DCY v Children's Guardian

Does the applicant pose a real and appreciable risk to the safety of children?

1. To engage in child-related work in NSW, a person must hold a working with children check clearance. The Office of the Children's Guardian can grant a clearance unless the applicant is, by virtue of his or her criminal history, a disqualified person. The Children's Guardian also has the power to conduct a risk assessment of an applicant. Where the applicant is neither a disqualified person nor subject to a risk assessment, the Children's Guardian must issue him or her with a working with children check clearance. An applicant who is subject to a risk assessment must also be granted a clearance unless the Children's Guardian is satisfied that he or she poses a real and appreciable risk to the safety of children. (s5B and s18 of the Child Protection (Working with Children) Act 2012)
2. In this case, the Children's Guardian conducted a risk assessment because the applicant had been convicted of a Schedule 1 offence on 4 February 2014, being the common assault of a child pursuant to s61 of the Crimes Act 1900.
3. Whilst the initial risk assessment recommended that a working with children check clearance be granted to the applicant, this recommendation was overturned at a later case review meeting and the applicant's request for a working with children check clearance was subsequently refused. Before this tribunal, the Children's Guardian's position was neither to oppose nor to consent to the applicant's request for a working with children check clearance.
4. In determining whether the applicant poses a real and appreciable risk to the safety of children, we have considered those matters raised by the Children's Guardian in refusing the applicant a working with children check clearance, namely: 1. the applicant's conviction for the common assault of her daughter; 2. the applicant's guilty plea to the assault occasioning actual bodily harm of the child's father; 3. the care history for the applicant's daughter; and 4. the applicant's mental health.
5. We have also considered the risk assessment report prepared for the applicant by Dr Penny Seidler.
6. We have then considered these matters in the context of those topics we are obliged to take into consideration, as set out in s30(1) of the Child Protection (Working with Children) Act.

Common assault

1. In July 2013, the applicant met up with friends for a get together prior to her moving interstate. She explained that she was a single mother and did not have alternative care for her daughter, and so brought her then nine-month-old baby with her to the function, which commenced in the afternoon.
2. In the evening, the applicant returned home to feed and bath the baby before meeting up with her friends at a bar. The baby slept on her shoulder for some time but later woke and became unsettled. To try to settle her, the applicant lifted the child up and down in front of her. The owner of the bar, who was a friend of the child's father, became concerned that the applicant had shaken the child and rang the child's father to inform him of his concerns.
3. The applicant then left with the child where she encountered the child's father filming her on his mobile phone as she left the bar. She took the phone from his hand and threw it down the street. An argument ensued (see below). A member of the public took the child from her pram to the local police station - which was across the street and less than 100 metres away. The applicant went to the Police Station seeking her child, where she agreed to participate in an electronic interview.
4. The child was taken to hospital for testing. There was no medical evidence of injuries to the child consistent with being shaken and there was no evidence of any previous injuries to the child.
5. In notes taken by the NSW Department of Community Services (DOCS) on 10 July 2013, the applicant told DOCS officers that she shouldn't have brought the baby to the bar: [She] was getting grisly. Stayed out because I was leaving...the next day. I lift her up and it calms her down. Throwing her up in the air makes her happy. I was shocked I was accused of shaking my baby, I would never do that.
6. In a medical report prepared for the child on 15 July 2013, Dr Dimitra Tzioumi, paediatrician made the following findings: Medical assessments did not find any acute injuries or evidence of previous injuries. There was no medical evidence that the alleged shaking incident had caused [her] any detectable injuries.
7. The applicant was charged with the common assault of her daughter and a defended hearing was subsequently held in the local court.
8. At the local court hearing, the applicant gave evidence that: Well, in order to get [her] settled I've held her up in the air because that's what I've done like a thousand times before. Like if she can - if she can be up and she's looking down into my eyes and I'm looking up into her that helps to settle her.
9. She gave evidence that she was holding the baby about 30cm in the air but denied shaking her.
10. The applicant pleaded not guilty to the offence but was found guilty by the local court magistrate. In convicting the applicant for the offence pursuant to section 10A of the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act (NSW), the magistrate found that the applicant's actions occurred as a result of a 'momentary lapse' and that her likelihood of reoffending was low.
11. In the course of the hearing the magistrate stated that: My concern is this is a case where I think it was a momentary lapse. I don't have any other evidence to suggest otherwise. There's no evidence that the child was other than otherwise a healthy loved child. There's no other evidence and indeed there's no other evidence that the child had any other support other than the child's mother at that particular time.
12. In convicting the applicant, the magistrate stated that the conduct involved recklessness and that there was no other maliciousness or intention involved. It was on this basis that the magistrate found the offence of common assault proved.
13. In oral evidence before this Tribunal, the applicant confirmed that she did not intentionally shake her daughter but acknowledged that by lifting the child up and down she could understand how other people may have thought she'd been shaking her. She denied being angry at her daughter at the time of the incident but was simply trying to settle her.
14. In accordance with the findings of the magistrate, we are satisfied that whilst the applicant did assault her daughter, it was a reckless action, occasioned by a momentary lapse with no malice or harm intended to the child.

