Ding v Sanli Design & Construction Pty Ltd - [2021] NSWCATCD 115 - NSWCATCD 2021 case summary — Zoe

NSWNSWCATCD

Ding v Sanli Design & Construction Pty Ltd

[2021] NSWCATCD 115

NCAT Consumer and Commercial|2021-12-08

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Source facts

Court

NCAT Consumer and Commercial

Decision date

2021-12-08

Source

Original judgment source is linked above.

Judgment (29 paragraphs)

[1]

Outline

These proceedings, commenced on 12 April 2021, involve allegations of defective work made by owners against a builder. It is convenient to here note that there was a related application (HB 21/16050) that was heard at the same time as these proceedings and is the subject of separate orders and reasons. That related application was a renewal application, arising from earlier proceedings (HB 20/14622) which were the subject of orders made on 22 September 2020.
The issues raised by this application may be summarised as (1) whether the matters now raised have been raised in those earlier proceedings, (2) if not, whether there has been defective work by the builder, (3) if so, should a work order or money order be made.
By way of summary, the Tribunal's decision on those matters is as follows: (1) there were matters now raised that either were raised in the earlier proceedings or could and should have been raised in those proceedings, (2) in relation to the remaining items, there was defective work, and (3) as to those items, a work order should be made.

[2]

History of these proceedings

After the initial directions hearing of the renewal application on 4 May 2021, the owners were directed to file and served Points of Claim, which they did. They subsequently sought and obtained leave to file amended Points of Claim (which was done on 30 July 2021) and, following a second directions hearing on 26 August 2021, a notice was issued on 30 September 2021 to advise the parties of the hearing dates.

[3]

Hearing

At the hearing, a Joint Tender Bundle, comprising pages numbered 1-466, became Exhibit A. Documents related to the stormwater issue were added, during the hearing, as pages 466-481. Those documents were (1) a joint report from Mr Nguyen (for the owners) and Mr Ghobrial (for the builder), (2) a costing prepared by Mr Nguyen, and (3) a costing prepared by Mr Ghobrial. The owners' opening submissions and chronology were marked for identification as MFI 1 and MFI 2 respectively.
On the first day of the hearing, the builder's Mr Wei was cross-examined as was the owners' expert, Mr Xue, and one of the owners, Ms Ding. The second hearing day began with cross-examination of two experts, Mr Nguyen for the owners and Mr Ghobrial for the builder, dealing with the stormwater issues. That was followed by oral closing submissions from the owners' solicitor, Mr Birch, and Ms Wei, who is the daughter of the builder's principal, which dealt with the issues raised by the renewal application and the issues raised by this application, except for the stormwater issue.
The joint report only became available shortly prior to the commencement of the hearing. As a result of that joint report, the owners' solicitor sought to rely on a costing prepared by Mr Nguyen which increased the amount claimed for rectification of the stormwater issue from $48,484 to $75,051 (both figures exclusive of GST).
That created a difficult situation. To not permit the owners to rely on that costing would leave the proceedings to be determined by reference to a costing which has been superseded by the joint report. On the other hand, to permit the owners to rely on that costing would not only provide the builder with sufficient time to be ready to challenge that costing but also leave no time for the builder to provide a costing in response.
After ascertaining how long it would take the builder, who did not have legal representation, to be ready to deal with Mr Nguyen's revised costing and for Mr Ghobrial to prepare a costing in response, additional hearing time was added just under a week later. On that third hearing day an opportunity was provided for both Mr Nguyen and Mr Ghobrial to be questioned in relation to their costings after which oral submissions were made on the stormwater issue.
It is be noted that (1) the owners had legal representation while the builder did not, and (2) the first language of the builder's principal (Mr Wei) was not English which is why his daughter (Ms Wei) was permitted to represent the builder.

