WF (Deceased) on behalf of the Wiluna People v State of Western Australia

WF (Deceased) on behalf of the Wiluna People v State of Western Australia - [2013] FCA 755 - FCA 2013 case summary — Zoe

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Parties' agreement to resolve the applications 5 The parties to the applications have reached an agreement through mediation as to the terms of the determination of native title pursuant to ss 87, 87A and 94A of the Native Title Act. In particular the agreement to a determination that native title exists relates to the land and waters covered by the Tarlpa and Wiluna #3 applications pursuant to s 87 of the Native Title Act, and part of the area of land and waters covered by the Wiluna application pursuant to s 87A of the Native Title Act. As to the remainder of the Wiluna application, the parties have agreed to the applicant discontinuing the application with respect to those areas of land and waters which are also covered by Wiluna #3 and WAD 50 of 2010 known as Birriliburu #3. The parties to the Wiluna application have also agreed that the remaining part of the Wiluna application which is covered by WAD 241 of 2004 known as Wiluna #2, will remain on foot to be finalised as part of the resolution of Wiluna #2. 6 In support of the agreement reached the applicant in each application has filed the following documents: (a) A Minute of Proposed Consent Determination of Native Title (the Minute) signed by the applicant and each respondent party to the applications; (b) Joint submissions of the applicant and State of Western Australia (the State) in support of the Minute; (c) Further submissions of the applicant in relation to the Minute relating to the applicant's legal position on two outstanding legal issues; (d) An edited report entitled 'Wiluna Native Title Claim Connection Report' by Dr Lee Sackett; and (e) An affidavit of Mr Malcolm O'Dell affirmed on 5 July 2013 deposing to the continuing authorisation of the applicant after the death of individual members of the applicant group. 7 In addition the State has filed an affidavit of Mr John Alan Catlin affirmed 3 July 2013 deposing to the basis on which the State agreed to enter into the agreement the subject of the Minute. 8 Of note, the Minute includes an agreement by the parties that the common law holders or the registered native title body corporate may seek a variation of the determination of native title in this matter, as it relates to pastoral improvements, in accordance with ss 13(1) and 13(5) of the Native Title Act in the event that the ruling of this Court in De Rose v South Australia (No 2) (2005) 145 FCR 290 with respect to pastoral improvements is overturned, set aside or otherwise found to be an incorrect legal ruling by the High Court of Australia (High Court) in the context of an appeal to the High Court from the decision of this Court in Brown (on behalf of the Ngarla People) v State of Western Australia (2012) 203 FCR 505. The parties have agreed that in the event of a variation application being made within 12 months of delivery of the High Court decision, each of the parties to that variation application will consent to the variation application being argued on its merits. Upon such variation application being made the agreement does not prevent any party from opposing a variation to the determination on the basis of the merits of such variation application. 9 In relation to determination of a prescribed body corporate pursuant to ss 55, 56 and 57 of the Native Title Act, the Minute includes agreement that within 12 months of the date the determination is made, the common law holders of the native title rights and interests will nominate a prescribed body corporate pursuant to s 56 or s 57 of the Native Title Act. Until the nomination is made the determination of native title will not take effect and in the event that no nomination is made within 12 months of the date the determination is made, or such time as the Court may order, the matter is to be listed for further directions.

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Assessment of connection 10 Mr Catlin's affidavit deposes to the basis on which the State has reached an agreement with the applicants and the other respondents to the terms of a determination of native title rights and interests as reflected in the Minute. In particular Mr Catlin deposes that in 2009 Central Desert Native Title Services Limited on behalf of the applicants provided connection material to the State for assessment against the requirements of its Guidelines for the Provision of Information in Support of Applications for a Determination of Native Title (October 2004) (the State's Guidelines). Mr Catlin further notes that the applicants and the State agreed to depart from the usual process for connection assessment by adopting a two stage process of an experts' conference which took place in Perth in May 2009 and an on-country meeting in September 2009. The applicants' expert anthropologist, Dr Sackett, supplemented the oral discussion from those exchanges with written material. 11 The State's assessment of the connection material included: (a) attendance at the experts' conference and on-country meeting and consideration of the written material by officers from the Land Approvals and Native Title Unit in the Department of the Premier and Cabinet which has the responsibility for conducting native title negotiations on behalf of the State; (b) engaging an expert consultant anthropologist, Dr Scott Cane, to attend both the experts' conference and on-country meeting and provide written advice; and (c) instructing the State Solicitor's Office to attend both the experts' conference and on-country meeting and provide written advice. 12 Following completion of the assessment of connection material in May 2010, the State being satisfied that the connection material met the State's Guidelines, agreed to enter into negotiations towards a determination of native title. The process of reaching agreement as outlined in Mr Catlin's affidavit was through active mediation convened by the Court during the period of December 2010 to June 2013. 13 The State has relied on the Wiluna connection material and the process of assessment and advice on the material as the basis for entering into the agreement reflected by the Minute.

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Connection to Country 14 The joint submissions in support of the Minute and Dr Sackett's filed report provide the following information regarding the applicants' connection to country: (a) the Wiluna and Wiluna #3 applications take their name from the township of Wiluna and the Tarlpa application takes its name from a significant rockhole known as Tarlpa, in the south of the proposed determination area; (b) the applicants are members of the broader Western Desert cultural bloc, the relevant 'society' for native title purposes; (c) being members of the broader Western Desert cultural bloc, the applicants share a body of law and custom with other Western Desert native title holding groups including shared beliefs, rituals and gathering for ceremonial purposes; (d) the applicants' fundamental belief in the Jukurrpa ('the Dreaming' or 'simply the Law') is the source of Western Desert law and custom to which the applicants adhere, and governs their religious practices, social rules, systems of land tenure and other aspects of their lives; (e) the applicants are an identifiable subset of the wider Western Desert cultural bloc who have rights and responsibilities to the land in the proposed determination area in accordance with Western Desert law and custom that recognises that certain individuals and family groups are associated with particular areas of country within the proposed determination area (with a degree of overlap or 'shared country'); (f) many of the applicants live at Kutkububba, Bondini, Windidda or in the township of Wiluna which are all within the proposed determination area and describe themselves, along with people from other parts of the Western Desert, as Martu; (g) the applicants are also able to trace connection to countries north, northeast and east of the proposed determination area and some antecedents and/or senior claimants came to the proposed determination area from more remote traditional Western Desert homelands; (h) traditionally the mechanisms for association with areas of land in the Western Desert included being conceived, born, grown up or initiated on country, or by having acquired knowledge of the country through long traditional association, or being descended from a person who had those connections. As a result, landholding groups were not patrilineally-patrilocally structured but rather members of these groups were landholders through their shared associations with and to land, and the groups were open and inclusive so that people had potential access to a number of areas through a variety of means; (i) in the eastern part of the proposed determination area, the applicants have an ancestral connection to those who occupied the area at or around the acquisition of British sovereignty; (j) in the western part of the proposed determination area, which it is agreed is within the areas traditionally associated with the Western Desert, there is limited ancestral link between the applicants and those who occupied the area at sovereignty. Rather, during the period of about 1925 to 1975 the applicants and their antecedents migrated into the area, mostly from areas to the north east, and over time rights were acquired in that area consistent with Western Desert traditional law and custom; and (k) the Western Desert system of law and custom remains vital for the applicants who have an intimate knowledge of the law and custom including an extensive knowledge of Western Desert dreaming tracks and associated sites, stories and songs, and their importance in the context of the broader Western Desert (with associated restrictions on women, young men and children). This includes acceptance by the applicants of responsibility which attaches to acquisition of knowledge both in relation to land and generally and the need to transmit that knowledge to younger generations. This is grounded in a system of kinship under which roles and responsibility are known and acknowledged (including in relation to ritual, marriage, death/burial etc). Appropriate behaviour is expected, and sanctions for breach exist under law and custom. Language is generally spoken by the applicants and traditional names for people and places are widespread and generally known.

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Authorisation of the applicants 15 As outlined in the joint submissions, it is necessary to consider the continuing authorisation of the applicants after the sad death of individual members of the applicant groups in the Wiluna and Tarlpa applications. Specifically since the initial authorisation of the applicant in the Wiluna application in 1998, sadly, eight of the 15 persons named as the applicant have died. Similarly regarding the Tarlpa application, since the initial authorisation in 2007 three of the four persons named as the applicant have died. As a consequence the question arises as to whether the remaining named applicants continue to be authorised to deal with all matters arising in relation to the Wiluna and Tarlpa applications pursuant to the Native Title Act, including consenting to the proposed determination. 16 In considering this issue the Court notes the evidence provided in Mr O'Dell's affidavit and the joint submissions supporting the on-going authorisation in this way: (a) the authorisation process, being a decision-making process made in accordance with traditional law and custom, also limits the authority of the representative applicants by requiring that all important decisions are directed by the claim group including the decision to agree to the determination; (b) the respective claim groups have continued to direct the representative applicants and the representative applicants have made all decisions in accordance with these directions including following the death of individual applicants; and (c) by continuing this process following the death of individual applicants, the members of the respective native claim groups have at every opportunity on the death of a member of the applicant group either formally or informally expressed their authorisation of the surviving members of the applicant group. 17 In Lennon v State of South Australia [2010] FCA 743 Mansfield J in considering an application seeking orders for the removal of the names of two deceased persons from a list of persons named as applicant and held that, where one or more of a number of persons authorised to be the applicant in a claim for the determination of native title has died, generally the remaining persons so authorised may continue to deal with all matters arising under the Native Title Act in relation to the application. The remaining persons so authorised will continue to be 'the applicant' for that purpose: Lennon (at [1]). In the absence of evidence to the contrary, authorisation is to be understood in the context of the native title claim group recognising the circumstances of one or other of the authorised persons may change, and that one change may involve the death of one or more of the persons named as applicant : Lennon (at [34]). 18 The same reasoning is relevant to these applications and on that basis and in consideration of the evidence, the Court accepts that the applicant group in the Wiluna and Tarlpa remain authorised and have consented to the proposed determination.