Assault occasioning actual bodily harm

1. On the same evening in July 2013, the owner of the bar rang the child's father to advise him that the applicant was in the hotel with the child. When the child's father arrived, he took out his mobile phone and began to film the applicant, who grabbed the phone and threw it on the road. When the child's father then walked over to the applicant, she punched him with a closed fist to his face. When he dared her to hit him again, she punched him in the face again.
2. The applicant was charged with assault occasioning actual bodily harm and entered a plea of guilty to the charge.
3. At the hearing into the charge of common assault, the applicant gave the following evidence in relation to the incident involving the child's father: He called me a fucking trashbag, a bitch, and I'm a shit mother…That pushed me over the edge. I snapped because I don't like to be called a bad mother. He doesn't know what it's like to raise a baby on your own and so at that point I was so frustrated and upset with him that I reached forward and I attempted to punch him in the face. And in fact you did hit him, didn't you? Yes, I did.
4. The magistrate did not record a conviction in relation to the charge of assault occasioning actual bodily harm and placed the applicant on a bond for a period of eighteen months.
5. The magistrate found that the likelihood of any future offending by the applicant was low.
6. In a statutory declaration dated 3 August 2016, the applicant states that I don't deny that alcohol was a contributing factor to my poor judgement on the night of the incident and as a result of that I have chosen to abstain from any alcohol since this time and I intend on maintaining that. I want to be a positive role model for my daughter, whom I share a very strong bond with. I enjoy child related activities and would very much like to be able to contribute to these in any way I can.
7. There is no dispute that the applicant punched her ex-partner in July 2013 and that he sustained a scratch to the left side of his face and swelling to the right side of his eye. The applicant pleaded guilty to the offence and does not deny that she punched him.

Care history for applicant's daughter

1. From birth, the applicant had full-care of her daughter. Following the incident on 8 July 2013, the applicant's daughter was removed from her care and placed in the care of the child's paternal grandmother.
2. In 2014, an order was made in the Children's Court placing the child under the sole parental responsibility of the minister for a period of 6 months, and placed in the care of her father, with weekly contact with the applicant, including some overnight stays.
3. By 2015, this contact with the applicant had increased to two days per week. According to a report provided to the Children's Court on 10 July 2015 by Department of Community Services workers: [The child] was observed by caseworkers to be engaged in play and responsive to her mother's requests. The home is filled with age appropriate toys...that are easily assessed for her stimulation…[She] appears to be settled in her mother's care, the home appears adequate and child safe for a child of [her] age.
4. The Department of Community Services workers recommended that the child would benefit from equal time with both parents, stating that this would provide the child 'with safety, stability and predictability to her overall functioning and development.'
5. On 22 September 2015 the Department of Family and Community Services (FACS) wrote to the applicant to advise that they were closing their file in relation to the applicant's daughter. In explanation for this decision, the caseworkers wrote that 'during the time you have worked with FACS we believe that you have addressed the risk issues for [your child] that were outlined in the Child Protection Case Plan.'
6. Prior to her daughter starting school, the applicant had the care of her three nights a week. Because of her geographical distance from the child's school, she currently has the care of her daughter every second weekend, one night in the alternative week and half of the school holidays with additional time for Mother's Day, birthdays and Christmas.
7. In oral evidence before this tribunal, the applicant confirmed that her daughter's father has the primary care of their daughter and that she has contact with her daughter from Friday to Monday every second week and on Thursday nights in the alternative week. She confirmed that there are no current family law proceedings in relation to her daughter's care.
8. She gave evidence of some dispute with her daughter's father when she sought to have her daughter stay overnight to attend her grandfather's memorial service and subsequently to attend a cruise for her grandmother's birthday. She confirmed that no contravention proceedings were filed. There is no evidence on file of any contravention of the orders by the applicant.
9. The applicant confirmed that she has avoided alcohol and illicit drugs since 2013 and has changed her lifestyle such that she has 'no need for alcohol' any more.
10. She told the tribunal that she found it difficult not being her daughter's primary carer, particularly as the child's father is busy running a business but told the tribunal that the situation is not within her control and she can only do what is within her control. The applicant named her church as being very supportive, particularly in relation to the loss of custody of her daughter, her father's death and her own breast cancer diagnosis.
11. She told the tribunal that when she is with her daughter, she organises fun things to do together, including the movies, the playground as well as organised festivals.
12. There is no dispute that the applicant enjoys a close relationship to her daughter who she sees weekly and who stays overnight with her three nights each fortnight. The FACS case notes are glowing in their description of the applicant's relationship with her daughter prior to the closing of the FACS file on the daughter in 2015.