[5]

Relevant law

Courts and Tribunals take the view that the same issue cannot be raised more than once otherwise litigation would never be finalised. In everyday language, that principle could be summarised by saying 'you cannot have two bites of a cherry'. There are four ways in which this principle can be said to operate.
First, The Latin phrase res judicata is a term used to indicate that a claim has already been decided by another court (or Tribunal) and between the same parties. It arises from a prior decision made by a court or Tribunal. Secondly, estoppel is a rule which prohibits a person from contradicting what was determined in earlier proceedings. It arises from the conduct of the parties.
Thirdly, the term issue estoppel goes beyond the outcome as it is used to indicate that a party is prevented from revisiting an issue that has been decided in earlier proceedings. The fourth concept is usually referred to as Anshun estoppel, because the authoritative decision on that point is that of the High Court in Port of Melbourne Authority v Anshun Pty Ltd [1981] HCA 45 (Anshun), which provides a barrier to raising in subsequent proceedings a matter that could and should have been raised in earlier proceedings.
Anshun has been applied by the Tribunal such as in the case of Tonkin v Riverwalk Realty Pty Ltd [2020] NSWCATAP 260 at 26 where it was said: In the present proceedings the appellant was suing the respondent on the same basis, and thus the Tribunal was correct in applying res judicata. If the appellant was suing on any additional basis then she would not be allowed to do so because the law requires her to bring all her claims against a party at the one time - Port of Melbourne Aurhority v Anshun Pty Ltd [1981] HCA 45; (1981) 147 CLR 589.
Thus, by way of summary, a decision in prior proceedings in a court or tribunal not only operates to finalise the issues between the parties raised in those prior proceedings but also acts as a barrier to revisiting those issues in subsequent proceedings, other than by way of an appeal. Further, by reason of the decision in Anshun, this principle extends to cover not only duplicated matters but also matters that were known at the time of the earlier proceedings.
Of course, when considering allegations of defective building work, the statutory warranties set out in section 18B(1) of the HBA are relevant. 1. a warranty that the work will be done with due care and skill and in accordance with the plans and specifications set out in the contract, 2. a warranty that all materials supplied by the holder or person will be good and suitable for the purpose for which they are used and that, unless otherwise stated in the contract, those materials will be new, 3. a warranty that the work will be done in accordance with, and will comply with, this and any other law, 4. a warranty that the work will be done with due diligence and within the time stipulated in the contract or, if no time is stipulated, within a reasonable time, 5. a warranty that, if the work consists of the construction of a dwelling, the marking or alternations or additions to a dwelling or the repairing, renovation, decoration or protective treatment of a dwelling, the work will result, to the extent of the work conducted, in a dwelling that is reasonably fit for occupation as a dwelling, 6. a warranty that the work and any materials used in doing the work will be reasonably fit for the specified purpose or result, if the person for whom the work is done expressly makes know to the holder of the contractor licence or person required to hold a contractor's licence, or another person with express or apparent authority to enter into or vary any contractual arrangements on behalf of the holder or person, the particular purpose for which the work is required or the result that the owner desires that work to achieve, so as to show that the owner relies on the holder's or person's skill or judgment.
It is also necessary to note that section 48MA of the HBA provides: A court or tribunal determining a build claim involving an allegation of defective residential building work or specialist work by a party to the proceedings (the responsible party) is to have regard to the principle that rectification of the defective work by the responsible party is the preferred outcome.
Prior decisions which have considered those words assist in its consideration in this case. Galdona v Peacock [2017] NSWCATAP 64 is an Appeal Panel decision which noted that s 48MA provided for a preferred outcome, not a mandatory outcome. That case suggested that a work order would not be appropriate where (1) the relationship between the parties has broken down, (2) the builder has not acknowledged a poor standard of work, and/or (3) there are reservations as to the ability of the builder to rectify the work with due care and skill. However, those categories cannot be regarded as confining the operation of s 48MA since the test to be applied is not that decision, but the words of the statute set out above.
Kurmond Homes Pty Ltd v Marsden [2018] NSWCATAP 23 at [32] suggests section 48MA operates as a preference rather than a right and only operates to prevent unreasonable refusal by the owners to prevent the builder from carrying out rectification work.
It is clear the Tribunal is required to weigh up the factors in each case and make an evidence-based decision: Brooks v Gannon Constructions Pty Limited [2017] NSWCATCD 12 at [64].