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Requirements pursuant to ss 87 and 87A Native Title Act 21 The applicants and the State submit that a determination of native title should be made pursuant to s 87 of the Native Title Act for the Tarlpa and Wiluna #3 applications and pursuant to s 87A of the Native Title Act for part of the area of the Wiluna application. 22 Section 87 of the Native Title Act provides, in effect, that the Court may make a determination of native title by consent over an area covered by a native title application without holding a hearing where: (a) the period specified in the notice given under s 66 of the Native Title Act has ended and an agreement has been reached regarding the proceeding or part of the proceeding (s 87(1)(a)); (b) the terms of an agreement, in writing signed by or on behalf of the parties, are filed with the Court (s 87(1)(b)); (c) the Court is satisfied that an order in, or consistent with, those terms would be within the power of the Court (s 87(1)(c)); and (d) it appears appropriate to the Court to make the orders sought (ss 87(1A) and 87(2)). 23 Section 87A of the Native Title Act provides, in effect, that the Court may make a determination of native title by consent over part of an application area without holding a hearing where: (a) the period specified in the notice given under s 66 of the Native Title Act has ended (s 87A(1)(b)); (b) there is an agreement for a proposed determination of native title in relation to part of an area covered by the native title application (s 87A(1)(b)); (c) the terms of the proposed determination are in writing, signed by or on behalf of all of the parties required to be parties to the agreement pursuant to s 87A(1)(c) and are filed with the Court (ss 87A(1)(c), 87A(1)(d) and 87A(2)); (d) the Registrar of the Federal Court has given notice to the other parties to the proceeding who have not become, or are not required to be, parties to the agreement that the proposed determination of native title has been filed with the Court (s 87A(3)); (e) the Court has taken into account any objection made by the other parties to the proceeding (s 87A(8)); (f) the Court is satisfied that an order in, or consistent with, those terms would be within the power of the Court (s 87A(4)(a)); and (g) it appears appropriate to the Court to make the orders sought (s 87A(4)(b)). 24 Regarding these requirements, pursuant to ss 87(1)(a) and 87A(1)(b) of the Native Title Act the notification period ended for the Tarlpa application on 29 October 2008, for the Wiluna #3 application on 9 July 2013 and for the Wiluna application on 17 August 2000. 25 The Minute reflects the agreement reached for a proposed determination of native title, is filed with the Court, is in writing and is signed by or on behalf of the parties to the applications: ss 87(1)(b), 87A(1)(b)), 87A(1)(c), 87A(1)(d), 87A(2) of the Native Title Act. 26 The agreement for a proposed determination of native title is in relation to the land and waters claimed in the Tarlpa and Wiluna #3 applications and part of the land and waters claimed in respect to Wiluna: ss 87(1)(a) and 87A(1)(b). 27 On 17 July 2013 in compliance with s 87A(3) of the Native Title Act the Registrar gave notice to the other parties to the Wiluna application that the proposed determination of native title for part of the Wiluna application was filed with the Court on 5 July 2013: s 87A(3). No objections were received and therefore it is not necessary for the Court to take into account any objections: s 87A(8). 28 The orders sought in the Minute are consistent with the terms of the agreement pursuant to ss 87(1)(c) and 87A(4)(a) of the Native Title Act for the following reasons: (a) the proposed determination complies with ss 94A and 225 of the Native Title Act; (b) the applications pursuant to s 251B of the Native Title Act are validly made having been authorised by the applicant group in each application according to decision-making process that, under the traditional laws and customs of each applicant group, authorised the named applicant in each matter to make the applications. (c) as required by s 61A(1) of the Native Title Act each application is for a determination of native title in relation to areas for which there is no approved determination of native title; and (d) the parties agree that: (i) the pre-conditions for the application of s 47 of the Native Title Act have been met in relation to pastoral lease K601976; (ii) the pre-conditions for the application of s 47A of the Native Title Act have been met in relation to Reserves 23985, 25670, 32146, 34096, 41801 and 42002 and fee simple interests the subject of CT1356/564, CT1356/565, CT1356/566, CT2052/626, CT2070/454 and CT2095/021; and (iii) the pre-conditions for the application of s 47B of the Native Title Act have been met in relation to unallocated Crown land 2, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 22, 35, 36 and 37, with the result that any extinguishment of native title in relation to those areas must be disregarded in accordance with those provisions. 29 Finally in considering whether the orders sought are appropriate to make, the exercise of the Court's discretion under s 87A of the Native Title Act imports the same principles as those which apply under s 87. As Bennett J noted in Brown (on behalf of the Ngarla People) v State of Western Australia [2007] FCA 1025 (at [22]) the discretion conferred by s 87A and by s 87 must be exercised judicially and within the broad boundaries ascertained by reference to the subject matter, scope and purpose of the Native Title Act. 30 The focus of the Court in considering whether the orders sought are appropriate is on the making of the agreement by the parties. This is because the Native Title Act is designed to encourage parties to take responsibility for resolving proceedings without the need for litigation. When the Court is examining the appropriateness of an agreement, it is not required to examine whether the agreement is grounded on a factual basis which would satisfy the Court at a hearing of the application. Rather the primary consideration of the Court is to determine whether there is an agreement and whether it was freely entered into on an informed basis: Hughes (on behalf of the Eastern Guruma People) v State of Western Australia [2007] FCA 365 (at [9]) per Bennett J. 31 Therefore it is not necessary for the Court to embark on its own full inquiry of the merits of the claim made in the application to be satisfied that the orders sought are supportable and in accordance with the law: Cox on behalf of the Yungngora People v State of Western Australia [2007] FCA 588 (at [3]) per French J, as his Honour then was. However the Court may consider evidence for the limited purpose of being satisfied that the State is acting in good faith and rationally: Munn (for and on behalf of the Gunggari People) v Queensland (2001) 115 FCR 109 (at [29]-[30]) per Emmett J. 32 In relation to the applications, all parties have been legally represented throughout the mediation process. In particular the State has played an active role in the negotiation of the consent determination and the State, acting on behalf of the community generally, having regard to the requirements of the Native Title Act and through a rigorous and detailed assessment process of the connection material, has satisfied itself that the determination is justified in all the circumstances. In addition following the assessment process, mediation was convened by Registrars of the Court during the period of December 2010 to June 2013 which effectively assisted the parties reaching agreement. 33 In addition the State has conducted searches of land tenure, mining and petroleum registries to determine the extent of 'other interests' within the proposed determination area, and those interests are included in the proposed determination, as outlined in Schedule 5 to the Minute. 34 There are no other applications before the Court relating to native title determination applications that cover any part of the proposed determination area which would otherwise require orders to be made under s 67(1) of the Native Title Act. 35 In light of the above, the Court is satisfied, pursuant to s 87 of the Native Title Act in relation to the Tarlpa and Wiluna #3 applications and s 87A of the Native Title Act in relation to part of the Wiluna application, that it is appropriate to make the orders sought by the parties in the Minute. 36 The Court is satisfied that the agreement reached by the parties as reflected in the Minute has been freely entered into on an informed basis. In particular the State has played an active role in the negotiation of the proposed consent determination in mediation and has acted in good faith and rationally.

