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[2005] HCA 36
High Court of Australia
2005-08-04
Gleeson CJ, Heydon JJ
Original judgment source is linked above.
The applicant relied on the "right of option" mentioned in the Draft Articles (Arts 16 and 24). However, this right does not apply to the applicant in its terms and customary international law does not appear to support the automatic conferral of such a right on persons affected by state succession: Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law, 6th ed (2003) at 628-630. ↑
Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, Resolution 51/160, 16 December 1996, par [8]. The Convention on Nationality between Chile and other countries of Latin America, relied on by the applicant, permitting an election by persons affected by succession of states is a deviation from the general principle observed in customary international law: Weis, Nationality and Statelessness in International Law, 2nd ed (rev) (1979) at 148-149. ↑
United States doctrine differentiates the application of the Bill of Rights to "unincorporated" territories: Dorr v United States 195 US 138 at 148-149 (1904); Downes v Bidwell 182 US 244 at 289 (1901); Balzac v Porto Rico 258 US 298 at 312-313 (1922). ↑
Rabang v Immigration and Naturalization Service 35 F 3d 1449 (9th Cir, 1994), Cert denied Sanidad v Immigration and Naturalization Service 515 US 1130 (1995). ↑
Organic Act of Porto Rico (1917) (US) c 145, 39 Stat 951; 48 USC 731, referred to in Balzac 258 US 298 at 306-308 (1922). ↑
See eg Aden, Perim and Kuria Muria Islands Act 1967 (UK), s 2(1) and Sched; Bahamas Independence Act 1973 (UK), s 2; Barbados Independence Act 1966 (UK), s 2; Botswana Independence Act 1966 (UK), s 3; Cyprus Act 1960 (UK), s 4 and British Nationality (Cyprus) Order 1960 [No 2215]; Fiji Independence Act 1970 (UK), s 2; Gambia Independence Act 1964 (UK), s 2; Ghana Independence Act 1957 (UK), s 2; Guyana Independence Act 1966 (UK), s 2; Jamaica Independence Act 1962 (UK), s 2; Kenya Independence Act 1963 (UK), s 2; Lesotho Independence Act 1966 (UK), s 3; Malawi Independence Act 1964 (UK), s 2; Malaysia Act 1963 (UK), s 2; Malta Independence Act 1964 (UK), s 2; Mauritius Independence Act 1968 (UK), s 2; Nigeria Independence Act 1960 (UK), s 2; Seychelles Act 1976 (UK), s 3; Sierra Leone Independence Act 1961 (UK), s 2; Swaziland Independence Act 1968 (UK), s 3; Tanganyika Independence Act 1961 (UK), s 2; Trinidad and Tobago Independence Act 1962 (UK), s 2; Uganda Independence Act 1962 (UK), s 2; West Indies Act 1967 (UK), s 12 and Sched 3; Zambia Independence Act 1964 (UK), s 3; Zanzibar Act 1963 (UK), s 2. See also Bangladesh Citizenship (Temporary Provisions) Order 1972 (Bangl), par 2. ↑
Roper v Simmons 161 L Ed 2d 1 at 27 (2005) per Kennedy J for the United States Supreme Court. ↑
See issues 2(b) and 3, above these reasons at [57]. ↑
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