[6]

Status of the claims in these proceedings

The sequence of relevant events is not in dispute: 1. The owners obtained a report from Jim's Building Inspections (JBI). 2. That report was submitted to the Department of Fair Trading, 3. The Department of Fair Trading used that report to obtain the builder's response and then issue a rectification order (RO) to the builder. 4. At the hearing of the earlier proceedings (HB 20/14622) the owners relied on that JBI report while the builder relied on the RO. 5. The Tribunal, having considered both that JBI report and the RO, the Tribunal preferred the RO and made orders based on it.
In the application, it was said that "The defective works are identified at 3.03, 3.06, 3.07, 3.11, 3.13, 3.14, 3.15, 2.16 3.17, 3.20. 3.23 and 3.24 in the expert report or (sic) Gordon Xue dated 5 February 2021." A copy of that report was lodged with the application. A close consideration of that 5 February 2021 report reveals that those numbered references are to topics raised in the JBI report, a copy of which was included in that 5 February 2021 report.
Mr Wei annexed to his affidavit a copy of the pages provided to him (A150-189) which were plainly based on the JBI report.
The following table sets out the reference number identified in the application by reference to Mr Xue's report dated 5 February 2021, the description of that item in that report, and the corresponding item number in the pages provided to Mr Wei by the officer from the Department of Fair Trading who prepared the RO. Xue Description DFT 3.03 Garage, Plasterboard finish - defective 2 3.06 Garage, Wall cladding - Substandard Installation 6 3.07 Garage, Cracks to render - Category 1 7 3.11 Yard - Back, Brick repairs and matching - defective 11 3.13 All Areas, Plasterboard finish - defective 13 3.14 Lounge Room, Mouldings (internal) - misaligned 14 3.15 Lounge Room, Doors and windows - Incomplete installation (AS2047) 15 3.16 Lounge Room, Window frame joints - not aligning and flushing 16 3.17 All Areas, Floors - springy 17 3.20 Stairs - Internal, Window operation - defective 20 3.23 Entry, Door installation not weathertight - door sweep or bottom weather strip missing 23 3.24 Lounge Room, Fly screen, not fitting the size of window 29

[7]