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CONCLUSION 37 By signing the Minute all other parties to the proceeding have indicated their agreement and their involvement is not to be forgotten. In the circumstances the Court considers it appropriate to make the determination of native title in the terms proposed. 38 The Native Title Act encourages the resolution by agreement of applications for determinations of native title. In these applications the agreement reached has been assisted by the Tribunal and by the mediation convened by Registrars of the Court. The applicants, the State, the non-State respondent parties, legal representatives and all those involved in assisting resolve these proceedings by agreement are to be congratulated. 39 In making a determination of native title in the terms set out in the Minute, the Court is recognising what has always existed. Additionally, the nature of the determination recognises not just the applicants' rights but how they operate in relation to other interests, including those of the respondents with whom agreement has been reached. 40 For those reasons the following orders are made in recognition that native title exists in accordance with the traditional laws and customs of the applicants: 1. Any part of the application for a determination of native title in WAD 6164 of 1998 that overlaps the native title application in WAD 50 of 2010 be discontinued and no determination is made in respect of that part. 2. Any part of the application for a determination of native title in WAD 6164 of 1998 that overlaps the native title application in WAD 181 of 2012 be discontinued. 3. In relation to the Determination Area, there be a determination of native title in part of the area covered by WAD 6164 of 1998 and a determination of native title in the whole of the area covered by WAD 248 of 2007 and WAD 181 of 2012 in terms of the Determination at Attachment "A" to these orders. The determination is to take effect immediately upon the making of a determination under section 56(1) or 57(2) of the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) as the case may be. 4. Within 12 months of the date upon which these orders are made, a representative of the common law holders of the native title rights and interests shall indicate whether they intend to have the native title rights and interests held in trust and, if so, by whom. They are invited to do so by: (a) nominating in writing to the Federal Court a prescribed body corporate to be trustee of the native title rights and interests; and (b) including within the nomination the written consent of the body corporate. 5. If a prescribed body corporate is nominated in accordance with order 4, it will hold the native title rights and interests described in order 3 in trust for the common law holders of the native title rights and interests. 6. In the event that there is no nomination within the time specified in order 4, or such later time as the Court may order, the matter is to be listed for further directions. 7. There be no order as to costs. I certify that the preceding forty (40) numbered paragraph is a true copy of the Reasons for Judgment herein of the Honourable Justice McKerracher.

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[Portion 1] (a) All those lands and waters commencing at the northwestern corner of the western severance of Pastoral Lease 3114/654 (Granite Peak) being a point on the present boundary of Native Title Determination WAD6284/1998 Birriliburu People (Part A) (WC1998/068) and extending easterly and southerly along boundaries of that native title determination to the northernmost northwestern corner of the eastern severance of Pastoral Lease 3114/654 (Granite Peak); Then southerly, generally easterly, again southerly and easterly along boundaries of that pastoral lease to the intersection with the northernmost northwestern corner of Unallocated Crown Land being Lot 4 as shown on Deposited Plan 220354; Then southerly, westerly, again southerly, easterly, again southerly and again easterly along boundaries of that lot to the southwestern corner of Unallocated Crown Land being Lot 3 as shown on Deposited Plan 220354; Then easterly, northerly, again easterly and again northerly along boundaries of that lot to its easternmost northeastern corner being a point on the present boundary of Native Title Determination WAD6284/1998 Birriliburu People (Part A) (WC1998/068); Then extending northerly, westerly, again northerly and northwesterly along boundaries of that native title determination to the intersection with a southern boundary of Native Title Application WAD50/2010 Birriliburu #3 (WC2010/002); Then easterly and northerly along boundaries of that native title application to the westernmost southwestern corner of the eastern severance of Pastoral Lease 3114/1070 (Carnegie); Then northerly, easterly, southerly, generally easterly and generally southerly along boundaries of that severance to the northernmost northeastern corner of Pastoral Lease 3114/1066 (Prenti Downs); Then southerly, westerly and again southerly along boundaries of that pastoral lease to Latitude 26.527203 South; Then southwesterly to Latitude 26.654609 South, Longitude 122.927246 East; Then westerly to easternmost southeastern corner of Pastoral Lease PL K601976 (Windidda); Then northerly, generally westerly, southerly and westerly along boundaries of that pastoral lease to the easternmost northeastern corner of Pastoral Lease 3114/1067 (Yelma); Then southerly and generally westerly along boundaries of that pastoral lease to intersection with a eastern boundary of Pastoral Lease 3114/472 (Lake Violet); Then southerly and westerly along boundaries of that pastoral lease to Longitude 121.017081 East; Then generally northwesterly through the following coordinate positions. LATITUDE (SOUTH) LONGITUDE (EAST) 26.834142 121.016025 26.828110 121.014255 26.818018 121.011107 26.812565 121.008939 26.806880 121.006771

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[WAD 248/2007 - Tarlpa] 2. In relation to WAD 248/2007 all those lands and waters commencing at the northernmost northwestern corner of the northwestern severance of Pastoral Lease 3114/1164 (Lake Way) being a point on the present boundary of Native Title Application WAD6164/1998 Wiluna (WC1999/024); Then extending easterly, generally southeasterly, generally northerly and generally easterly along boundaries of that native title application to the easternmost northeastern corner of the eastern severance of Pastoral Lease 3114/1164 (Lake Way). Then southerly and westerly along boundaries of that severance to a eastern boundary of Lot 304 as shown on Deposited Plan 45189; Then westerly and generally northwesterly along the boundaries of that lot to the intersection with a eastern boundary of reserve 9699; Then southerly along the boundary of that reserve to the intersection with the prolongation easterly of a southern boundary of the southwestern severance of Pastoral Lease 3114/1164 (Lake Way); Then westerly to and generally westerly, northerly and northeasterly along boundaries of that pastoral lease to the intersection with the southern boundary of Reserve 12827; Then westerly, northerly and easterly along boundaries of that reserve to the intersection with Pastoral Lease 3114/1164 (Lake Way); Then generally northwesterly, northerly, generally westerly and again northerly along boundaries of that pastoral lease back to the commencement point. Note: Geographic Coordinates provided in Decimal Degrees All referenced Deposited Plans and Diagrams are held by the Western Australian Land Information Authority, trading as Landgate. Cadastral boundaries sourced from Landgate's Spatial Cadastral Database dated 1st May 2013 For the avoidance of doubt the application excludes any land and waters already claimed by: Native Title Application WAD6164/1998 Wiluna (WC1999/024) as accepted for registration on the 24th September 1999. Datum: Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94) Prepared by: Native Title Spatial Services (Landgate) 3rd July 2013

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Part 2 - Areas of land and waters where native title does not exist [The areas in paragraphs 1 - 3 below are areas of land and waters within the Determination Area where native title does not exist as a result of pastoral improvements.] 1. Any areas of land or waters where any of the following improvements constructed on pastoral leases within the Determination Area: (a) sheds, buildings and electrical generation facilities; (b) constructed airstrips; (c) bores, turkey nests, squatters' tanks, constructed dams or other constructed stock watering points; (d) stockyards; (e) trapyards; and (f) constructed roads. The areas described by (a)-(f) comprise land on which the improvements have been constructed prior to the date of this Determination, and any adjacent land or waters the exclusive use of which is necessary for the enjoyment of the improvements. 2. The following locations and adjacent land or waters within a 2km radius of each location, being areas of land and waters on pastoral leases within the Determination Area on which pastoral improvements being a homestead or house has been constructed prior to the date of this Determination. Homestead Latitude (South) Longitude (East) Carnegie Station (pastoral lease 3114/1070) 25.7962 122.9752 Cunyu Station (pastoral lease 3114/1049) 25.707360 120.347020 Granite Peak Station (pastoral lease 3114/654) 25.636750 121.354320 Lake Violet Station (pastoral lease 3114/472) 26.5376 120.6636 Lake Way Station (pastoral lease 3114/1164) 26.9409 120.4661 Millbillillie Station (pastoral lease 3114/1260) 26.6192 120.3317 Millrose Station (pastoral lease 3114/960) 26.398440 120.954130 Niminga Station (pastoral lease 3114/1069) 25.47243 122.41170 Prenti Downs Station (pastoral lease 3114/1066) 26.515820 122.806730 Wongawol Station (pastoral lease 3114/1068) 26.121530 121.941840 Yelma Station (pastoral lease 3114/1067) 26.535050 121.689330