Applicant's mental health

1. Contained on file is some documentation in relation to issues pertaining to the applicant's mental health.
2. In December 2011, the applicant was admitted to hospital following a threat to stab herself and her boyfriend.
3. In October 2012 the applicant contacted the telephone service run by Tresillian, which offers advice and support for new mothers. The applicant spoke of her frustration in being unable to settle her child in the evening and said that she felt like throwing the child against the lounge. She denied having any intention of acting on this. The Community Services Crisis Response Team was alerted and services put in place to support the applicant.
4. A 2013 report from the applicant's treating psychologist, Ms Hollands, was tended in the applicant's sentencing proceedings in relation to the charges of common assault and assault occasioning actual bodily harm. Ms Hollands gave the opinion that the applicant had been suffering from an extremely severe level of depression in 2009 which had normalised by 2013. It was Ms Hollands' view that whilst the applicant's daughter had been in the applicant's full-time care, the child's physical and psychological needs had been met. It was her strong opinion at the time that if the child were restored to her mother's care, the level of risk to the child would be low.
5. Ms Hollands expressed the view that: I have no evidence to suggest [the child] had ever been at risk of being physically harmed or ill treated by [the applicant]. Their relationship and interaction during our previous sessions has been of warmth, and within the normal parameters of mother-daughter relationship. I have no concerns for [the child's] well being should she return to live with [the applicant] in the future…[The applicant] displays a mature and committed attitude towards ensuring she provides for [the child] into the future for her both emotionally and intellectually. Her own initiation of a parenting course due to commence in January 2014, as well as her initiation of mediation between herself and [the child's] father through Relationships Australia also indicates a mature and open approach to ensuring [the child's] emotional needs are met.
6. In a reference dated 1 September 2016, Ms Hollands expressed the opinion that 'there are no risk factors of any kind in respect of [the applicant] and it is my professional opinion she would be an asset in whatever field she chooses to work in.'
7. In a report dated 9 February 2017, Ms Hollands confirms that the applicant has addressed and successfully managed to maintain abstinence from alcohol and any other drugs from July 2009 and that 'this abstinence, in conjunction with her mindfulness based cognitive therapy approach to managing her stress, moods and previous anxiety, has resulted in very positive outcomes psychologically.'
8. Ms Hollands gave the opinion that: there are no identified risk factors which would be preventing my support of [the applicant's] working with children in the immediate future. Over the past 4 ½ years, [she] has led a meaningful standard of living and displayed no behaviours or attitudes which would be of concern in her working with children. Hence I strongly support her application to be seriously considered.
9. In an updated report dated 1 May 2019, Ms Hollands confirmed that the applicant's last appointment was on 7 February 2019 with the applicant 'presenting as stable with no identified risk factors.'
10. In evidence to the tribunal, the applicant described a close relationship with her mother and sister, who she sees regularly. The applicant also gave evidence of strong ties with her church where she attends church-related activities, including church services, bible study and a women's group. She is also supported by a counsellor and by her involvement with a community outreach program.
11. We accept that, despite some earlier depressive issues, on the evidence before us, the applicant's mental health is stable and that she has numerous supports around her.

Expert evidence

1. Dr Penny Seidler, psychologist, prepared a risk assessment report for these proceedings.
2. In evaluating whether the applicant poses a real and appreciable risk to the safety of children, Dr Seidler made the following observation: Other than the triggering event, [DCY] does not have a history of engaging in abusive behaviour towards children. Further to this, it is my assessment, and seemingly also the assessment of the Criminal Court, that [DCY]'s offending behaviour was a function of poor coping in a particular set of circumstances, rather than being reflective of a long-standing pattern of abusive or aggressive behaviour towards children.
3. In assessing the applicant's risk of physical abuse to children, Dr Seidler reviewed those factors considered to either elevate or reduce the applicant's risk.
4. The elevating features considered were that the applicant has a history of:

• engaging in aggressive conduct at times when affected by alcohol;
• trauma and abuse, the consequences of which have affected her mental health adversely;
• emotional dysregulation, especially in the context of triggers related to her poor attachment and relationship experiences.

