when entered into, is in a class of agreements prescribed for the purposes of this paragraph. > Note: Regulations under subsection 72A(2) may provide that specified provisions of this Law and the regulations apply in relation to Chapter 8 agreements to which section 72A applies as if the agreements were futures contracts. (2) Where a Chapter 8 agreement that was not a futures contract when it was entered into becomes a futures contract at a later time: (a) the parties to the Chapter 8 agreement shall be deemed to enter into a futures contract at the later time; and (b) the Chapter 8 agreement shall be deemed to constitute the futures contract referred to in paragraph (a). (3) Nothing in this Law limits the manner in which a class of futures contracts may be determined and such a class may be determined according to any criteria relevant to futures contracts. (4) For the purposes of subparagraph (1)(d)(ii), a body corporate is a merchant bank at a particular time if, and only if, it is at that time a registered corporation in: (a) the category for authorised money market dealers or, if there is at that time no such category, a prescribed category; or (b) the category for money market corporations or, if there is at that time no such category, a prescribed category. (5) An expression has the same meaning in subsection (4) as in the Financial Corporations Act 1974. #### 72A Law applies to certain Chapter 8 agreements as if they were futures contracts (1) This section applies to Chapter 8 agreements: (a) that are entered into on a futures market of a futures exchange; and (b) that are of a kind prescribed for the purposes of this paragraph. (2) The regulations may, in relation to Chapter 8 agreements to which this section applies: (a) provide that specified provisions of this Law and the regulations apply in relation to the agreements as if the agreements were futures contracts; and (b) provide that specified provisions of this Law and the regulations do not apply in relation to the agreements; and (c) make modifications of this Law and the regulations as applying in relation to the agreements. (3) Modifications made by regulations referred to in paragraph (2)(c) may be of provisions specified in regulations referred to in paragraph (2)(a) or of other provisions of this Law or the regulations. #### 73 Futures representatives (1) Subject to subsection (2), a person is a futures representative of another person if, and only if, the first‑mentioned person: (a) is employed by; or (b) acts for or by arrangement with; the other person in connection with a futures broking business or futures advice business carried on by the other person. (2) Except for the purposes of paragraph 87(1)(b): (a) a person who holds a proper authority from a futures licensee is a futures representative of the licensee; and (b) a person who holds an invalid futures authority from another person is a futures representative of the other person. (3) Subject to subsection (4), a person does an act, or engages in conduct, as a futures representative of another person if, and only if, the first‑mentioned person does the act, or engages in the conduct: (a) in connection with a futures broking business or futures advice business carried on by the other person; (b) while the first‑mentioned person is a futures representative of the other person; (c) as employee or agent of, or otherwise on behalf of, on account of, or for the benefit of, the other person; and (d) otherwise than in the course of work of a kind ordinarily done by accountants, clerks or cashiers. (4) Except for the purposes of Division 4 of Part 8.3, a person who holds himself, herself or itself out to be a futures representative of another person does an act as a futures representative of the other person. #### 73A When a court is taken to find a person guilty of an offence An Australian court finds a person guilty of an offence if, and only if: (a) the court convicts the person of the offence; or (b) the person is charged before the court with the offence and is found in the court to have committed the offence, but the court does not proceed to convict the person of the offence. #### 75 Inclusion in official list A reference to a body corporate or other person included in an official list of a body corporate is a reference to: (a) a body corporate or other person whose name is included in that official list; or (b) a body corporate or other person whose name has been changed but whose previous name was included in that official list immediately before the change and is still so included. #### 77 Investment advice business (1) A reference to an investment advice business, in relation to a person, is a reference to: (a) a business of advising other persons about securities; or (b) a business in the course of which the person publishes securities reports. (3) The remaining provisions of this section apply for the purposes of determining: (a) whether or not a person carries on an investment advice business; and (b) what constitutes an investment advice business carried on by a person; and (c) whether or not a person holds himself, herself, or itself out to be an investment adviser. (4) If the person is a body corporate authorised by a law of a State or Territory to take in its own name a grant of probate of the will, or a grant of letters of administration of the estate, of a dead person, an act done by the first‑mentioned person shall be disregarded. (5) If the person is a solicitor or accountant in public practice as such, an act that the person does shall be disregarded if it is merely incidental to the practice of his or her profession. (6) The fact that the person advises other persons about securities, or publishes securities reports, in some or all of the following circumstances shall be disregarded: (a) in a newspaper or periodical: (i) of which the person is the proprietor or publisher; and (ii) that is generally available to the public otherwise than only on subscription; (b) in the course of, or by means of, transmissions that: (i) the person makes by means of an information service; or (ii) are made by means of an information service that the person owns, operates or makes available; and are generally available to the public; (c) in sound recordings, video recordings, or data recordings, that the person makes generally available to the public in either or both of the following ways: (i) by supplying copies of them to the public; or (ii) by causing the sound recordings to be heard by, the video recordings to be seen and heard by, or the contents of the data recordings to be displayed or reproduced for, the public, as the case may be. (7) Subsection (6) does not apply in relation to a newspaper or periodical, or transmissions, sound recordings, video recordings or data recordings, as the case may be, whose sole or principal purpose is to advise other persons about securities or to publish securities reports. (8) The fact that the person holds himself, herself or itself out as advising other persons, or publishing securities reports, as mentioned in subsection (6) shall be disregarded. (9) An act that the person does: (a) while employed by, or acting for or by arrangement with, another person; (b) as employee or agent of, or otherwise on behalf of, on account of, or for the benefit of, the other person; and (c) in connection with an investment advice business carried on by the other person; shall be disregarded. #### 79 Involvement in contraventions A person is involved in a contravention if, and only if, the person: (a) has aided, abetted, counselled or procured the contravention; (b) has induced, whether by threats or promises or otherwise, the contravention; (c) has been in any way, by act or omission, directly or indirectly, knowingly concerned in, or party to, the contravention; or (d) has conspired with others to effect the contravention. #### 80 Jervis Bay Territory taken to be part of the Australian Capital Territory The Jervis Bay Territory is taken to be part of the Australian Capital Territory. #### 80A References to Ministers (1) In this Law: > Minister means one of the Queen’s Ministers of State for the Commonwealth and, in relation to any particular Minister, includes any other Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being acting for or on behalf of that Minister. > the Minister for a jurisdiction means the person who is the Minister for that jurisdiction for the purposes of the Corporations Law of that jurisdiction. (2) Where a provision of this Law refers to a Minister, using the expression the Minister without specifying which Minister is referred to, the expression means: (a) if, for the time being, 2 or more Ministers administer the Corporations Act 1989—any one of those Ministers; or (b) otherwise—the Minister for the time being administering that Act. (3) Where this Law refers to a Minister, specifying the Minister merely by reference to the fact that the Minister administers a specified Act, or a specified provision of an Act, it refers to: (a) if, for the time being, different Ministers administer the specified Act or provision in respect of different matters: (i) if 2 or more Ministers administer the specified Act or provision in respect of the relevant matter—any one of those Ministers; or (ii) if only one Minister administers the specified Act or provision in respect of the relevant matter—that Minister; or (b) if paragraph (a) does not apply and, for the time being, 2 or more Ministers administer the specified Act or provision—any one of those Ministers; or (c) otherwise—the Minister for the time being administering the specified Act or provision. (4) To avoid doubt, where: (a) a provision of an Act is administered by 2 or more Ministers; and (b) because of this section, a provision of this Law