'Unsatisfactory professional conduct'
9'Unsatisfactory professional conduct' is defined by s 19 of the BP Act as follows:
unsatisfactory professional conduct of an accredited certifier means any of the following (whether consisting of an act or omission):
(a) conduct occurring in connection with the exercise of the accredited certifier's functions as a certifying authority that falls short of the standard of competence, diligence and integrity that a member of the public is entitled to expect of a reasonably competent accredited certifier,
(b) a contravention of this Act, the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, the Strata Schemes (Freehold Development) Act 1973 or the Strata Schemes (Leasehold Development) Act 1986, or the regulations under any of those Acts, by the accredited certifier, whether or not the accredited certifier is prosecuted or convicted for the contravention,
(c) a contravention by the accredited certifier of a law (whether or not a New South Wales law, and whether or not the contravention is an offence) that relates to the functions or obligations of a person as an accredited certifier or the holder of an equivalent authorisation, or involves fraud or dishonesty, whether or not the accredited certifier is prosecuted or convicted for the contravention,
(d) a failure to comply with a statutory or other duty, or a contractual obligation, imposed on the accredited certifier by or in accordance with a law (whether or not a New South Wales law) that relates to the functions or obligations of a person as an accredited certifier or the holder of an equivalent authorisation,
(e) the exercise by the accredited certifier of functions as a certifying authority in a partial manner,
(f) the wilful disregard by the accredited certifier of matters to which the accredited certifier is required to have regard in exercising functions as a certifying authority,
(g) a failure by the accredited certifier to comply with any relevant code of conduct contained in the accreditation scheme,
(h) a failure by the accredited certifier to comply with a term or condition of the certificate of accreditation,
(i) a failure by an accredited certifier to comply with an order of the Board or the Tribunal under this Act,
(j) a failure by the accredited certifier, without reasonable excuse, to comply with a direction or requirement under Part 5,
(k) wilfully misleading or obstructing the Board in the exercise of any function under this Part or Part 4 or 5,
(l) any other improper or unethical conduct of the accredited certifier that indicates that the accredited certifier is unfit to properly carry out the duties of an accredited certifier,
(m) any conduct specified by a provision of this Act as being capable of being unsatisfactory professional conduct or professional misconduct or any other conduct prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this definition.
10As we have commented elsewhere recently, it is we think less than fair to accredited certifiers to have a general finding of unsatisfactory professional conduct entered without specifying the categories among the above into which it is seen as fitting. We will approach this case on the basis that it is the primary category, category (a), into which Mr McGufficke's conduct is said to fall, plus in the case of Allegation 1 category (g).
11Mr McGufficke's first argument in reply does not turn on the detail of the allegations and the Board's response.
12The submission focusses on the terms of category (a) in the definition of unsatisfactory professional conduct.
13The submission notes that category (a) states that unsatisfactory professional conduct occurs if in the exercise of his or her functions the accredited certifier 'falls short of the standard of competence, diligence and integrity that a member of the public is entitled to expect of a reasonably competent accredited certifier'. The argument is that the Board must satisfy itself that the conduct found to be in error breaches the standard of 'competence, diligence and integrity' in each respect. Here, it is submitted, the errors went to competence and diligence, but there was no finding of lack of integrity. Therefore, it is contended that there can be no finding in terms of category (a). That being the case all allegations fail, perhaps with the limited exception of the element of allegation 1 that relies on breach of provisions of the Code of Conduct.
14In our view, and with respect, this is a far-fetched submission. The standard simply refers to the three usual components of formulations of this kind. It is not necessary in a case where category (a) is under consideration for each of the three components of the standard to be the subject of separate evidence and separate adverse findings, before a global finding can be made. A certifier might be a person of integrity in the sense that there is nothing about the conduct that was dishonest, corrupt or serving some personal interest in conflict with that of the client or the community. Nevertheless, he or she may have displayed a lack of competence or a lack of diligence.
15It would defeat the purposes of the statutory scheme if this mechanical interpretation were to be adopted. Clearly, the expression is meant to be a compendious or collective one, and it is enough that there be a failure to reach an acceptable standard in relation to one of the components for a global finding to be made. Consistently with this view, therefore, the word 'and' should be read as 'or'. As Malcolm CJ noted in Re Peat Resources of Australia Pty Ltd; ex p Pollock [2004] WASCA 122 at [23] 'the purposive approach to interpretation of a statute includes reading 'and' for 'or' or vice versa if the purpose of the legislation suggests such an interpretation'. See generally, Pearce & Geddes, Statutory Interpretation in Australia (6th ed. 2006) [2.25]-[2.27].
16We will now turn in more detail to outline the nature of the development, and the detail of the Allegations and the findings.