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Fee simple CT127/177 CT1039/623 GT17/665 CT915/114 CT167/34 CT1039/624 GT17/696 LG454/117 CT167/35 CT1039/625 GT17/738 LG456/77 CT167/36 CT1039/626 GT17/739 LG456/97 CT167/98 CT1039/627 GT17/753 LG457/127 CT173/123 CT1039/628 GT18/29 LG458/168 CT173/124 CT1039/637 GT18/30 LG471/160 CT173/125 CT1039/638 GT18/31 LG491/17 CT173/126 CT1039/639 GT18/32 LG510/146 CT173/128 CT1039/660 GT18/33 LG510/171 CT173/129 CT1039/661 GT18/34 LG522/61 CT173/131 CT1039/918 GT18/222 LG528/174 CT173/167 CT1039/976 GT18/244 CT27/332A CT173/196 CT1044/136 GT18/245 CT34/216A CT173/197 CT1044/709 GT18/246 CT173/167 CT176/1 CT1044/744 GT18/297 CT517/178A CT179/51 CT1044/745 GT18/325 CT551/165A CT179/55 CT1044/784 GT18/369 CT1011/231 CT179/56 CT1047/85 GT18/370 CT1012/050 CT179/57 CT1047/114 GT18/387 CT1033/607 CT179/58 CT1047/115 GT18/388 CT1034/272 CT179/87 CT1047/346 GT18/389 CT1034/663 CT179/103 CT1047/347 GT18/390 CT1035/542 CT179/132 CT1047/409 GT18/391 CT1040/548 CT179/133 CT1047/517 GT18/392 CT1041/826 CT179/134 CT1047/560 GT18/393 CT1044/701 CT179/135 CT1047/561 GT18/394 CT1044/743 CT192/3 CT1047/674 GT18/395 CT1046/502 CT192/4 CT1047/793 GT18/396 CT1048/249 CT198/192 CT1052/212 GT18/397 CT1048/748 CT456/45 CT1052/213 GT18/398 CT1054/570 CT1013/584 CT1052/214 GT18/399 CT1058/542 CT1029/548 CT1052/368 GT18/400 CT1058/898 CT1029/635 CT1052/278 GT18/401 CT1061/067 CT1032/333 CT1052/380 GT18/602 CT1155/312 CT1032/740 CT1052/387 GT18/603 CT1191/277 CT1032/766 CT1052/416 GT18/629 CT1281/999 CT1032/771 CT1052/490 GT18/737 CT1293/319 CT1032/966 CT1052/648 GT18/738 CT1353/443 CT1032/967 CT1052/649 GT18/766 CT1356/567 CT1035/111 CT1052/831 GT19/56 CT1360/162 CT1035/188 CT1057/975 GT19/185 CT1373/396 CT1035/198 CT1064/625 GT19/186 CT1373/397 CT1035/251 CT1208/5 GT19/187 CT1379/272 CT1035/308 CT1267/103 GT19/353 CT1420/752 CT1035/383 CT1316/950 GT19/354 CT1420/753 CT1035/384 CT1349/693 GT19/355 CT1546/115 CT1035/429 CT1405/343 GT19/535 CT1602/843 CT1035/460 CT1405/344 GT19/580 CT1602/844 CT1035/465 CT1602/850 GT19/581 CT1602/845 CT1035/503 CT1604/351 GT19/723 CT1602/846 CT1035/525 CT2006/559 GT20/30 CT1602/848 CT1035/553 CT2006/560 GT20/89 CT1602/850 CT1035/582 CT2194/798 GT20/105 CT1604/302 CT1035/632 CT2194/799 GT20/529 CT1604/351 CT1035/761 GT16/37 GT20/530 CT1639/204 CT1035/840 GT16/167 GT20/675 CT1733/499 CT1035/841 GT16/286 GT20/724 CT1765/515 CT1035/842 GT16/287 GT20/725 CT1765/516 CT1035/843 GT16/448 GT20/787 CT1766/398 CT1035/844 GT16/513 GT20/788 CT1810/185 CT1035/845 GT16/514 GT21/36 CT1810/187 CT1035/846 GT16/580 GT21/37 CT2188/500 CT1035/847 GT16/581 GT21/49 CT2194/701 CT1035/848 GT16/601 GT21/50 CT2194/798 CT1035/857 GT16/615 GT21/51 CT2194/799 CT1035/981 GT16/731 GT21/81 CT2223/667 CT1039/53 GT16/793 GT21/119 CT1039/132 GT17/85 GT21/332 CT1039/224 GT17/86 GT21/374 CT1039/312 GT17/230 GT21/431 CT1039/331 GT17/490 GT22/20 CT1039/529 GT17/491 GT22/21 CT1039/622 GT17/492 GT22/467

[61]

Leasehold CL0193200714 CL0193301325 CL0193401072 CL0193600748 CL0193200843 CL0193301326 CL0193401075 CL0193600751 CL0193200859 CL0193301338 CL0193401078 CL0193600752 CL0193201042 CL0193301339 CL0193401126 CL0193600762 CL0193201153 CL0193301340 CL0193401127 CL0193600769 CL0193201158 CL0193301341 CL0193401140 CL0193600834 CL0193201159 CL0193301348 CL0193401150 CL0193600835 CL0193201178 CL0193301352 CL0193401181 CL0193600836 CL0193201179 CL0193301354 CL0193401202 CL0193600837 CL0193201182 CL0193301355 CL0193401212 CL0193600845 CL0193201212 CL0193301363 CL0193401213 CL0193600846 CL0193201228 CL0193301372 CL0193401214 CL0193600887 CL0193201238 CL0193301395 CL0193401253 CL0193600912 CL0193201473 CL0193301396 CL0193401296 CL0193600913 CL0193300048 CL0193301397 CL0193500075 CL0193600915 CL0193300049 CL0193301398 CL0193500079 CL0193600916 CL0193300133 CL0193301399 CL0193500080 CL0193600969 CL0193300260 CL0193301400 CL0193500081 CL0193600992 CL0193300261 CL0193301401 CL0193500082 CL0193601036 CL0193300297 CL0193301429 CL0193500091 CL0193601037 CL0193300308 CL0193301438 CL0193500092 CL0193601125 CL0193300359 CL0193301439 CL0193500267 CL0193601127 CL0193300360 CL0193301440 CL0193500268 CL0193601128 CL0193300362 CL0193301461 CL0193500269 CL0193601159 CL0193300370 CL0193301483 CL0193500270 CL0193601241 CL0193300396 CL0193301485 CL0193500476 CL0193601261 CL0193300423 CL0193301489 CL0193500487 CL0193601411 CL0193300429 CL0193301493 CL0193500571 CL0193601421 CL0193300453 CL0193301512 CL0193500691 CL0193601433 CL0193300468 CL0193301513 CL0193500692 CL0193601434 CL0193300541 CL0193301561 CL0193501193 CL0193601435 CL0193300553 CL0193301563 CL0193501199 CL0193601436 CL0193300561 CL0193400041 CL0193501200 CL0193601476 CL0193300563 CL0193400058 CL0193501201 CL0193601505 CL0193300569 CL0193400076 CL0193600001 CL0193601506 CL0193300576 CL0193400164 CL0193600066 CL0193601543 CL0193300608 CL0193400165 CL0193600120 CL0193601595 CL0193300643 CL0193400179 CL0193600121 CL0193601599 CL0193300655 CL0193400194 CL0193600124 CL0193601630 CL0193300853 CL0193400204 CL0193600138 CL0193601631 CL0193300906 CL0193400235 CL0193600141 CL0193601677 CL0193300908 CL0193400248 CL0193600192 CL0193601695 CL0193300909 CL0193400249 CL0193600213 CL0193601737 CL0193300911 CL0193400288 CL0193600217 CL0193601808 CL0193300916 CL0193400307 CL0193600220 CL0193601816 CL0193300918 CL0193400316 CL0193600229 CL0193601817 CL0193300940 CL0193400317 CL0193600239 CL0193601819 CL0193300958 CL0193400318 CL0193600246 CL0193601820 CL0193300960 CL0193400319 CL0193600280 CL0193601878 CL0193300961 CL0193400327 CL0193600288 CL0193700077 CL0193300965 CL0193400330 CL0193600290 CL0193700107 CL0193300977 CL0193400334 CL0193600296 CL0193700108 CL0193300983 CL0193400335 CL0193600303 CL0193700109 CL0193301008 CL0193400336 CL0193600304 CL0193700110 CL0193301009 CL0193400340 CL0193600309 CL0193700132 CL0193301022 CL0193400341 CL0193600311 CL0193700176 CL0193301025 CL0193400346 CL0193600313 CL0193700177 CL0193301038 CL0193400351 CL0193600314 CL0193700242 CL0193301041 CL0193400429 CL0193600394 CL0193700244 CL0193301048 CL0193400430 CL0193600395 CL0193700253 CL0193301056 CL0193400437 CL0193600416 CL0193700254 CL0193301060 CL0193400438 CL0193600425 CL0193700255 CL0193301061 CL0193400476 CL0193600426 CL0193700256 CL0193301070 CL0193400542 CL0193600427 CL0193700304 CL0193301071 CL0193400545 CL0193600430 CL0193700305 CL0193301074 CL0193400547 CL0193600431 CL0193700343 CL0193301082 CL0193400677 CL0193600432 CL0193700344 CL0193301116 CL0193400682 CL0193600442 CL0193700345 CL0193301122 CL0193400687 CL0193600446 CL0193700346 CL0193301124 CL0193400693 CL0193600449 CL0193700428 CL0193301167 CL0193400697 CL0193600464 CL0193700429 CL0193301175 CL0193400698 CL0193600468 CL0193700446 CL0193301180 CL0193400702 CL0193600480 CL0193700663 CL0193301186 CL0193400704 CL0193600495 CL0193700888 CL0193301188 CL0193400706 CL0193600501 CL0193701016 CL0193301191 CL0193400712 CL0193600527 CL0193701354 CL0193301192 CL0193400745 CL0193600528 CL0193701461 CL0193301210 CL0193400746 CL0193600530 CL0193800187 CL0193301215 CL0193400750 CL0193600535 CL0193800298 CL0193301216 CL0193400807 CL0193600536 CL0193800914 CL0193301218 CL0193400845 CL0193600551 CL0193801559 CL0193301219 CL0193400849 CL0193600559 CL0194000185 CL0193301220 CL0193400852 CL0193600562 CL01947021558 CL0193301246 CL0193400913 CL0193600582 CL0196200422 CL0193301283 CL0193400914 CL0193600599 CL1332/1933 CL0193301310 CL0193400915 CL0193600600 CL135/1933 CL0193301313 CL0193400916 CL0193600610 CL996/1933 CL0193301317 CL0193400957 CL0193600626 I122018 CL0193301323 CL0193400976 CL0193600652 R717/41A CL0193301324 CL0193400977 CL0193600653

[66]