Thus, it is understandable that the builder would say that each of the items alleged in the application now under consideration were (1) raised with the Department of Fair Trading but were not included in the RO, and (2) rejected by the Tribunal on 22 September 2020 when it preferred the RO over the JBI report since that report was unsigned, did not list any relevant qualifications, and did not contain anything to suggest its author was aware of the responsibility of an expert provided evidence to the Tribunal.
At the first directions hearing, held on 4 May 2021 the owners were directed to file and serve Points of Claim by 18 May 2021, which was done. Ten defects were alleged in that document. On 7 July 2021 the owners were given leave to file and serve Amended Points of Claim, which was also done, albeit late.
The Amended Points of Claim added stormwater drainage as an additional defect at [21]. At [22] it was indicated that the owners relied on the report of Mr Xue dated 23 July 2021 in addition to his report dated 5 February 2021 that was referred to in the Points of Claim. There were also changes to the amount claimed at [27], revising it up to a total of $197,411 in respect of building work which had a contract price of $283,800.
Listed below are the eleven defects set out in the Amended Points of Claim: 1. Cracks to render wall; 2. Basement level not built as one level; 3. Water ingress through front entry door; 4. Squeaking flooring; 5. Poor installation of insulation; 6. Roof cavity electrical wiring; 7. Living room floor not levelled; 8. Poor finishing details; 9. Cracked driveway crossing; 10. Garage floor; and 11. Stormwater drainage 1. Installation of 2 x 500l underground rainwater tanks installed on the lower side of the boundary pit preventing gravity fed discharge. 2. Access and maintenance access to the underground rainwater tanks have not been installed. 3. Stormwater pipe to the underground tank is not sealed. 4. The absorption pit has not been installed at the correct orientation. 5. The underground rainwater maintenance put have been covered over when they must be exposed. 6. The stormwater pipework has not been installed to allow correct fall from the backyard rainwater tank to the absorption pit. 7. The front yard underground rainwater tank has been installed to the lower side of the discharge pit prior to the street kerb, resulting in the stormwater backflowing into the rainwater tank. 8. Each of the defects listed in 1-7 are the result of the Builder not constructing and/or installing the stormwater drainage in accordance with the Hydraulic drawings (3 pages) prepared by Ing Consulting Engineering.
Mr Xue provided three reports in support of this application: a report dated 05 February 2021 which was lodged with the application (the first report), a report dated 23 February 2021 which was included in the joint tender bundle at A205 (the second report), and a report dated 23 July 2021 which was confined to the stormwater issues and was in the tender bundle at A385 (the third report).
It should be noted that each of those three reports of Mr Xue was provided on behalf of Jim's Building Inspections but that it was Mr Li Wan, not Mr Xue, who prepared what has been referred to as the JBI report, being the report that was submitted by the owners to the Department of Fair Trading and upon which the owners relied at the hearing of the earlier application which resulted in the orders made on 22 September 2020. A copy of the JBI report is in the joint tender bundle at A322.
The first report was not included in the joint tender bundle. The second report appears to be the report upon which the Points of Claim were based. The third report dealt with the stormwater issues and was plainly the report which provided the basis for the addition of that topic in the Amended Points of Claim.
Both the first and second reports, dated 05 and 23 February 2021 respectively, were based on the same inspection that was said to have occurred on 27 November 2020, after the builder ceased to work on the property. A page-by-page comparison of the first and second reports reveals that the second report added two pages (A271-272) relating to an external downpipe which was observed to be circular but, by reference to the Schedule of Finishes, should have been rectangular. An additional amount of $1,189 was added for this item.
It is first necessary to consider the second report (which updated the first report in only one respect) to ascertain whether it contains any additional matters that were not covered in the JBI report. That is because, as indicated above, the owners are bound by the outcome of those matters in the earlier proceedings. Secondly, it is necessary to consider whether any such additional matters are caught by Anshun estoppel in that they could and should have been raised in the earlier proceedings.
Before proceeding to that analysis, the Tribunal records that the question of whether the matters now raised by the owners against the builder in this application was directly raised during the cross-examination of Ms Ding (Mr Ding did not provide any evidence). She was asked when she first knew about the defects now alleged in this application. Her response was that she knew from when Mr Wei did not take any further action in relation to those matters. That would mean by November 2020 when the builder ceased to work on the site and by 27 November 2020 when Mr Xue conducted the inspection upon which the first and second reports were based.
When it was specifically put to Ms Ding, by both Ms Wei and by the Tribunal, that she knew of all the defective work alleged in this application, except for the stormwater issues, before the decision in the earlier application she clearly agreed with that proposition.

[23]