17Nature of Development. On 9 February 2010 (later modified on 17 August 2010) Wingecarribee Shire Council granted development consent for a development described as 'Equine Agistment Facility.' The consent had 32 conditions. There were 12 'general' conditions, 7 'environmental management' conditions, 4 'civil engineering works and services' conditions, 5 'building requirements' conditions, and 1 condition headed 'government agencies'. The 'government agencies' condition was highly detailed, with 26 paragraphs referring to eight subject areas where adherence was required to the Sydney Catchment Authority's regional environmental plan.
18The construction certificate issued by Mr McGufficke described the development as an 'equine facility including horse stables, training and maintenance facilities, farm sheds and garage'. It gave an estimated value of the works as $5.4m.
19The Tribunal was shown a number of photographs. They depicted a major structure, its primary features being a double storey building at the front to which were connected a wing on either side at a right angle to each other. Each wing contained a number of stable boxes set either side of a walkway, and associated facilities such as hosing down stalls, vet rooms and equipment areas. The complex also included some external structures, and a garage.
20In its submissions the Board described this building, the main building, as a multi-use building with the following elements: office (x4), reception, tea room, staff room, trainers lounge, office/lunch room, WC (x6), staff shower and wash basin area, bedding store room, hyperbaric chamber area, vet, spa (equine), rug store/tack store (x2), dry tack store, bedding (room), bin store, bedding store, wash bay (x4), feed mix and store (x2), tack (room), tie up (stall) (x6), store (room), horse box (x24). The other buildings on the property were: hay and feed store/paddock feed, machinery store, garage, workshop/farm store/secure store, arrivals barn/arrivals yard. The complex also included an equestrian centre, a salt water training centre and an arena.
21We will deal with Allegations 1 and 2 together.
Allegation 1
Mr McGufficke determined construction certificate no. 10-370, dated 28 July 2010, for a new purpose-built equine agistment facility. The building included provision for a hyperbaric chamber, spa, staff amenities, reception, feed store, board room, offices, trainer's lounge and wash bays. Mr McGufficke noted on the certificate an incorrect building classification of class 10a in lieu of classes 5 and 7b. In so doing, Mr McGufficke failed to properly consider the requirements of s 109F(1)(a) of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act (EPA Act) and clauses 145(1)(b) and 147(1)(f) of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000 (EPA Reg).
In failing to properly consider the classification of the building, Mr McGufficke's actions fell short of the standard of competence, diligence and integrity that a member of the public is entitled to expect of a reasonably competent accredited certifier and breached requirements 1 and 5 of the Building Professionals Code of Conduct for Accredited Certifiers.
The provisions mentioned above state:
EPA Act, s 109F Restriction on issue of construction certificates
(1) A construction certificate must not be issued with respect to the plans and specifications for any building work or subdivision work unless:
(a) the requirements of the regulations referred to in section 81A (5) have been complied with, and
Reg 145(1)(b) provides:
EPA Reg, cl 145 Compliance with development consent and Building Code of Australia
(cf clause 79G of EP&A Regulation 1994)
(1) A certifying authority must not issue a construction certificate for building work unless:
(b) the proposed building (not being a temporary building) will comply with the relevant requirements of the Building Code of Australia (as in force at the time the application for the construction certificate was made).
EPA Reg, cl 147 Form of construction certificate
(1) A construction certificate must contain the following:
(f) the classification (in accordance with the Building Code of Australia) of the building to which the certificate relates.
Code of Conduct, cl 1 (Building Professionals Board, Code of Conduct: a guide (2006, rev. 2007))
Code of Conduct, cl 1
An accredited certifier shall carry out his or her functions and duties, and exercise any discretionary powers, in a way that promote or preserve the public interest.
Code of Conduct, cl 5
An accredited certifier shall exercise reasonable care and attention in carrying out his or her duties, and in the exercise of his or her powers.
Allegation 2
Mr McGufficke issued a final occupation certificate dated 20 February 2012 for a building that was not suitable for occupation or use in accordance with its classification under the Building Code of Australia. The building did not comply with the requirements for a class 5 and 7b building pursuant to the Building Code of Australia. Mr McGufficke has breached section 109H(5)(c) of the EPA Act.
Mr McGufficke's conduct as an accredited certifier fell short of the standard of competence, diligence and integrity that a member of the public is entitled to expect of a reasonably competent accredited certifier.
The Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EPA Act), s 109H(5)(c) provides:
109H Restrictions on issue of occupation certificates
(5) A final occupation certificate must not be issued to authorise a person to commence occupation or use of a new building unless:
(c) the building is suitable for occupation or use in accordance with its classification under the Building Code of Australia, and