requires or permits anything to be done by or in relation to any one of those Ministers; that provision of this Law does not require or permit it to be done in any particular case by or in relation to more than one of those Ministers. #### 82 Offers and invitations to the public A reference in this Law to, or to the making of, an offer to the public or to, or to the issuing of, an invitation to the public shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be construed as including a reference to, or to the making of, an offer to any section of the public or to, or to the issuing of, an invitation to any section of the public, as the case may be, whether selected as clients of the person making the offer or issuing the invitation or in any other manner and notwithstanding that the offer is capable of acceptance only by each person to whom it is made or that an offer or application may be made pursuant to the invitation only by a person to whom the invitation is issued, but a bona fide offer or invitation shall not be taken to be an offer or invitation to the public if it: (a) is an offer or invitation to enter into an underwriting agreement; (b) is made or issued to a person whose ordinary business is to buy or sell shares, debentures or interests in managed investment schemes, whether as principal or agent; (c) is made or issued to existing members or debenture holders of a corporation and relates to shares in, or debentures of, that corporation; or (d) is made or issued to existing members of a company in connection with a proposal referred to in section 507 and relates to shares in that company. #### 82A Officers of bodies corporate and other entities (1) Subject to subsection (2), officer, in relation to: (a) a body corporate; or (b) an entity; includes: (c) a director, secretary, executive officer or employee of the body or entity; and (d) a receiver and manager, appointed under a power contained in an instrument, of property of the body or entity; and (e) an administrator of the body or entity; and (ea) an administrator of a deed of company arrangement executed by the body or entity; and (f) a liquidator of the body or entity appointed in a voluntary winding up of the body or entity; and (g) a trustee or other person administering a compromise or arrangement made between the body or entity and any other person or persons. (2) None of the following is an officer of a body corporate, or of an entity: (a) a receiver who is not also a manager; (b) a receiver and manager appointed by a court; (c) a liquidator appointed by a court. #### 83 Officers, and other persons, in default (1) A reference, in relation to a contravention, to an officer of a body corporate, or to a person, who is in default is a reference to an officer of the body (including a person who later ceases to be such an officer), or to a person, as the case may be, who is involved in the contravention. #### 84 Own account dealings and transactions: securities A person deals in, or enters into a transaction of sale or purchase of, securities on the person’s own account if, and only if, the person deals in the securities, or enters into the transaction, as principal or on behalf of: (a) in any case—an associate of the person; (b) in any case—a body corporate in which the person has a controlling interest; or (c) if the person carries on a securities business in partnership—a body corporate in which the person’s interest and the interests of the other partners together constitute a controlling interest. #### 85A Person etc. In this Law, expressions used to denote persons generally (such as person, party, someone, anyone, no‑one, one, another and whoever), include a body politic or corporate as well as an individual. #### 86 Possession A thing that is in a person’s custody or under a person’s control is in the person’s possession. #### 87 Proper authority from futures licensee; invalid futures authority (1) A reference, in relation to a person (in this subsection called the representative), to a proper authority from a futures licensee (in this subsection called the principal) is a reference to a copy of the licence on which have been endorsed: (a) a statement: (i) certifying the copy to be a true copy of the licence; (ii) stating that the representative is employed by, or acts for or by arrangement with, the principal; and (iii) signed by the principal; and (b) in relation to each futures licensee (if any), other than the principal, of whom the representative is a futures representative, a statement that: (i) sets out the name of the licensee; (ii) states that the representative is employed by, or acts for or by arrangement with, the licensee; (iii) states that the licensee consents to the representative being employed by, or acting for or by arrangement with, the principal; and (iv) is signed by the licensee. (1A) A reference, in relation to a person (in this subsection called the representative), to a proper authority from a futures licensee (in this subsection called the principal) includes a reference to a document that, immediately before the commencement of Division 3 of Part 8.3, was a proper authority from that principal in relation to that representative under a previous law that corresponds to subsection (1). (2) A reference, in relation to a person (in this subsection called the representative), to an invalid futures authority from a person (in this subsection called the principal) is a reference to a document: (a) on which is endorsed a statement: (i) stating that the representative is employed by, or acts for or by arrangement with, the principal; and (ii) signed by the principal; and (b) that purports to be a copy of a futures licence and to be a proper authority of the representative from the principal, but is not in fact such a proper authority; whether or not: (c) the principal is, or has ever been, a futures licensee; or (d) the document is in fact a copy of a futures licence that exists or has ever existed. (3) For the purposes of this section, a statement is signed by a person if, and only if, it is signed: (a) if the person is a natural person—by the person; or (b) if the person is a body corporate: (i) by a director or secretary; or (ii) by an executive officer who is authorised to sign the statement. #### 88 Proper authority from securities licensee; invalid securities authority (1) A reference, in relation to a person (in this subsection called the representative), to a proper authority from a securities licensee (in this subsection called the principal) is a reference to a copy of the licence on which are endorsed: (a) a statement: (i) certifying the copy to be a true copy of the licence; (ii) stating that the representative is employed by, or acts for or by arrangement with, the principal; and (iii) signed by the principal; and (b) in relation to each licensee (if any), other than the principal, of whom the representative is a securities representative, a statement that: (i) sets out the name of the licensee; (ii) states that the representative is employed by, or acts for or by arrangement with, the licensee; (iii) states that the licensee consents to the representative being employed by, or acting for or by arrangement with, the principal; and (iv) is signed by the licensee. (1A) A reference, in relation to a person (in this subsection called the representative), to a proper authority from a securities licensee (in this subsection called the principal) includes a reference to a document that, immediately before the commencement of Division 3 of Part 7.3, was a proper authority from that principal in relation to that representative under a previous law that corresponds to subsection (1). (2) A reference, in relation to a person (in this subsection called the representative), to an invalid securities authority from a person (in this subsection called the principal) is a reference to a document: (a) on which is endorsed a statement: (i) stating that the representative is employed by, or acts for or by arrangement with, the principal; and (ii) signed by the principal; and (b) that purports to be a copy of a securities licence and to be a proper authority of the representative from the principal, but is not in fact such a proper authority; whether or not: (c) the principal is, or has ever been, a securities licensee; or (d) the document is in fact a copy of a securities licence that exists or has ever existed. (3) For the purposes of this section, a statement is signed by a person if, and only if, it is signed: (a) if the person is a natural person—by the person; or (b) if the person is a body corporate: (i) by a director or secretary; or (ii) by an executive officer who is authorised to sign the statement. #### 88A Public document of a body corporate (1) Subject to this section, public document, in relation to a body, means: (a) an instrument of, or purporting to be signed, issued or published by or on behalf of, the body that: (i) when signed, issued or published, is intended to be lodged or is required by or under this Law or the ASIC Law to be lodged; or (ii) is signed, issued or published under or for the purposes of this Law, the ASIC Law or any other Australian law; or (b) an instrument of, or purporting to be signed or issued by or on behalf of, the body that is signed or issued in the course of, or for the purposes of, a particular transaction or dealing; or (c) without limiting paragraph (a) or (b), a business letter, statement of account, invoice, receipt, order for goods, order for services or official notice of, or purporting to be signed or issued by or on behalf of, the body. (2) A thing is not a public document of a body if it: (a) is applied, or is intended or required to be applied: (i) to goods; or (ii) to a package, label, reel or thing in or with which goods