SZRWA v Minister for Immigration, Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship

the decision OF THE TRIBUNAL 10 The Tribunal noted that the appellant provided no evidence in support of his claim to have written newspaper articles in India. The Tribunal also noted "significant gaps" in the central aspects of his claim to fear harm in India, including a failure to provide any detail regarding what he had written in the newspaper articles to attract the enmity of the BJP, VHP and others and why the articles were materially different from the other newspaper articles freely circulating in India which, according to country information, reflected a wide range of views and political opinion. The Tribunal noted that the appellant was also unable to explain his reason for delaying his departure to Australia for nearly three months after he obtained his Australian visa. 11 The Tribunal was not satisfied that the appellant had a well-founded fear of persecution for a Convention reason if he returned to India now or in the foreseeable future. The Tribunal was also not satisfied that the appellant met the criteria for complementary protection under s 36(2)(aa) of the Act.

The DECISION OF THE COURT BELOW 12 The appellant filed an amended application for judicial review of the Tribunal's decision in the Federal Circuit Court on 3 December 2012. It relied on the following three grounds: 1. The Tribunal made a jurisdictional error that the Tribunal rejected the applicant's claim on the basis of the applicant's account in his protection visa application and the Departmental interview, contains significant gaps about the central aspects of his claims to fear harm in India. The Tribunal did not provide the applicant the significant gaps in writting(sic) for written explanation. The Tribunal also did not ask any written information about the three months delay. 2. The Tribunal made procedural mistakes that the Tribunal did not given any letter to the applicant to give answer for that the material does not provide a sufficient basis on which I can be satisfied there is a real chance the Applicant would suffer serious harm from political leaders of the BJP, the VHP, Ahmadiyyas, Hindu groups or anybody else of his political opinion or his religion. The applicant claims that the Tribunal could have sent a letter to the applicant about its concern because the applicant thought that he produced all his information to the Department and he gave interview to the Department so he will get his protection visa. He also thought that for any further information he will get letter to provide. If he does not go for interview that should not be treated as negative for making decision on the applicant's review application. The Tribunal made mistakes in this regard. 3. The Tribunal made a jurisdictional error that the Tribunal did not assess the information was before it for the review purpose. The Tribunal did not call the applicant which was possible for the Tribunal to get information for not coming to the hearing. The Tribunal did not send any letter to the applicant about its concern. The Tribunal did not investigate the applicant's claim. The Tribunal did not extend the time for hearing. The Tribunal did not sent the applicant adverse information for its rejection of the review application. The Tribunal was not reasonable in its review process. 13 The appellant stated to the Court that he did not attend the hearing before the Tribunal because he was sick for 45 days and was ultimately hospitalised. He claimed that he did not see the letter from the Tribunal and that he was not provided with a letter containing the decision record. 14 His Honour noted that the appellant provided no evidence in support of his contentions. The appellant confirmed that he lived at the same address as on the Department record and that he had received previous correspondence inviting him to the hearing. The judge below found that the appellant's complaint of non-receipt of correspondence from the Tribunal was inconsistent with these claims and found that the appellant was aware of the rescheduled hearing date but chose not to attend. In those circumstances, his Honour was satisfied that the appellant had received the Tribunal's notification of a hearing date and that he took no steps to inform the Tribunal of his inability to attend the hearing. To the extent that he failed to attend the hearing, the judge below found that the appellant cannot now complain that other facts were not taken into account. Accordingly, the application was dismissed.

the appeal 15 The appellant appealed to this Court from the decision of the Federal Circuit Court on 24 May 2013. The Notice of Appeal contains three grounds: 1. The Honorable Federal Magistrate erred in not considering that the Refugee Review Tribunal (the Tribunal) has an obligation to send a letter under part 7 of the Migration Act 1958 (the Act) that the applicant understand the adverse information and get time to address that information which are reason or part of the reason to reject his application for review. The applicant's failure to attend the Tribunal cannot be the reason to reject his genuine claim for protection. The Tribunal acted in a way that the applicant did not appear before the Tribunal so his legal rights are seized and his application would be rejected the Court did not consider it. Particulars: The Tribunal also considered it to be significant that the applicant had not explained why he delayed his departure for nearly three (3) months after he obtained his Australian visa on 2 September 2011 (paragraph 16 of Court decision). It found that on the basis of the information before it, the Tribunal was not satisfied that, as a necessary and foreseeable consequence of his being removed from Australia to India, there would be a real risk that the applicant would suffer significant harm for the purpose of s.36(2)(aa) of the Migration Act (paragraph 16 of Court decision). 2. The Honourable Federal Magistrate erred in not finding that the Tribunal made procedural mistakes that the Tribunal failed to communicate information with the applicant and the Court did not address that the Tribunal did not send the applicant any letter or did not investigate his claim. The Tribunal also did not provide any letter for its decision to the applicant. The Tribunal wrongly rejected the applicant's review application. There is not proof before the Tribunal that they had given the letter to the applicant. The applicant also did not understand why his application was rejected by the Tribunal where the Tribunal did not comply with its own obligation. 3. The Honourable Federal Magistrate did not consider that the Tribunal did not follow the rule of the Part 7 of the Act. The Tribunal did not extend the time. The Tribunal did not investigate his claim. The Tribunal did not send him any adverse information before reject his claim. The Tribunal did not send him any letter with decision. The rejected the claim because the review applicant did not appear before the Tribunal. The Court did not consider these issues.

Consideration 16 The Court below was correct to find that there was no obligation on the Tribunal to notify the appellant of perceived gaps or inconsistencies in his evidence; VAF v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 206 ALR 471 at [24] per Finn and Stone JJ. 17 His Honour rightly found that the Tribunal did not draw any adverse inference from the appellant's decision not to attend the rescheduled hearing. His Honour was also correct in finding that the Tribunal was under no obligation to "investigate" or make its own inquiries about the appellant's claims over and above what was provided to it, applying Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZIAI (2009) 259 ALR 429. As the Court below observed, the duty of the Tribunal is a duty to review. There may be circumstances where failure to make an obvious inquiry about a critical fact could constitute a failure to review giving rise to jurisdictional error but this is not such a case. 18 The Court below correctly found that the Tribunal was entitled to make a decision without providing the appellant with a further opportunity to appear before it pursuant to s 426A(1) of the Act. 19 As his Honour found, the appellant's claimed non-receipt of the decision was inconsistent with his previous receipt of correspondence inviting him to attend the original and rescheduled hearings. 20 The appellant provided the Court with written submissions in support of his appeal. He did not provide those submissions to the respondent Minister until this morning. Those submissions failed to identify any appealable error in the reasons of the Court below or any jurisdictional error in the reasons of the Tribunal. Nothing was advanced orally by the appellant this morning to improve his position in this regard. For the above reasons, the appeal should be dismissed with costs. I certify that the preceding twenty (20) numbered paragraphs are a true copy of the Reasons for Judgment herein of the Honourable Justice Marshall.