[The persons referred to in Order 3] 1. The native title holders are persons who: (a) have rights in part or all of the Determination Area through descent (whether from a parent or grandparent from the area or who died and is buried in the area), conception and/or birth within the area, long-term residence within the area, high ritual knowledge within the area or responsibility for sites within the area; and (b) who are recognised under the traditional laws and customs by the other native title holders as having rights in the Determination Area. 2. At the date of this Determination, this includes the following persons who are recognised under the relevant traditional laws and customs by the other native title holders as having rights in the Determination Area: (a) the descendants of the union of the following people: (i) Milpuntu/Jack Abbott and Puku/Amy Abbott; (ii) Warilki Anderson and Tjungtawa/Skinny Fannie/Bunnie Stevens; (iii) Maitungkata/Paddy Anderson and Kiliya/Amy Anderson; (iv) Yingkali Manara/Mickey Ingle and Kurutjuli/Miriam; (v) Kunamalaya/Jacky Jackman and Wilunya/Wilana Brown/Jackman; (vi) Peter Gogo and Lady Gogo; (vii) Ngalama/Old Paul Morgan and Wangu; (viii) Lenny Morrison and Fannie Jones/Stevens; (ix) Anthony Jones and May Jones; (x) Charlie Riley and Biddy Riley; (xi) Muddy Patch and Marlala Nanji; (xii) Kurril/Scotty/Ted/Packhorse Rennie Tullock and Daisy Garland; (xiii) Piparntjukurr and Kiri/Keri Muru; (xiv) Wuli/Jimmy Wongawol and Lily Munda; (xv) Nyarraur/Cutline/Ben Brown and Amy Jackman/Brown; (xvi) Nanyi-Nanyi/Mr P/Billy Patch and Rosalie Anderson/Patterson; and (xvii) Wakukutjara and Yayangarta. (b) the descendants of the following people: (i) Cyril Bingham; (ii) Munga/Margaret Long; (iii) Tauwi/Miriam Stewart; (iv) Mimpu/Willy Williams; (v) Ningara Martin; (vi) Mirta-Mirta/Andy Campbell; (vii) Kutulan/Hitler Richards; (viii) Lorna Redman/Stewart; (ix) Nyunyi/Maudie Jackman; (x) Ngalyakarnpal/Barbara Anderson; (xi) Rosy Grant; (xii) Alfie Ashwin; (xiii) Gladys Bingham; (xiv) Adam Bingham; (xv) Christine Bingham; (xvi) James Harris; (xvii) Winya/Minnie; (xviii) Yungkutjuru/Kitty Hill; (xix) Tulkiwa/Jeanie Elliott; (xx) Molly Long; (xxi) Mitjipung/Sandy/Santa Clause; (xxii) Kanturangu/Frank Narrier; (xxiii) Yarltat/Joe Finch; (xxiv) Pangka Wongawol/Riley; (xxv) Saxon/Jackson Stevens; (xxvi) Yupun; (xxvii) Tjiriltjukul; (xxviii) Yutunga/Udunga Kianga; (xxix) Yinyiyapa/Ruby Jackson/Parker; (xxx) Wungkajtu/George Wongajoe; (xxxi) Molly Anderson; (xxxii) Eddieman/Edmund/Eddie Redman; and (xxxiii) Minnie Wongawol. (c) the following people and the descendants of their unions with the listed deceased partner: (i) Jimmy Patch (deceased) and Maxine Warren; (ii) Yalyalyi/Jack Stevens (deceased) and Tilly Gogo/Stevens; (iii) Tjupi-Tjupi/Peter Stewart (deceased) and Tjilpi/Greta Long; and (iv) Yatjuwunga/Peter (deceased) and Katjipil/Daisy Kaddabil. (d) the following people and their descendants: (i) Firestick/Barry Abbott; (ii) Nyapala Morgan; (iii) Wendy Redman/Abbott; (iv) Nyulkul-Nyulkul/Dusty Stevens; (v) Creamy Allison; (vi) Monty Allison; (vii) Elizabeth Wongyabong; and (viii) Shirley Wongyabong. (e) the following people: (i) Matuwa/Norman Thompson.

[72]

Pastoral lease 0247/102 0408/97 3472/97 395/0762 0248/102 0409/97 3473/97 395/0764 0863/102 0410/97 3475/97 395/0780 0864/102 0411/97 3477/97 395/0838 0907/102 0412/97 3481/97 395/0848 0987/102 0435/97 3485/97 395/0849 0988/102 0450/97 3491/97 395/0850 1015/102 0484/97 3492/97 395/0863 1026/102 0501/97 3495/97 395/0875 1027/102 0540/97 3503/97 395/0906 1041/102 0541/97 3519/97 395/0910 1065/102 0551/97 3524/97 395/0917 1066/102 0552/97 3528/97 395/0920 1132/102 0553/97 3530/97 395/0921 1160/102 0562/97 3531/97 395/0923 1184/102 0567/97 3534/97 395/0929 1216/102 0574/97 3537/97 395/0950 1217/102 0577/97 3538/97 395/0951 1227/102 0578/97 3539/97 395/0961 1235/102 0586/97 3540/97 395/0965 1331/102 0625/97 3541/97 395/0970 1387/102 0627/97 3552/97 395/0971 1434/102 0628/97 3567/97 395/0974 1447/102 0629/97 3579/97 395/0975 1502/102 0630/97 3592/97 395/0976 1570/102 0631/97 3594/97 395/0979 1624/102 0633/97 3597/97 395/1053 1723/102 0634/97 3602/97 395/1055 1797/102 0635/97 3608/97 395/1062 1971/102 0636/97 3623/97 395/1065 2003/102 0638/97 3624/97 395/1099 2157/102 0639/97 3637/97 398/0422 2158/102 0640/97 3657/97 398/0485 2240/102 0641/97 3664/97 398/0539 2241/102 0642/97 3672/97 398/0540 2242/102 0643/97 3682/97 398/0541 2248/102 0645/97 3699/97 398/0542 2277/102 0646/97 3703/97 398/0543 2494/102 0795/97 3708/97 398/0544 2503/102 0797/97 3709/97 398/0545 2506/102 0805/97 3711/97 398/0546 2601/102 0806/97 3714/97 398/0547 2610/102 0810/97 3723/97 398/0548 2611/102 0818/97 3732/97 398/0549 2612/102 0823/97 3740/97 398/0550 2633/102 0840/97 3755/97 398/0551 2634/102 0841/97 3765/97 398/0552 2678/102 0842/97 3768/97 398/0558 2687/102 0845/97 3114/0412 398/0572 2688/102 0849/97 3114/0445 398/0576 2694/102 0851/97 3114/0472 398/0579 2872/102 0854/97 3114/0503 398/0641 2873/102 0972/97 3114/0542 4/0605 2916/102 0974/97 3114/0627 4/0606 2918/102 0976/97 3114/0654 4/0607 2923/102 0989/97 3114/0737 4/0608 2924/102 2642/97 3114/0955 4/0734 2925/102 2643/97 3114/0960 4/0735 2926/102 2650/97 3114/0988 4/0736 3151/102 2651/97 3114/1049 4/0740 3162/102 2652/97 3114/1059 4/0859 3200/102 2653/97 3114/1062 70/0138 3201/102 2654/97 3114/1065 70/0340 3202/102 2771/97 3114/1066 70/0343 3245/102 2851/97 3114/1067 70/0351 3393/102 2887/97 3114/1068 70/0352 3453/102 2971/97 3114/1069 70/0353 3454/102 3000/97 3114/1070 70/0355 0831/94 3034/97 3114/1131 70/0357 0834/94 3039/97 3114/1164 70/0359 0847/94 3040/97 3114/1253 70/0425 0848/94 3048/97 3114/1260 70/0426 0865/94 3081/97 395/0405 70/0427 0918/94 3082/97 395/0406 70/0428 1009/94 3089/97 395/0407 70/0429 1045/94 3101/97 395/0415 70/0434 1072/94 3128/97 395/0424 70/0436 1083/94 3134/97 395/0425 70/0437 1093/94 3135/97 395/0426 70/0438 1097/94 3136/97 395/0430 70/0439 1195/94 3137/97 395/0431 70/0440 1242/94 3143/97 395/0435 70/0441 1250/94 3149/97 395/0450 70/0442 1322/94 3168/97 395/0451 70/0443 1356/94 3174/97 395/0452 70/0444 1363/94 3175/97 395/0460 70/0445 1366/94 3196/97 395/0463 70/0446 1378/94 3198/97 395/0511 70/0447 1382/94 3205/97 395/0512 70/0448 1383/94 3206/97 395/0513 70/0449 1393/94 3214/97 395/0514 70/0456 1394/94 3229/97 395/0515 70/0457 1408/94 3230/97 395/0516 70/0479 1409/94 3231/97 395/0517 70/0480 1572/96 3240/97 395/0561 70/0490 0230/97 3260/97 395/0562 70/0537 0231/97 3269/97 395/0564 70/0540 0233/97 3270/97 395/0572 70/0541 0241/97 3271/97 395/0574 70/0542 0256/97 3277/97 395/0587 70/0543 0258/97 3278/97 395/0588 70/0544 0261/97 3279/97 395/0589 70/0545 0262/97 3280/97 395/0590 70/0546 0275/97 3281/97 395/0591 70/0552 0276/97 3288/97 395/0592 70/0554 0283/97 3297/97 395/0593 70/0556 0288/97 3300/97 395/0619 70/0557 0289/97 3307/97 395/0620 70/0558 0307/97 3311/97 395/0634 70/0729 0308/97 3321/97 395/0671 70/0731 0310/97 3323/97 395/0672 70/0732 0319/97 3332/97 395/0673 70/0735 0322/97 3333/97 395/0674 70/0736 0323/97 3338/97 395/0676 70/0836 0332/97 3346/97 395/0677 70/0842 0333/97 3350/97 395/0678 70/0843 0341/97 3365/97 395/0679 70/0844 0356/97 3375/97 395/0680 70/0846 0357/97 3404/97 395/0681 70/0898 0358/97 3417/97 395/0682 70/0911 0359/97 3430/97 395/0683 0214/97 0360/97 3431/97 395/0690 0218/97 0362/97 3432/97 395/0691 97/0212 0363/97 3445/97 395/0705 97/0233 0384/97 3451/97 395/0752 N2696 0397/97 3452/97 395/0753 0406/97 3453/97 395/0754 0407/97 3456/97 395/0755