are, or are to be, supplied; and (b) is so applied, or is intended or required to be so applied, for a purpose connected with the supply of the goods. (3) In subsection (2): > apply to includes print on, weave in, impress on, work into, or annex, affix or attach to. > label includes a band or ticket. > package includes: (a) a covering, stopper, glass, bottle, vessel, box, capsule, case, frame or wrapper; or (b) any other container or thing in which goods are, or are to be, packed. #### 89 Qualified privilege (1) Where this Law provides that a person has qualified privilege in respect of an act, matter or thing, the person: (a) has qualified privilege in proceedings for defamation; or (b) is not, in the absence of malice on the person’s part, liable to an action for defamation at the suit of a person; as the case requires, in respect of that act, matter or thing. (2) In subsection (1): > malice includes ill will to the person concerned or any other improper motive. (3) Neither this section nor a provision of this Law that provides as mentioned in subsection (1) limits or affects any right, privilege or immunity that a person has, apart from this section or such a provision, as defendant in proceedings, or an action, for defamation. #### 90 Receivers and managers A receiver of property of a body corporate is also a manager if the receiver manages, or has under the terms of the receiver’s appointment power to manage, affairs of the body. #### 91 Being or becoming subject to a section 229 prohibition, a section 230 or 599 order, a section 600 notice or a civil penalty disqualification (1) For the purposes of this Law, a person shall be taken to be or become subject to a section 229 prohibition if, and only if, the person is or becomes, as the case may be, by virtue of section 229 or a corresponding previous law, prohibited as mentioned in that section or corresponding previous law. (2) For the purposes of this Law, a person shall be taken to be or become subject to a section 230 order if, and only if, an order relating to the person is in force, or is made, as the case may be, under section 230 or a corresponding previous law, and a reference in this Law to a section 230 order is a reference to an order so in force or made. (3) For the purposes of this Law, a person shall be taken to be or become subject to a section 599 order if, and only if, an order relating to the person is in force, or is made, as the case may be, under section 599 or a corresponding previous law, and a reference in this Law to a section 599 order is a reference to an order so in force or made. (4) For the purposes of this Law, a person shall be taken to be or become subject to a section 600 notice if, and only if, a notice relating to the person is in force, or is served, as the case may be, under section 600 or a corresponding previous law, and a reference in this Law to a section 600 notice is a reference to a notice so in force or served. (5) For the purposes of this section, an order or notice that prohibits a person for a specified period from engaging in particular conduct shall, unless sooner revoked, be taken to cease to be in force at the end of that period. #### 92 Securities (1) Subject to this section, securities means: (a) debentures, stocks or bonds issued or proposed to be issued by a government; or (b) shares in, or debentures of, a body; or (c) interests in a managed investment scheme; or (ca) in Parts 7.3 to 7.6 (inclusive)—interests that would be interests in a managed investment scheme but for paragraph (h) of the definition of managed investment scheme in section 9; or (d) units of such shares; or (e) an option contract within the meaning of Chapter 7; but does not include a futures contract or an excluded security. > Note: Regulations under subsection 92A(2) may provide that specified provisions of this Law and the regulations apply in relation to relevant agreements to which section 92A applies as if the agreements were securities. (2) The expression securities, when used in relation to a body, means: (a) shares in the body; (b) debentures of the body; (c) interests in a managed investment scheme made available by the body; or (ca) in Parts 7.3 to 7.6 (inclusive)—interests made available by the body that would be interests in a managed investment scheme but for paragraph (h) of the definition of managed investment scheme in section 9; (d) units of such shares; but does not include a futures contract or an excluded security. (2A) In Parts 7.3 to 7.6 (inclusive): > securities includes an interest in a friendly society benefit fund. (3) In Chapters 6 to 6D (inclusive): > securities means: (a) shares in a body (b) debentures of a body (c) interests in a registered managed investment scheme (d) legal or equitable rights or interests in: (i) shares; or (ii) debentures; or (iii) interests in a registered managed investment scheme (e) options to acquire (whether by way of issue or transfer) a security covered by paragraph (a), (b), (c) or (d). It does not cover a futures contract or an option approved by a securities exchange as an exchange traded option. > Note: Section 9 defines body and sections 9 and 72 define futures contract. #### 92A Law applies to certain relevant agreements as if they were securities (1) This section applies to relevant agreements (whether or not they are futures contracts): (a) that are entered into on a stock market of a securities exchange; and (b) that are of a kind prescribed for the purposes of this paragraph. (2) The regulations may, in relation to relevant agreements to which this section applies: (a) provide that specified provisions of this Law and the regulations apply in relation to the agreements as if the agreements were securities; and (b) provide that specified provisions of this Law and the regulations do not apply in relation to the agreements; and (c) make modifications of this Law and the regulations as applying in relation to the agreements. (3) Modifications made by regulations referred to in paragraph (2)(c) may be of provisions specified in regulations referred to in paragraph (2)(a) or of other provisions of this Law or the regulations. #### 93 Securities business (1) A securities business is a business of dealing in securities. (3) Subsections (5), (6) and (7) apply for the purposes of determining: (a) whether or not a person carries on, or holds himself, herself or itself out as carrying on, a securities business; and (b) what constitutes such a business carried on by a person. (4) Subsection (7) also applies for the purposes of determining whether or not a person deals in securities. (5) An act done on behalf of the person by the holder of a dealers licence or an exempt dealer shall be disregarded. (6) An act that the person does: (a) while employed by, or acting for or by arrangement with, a dealer; (b) as employee or agent of, or otherwise on behalf of, on account of, or for the benefit of, the dealer; and (c) in connection with a securities business carried on by the dealer; shall be disregarded. (7) An act or acts done by the person that constitutes or together constitute a dealing by the person in a futures contract shall be disregarded. #### 94 Securities representatives (1) Subject to subsection (2), a person is a securities representative of another person if, and only if, the first‑mentioned person: (a) is employed by; or (b) acts for or by arrangement with; the other person in connection with a securities business or investment advice business carried on by the other person. (2) Except for the purposes of paragraph 88(1)(b): (a) a person who holds a proper authority from a securities licensee is a securities representative of the licensee; and (b) a person who holds an invalid securities authority from another person is a securities representative of the other person. (3) Subject to subsection (4), a person does an act, or engages in conduct, as a securities representative of another person if, and only if, the first‑mentioned person does the act, or engages in the conduct: (a) in connection with a securities business or investment advice business carried on by the other person; (b) while the first‑mentioned person is a securities representative of the other person; (c) as employee or agent of, or otherwise on behalf of, on account of, or for the benefit of, the other person; and (d) otherwise than in the course of work of a kind ordinarily done by accountants, clerks or cashiers. (4) Except for the purposes of Division 4 of Part 7.3, a person who holds himself, herself or itself out to be a securities representative of another person does an act as a securities representative of the other person. #### 95A Solvency and insolvency (1) A person is solvent if, and only if, the person is able to pay all the person’s debts, as and when they become due and payable. (2) A person who is not solvent is insolvent. (3) Section 922 defines when a person becomes insolvent for the purposes of Part 7.10. #### 97 Stock market not to include futures market In determining whether a market, exchange, place or facility is a stock market, regard shall not be had to the making at that market, exchange or other place, or by means of that facility, as the case may be, of futures contracts. ### Division 8—Miscellaneous interpretation rules #### 100 Address of registered office etc (1) Where a provision of this Law requires a notice to be lodged of, or information in an application to specify: (a) the address of an office, or of a proposed office, of a body corporate or other person; or (b) a change in the situation of an office of a body corporate or other person; the notice: (c) shall specify the full address, or the full new address, as the case requires, of the relevant office including, where applicable, the number of the room and of the