Consideration - Stormwater drainage

In relation to this item, the report of Mr Nguyen listed the required rectification works (A458) as follows: 1. Install additional five 100 diameter downpipes to the main dwelling and a further one to the garage. The rain head connection is to be removed and replaced with a direct connection. 2. The downpipe near the front porch is to be connected to the front underground rainwater tanks system. 3. Install first flush diverter to all downpipes and a first flush line to service the front underground RWT. 4. The water collected from the front 10KL underground RWT is to be connected for reuse in the toilets and laundry. 5. The front rainwater tank system is to be constructed to designed levels as per approved plans or reconfigured where necessary to ensure overflow from the tanks will be directed to Sydney Street via the boundary pit. Reconfiguration will require redesign which may require adjustment of the existing rainwater tanks level. A chartered professional engineer will need to be engaged in regard to the production of a design solution and certification. Further, all access to the tanks is to be left unburied for maintenance access. 6. The inlets to the absorption system shall be reconstructed to the full trench with as specified on the approved plan. The stormwater pits may need to be relocated to facilitate this process. 7. The grated absorption pit sizes are to be 600 square as specified, 8. A tap connected to the rear water tank extraction system is to be provided for irrigation. 9. Upon completion of the remedial works, a plumber's certification on the rainwater reuse system as per condition 44 of DA consent is to be provided. 10. The rainwater tanks and absorption system are to be uncovered to confirm the size constructed is as per the approved plan. 11. Warning signs are to be affix[ed] to reuse extraction system informing users that "water id non potable and is not for consumption" 12. Engineers inspections and certification of the abovementioned remedial works is required.
The joint report of the hydraulics engineers, namely Mr Nguyen for the owners (whose firm was abbreviated to DES) and Mr Ghobrial for the builder (whose firm was abbreviated to Akko), set out their agreement on each of those twelve aspects without any comment except in relation to the fifth aspect: DES & Akko agree that the rainwater tanks system comprising of inlet, outlet, first flush & extraction system at the front of the site can remain where it is, however will need to be redesigned and constructed to achieve DA & CC application approval objectives as detailed in Item 3 of DES report. The attached concept plans (Refer to Appendix) detailed the work required, however the assumptions adopted for this concept remedial design will need to be confirmed on site as being accurate via exploratory excavation to reveal the constructed work.
In his third report, Mr Xue provided an estimated cost of repair of $48,484 which included a 15% margin but not GST (A391). However, that costing was superseded by the joint report which resulted in a revising costing (A472) which increased that amount to $75,051 plus GST which is $82,556.10. Mr Ghobrial's costing (A474) suggested a total of $10,530.44 inclusive of GST. Mr Xue and Mr Ghobrial were both questioned in relation to their costings.
The challenges to Mr Xue's suggested cost included his allowance of $1,000 for covering and protecting surfaces during rectification work (being the same amount he suggested in the related, renewal proceedings), the time he allowed for aspects of the work, and his allowance of $5,000 for materials which, like the $1,000 referred to above, was not provided with any factual foundation or reasoning but was said to be based on his experience. He also allowed 16 hours (two men for one day) for making good any affected surfaces, despite allowing $1,000 for the protection of surfaces, and a further 16 hours for site cleaning.
The challenges to Mr Ghobrial's estimate included suggestions that the hourly rates he used were low, the times he allowed were too low, and whether he considered certain aspects of the work were necessary.
In closing submissions, Mr Birch removed some items from Mr Xue's costing which reduced the owners claim for stormwater rectification to $45,346 plus a builder's margin of 15% and GST which gives an amount of $57,372.69. He contended that Mr Ghobrial's estimate was too low while Ms Wei suggested that even the reduced amount sought by the owners was too high. Ms Wei also suggested the stormwater plan was flawed but that submission was not put to Mr Nguyen and sought to contest what was agreed in the joint report.
It is sufficient to indicate that the Tribunal is comfortably satisfied both that the amount suggested by Mr Xue, even when reduced from $82,556.10 to $57,372.69, and that the amount of $10,530.44 suggested by Mr Ghobrial is too low. However, it is not necessary to determine the reasonable cost of rectification as the Tribunal is satisfied that a work order should be made, for the reasons indicated below.
The Tribunal notes that the work order will include a requirement for the provision of a certificate to the owners which, combined with the order made in the related proceedings for the provision of certificates in relation to plumbing and electrical work, will enable the owners to obtain an occupation certificate.

[24]

Work order or money order?