[73]

B. MINING INTERESTS Gold mining lease GML3600137 GML3600875 GML5300228 GML5300488 GML3600138 GML3600885 GML5300229 GML5300489 GML3600139 GML3600893 GML5300230 GML5300491 GML3600140 GML3600906 GML5300231 GML5300492 GML3600141 GML3600917 GML5300233 GML5300493 GML3600143 GML3600928 GML5300234 GML5300494 GML3600144 GML3600930 GML5300235 GML5300495 GML3600149 GML3600931 GML5300236 GML5300496 GML3600153 GML3600932 GML5300237 GML5300497 GML3600159 GML3600933 GML5300238 GML5300498 GML3600161 GML3600937 GML5300239 GML5300499 GML3600162 GML3600938 GML5300242 GML5300500 GML3600163 GML3600940 GML5300246 GML5300501 GML3600164 GML3600942 GML5300248 GML5300502 GML3600165 GML3600943 GML5300249 GML5300503 GML3600166 GML3600944 GML5300251 GML5300504 GML3600167 GML3600945 GML5300256 GML5300505 GML3600169 GML3600946 GML5300257 GML5300508 GML3600170 GML3600950 GML5300258 GML5300509 GML3600176 GML3600951 GML5300259 GML5300510 GML3600179 GML3600952 GML5300260 GML5300511 GML3600181 GML3600953 GML5300262 GML5300512 GML3600184 GML3600954 GML5300263 GML5300513 GML3600191 GML3600955 GML5300264 GML5300514 GML3600196 GML3600956 GML5300266 GML5300515 GML3600197 GML3600958 GML5300267 GML5300516 GML3600221 GML3600959 GML5300268 GML5300517 GML3600222 GML3600960 GML5300269 GML5300518 GML3600223 GML3600961 GML5300270 GML5300519 GML3600224 GML3600962 GML5300271 GML5300520 GML3600225 GML3600963 GML5300272 GML5300521 GML3600226 GML3600964 GML5300273 GML5300522 GML3600227 GML3600966 GML5300275 GML5300523 GML3600228 GML3600967 GML5300276 GML5300524 GML3600232 GML3600969 GML5300277 GML5300525 GML3600233 GML3600972 GML5300278 GML5300526 GML3600235 GML3600973 GML5300279 GML5300527 GML3600237 GML3600974 GML5300280 GML5300528 GML3600241 GML3600975 GML5300281 GML5300529 GML3600242 GML3600977 GML5300282 GML5300530 GML3600243 GML3600978 GML5300283 GML5300531 GML3600252 GML3600980 GML5300284 GML5300532 GML3600253 GML3600983 GML5300285 GML5300533 GML3600254 GML3600987 GML5300286 GML5300534 GML3600255 GML3600989 GML5300287 GML5300535 GML3600260 GML3600990 GML5300288 GML5300536 GML3600263 GML3600993 GML5300290 GML5300537 GML3600265 GML3600997 GML5300291 GML5300538 GML3600269 GML3601000 GML5300293 GML5300539 GML3600283 GML3601001 GML5300294 GML5300540 GML3600296 GML3601002 GML5300295 GML5300541 GML3600311 GML3601005 GML5300296 GML5300542 GML3600312 GML3601006 GML5300333 GML5300543 GML3600314 GML3601008 GML5300334 GML5300544 GML3600316 GML3601016 GML5300336 GML5300546 GML3600318 GML3601018 GML5300346 GML5300547 GML3600326 GML3601019 GML5300347 GML5300548 GML3600332 GML3601023 GML5300348 GML5300549 GML3600333 GML3601024 GML5300351 GML5300550 GML3600335 GML3601025 GML5300352 GML5300551 GML3600340 GML3601026 GML5300365 GML5300552 GML3600342 GML3601027 GML5300366 GML5300553 GML3600346 GML3601028 GML5300369 GML5300554 GML3600358 GML3601033 GML5300370 GML5300555 GML3600361 GML3601039 GML5300371 GML5300556 GML3600365 GML3601046 GML5300373 GML5300564 GML3600366 GML3601047 GML5300375 GML5300566 GML3600378 GML3601048 GML5300376 GML5300567 GML3600379 GML3601049 GML5300377 GML5300582 GML3600380 GML3601050 GML5300378 GML5300586 GML3600387 GML3601051 GML5300379 GML5300590 GML3600400 GML3601059 GML5300380 GML5300603 GML3600403 GML3601060 GML5300381 GML5300606 GML3600409 GML3601061 GML5300382 GML5300607 GML3600411 GML3601063 GML5300383 GML5300608 GML3600413 GML3601064 GML5300384 GML5300609 GML3600417 GML3601065 GML5300386 GML5300610 GML3600418 GML3601066 GML5300388 GML5300611 GML3600421 GML3601067 GML5300389 GML5300612 GML3600422 GML3601068 GML5300390 GML5300613 GML3600423 GML3601075 GML5300391 GML5300614 GML3600425 GML3601082 GML5300392 GML5300615 GML3600429 GML3601086 GML5300393 GML5300616 GML3600430 GML3601087 GML5300394 GML5300617 GML3600431 GML3601089 GML5300395 GML5300618 GML3600432 GML3601090 GML5300396 GML5300619 GML3600433 GML3601093 GML5300397 GML5300620 GML3600436 GML3601095 GML5300398 GML5300621 GML3600441 GML5300080 GML5300399 GML5300622 GML3600442 GML5300083 GML5300400 GML5300623 GML3600444 GML5300086 GML5300401 GML5300624 GML3600445 GML5300087 GML5300402 GML5300625 GML3600469 GML5300089 GML5300403 GML5300626 GML3600472 GML5300091 GML5300406 GML5300628 GML3600473 GML5300094 GML5300407 GML5300630 GML3600477 GML5300095 GML5300408 GML5300631 GML3600481 GML5300096 GML5300409 GML5300632 GML3600494 GML5300097 GML5300410 GML5300633 GML3600495 GML5300099 GML5300411 GML5300634 GML3600496 GML5300100 GML5300412 GML5300637 GML3600497 GML5300101 GML5300414 GML5300639 GML3600498 GML5300102 GML5300415 GML5300640 GML3600499 GML5300103 GML5300416 GML5300641 GML3600501 GML5300105 GML5300417 GML5300642 GML3600502 GML5300106 GML5300418 GML5300643 GML3600503 GML5300107 GML5300419 GML5300644 GML3600506 GML5300109 GML5300421 GML5300645 GML3600507 GML5300111 GML5300422 GML5300646 GML3600513 GML5300112 GML5300423 GML5300647 GML3600514 GML5300113 GML5300424 GML5300648 GML3600516 GML5300114 GML5300425 GML5300649 GML3600517 GML5300119 GML5300426 GML5300650 GML3600523 GML5300120 GML5300427 GML5300651 GML3600524 GML5300122 GML5300428 GML5300652 GML3600526 GML5300123 GML5300431 GML5300653 GML3600531 GML5300124 GML5300432 GML5300654 GML3600535 GML5300130 GML5300436 GML5300655 GML3600536 GML5300132 GML5300437 GML5300656 GML3600540 GML5300136 GML5300438 GML5300657 GML3600541 GML5300137 GML5300439 GML5300658 GML3600542 GML5300138 GML5300440 GML5300660 GML3600545 GML5300139 GML5300441 GML5300662 GML3600546 GML5300145 GML5300442 GML5300663 GML3600547 GML5300147 GML5300443 GML5300664 GML3600548 GML5300150 GML5300444 GML5300665 GML3600549 GML5300153 GML5300446 GML5300666 GML3600550 GML5300154 GML5300447 GML5300667 GML3600551 GML5300155 GML5300448 GML5300668 GML3600556 GML5300157 GML5300449 GML5300673 GML3600557 GML5300161 GML5300450 GML5300674 GML3600561 GML5300163 GML5300451 GML5300675 GML3600565 GML5300164 GML5300452 GML5300676 GML3600569 GML5300165 GML5300453 GML5300677 GML3600570 GML5300169 GML5300454 GML5300678 GML3600571 GML5300170 GML5300455 GML5300679 GML3600576 GML5300174 GML5300456 GML5300681 GML3600577 GML5300175 GML5300457 GML5300682 GML3600581 GML5300178 GML5300458 GML5300684 GML3600589 GML5300182 GML5300459 GML5300685 GML3600630 GML5300187 GML5300460 GML5300689 GML3600631 GML5300188 GML5300461 GML5300753 GML3600644 GML5300190 GML5300465 GML5300754 GML3600660 GML5300191 GML5300468 GML5300897 GML3600674 GML5300192 GML5300469 GML5300898 GML3600677 GML5300193 GML5300470 GML5300899 GML3600693 GML5300194 GML5300471 GML5300900 GML3600702 GML5300197 GML5300472 GML5300901 GML3600704 GML5300198 GML5300474 GML5300902 GML3600708 GML5300199 GML5300475 GML5300903 GML3600715 GML5300202 GML5300476 GML5300904 GML3600717 GML5300203 GML5300477 GML5300905 GML3600730 GML5300204 GML5300478 GML5300906 GML3600735 GML5300209 GML5300479 GML5300907 GML3600738 GML5300210 GML5300480 GML5300908 GML3600740 GML5300212 GML5300481 GML5300909 GML3600751 GML5300213 GML5300482 GML5300910 GML3600798 GML5300215 GML5300483 GML5300911 GML3600860 GML5300218 GML5300484 GML3600863 GML5300219 GML5300485 GML3600870 GML5300223 GML5300486 GML3600871 GML5300225 GML5300487