floor or level of the building on which the office is situated; and (d) where the notice or application relates to the address or situation of an office of a body corporate and the address specified in accordance with paragraph (a) is the address of premises that are not to be occupied by the body corporate—must include a written statement to the effect that the person who occupies those premises has consented in writing to the address being specified in the notice or application and has not withdrawn that consent. (2) The Commission may require a person who has lodged a notice or application that includes a statement under paragraph (1)(d) to produce to the Commission the consent referred to in the statement. #### 100A Operation of certain laws relating to instruments on which stamp duty has not been paid Nothing in this Law affects the operation of any provision of any law: (a) relating to the admissibility in evidence, or any other use, in any proceedings, of a document in respect of which any applicable stamp duty has not been paid; or (b) prohibiting the registration by a company of a transfer of securities if any stamp duty applicable in respect of the transfer has not been paid. #### 101 Amount of stock representing a number of shares In relation to a body corporate the whole or a portion of whose share capital consists of stock, a reference to a number of shares (including a number expressed as a percentage) is, in relation to an amount of stock, a reference to the amount of stock that represents that number of shares. #### 102 Applications to be in writing An application to the Commission for the issuing of a document or the doing of any other act or thing by the Commission under this Law shall be in writing. > Note: For electronic lodgment of documents with ASIC, see section 352. #### 102A Application not to be granted unless applications also made under corresponding laws (1) This section facilitates the administration, on a national basis, of the Corporations Law of each jurisdiction by requiring some kinds of application to be made under the Corporations Law of each jurisdiction. (2) This can be done by expressing an application to be made under the Corporations Law (rather than under the Corporations Law of a particular jurisdiction), so that it has effect as an application under the relevant provision of the Corporations Law of each jurisdiction. (3) Subject to subsection (6), this section applies to an application under section 601CB, 601CE, 769, 770, 770A, 779B, 782, 1067, 1126, 1131, 1132, 1144 or 1279 of the Corporations Law of this jurisdiction. (4) The application is not to be granted unless the applicant has also made (by the means described in subsection (2) or otherwise) a corresponding application under the corresponding section of the Corporations Law of each jurisdiction other than this jurisdiction. (5) Also, the application is not to be granted if a corresponding application has been refused, or if it is proposed to refuse a corresponding application. (6) This section does not apply in relation to an application that: (a) was made under a previous law of this jurisdiction corresponding to a provision of this Law; and (b) is taken because of a provision of this Law to have been made under the provision to which that previous law corresponds. #### 102B In Australia or elsewhere, in this jurisdiction or elsewhere The expression in Australia or elsewhere, or a similar expression, does not limit the generality of the expression in this jurisdiction or elsewhere or a similar expression. #### 103 Effect of certain contraventions of this Law (1) This section has effect except so far as this Law otherwise provides. (2) An act, transaction, agreement, instrument, matter or thing is not invalid merely because of: (a) a contravention of section 115, 208, 209, 601CA, 601CD or of Chapter 8; or (b) a failure to comply with a requirement of this Law that a person cause a notice, or a copy of a document, to be published in the Gazette or in a newspaper. (4) In this section: > invalid includes void, voidable and unenforceable. (5) Nothing in this section limits the generality of anything else in it. #### 104 Effect of provisions empowering a person to require or prohibit conduct Where, in accordance with a provision of this Law other than the replaceable rules, a person requires another person to do, or prohibits another person from doing, a particular act, that provision shall be taken to require the other person to comply with the requirement or prohibition, as the case may be. #### 105 Calculation of time (1) Where, for any purpose, this Law: (a) prohibits, permits or requires the doing of an act or thing within, or by or before the end of; or (b) otherwise prescribes, allows or provides for; a period or time before or after a particular day, act or event, the period shall be calculated without counting that day, or the day of that act or event, as the case may be. (2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), in calculating how many days a particular day, act or event is before or after another day, act or event, the first‑mentioned day, or the day of the first‑mentioned act or event, shall be counted but not the other day, or the day of the other act or event. (3) Where the last day of any period prescribed or allowed by this Law for the doing of anything falls on a day that is not a business day in the place in which the thing is to be or may be done, the thing may be done on the first day following which is a business day in that place. #### 106 Performance of functions by Commission delegate For the purpose of the performance of a function, or the exercise of a power, under this Law by a Commission delegate, a reference to the Commission in a provision of this Law relating to the performance of the function, or the exercise of the power, includes a reference to the Commission delegate. #### 108 Parts of dollar to be disregarded in determining majority in value of creditors etc. In determining whether a majority in value of creditors, or a particular proportion in value of creditors, has passed a resolution or done any other act or thing, if a creditor’s debt consists of a number of whole dollars and a part of a dollar, the part of the dollar shall be disregarded. #### 109 References to persons, things and matters (1) Except so far as the contrary intention appears, a provision of this Law shall be interpreted in such a manner that any 2 or more references in the provision are capable of having the same referent or referents, or of having a referent or referents in common, as the case requires. (2) In subsection (1), referent, in relation to a reference in a provision, means: (a) in so far as the reference is interpreted as being in the singular number—a person to whom, or a thing or matter to which; or (b) in so far as the reference is interpreted as being in the plural number—any one or 2 or more persons to whom, or of 2 or more things or matters to which; the reference is taken, in the application of the provision, to refer. #### 109A Reference to Commonwealth Acts Unless the contrary intention appears, a reference in this Law to an Act by its short title is taken to be a reference to an Act of the Commonwealth having that short title. #### 109B References to amended or re‑enacted Acts of the Commonwealth, this jurisdiction etc. (1) This section applies to a reference in this Law to a short title that is or was provided by law for the citation of: (a) an Act of the Commonwealth or of this or another jurisdiction, as originally enacted; or (b) such an Act as amended. (2) Except so far as the contrary intention appears, the reference is taken as a reference to that Act as originally enacted and as amended from time to time. (3) Where the Act referred to has been repealed and re‑enacted, with or without modifications: (a) the reference is taken as including a reference to the re‑enacted Act as originally enacted and as amended from time to time; and (b) where: (i) particular provisions of the repealed Act are referred to; and (ii) provisions of the re‑enacted Act correspond to those provisions; the reference to those particular provisions is taken as including a reference to those corresponding provisions. #### 109C Every section a substantive enactment Every section of this Law has effect as a substantive enactment, without introductory words. #### 109D Headings, schedules, marginal notes, footnotes and end notes (1) The headings of the Chapters, Parts, Divisions and Subdivisions into which this Law is divided are taken to be part of this Law. (2) A Schedule to this Law is taken to be part of this Law. (3) Each heading to a section of this Law, and each footnote or end note to this Law, is taken not to be part of this Law. #### 109DA Exercise of certain powers between passing and commencing of amendments of Law (1) This section applies where an Act (in this section referred to as the Act concerned), being: (a) an Act enacted on or after the date of commencement of this section that is not to come into operation immediately upon its enactment; or (b) an Act enacted before the date of commencement of this section that did not come into operation on or before that date; results in the amendment of this Law so that this Law, as amended, will confer power to make an appointment or to make an instrument of a legislative or administrative character (including rules, regulations or by‑laws). (2) Unless the contrary intention appears, the power so conferred may be exercised, and anything may be done for the purpose of enabling the exercise of the power or of bringing the appointment or instrument into effect, before the Act concerned comes into operation as if it had come into operation. (3) An appointment or instrument made under subsection (2) or, if the instrument contains a number of provisions, each of those provisions, takes effect: (a) on the day on which the Act concerned comes into operation; or (b) on the day on which the appointment, instrument or provision, as the case may be, would have taken effect if the Act concerned had been in operation when the appointment or instrument was made; whichever is later. (4) Where a provision of this Law is to come into operation on a date to be fixed by a Proclamation or other instrument, the Proclamation or other instrument may be made and published at any time after the enactment of the originating provision. (5) In subsections (1), (2), (3) and (4): > Act includes a provision or provisions of an Act. > Law includes a provision or provisions of this Law. (6) This section applies in relation to a regulation that results in the amendment of the Corporations Regulations so that those Regulations, as amended, will confer power to make an appointment or to make an instrument of a legislative or administrative character, and so applies as if: (a) the first‑mentioned regulation were an Act; and (b) the Corporations Regulations were this Law. #### 109E Effect of repeal Where a provision of this Law is repealed, the repeal does not: (a) revive anything not in force or existing at the time at which the repeal takes effect; or (b) affect the previous operation of any provision so repealed, or anything duly done or suffered under any provision so repealed; or (c) affect any right, privilege, obligation or liability acquired, accrued or incurred under any provision so repealed; or (d) affect any penalty, forfeiture or punishment incurred in respect of any offence committed against any provision so repealed; or (e) affect any investigation, legal proceeding or remedy in respect of any such right, privilege, obligation, liability, penalty, forfeiture or punishment; and any such investigation, legal proceeding or remedy may be instituted, continued or enforced, and any such penalty, forfeiture or punishment may be imposed, as if the repeal had not taken effect. #### 109F Implied repeals etc. A reference in section 109E to the repeal of a provision of this Law is a reference to the repeal of the originating provision concerned and includes a reference to: (a) such a repeal effected by implication; and (b) the abrogation or limitation (however effected) of the effect of the provision; and (c) the exclusion (however effected) of the application of the provision to any person, subject‑matter or circumstance. #### 109G Effect of expiration of provision Where a provision of this Law expires, lapses or otherwise ceases to have effect, sections 109E and 109F apply as if the provision had been repealed. #### 109H Regard to be had to purpose or object of law In the interpretation of a provision of this Law, a construction that would promote the purpose or object underlying the Law (whether that purpose or object is expressly stated in the Law or not) is to be preferred to a construction that would not promote that purpose or object. #### 109J Use of extrinsic material in the interpretation of this Law (1) This section applies where, in the interpretation of a provision of this Law, any material not forming part of this Law is capable of assisting in working out the meaning of the provision. (2) Subject to subsection (4), consideration may be given to that material: (a) to confirm that the meaning of the provision is the ordinary meaning conveyed by the text of the provision taking into account its context in the Law and the purpose and object underlying the Law; or (b) to determine the meaning of the provision when: (i) the provision is ambiguous or obscure; or (ii) the ordinary meaning conveyed by the text of the provision, taking into account its context in the Law and the purpose or object underlying the Law, leads to a result that is manifestly absurd or is unreasonable. (3) The material that may be considered under subsection (2) in the interpretation of a provision of this Law includes, but is not limited to: (a) all matters not forming part of the Law that are set out in the Corporations Act 1989 or a corresponding law of a jurisdiction, or the document containing the text of the Law as printed by the Government Printer; and (b) any relevant report of the Advisory Committee, or of a Royal Commission, Law Reform Commission, committee of inquiry or other similar body, that was made before either House of the Parliament before the time when the originating provision was enacted; and (c) any relevant report of a committee of the Parliament or of either House of the Parliament that was made to the Parliament or that House of the Parliament before the originating provision was enacted; and (d) any treaty or other international agreement that is referred to in this Law; and (e) any explanatory memorandum relating to the Bill containing the originating provision, or any other relevant document, that was laid before, or furnished to the members of, either House of the Parliament by a Minister before the time when the originating provision was enacted; and (f) the speech made to a House of the Parliament by a Minister on the occasion of the moving by that Minister of a motion that the Bill containing the originating provision be read a second time in that House; and (g) any document (whether or not a document to which a preceding paragraph applies) that is declared by this Law to be a relevant document for the purposes of this section; and (h) any relevant material in the Journals of the Senate, in the Votes and Proceedings of the House of Representatives or in any official record of debates in the Parliament or either House of the Parliament. (4) In determining whether consideration should be given to any material in accordance with subsection (2), or in considering the weight to be given to any such material, regard is to be had, in addition to any other relevant matters, to: (a) the desirability of persons being able to rely on the ordinary meaning conveyed by the text of the provision taking into account its context in the law and the purpose or object underlying the law; and (b) the need to avoid prolonging legal or any other proceedings without compensating advantage. #### 109K Changes to style not to affect meaning Where: (a) a provision of this Law has expressed an idea in a particular form of words; and (b) another provision of this Law appears to have expressed the same idea in a different form of words for the purpose of using a clearer style; the ideas are not taken to be different merely because different forms of words were used. #### 109L Examples Where this Law includes an example of the operation of a provision: (a) the example is not taken to be exhaustive; and (b) if the example is inconsistent with the provision, the provision prevails. #### 109M Parts of speech and grammatical forms of words In this Law, unless the contrary intention appears, where a word or phrase is given a particular meaning, other parts of speech and grammatical forms of that word or phrase have corresponding meanings. #### 109N References to offices and officers (1) A reference in this Law in general terms to a person holding or occupying a particular office or position includes a reference to any person who at any time occupies that office or position for the time being, or performs the duties of that office for the time being. (2) Unless the contrary intention appears, a reference in this Law to an office or officer is a reference to such office or officer in and for the Commonwealth. #### 109P References to companies etc. Express references in this Law to companies, corporations or bodies corporate do not imply that expressions in this Law of the kind mentioned in section 85A do not include companies, corporations or bodies corporate. #### 109Q References to Commonwealth laws (1) In this Law, unless the contrary intention appears, a reference to the law of the Commonwealth or to a law of the Commonwealth does not include a reference to a law in force in a Territory in so far as the law is so in force by virtue of an Act providing for the acceptance, administration or government of that Territory. (2) For the purposes of this section, none of the following is an Act providing for the administration or government of a Territory: (a) the Corporations Act 1989; (b) the Corporations Law of the Capital Territory; (c) the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 1989. #### 109R Rules as to gender and number In this Law, unless the contrary intention appears: (a) words importing a gender include every other gender; and (b) words in the singular number include the plural and words in the plural number include the singular. #### 109S Production of records kept in computers etc. Where a person who keeps a record of information by means of a mechanical, electronic or other device is required by or under this Law: (a) to produce the information or a document containing the information to a court, tribunal or person; or (b) to make a document containing the information available for inspection by a court, tribunal or person; then, unless the court, tribunal or person otherwise directs: (c) the requirement is taken to oblige the person to produce or make available for inspection, as the case may be, a writing that reproduces the information in a form capable of being understood by the court, tribunal or person; and (d) the production of such a writing to the court, tribunal or person constitutes compliance with the requirement. #### 109T Change of name of body or office Where: (a) the name of a body is changed by law (whether or not the body is incorporated); or (b) the name of an office is changed by law; then, a reference in this Law to the body or office under the former name, except in