The owners sought a money order while the builder sought a work order. As is commonly the case, the relevant considerations do not all point in the same direction. In favour of the owners is the fact that, in the related proceedings, there were items which were established as non-compliance with a work order that was made in what has been referred to as the earlier application. There were also reasons advanced in favour of a work order by Ms Ding in her affidavit although the suggestion that the builder did not comply with an order of the Tribunal made on 22 September 2020 in the earlier application carries less weight since the owners also failed a comply with such an order. Further, a balanced consideration of any failure to comply with the RO needs to take into consideration that it was conditional upon payments being made by the owners.
The builder accepted that each of the three items under consideration constituted defects and expressed a willingness to carry out rectification work. While it is clear the friendship which the owners and Mr Wei previously enjoyed has plainly broken down, the Tribunal is not satisfied that the breakdown is such as to displace the statutory preference for a work order. To allow a work order in relation to this application is consistent with the making of a work order in the earlier application.
Relevant considerations are not confined to the position of the parties. First, the Tribunal considers the amounts suggested to be the cost of rectification by Mr Xue for each of the three areas under consideration were unreasonably high. Secondly, the absence of any amount in the evidence of the builder for two of the three items and the unreasonably low amount suggested by Mr Ghobrial for the third, makes it difficult for the Tribunal to achieve an outcome which does not either over/under compensate the owners or over/under burden the builder. Thirdly, the major component of the work, relating to stormwater drainage, requires certification which provides a form of compliance mechanism. Fourthly, the comment made by the hydraulic engineers in the joint report indicated a need for an inspection and assessment before the rectification work proceeds and it is difficult to assess the reasonable cost of rectification when there remain alternative courses which cannot be known at the time of the hearing.
For those reasons, the Tribunal has decided to make a work order rather than a money order. It is necessary to consider by what date that work should be completed. As it is now close to the Christmas break, it is likely that little will be able to be achieved before mid-January 2022. In relation to the stormwater issues, there is a need for inspection and design before that work can proceed to a conclusion. There was oral evidence from Mr Xue that the rectification work for the stormwater issues would take three to four weeks. Accordingly, the Tribunal considers 28 February 2020 to be a reasonable date by which completion should be achieved.
Noting that there is a need for inspection, finalisation of a design and certification, the Tribunal considers those costs should be borne by the builder since they arise from work found to be defective.

[25]

Costs

As the total amount claimed in the Scott Schedule (A394) was $197,411, it is clear rule 38(2)(b) of the Civil and Administrative Tribunal Rules 2014 applies with the result that costs follow the event unless there is disentitling conduct: Latoudis v Casey [1990] HCA 59; Oshlak v Richmond River Council [1998] HCA 11.
In this application, the owners made eleven claims but only three were successful. Normally, if a party only succeeds on some claims and not others then costs may still be awarded, subject to the question of whether there were dominant or severable issues, considered below. However, in this case, the builder's position is stronger because it is clear those eleven claims included eight which should not have been brought.
On the question of whether to consider the issues or claims rather than just the outcome on the question of costs, the Tribunal notes the principles set out in Bostik Australia v Liddiard (No 2) [2009] NSWCA 304 at [38], omitting case citations: The principles governing the making of an order as to costs so as to reflect the time taken in dealing with a particular issue in which the successful party in the proceedings or on the appeal did not succeed were reviewed by this Court in Elite Protective Personnel Pty Ltd & Anor v Salmon (No 2) [2007] NSWCA 373. Those principles may be summarised as follows:

Where there are multiple issues in a case the Court generally does not attempt to differentiate between the issues on which a party was successful and those on which it failed. Unless a particular issue or group of issues is clearly dominant or separable it will ordinarily be appropriate to award the costs of the proceedings to the successful party without attempting to differentiate between those particular issues on which it was successful and those on which it failed
In relation to trials it has been said that it may be appropriate to deprive a successful party of costs or a portion of the costs if the matters upon which that party was unsuccessful took up a significant part of the trial, either by way of evidence or argument
If the appellant loses on a separate issue argued on the appeal which has increased the time taken in hearing the appeal, then a special order for costs may be appropriate which deprives the appellant of the costs of that issue
Whether an order contrary to the general rule that costs follow the event should be made depends on the circumstances of the case viewed against the wide discretionary powers of the court, which powers should be liberally construed
A separable issue can relate to "any disputed question of fact or law" before a court on which a party fails, notwithstanding that they are otherwise successful in terms of the ultimate outcome of the matter
Where there is a mixed outcome in proceedings, the question of apportionment is very much a matter of discretion and mathematical precision is illusory. The exercise of the discretion depends upon matters of impression and evaluation

Consistent with those principles, the decision of the Appeal Panel in Smith v Giro Construction Pty Ltd [2015] NSWCATAP 214 at [27-28] suggested two propositions. First, that where there are multiple issues there is generally no attempt to differentiate between those on which a party succeeded and those on which it failed. Secondly, that a successful party should only be deprived of a costs order where the unsuccessful issues were dominant or severable, having regard to the significance of those unsuccessful issues to the outcome, the time they occupied at the hearing and (to the extent it can be determined) in preparation for that hearing.
In this application, the claims which failed were both dominant, being eight out of eleven claims, and separable. As those eight claims should not have been brought, the Tribunal does not consider it reasonable to award the owners any costs in respect of those claims. While this is a matter where precision is not possible, since the stormwater issues occupied more hearing time than any of the remaining ten claims, the Tribunal assesses that the owners should be entitled to recover 50% of their costs of this application.
However, to allow the owners to recover 50% of their costs of this application would leave open a dispute as to which costs related to this application and which costs related to the renewal application. Since each of those applications took about the same amount of hearing time, the practical way to make a costs order to which the Tribunal considers the owners to be entitled in relation to this application is to award them 25% of their costs in both applications.

[27]

Appendix A

All electrical wiring in the roof cavity is to be fixed, clipped, or otherwise rectified to comply with clause 3.9.3 of AS3000-2007.
Remove and replace the layback in accordance with the Council specification, installing a control joint between the layback and driveway to match the control joint in the existing driveway.
Excavate to reveal the constructed work in relation to the rainwater tanks system to enable inspection by Mr Nguyen and Mr Ghobrial.
After they have provided an approved design, carry out the following rectification work:Install additional five 100 diameter downpipes to the main dwelling and a further one to the garage. The rain head connection is to be removed and replaced with a direct connection. 1. The downpipe near the front porch is to be connected to the front underground rainwater tanks system. 2. Install first flush diverter to all downpipes and a first flush line to service the front underground RWT. 3. The water collected from the front 10KL underground RWT is to be connected for reuse in the toilets and laundry. 4. The front rainwater tank system is to be constructed to that approved design, ensuring overflow from the tanks will be directed to Sydney Street via the boundary pit. All access to the tanks is to be left unburied for maintenance access. 5. The inlets to the absorption system shall be reconstructed to the full trench with as specified on the approved plan. The stormwater pits may need to be relocated to facilitate this process. 6. The grated absorption pit sizes are to be 600 square as specified, 7. A tap connected to the rear water tank extraction system is to be provided for irrigation. 8. Upon completion of the remedial works, a plumber's certification on the rainwater reuse system as per condition 44 of DA consent is to be provided. 9. The rainwater tanks and absorption system are to be uncovered to confirm the size constructed is as per the approved plan. 10. Warning signs are to be affixed to reuse extraction system informing users that "water is non potable and is not for consumption". 11. Engineer's inspections and certification of the abovementioned remedial works is required and a copy of the required certificates are to be provided to the owners to enable them to obtain an occupation certificate.

Ding v Sanli Design & Construction Pty Ltd

At a glance

Court

Decision date

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Judgment (29 paragraphs)

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Legislation Cited (2)

Cases Cited (11)