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5302030 MC 5303477 MC 6900940 MC 5301036 MC 5302031 MC 5303478 MC 6900941 MC 5301037 MC 5302032 MC 5303479 MC 6900942 MC 5301038 MC 5302034 MC 5303480 MC 6900945 MC 5301039 MC 5302035 MC 5303481 MC 6900946 MC 5301041 MC 5302036 MC 5303482 MC 6900947 MC 5301042 MC 5302037 MC 5303483 MC 6900948 MC 5301043 MC 5302038 MC 5303484 MC 6900949 MC 5301044 MC 5302039 MC 5303485 MC 6900950 MC 5301045 MC 5302040 MC 5303541 MC 6900951 MC 5301046 MC 5302041 MC 5303542 MC 6900952 MC 5301047 MC 5302042 MC 5303543 MC 6900953 MC 5301048 MC 5302043 MC 5303544 MC 6900954 MC 5301049 MC 5302044 MC 5303545 MC 6900955 MC 5301050 MC 5302045 MC 5303546 MC 6900956 MC 5301051 MC 5302046 MC 5303547 MC 6900957 MC 5301052 MC 5302047 MC 5303548 MC 6900958 MC 5301053 MC 5302048 MC 5303550 MC 6900959 MC 5301054 MC 5302049 MC 5303551 MC 6900961 MC 5301055 MC 5302050 MC 5303552 MC 6900962 MC 5301056 MC 5302051 MC 5303553 MC 6900963 MC 5301057 MC 5302052 MC 5303554

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Other 17. The following rights and interests: (a) rights and interests held under grants from the Crown in right of the State or of the Commonwealth pursuant to statute or in the exercise of its executive power or otherwise conferred by statute; (b) rights and interests held by reason of the force and operation of the laws of the State or of the Commonwealth including the force and operation of the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) and the Aboriginal Communities Act 1979 (WA); (c) the right of a member of the public to use (subject to the laws of the State, in particular the Aboriginal Affairs Planning Authority Act 1972 (WA) and Regulations where applicable): (i) the following roads (being roads which are maintained by the Shire of Wiluna as at the date of this Determination and marked generally on the maps in Schedule 7 with a broken red line): (A) Carnegie-Glen Ayle Road; (B) Carnegie-Prenti Downs Road; (C) Carnegie Road; (D) Wiluna-Granite Peak Road; (E) Prenti Downs Road; (F) Prenti Downs-Warren Bore Road; (G) Sandstone-Wiluna Road; (H) Sydney Heads Road; (I) Wiluna North Road; and (J) Yeelirrie Road; (ii) the Canning Stock Route; and (iii) any road in the determination area over which, as at the date of this Determination, the public has a right of way according to the common law; (d) the right to access the Determination Area by: (i) an employee or agent or instrumentality of the State; (ii) an employee or agent or instrumentality of the Commonwealth; (iii) an employee or agent or instrumentality of any local government authority, as required in the performance of his or her statutory or common law duty where such access would be permitted to private land; and (e) so far as confirmed pursuant to s 14 of the Titles (Validation) and Native Title (Effect of Past Acts) Act 1995 (WA) as at the date of this determination, any existing public access to and enjoyment of: (i) waterways; (ii) beds and banks or foreshores of waterways; (iii) stock routes; or (iv) areas that were public places at the end of 31 December 1993.

[96]