relation to matters that occurred before the change took effect, is taken as a reference to the body or office under the new name. #### 109U Compliance with forms Where this Law prescribes a form, strict compliance with the form is not required and substantial compliance is sufficient. #### 109V Content of statements of reasons for decisions Where this Law requires a tribunal, body or person making a decision to give written reasons for the decision, whether the expression reasons, grounds or any other expression is used, the instrument giving the reasons must also: (a) set out the findings on material questions of fact; and (b) refer to the evidence or other material on which those findings were based. #### 109W Attainment of particular age For the purposes of this Law, the time at which a person attains a particular age expressed in years is the commencement of the relevant anniversary of the date of the birth of that person. #### 109X Service of documents (1) For the purposes of any law, a document may be served on a company or recognised company by: (a) leaving it at, or posting it to, the company’s registered office; or (b) delivering a copy of the document personally to a director of the company who resides in Australia or in an external Territory; or (c) if a liquidator of the company has been appointed—leaving it at, or posting it to, the address of the liquidator’s office in the most recent notice of that address lodged with ASIC; or (d) if an administrator of the company has been appointed—leaving it at, or posting it to, the address of the administrator in the most recent notice of that address lodged with ASIC. (2) For the purposes of any law, a document may be served on a director or company secretary (in addition to the methods of service set out in subsection (4)) by leaving it at, or posting it to, the alternative address notified to ASIC under subsection 205B(1), (2) or (4) or section 117 or 601BC. However, this only applies to service on the director or company secretary: (a) in their capacity as a director or company secretary; or (b) for the purposes of a proceeding in respect of conduct they engaged in as a director or company secretary. (3) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to a process, order or document that may be served under section 9 of the Service and Execution of Process Act 1992. (4) For the purposes of this Law, a document may be served on an individual by: (a) delivering it to the person personally; or (b) leaving it at, or posting it to, the residential or business address of the person last known to the person serving the document. (5) For the purposes of this Law, a document may be served on a body corporate other than a company, recognised company or registered body by leaving it at, or posting it to, the head office, a registered office or the principal place of business of the body corporate. (6) This section does not affect the operation of a law or the power of a court to authorise a document to be served in a different way. (7) This section applies to provisions of a law dealing with service whether it uses the expression “serve” or uses any other similar expression such as “give” or “send”. #### 109Y Meaning of service by post Where a provision of this Law authorises or requires any document to be served by post, whether the expression serve or the expression give or send or any other expression is used, then: (a) the service is taken to be effected by properly addressing and posting (under pre‑paid post) the document as a letter to the last known address of the person to be served; and (b) unless the contrary is proved, the service is taken to have been effected at the time at which the letter would have been delivered in the ordinary course of post. #### 109Z Measurement of distance In the measurement of any distance for the purposes of this Law, that distance is, unless the contrary intention appears, to be measured in a straight line on a horizontal plane. #### 109ZA Expressions of time Where in this Law any reference to time occurs, such time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, taken in each jurisdiction to mean the standard legal time in that jurisdiction. #### 109ZB Exercise of powers and duties (1) Where this Law confers a power or imposes a duty, then, unless the contrary intention appears, the power may be exercised and the duty must be performed from time to time as the occasion requires. (2) Where this Law confers a power or imposes a duty on the holder of an office as such, then, unless the contrary intention appears, the power may be exercised and the duty must be performed by the holder for the time being of the office. (3) Where this Law provides that a person, court or body may do a particular act or thing, and the word may is used, the act or thing may be done at the discretion of the person, court or body. (4) Where this Law confers a power or function, or imposes a duty, on a body, whether incorporated or unincorporated, the exercise of the power or the performance of the function or duty is not affected merely because of a vacancy or vacancies in the membership of the body. (5) Where this Law confers a power to make, grant or issue any instrument (including rules, regulations or by‑laws) the power is, unless the contrary intention appears, taken as including a power exercisable in the like manner and subject to the like conditions (if any) to repeal, rescind, revoke, amend or vary any such instrument. (6) Where this Law confers a power to make, grant or issue any instrument (including rules, regulations or by‑laws) with respect to particular matters (however the matters are described), the power is taken to include a power to make, grant or issue such an instrument with respect to some only of those matters or with respect to a particular class or particular classes of those matters and to make different provision with respect to different matters or different classes of matters. (7) Where this Law confers a power to make, grant or issue any instrument (including rules, regulations or by‑laws), the power is not taken, by implication, not to include the power to make provision for or in relation to a particular aspect of a matter by reason only that provision is made by the Law in relation to another aspect of that matter or in relation to another matter. (8) Subject to subsection (9), where this Law confers upon any person or authority a power to make appointments to any office or place, the power is, unless the contrary intention appears, taken to include a power to appoint a person to act in the office or place until: (a) a person is appointed to the office or place; or (b) the expiration of 12 months after the office or place was created or became vacant, as the case requires; whichever first happens, and also to include a power to remove or suspend any person appointed, and to appoint another person temporarily in the place of any person so suspended or in place of any sick or absent holder of such office or place. (9) Where the power of such a person or authority to make any such appointment is only exercisable upon the recommendation or subject to the approval or consent of some other person or authority, the power to make an appointment to act in an office or place or the power of removal is, unless the contrary intention appears, only exercisable upon the recommendation or subject to the approval or consent of that other person or authority. (10) Where this Law confers a power to make, grant or issue an instrument (including rules, regulations or by‑laws) prescribing penalties not exceeding a specified amount or imprisonment for a specified period, that limitation on the penalties that may be prescribed does not prevent the instrument from requiring the making of a statutory declaration. #### 109ZBA Power to make instruments etc. may be exercised by reference to classes Where this Law confers upon an authority power to make an instrument (including rules, regulations or by‑laws) or a resolution: (a) specifying, declaring or prescribing a matter or thing; or (b) doing anything in relation to a matter or thing; then, in exercising the power, the authority may identify the matter or thing by referring to a class or classes of matters or things. #### 109ZC Power to determine includes authority to administer oath Any court, Judge, justice of the peace, officer, commissioner, arbitrator, or other person authorised by law, or by consent of parties, to hear and determine any matter, has authority to receive evidence and examine witnesses and to administer an oath to all witnesses legally called before them respectively. #### 109ZD Delegations Where this Law confers power to delegate a function or power, then, unless the contrary intention appears, the power of delegation is not limited to delegating the function or power to a specified person but includes a power to delegate the function or power to any person from time to time holding, occupying, or performing the duties of, a specified office or position. #### 109ZE Effect of delegation Where this Law confers power on a person or body (in this section called the authority) to delegate a function or power: (a) the delegation may be made either generally or as otherwise provided by the instrument of delegation; and (b) the powers that may be delegated do not include that power to delegate; and (c) a function or power so delegated, when performed or exercised by the delegate, is, for the purposes of this Law, taken to have been performed or exercised by the authority; and (d) a delegation by the authority does not prevent the performance or exercise of a function or power by the authority; and (e) if the authority is not a person, section 109ZF applies as if it were. #### 109ZF Exercise of certain powers and functions by a delegate Where, under this Law, the exercise of a power or function by a person is dependent upon the opinion, belief or state of mind of that person in relation to a matter and that power or function has been delegated in pursuance of this Law or any Act of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory, that power or function may be exercised by the delegate upon the opinion, belief or state of mind of the delegate in relation to that matter. ### Division 9—Interpreting the regulations #### 110 Expressions have the same meaning as in this Law (1) Subject to subsection (2), an expression has in the regulations the same meaning as it has in this Law. (2) Where a provision of the regulations has effect for the purposes of a particular provision of this Law, an expression has in that provision of the regulations the same meaning as it has in that provision of this Law. (3) Subject to subsection (2), this Part applies in relation to the regulations as if the provisions of the regulations were provisions of this Law. (4) This section has effect except so far as the contrary intention appears in the regulations. #### 110A Severing invalid provisions (1) The regulations are to be interpreted subject to this Law. (2) It is intended that where, but for this section, a provision of the regulations would have been interpreted as being inconsistent with this Law, the provision is nevertheless to be valid in so far as it is not so inconsistent. ### Division 10—Interpreting other subordinate instruments #### 110B Expressions have the same meaning as in this Law (1) An expression has in an instrument made, granted or issued under this Law the same meaning as it has in this Law. (2) This Part applies in relation to an instrument made, granted or issued under this Law as if the instrument’s provisions were provisions of this Law. (3) This section has effect in relation to an instrument except so far as the contrary intention appears in the instrument. #### 110C Severing invalid provisions (1) An instrument made, granted or issued under this Law is to be interpreted: (a) subject to this Law; and (b) so as not to exceed the powers under which it was made, granted or issued. (2) It is intended that where, but for this section, such an instrument would have been interpreted as exceeding the powers under which it was made, granted or issued, it is nevertheless to be valid in so far as it does not exceed those powers. ### Division 11—Application of certain provisions #### 110D Chapters 1 to 6 and 9 Chapters 1 to 6, inclusive, and 9, apply, according to their tenor, in relation to: (a) natural persons, whether resident in this jurisdiction or in Australia or not and whether Australian citizens or not; and (b) all bodies corporate and unincorporated bodies, whether formed or carrying on business in this jurisdiction or in Australia or not; and (c) acts and omissions outside this jurisdiction, whether in Australia or not. #### 110E Application of this Law in coastal sea This Law has effect in and in relation to the coastal sea of this jurisdiction as if that coastal sea were part of this jurisdiction. ## Part 1.2A—Disclosing entities ### Division 1—Object of Part #### 111AA Object of Part The object of this Part is: (a) to define disclosing entity and other key terms relevant to disclosing entities (this is done in Division 2); and (b) to outline the significance for this Law of being a disclosing entity (this is done in Division 3); and (c) to provide for exemptions from, and modifications of, the special requirements imposed by this Law in relation to disclosing entities (this is done in Division 4). ### Division 2—Definitions #### 111AB Terms defined in Division This Division contains definitions of the following terms: (a) disclosing entity (section 111AC); (b) ED securities (section 111AD); (c) ED securities of a disclosing entity (section 111AK); (d) listed disclosing entity (subsection 111AL(1)); (e) quoted ED securities (section 111AM); (f) unlisted disclosing entity (subsection 111AL(2)). #### 111AC Disclosing entity (1) If any securities of a body (except interests in a managed investment scheme) are ED securities, the body is a disclosing entity for the purposes of this Law. (2) If any interests in a managed investment scheme are ED securities, the undertaking to which the interests relate is a disclosing entity for the purposes of this Law. #### 111AD ED securities (1) Securities of a body are ED securities (short for “enhanced disclosure securities”) for the purposes of this Law if, and only if: (a) they are ED securities under section 111AE, 111AF, 111AG or 111AI; and (b) they are not declared under section 111AJ not to be ED securities. (2) For the purposes of sections 111AE, 111AF, 111AG and 111AI, a class of shares or debentures is taken to include units of shares or debentures in that class. #### 111AE Securities quoted on a stock market (1) Securities in a class of securities of a body are ED securities if securities in that class are quoted on a stock market of a securities exchange. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to securities of a body if: (a) the body is a public authority of the Commonwealth or an instrumentality or agency of the Crown in right of the Commonwealth; and (b) the only securities of the body that are quoted as mentioned in subsection (1) are debentures; and (c) both the repayment of principal, and the payment of interest, in respect of those debentures is guaranteed by the Commonwealth. (3) Subsection (1) does not apply to securities of a body that is: (a) a public authority of a State or Territory; or (b) an instrumentality or agency of the Crown in right of a State or Territory. #### 111AF Securities to which lodged or deemed prospectus relates (1) Securities (except debentures) in a class of securities of a body are ED securities if: (a) a disclosure document in relation to securities in that class has been lodged with ASIC under Chapter 6D; or (b) securities in that class have been issued pursuant to the disclosure document; and (c) after an issue of securities in that class pursuant to the disclosure document, 100 or more persons held securities in that class; and (d) securities in that class have been held by 100 or more persons at all times since the issue of securities referred to in paragraph (c). (2) In this section: > corresponding previous law does not include a law, or part of a law, in force before 1 July 1982 (which is when the Companies Act 1981 commenced). #### 111AG Securities issued as consideration for an acquisition under an off‑market takeover bid or Part 5.1 compromise or arrangement (1) Securities (except debentures) in a class of securities of a body are ED securities if: (a) securities in that class have been issued by the body as consideration for offers under an off‑market bid; and (b) after an issue of securities in that class under the off‑market bid, 100 or more persons held securities in that class; and (c) securities in that class have been held by 100 or more persons at all times since the issue of securities referred to in paragraph (b). (2) Securities in a class of securities of a body are ED securities if: (a) securities in that class have been issued as consideration for the acquisition or cancellation of securities of another body pursuant to a compromise or arrangement under Part 5.1 or a corresponding previous law; and (b) securities in that class, or those or any other securities of the other body, were ED securities immediately before securities in that class were first issued pursuant to the compromise or arrangement; and (c) after an issue of securities in that class pursuant to the compromise or arrangement, 100 or more persons held securities in that class; and (d) securities in that class have been held by 100 or more persons at all times since the issue of securities referred to in paragraph (c). (3) In this section: > corresponding previous law: (a) when used in subsection (1), does not include a law, or part of a law, in force before 1 July 1981 (which is when the Companies (Acquisition of Shares) Act 1980 commenced); and (b) when used in subsection (2), does not include a law, or part of a law, in force before 1 July 1982 (which is when the Companies Act 1981 commenced). #### 111AH When a person holds securities for the purposes of sections 111AF and 111AG (1) For the purposes of sections 111AF and 111AG, a person holds securities if, and only if: (a) the person is registered as the holder of the securities in a register under section 169, 170, 171, 601CZB or 1070; or (b) the person is entitled to be so registered. (2) For the purposes of sections 111AF and 111AG, joint holders of securities count as one person. #### 111AI Debentures that need trustee appointed under section 260FA Debentures of a borrower are ED securities if section 260FA requires the borrower to appoint a trustee. #### 111AJ Regulations may declare securities not to be ED securities (1) The regulations may declare specified securities of bodies not to be ED securities. (2) Regulations in force for the purposes of subsection (1) have effect accordingly, despite anything else in this Division. #### 111AK ED securities of a disclosing entity For the purposes of this Law, ED securities because of which (having regard to section 111AC) a disclosing entity is such an entity are ED securities of the entity. #### 111AL Listed or unlisted disclosing entity (1) For the purposes of this Law, a disclosing entity is a listed disclosing entity if all or any ED securities of the entity are quoted ED securities. (2) For the purposes of this Law, a disclosing entity that is not a listed disclosing entity is an unlisted disclosing entity. #### 111AM Quoted ED securities For the purposes of this Law, ED securities are