[Referred to in Order 12] 1. BACKGROUND The Determination recognises the native title rights and interests of the Native Title Holders within the Determination Area. Those rights and interests are held on trust by the Wiluna PBC. The Determination also identifies a number of Pastoral Leases within the Determination Area. Individual Pastoralists hold and exercise rights in accordance with the terms of their respective Pastoral Leases. The Determination recognises that the rights of the Native Title Holders co-exist with the rights of the individual Pastoralists. This document provides agreed principles by which both the Native Title Holders and Pastoralists will exercise their co-existing rights and interests harmoniously and in accordance with the Determination on those parts of the Pastoral Lease which are part of the Determination Area. 2. DISCUSSION AND NOTICE The Pastoralist and the Native Title Holders may discuss matters relating to the exercise of their co-existing rights in a cooperative and consultative manner and will use their respective best endeavours to notify each other of certain upcoming matters. 2.1 The Pastoralist and the Wiluna PBC and/or Native Title Holders may discuss from time to time any matter including (but not limited to): (a) safety issues; (b) the efficient undertaking of Pastoral Activity; (c) relevant business of the Pastoralist; (d) places to be avoided temporarily due to Pastoral Activities such as mustering or trapping; (e) heritage, cultural and law business issues; and (f) issues related to compliance with any Law, including, but not limited to discussions about: (i) camping on the Pastoral Lease; (ii) use of Pastoral Lease roads and tracks, including closure; (iii) the lighting and extinguishment of fires; (iv) consumption of alcohol; (v) control of animals; (vi) the use of fire arms; (vii) soil or other environmental conservation matters (including but not limited to feral animal control); and (viii) heritage issues including the interference with sites or areas of cultural significance. 2.2 The Pastoralist and Wiluna PBC or Native Title Holders will use best endeavours to: (a) in the case of the Wiluna PBC / Native Title Holders, provide 48 hours notice to the Pastoralist of the intention to access the Pastoral Lease for the purpose of exercising native title rights and interests; and (b) in the case of the Pastoralist, provide reasonable notice of significant Inconsistent Events that are proposed on the Pastoral Lease. 3. WASTE AND RUBBISH The Native Title Holders acknowledge that the Pastoral Lease should be kept free of waste and rubbish. 3.1 The Wiluna PBC shall use its best endeavours to ensure that the Native Title Holders when accessing the Pastoral Lease: (a) bury all human waste in a suitable manner; and (b) do not leave any rubbish on the Pastoral Lease, especially rubbish near water sources when accessing the Pastoral Lease. 4. STATION FACILITIES The Native Title Holders acknowledge that the Pastoralist is entitled to conduct Pastoral Activities without interference. 4.1 The Wiluna PBC shall use its best endeavours to ensure that the Native Title Holders when accessing the Pastoral Lease do not: (a) use or interfere with Pastoral Lease facilities including buildings, vehicles, fences, plant and equipment, stockyards, dams and watering points and other Pastoral Improvements; or (b) interfere with stock. 5. VISITS TO HOMESTEAD The Native Title Holders acknowledge that the Pastoralist is entitled to retain privacy while at their homestead. 5.1 The Wiluna PBC shall use its best endeavours to ensure that the Native Title Holders when accessing the Pastoral Lease only call at the homestead between the hours of 6am and 6pm, except in the case of an emergency or as otherwise agreed. 6. CAMPING AND ACCESS The Pastoralist acknowledges that the Native Title Holders are entitled to camp on and access the Pastoral Lease. The Native Title Holders acknowledge that the Pastoralist is entitled to conduct Pastoral Activities without interruption. 6.1 The Wiluna PBC shall use its best endeavours to ensure that the Native Title Holders, when accessing the Pastoral Lease: (a) camp: (i) at least 500 meters away from airstrips; (ii) at least two kilometres away from any man-made watering points (including windmills, bores and dams) except where such camping occurs at an agreed Site of Significance; (iii) at least 5km away from the homestead, any freehold areas, stockyards (when in use) and other buildings located on the Pastoral Lease; and (iv) away from station access roads; (b) do not access Pastoralist Improvements except watering points, which shall only be accessed for the purpose of obtaining water subject to: (i) Native Title Holders driving at 5km/h in the vicinity of watering points to not unduly disturb watering stock; (ii) watering points being left as they were found; and (iii) no picnicking, loitering or unnecessary noise or activity within 2 kilometres of a watering point, except where it occurs at an agreed Site of Significance; (c) take away all waste, litter or rubbish brought with them; (d) erect only temporary dwellings or other structures and dismantle them when they leave, unless otherwise agreed between the Pastoralist and a Native Title Holder; and (e) do not access man-made watering points that are being used by stock. 7. HUNTING The Pastoralist acknowledges that the Native Title Holders are entitled to hunt on the land. The Native Title Holders acknowledge the need to practice hunting in a way that does not create a safety risk. 7.1 The Wiluna PBC shall use its best endeavours to ensure that the Native Title Holders when accessing the Pastoral Lease: (a) do not hunt or gather within two kilometres of any improvements; (b) do not use any high calibre or high powered firearms; (c) use firearms only if a licensed firearm holder and in accordance with the Firearms Act 1973 (WA); and (d) only hunt in a manner that does not present a risk to other persons or their property, including any employees or invitees of the Pastoralist or stock. 8. DOGS AND DOG BAITING The Native Title Holders acknowledge that dogs can be detrimental to Pastoral Activities and that regular baiting happens on the Pastoral Lease, which puts dogs at risk. The Pastoralist acknowledges that dogs are an integral part of Native Title Holders lives. 8.1 The Wiluna PBC shall use its best endeavours to ensure that the Native Title Holders when accessing the Pastoral Lease restrain and control any dogs brought onto the Pastoral Lease. 8.2 The Pastoralist shall use their best endeavours to advise the Wiluna PBC and/or any Native Title Holders of the locations of any dog baiting programs that the Pastoralist is undertaking on the Pastoral Lease in an area where the Pastoralist has received prior written notice of a visit. 8.3 The Native Title Holders will not bring dogs onto the Pastoral Lease when agreed in accordance with clause 2. Native Title Holders acknowledge that they bring dogs onto the station at their own risk. 9. STATION TRACKS AND ROADS The Pastoralist acknowledges that the Native Title Holders can access and use the Pastoral Lease roads and tracks unless there are reasons why these roads and tracks may be inaccessible for various reasons. 9.1 The Pastoralist shall not unreasonably restrict the use of Pastoral Lease roads and tracks by the Native Title Holders. 9.2 The Wiluna PBC shall use its best endeavours to ensure that the Native Title Holders when accessing the Pastoral Lease: (a) use vehicles on existing Pastoral Lease roads, tracks and public roads when ever possible; (b) when exercising their native title rights in an area not serviced by existing Pastoral Lease roads, tracks and public roads, use the shortest reasonable route from the station track or road to the relevant location; and (c) do not travel on roads (including public roads) or tracks on the Pastoral Lease which are declared by State authorities to be closed to traffic due to wet or adverse weather conditions or when agreed in accordance with clause 2, except: (i) in the case of an emergency; or (ii) where the Native Title Holders are on the Pastoral Lease prior to the roads or tracks being closed and need to return to their homes before the road closure has been lifted, in which case the Native Title Holders shall take all appropriate precautions to avoid damage to such roads or tracks and other affected land. 10. GATES The Pastoralist acknowledges that the Native Title Holders have a right to access the Pastoral Lease through pastoral gates. The Native Title Holders acknowledge that sometimes pastoral gates may need to be closed in which case alternative arrangements shall be made for access. 10.1 The Wiluna PBC shall use its best endeavours to ensure that the Native Title Holders when accessing the Pastoral Lease leave gates as they are found, that is, open if they are found open and closed if they are found closed. 10.2 The Pastoralist shall leave gates unlocked unless the Pastoralist considers it reasonably necessary to lock particular gates: (a) to ensure proper stock management; (b) to control public access; or (c) for other reasons as are reasonable for the carrying on of Pastoral Activity. 10.3 If the Pastoralist locks particular gates, then the Pastoralist shall advise the Wiluna PBC which gates have been locked and what arrangements can be put in place to enable the Native Title Holders to continue to have access to those locked areas. 11. FIRES The Native Title Holders acknowledge that fire can have a detrimental affect on a Pastoral Lease. 11.1 The Wiluna PBC shall use its best endeavours to ensure that the Native Title Holders when accessing the Pastoral Lease shall: (a) ensure that their use of fire is restricted to campfires, cooking fires and fires for ritual and ceremonial purposes, which shall be controlled at all times; (b) obey any temporary fire bans that are in place; (c) use fire in accordance with the Bush Fires Act 1954 (WA), associated Regulations and other relevant Laws of Western Australia; and (d) not in any circumstances light wildfires (burn-offs). 12. PRIVACY 12.1 Each of the Pastoralist and the Native Title Holders shall at all times respect the privacy of the other. 13. COMMON LAW HOLDERS' RITUALS AND CEREMONIES The Pastoralist acknowledges that the Native Title Holders are entitled to conduct ceremonial, ritual and law business activities on the Pastoral Lease and shall not interfere with these activities. 13.1 The Pastoralist shall not intentionally interfere with the ceremonial, ritual or law business activities of the Native Title Holders. 13.2 Where the Wiluna PBC, or a Native Title Holder, has informed the Pastoralist, in accordance with clause 2, the undertaking of a ritual or ceremony or otherwise appear to be conducting a ritual or ceremony on the Pastoral Lease, the Pastoralist shall only engage with the Native Title Holders in order to deal with immediate and significant issues such as: (a) threats to persons or property; (b) actual injury to or death of persons; or (c) damage to property, unless otherwise invited by a Native Title Holder. 14. INTERPRETATION 14.1 In this Document, unless the contrary intention appears, the following words and phrases have following meanings: "Determination" means the determination of native title made by McKerracher J in the Federal Court of Australia on 29 July 2013 in the matter of WAD 6164 of 1998, W.F. (Deceased) & Ors v the State of Western Australia & Ors; "Determination Area" means the area of land and waters the subject of the Determination; "Inconsistent Event" is: (a) a Pastoral Activity limited in area and duration; or (b) a natural event, which by its nature is inconsistent with Native Title Holders accessing an area of land within the Pastoral Lease to exercise their native title rights and interests where the Pastoral Activity is being undertaken, or the natural event has occurred, and includes (but is not limited to): (c) areas where mustering is being carried out; (d) areas being used as a temporary stock yard; (e) a paddock which has been prepared for sowing or where a crop is growing; or (f) areas where weather or other factors make the proposed entry unsafe or potentially hazardous; "Native Title Holders" means the persons described in Schedule 2 of the Determination; "Pastoral Activity" means an activity or activities that the Pastoralist is permitted to undertake within the Pastoral Lease in accordance with the terms of the Pastoral Lease and the Land Administration Act 1997 (WA), including to: (a) use, enjoy and develop the Pastoral Lease for purposes consistent with the terms of the Pastoral Lease; (b) use the Pastoral Lease for the domestic and recreational purposes of the Pastoralist; and (c) authorise others to enter and use the land and waters of the Pastoral Lease for purposes consistent with (a) above. "Pastoral Lease" means the parts of each of the following pastoral stations that are in the Determination Area: (a) Paroo Station, described in Crown Lease 15/1980 in relation to all of the parcels of land that is Thadoona Location 4, Kyarra Location 105 and Nabberu Location 38; (b) Granite Peak Station, described in Crown Lease 332/1966 in relation to the parcel of land that is Hann Location 7 and Nabberu Location 26; (c) Millrose Station, described in Crown Lease 183/1973 in relation to the parcel of land that is Nabberu Location 30; (d) Cunyu Station, described in Crown Lease 180/1972 in relation to the parcel of land that is Hann Location 9 and Nabberu Location 28; (e) Wongawol Station, described in Crown Lease 261/1993 in relation to all of the parcels of land that is Hann Location 10, Wells Location 4, Yelina Location 1 and Nabberu Location 29; (f) Niminga Station, described in Crown Lease 240/1973 in relation to the parcel of land that is Wells Location 2; (g) Carnegie Station, described in Crown Lease 59/1974 in relation to the parcel of land that is Wells Location 7; (h) Prenti Downs Station, described in Crown Lease 239/1973 in relation to the parcel of land that is Yelina Location 4 and Wells Location 5; (i) Yelma Station, described in Crown Lease 224/1973 in relation to the parcel of land that is Nabberu Location 35 and Yelina Location 3; "Pastoralist" means, in relation to each Pastoral Lease the registered lessee of that Pastoral Lease; "Prescribed Body Corporate" means a corporation whose name and address are registered on the National Native Title Register as a prescribed body corporate under section 193(2)(d)(iii) of the Native Title Act; "Site of Significance" means a particular place that would be defined as a site under the provisions of the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA) or equivalent Commonwealth legislation, of importance to the Native Title Holders according to Aboriginal custom and tradition; and "Wiluna PBC" means the Prescribed Body Corporate for the Determination.

At a glance

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Decision date

Before

Source

Judgment (101 paragraphs)

Parties

Legislation Cited (19)

Cases Cited (7)