quoted ED securities if they are ED securities because of section 111AE. ### Division 3—Significance of being a disclosing entity #### 111AN Division contains outline of significance of being a disclosing entity This Division outlines the significance for this Law of being a disclosing entity. #### 111AO Accounting requirements A disclosing entity has to prepare financial statements and reports for half‑years as well as full financial years. These requirements are set out in Chapter 2M. #### 111AP Continuous disclosure requirements (1) A disclosing entity is subject to the continuous disclosure requirements of sections 1001A and 1001B. (2) Section 1001A applies to listed disclosing entities and requires them to comply with certain obligations in the listing rules of a securities exchange requiring the notification of information. (3) Section 1001B applies to unlisted disclosing entities and requires them to lodge documents containing information. #### 111AQ Prospectus relief Section 713 applies (subject to certain qualifications) to prospectuses for quoted ED securities of disclosing entities. The section’s requirements for the content of prospectuses are less comprehensive than those that apply to other prospectuses under section 710. ### Division 4—Exemptions and modifications #### 111AR Meaning of disclosing entity provisions (1) For the purposes of this Division, the disclosing entity provisions are the provisions of the following: (a) Chapter 2M as it applies to disclosing entities; (d) sections 1001A and 1001B; (2) A reference in subsection (1) to a Part, Division or section includes a reference to regulations in force for the purposes of the Part, Division or section. #### 111AS Exemptions by regulations (1) The regulations may exempt specified persons from all or specified disclosing entity provisions: (a) either generally or as otherwise specified; and (b) either unconditionally or subject to specified conditions. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), an exemption may relate to specified securities. #### 111AT Exemptions by the Commission (1) The Commission may, by writing, exempt specified persons from all or specified disclosing entity provisions: (a) either generally or as otherwise specified; and (b) either unconditionally or subject to specified conditions. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), an exemption may relate to specified securities. (3) The Commission must cause a copy of an exemption to be published in the Gazette. #### 111AU Enforcing conditions of exemptions (1) A person must not intentionally or recklessly contravene a condition to which an exemption under section 111AS or 111AT is subject. (2) If a person contravenes such a condition, the Court may, on the application of the Commission, order the person to comply with the condition. #### 111AV Modifications by regulations (1) The regulations may make modifications of all or specified disclosing entity provisions. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), a modification may relate to specified securities. #### 111AW Exemptions and modifications have effect Exemptions and modifications under this Division have effect accordingly. #### 111AX Effect of Division Nothing in this Division limits, or is limited by, any other exemption or modification power (for example, section 340, 341 or 741). ## Part 1.3—Application orders #### 111A Power to make (1) The Minister may make written orders, to be known as application orders, specifying matters that this Law requires or permits to be specified by or in application orders. (2) An order under this section must not be inconsistent with this Law. #### 111B Orders under this Part and corresponding laws (1) The object of this section is to make it easier to find out how the Corporations Law of each jurisdiction operates so far as concerns matters that, because of differences in the circumstances of the various jurisdictions, are dealt with by application orders under section 111A of that Law. (2) An order under section 111A of this Law may be included in the same document as an order that is, or as 2 or more orders each of which is, an order under section 111A of the Corporations Law of another jurisdiction. (3) Where, under subsection (2), 2 or more orders are included in the same document, the text of the respective orders: (a) may be integrated and arranged so as to present more clearly and simply the matters that are specified by or in the orders for the purposes of corresponding provisions of the laws of the jurisdictions concerned; and (b) in particular, may be arranged so as to allow the reader to compare more easily the matter specified for the purposes of a provision of one law with the matter specified for the purposes of the corresponding provision of another law. (4) Where: (a) under subsection (3), the text of 2 or more orders (in this subsection called the principal orders) has been integrated and arranged as mentioned in that subsection; and (b) under subsection (2), 2 or more orders each of which amends any of the principal orders are included in the same document; the text of the amending orders may be integrated and arranged so that the arrangement of the amendments corresponds to the arrangement of the text of the principal orders. (5) Nothing in this section prejudices the validity of a document that purports to set out, in any form, an order under section 111A. #### 111C Specifying a matter by reference to another instrument (1) Subject to subsection 111A(2), an application order may specify a matter by applying, adopting or incorporating, with or without modifications: (a) the provisions of: (i) an Act of this jurisdiction; or (ii) regulations under such an Act; as in force at a particular time or as in force from time to time; or (b) matter contained in any other instrument or writing as in force or existing when the order takes effect. (2) Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Law, an application order must not specify a matter by applying, adopting or incorporating matter contained in an instrument or other writing as in force or existing from time to time. #### 111D Notification in the Gazette As soon as practicable after an application order is made, the Minister must cause to be published in the Gazette a notice of the order having been made, and of the place or places where copies of the order can be bought. #### 111E When order takes effect An application order takes effect from: (a) a specified day; or (b) a specified time on a specified day; or (c) the day, or day and time, of commencement of a specified Commonwealth Act or of a specified provision of a Commonwealth Act; or (d) otherwise—the day on which notice of the order having been made is published under subsection 111D(1). #### 111F Interpretation of application orders (1) Subject to subsection (2), an expression has in an application order the same meaning as it has in this Law. (2) Where a provision of an application order has effect for the purposes of a particular provision of this Law or the regulations, an expression has in that provision of the order the same meaning as it has in that provision of this Law or the regulations. (3) Subject to subsection (2), Part 1.2 applies in relation to an application order as if the order’s provisions were provisions of this Law. (4) This section has effect in relation to an order except so far as the contrary intention appears in the order. #### 111G Severing invalid provisions (1) An application order is to be interpreted: (a) subject to this Law; and (b) so as not to exceed the powers conferred by this Part. (2) It is intended that where, but for this section, an application order would have been interpreted as exceeding the powers conferred by this Part, the order is nevertheless to be valid in so far as it does not exceed those powers. #### 111H Effect of certain instruments made before 1 January 1991 (1) This section applies where: (a) before 1 January 1991, a Minister made an instrument that purported to be an application order specifying a matter for the purposes of a provision of this Law, or for the purposes of a provision of the Corporations Law of each of 2 or more jurisdictions including this jurisdiction; and (b) the instrument was expressed to take effect on 1 January 1991; and (c) if a law of this jurisdiction in force at the commencement of this section provides that an order under section 111A may only be made with the consent of the Minister for this jurisdiction—the person who was, when the instrument was made, the Minister for this jurisdiction within the meaning of that law as so in force, consented to the making of the instrument; and (d) a notice of the instrument having been made was published in the Gazette. (2) The instrument has effect, and is taken always to have had effect, as an application order duly made under section 111A. (3) The requirements of this Division are taken to have been complied with in relation to the instrument. (4) The instrument is taken to have taken effect on 1 January 1991. (5) The effect that the instrument has, or is taken to have had, because of this section does not prejudice any other effect of the instrument, whether under a law corresponding to this section or otherwise. ## Part 1.4—Technical provisions about aids for readers #### 111J Small business guide (1) The regulations may amend the small business guide in Part 1.5 if the amendments are necessary to reflect the regulations or instruments issued by ASIC under this Law. (2) The small business guide is divided into sections (numbered 1, 2, 3 ...) and the sections are divided into paragraphs (numbered 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 ...). For example, a reference in the guide to 3.1 is a reference to paragraph 3.1 of the guide.