1. Those issues considered to reduce the applicant's risk were that:

• she is reportedly engaged in a prosocial community routine and is well supported in the community;
• she is no longer engaging in alcohol abuse;
• she has engaged in long-term psychological therapy and impressed with strong self-awareness and stable mental health as well as positive coping strategies;
• she did not endorse attitudes consistent with aggression and violence and has addressed the antecedents to her offending behaviour;
• FACS has closed the file for the applicant's daughter and has allowed the applicant to be actively involved as a parent in her daughter's life.

1. Dr Seidler expressed the view that the applicant has made significant and important changes in recent years associated with her mental health, emotional and personal coping skills and her peer connections which have resulted in her achieving long term sobriety of alcohol and drugs, as well as managing a lifestyle that is stable, goal-directed and prosocial. It is Dr Seidler's view that whilst the applicant remains emotionally vulnerable, she has worked hard to minimise the presence of risks in her life and, thus, her risk to children and young people of abusive behaviour has been minimised. Dr Seidler is of the view that the risk of the applicant engaging in future acts of violence or abuse towards children and young people is low and no greater than any other member of the community. According to Dr Seidler, the applicant's longstanding vulnerabilities may increase the risk of adverse psychological impact on children and young people harm, although this risk appears to be offset by her own coping skills and support systems.
2. According to Dr Seidler: On the basis of the information available to me, I do not consider that [DCY]'s risk to the safety and well-being of children and young people is to a degree that she should be prevented from being granted a Working with Children Check Clearance. However, there are some emotional vulnerabilities for [DCY] that contribute to chronic risk of emotional dysregulation and associated poor decision making, which may affect children and young people adversely, although I acknowledge that these seem well controlled at present, in addition to being supported by a reasonable system of positive coping skills and personal supports.
3. In oral evidence to the tribunal, Dr Seidler recommended that the applicant retain some regular, planned contact with her psychologist, Ms Hollands, even if it were only twice a year. Dr Seidler did not think that the applicant's support from her church minister would be an adequate substitution for therapy treatment from Ms Hollands, should such treatment be required.
4. Following Dr Seidler's evidence, the applicant indicated that she intended to continue sessions with Ms Hollands twice a year in 2020.

Consideration of the s30(1) matters As set out above, in determining this application and considering the question of risk, we must explicitly consider the factors set out in section 30 (1) of the Child Protection (Working with Children) Act. The evidence will be considered under each of the following subheadings.

The seriousness of any matters that caused a refusal of a clearance or the imposition of an interim bar. (s30 (1)(a))

1. The trigger offence that led to the refusal of the applicant's working with children check clearance was the common assault of her then nine-month old daughter.
2. As set out above, the applicant was accused of shaking her daughter in July 2013 and was found guilty of the offence of common assault following a hearing in the Local Court.
3. We accept the findings of the magistrate that the offence occurred as a result of a 'momentary lapse', that it was a reckless action with no malice or intention, and that her likelihood of reoffending is low.

The period of time since those offences or matters occurred and the conduct of the person since they occurred (s30(1)(b))

1. The trigger offence, namely the common assault, occurred in 2013 which is now six years ago. As a result of the offence, the applicant lost custody of her then infant daughter and a file was opened with the (then) Department of Community Services for the child. There is no dispute that the case file for the child was closed in 2015 and that since this time, the applicant has had overnight access to her daughter which now includes every second weekend and half of all school holidays.
2. There is no evidence of any subsequent reoffending, contact with police, contact with child welfare agencies since 2015, or anti-social behaviour. Indeed, all of the evidence before the tribunal is that she has lived an exemplary life since the trigger event and has worked hard to provide a stable and loving environment for her daughter.
3. We also accept the applicant's evidence that following the trigger offence, the applicant stopped drinking alcohol and became involved in church activities. We also accept that she has regularly sought therapy and has completed a series of parenting courses.

The age of the person at the time the matters occurred (s30(1)(c))

1. The applicant was 42 years old when the trigger offence occurred.

The age of each victim of any relevant offence or conduct at the time they occurred and any matters relating to the vulnerability of the victim (s30(1)(d))

1. The victim was the applicant's baby daughter who was nine months at the time. She was vulnerable due to her young age and her dependency upon the applicant.

The difference in age between the victim and the person and the relationship (if any) between the victim and the person (s30(1)(e))

1. The applicant is 48 years old and her daughter is now 6 years old. There is age difference of 42 years.

Whether the person knew, or could reasonably have known that the victim was a child (s30(1)(f))

1. The applicant knew the victim was a child, as she was the applicant's baby daughter.

The person's present age (s30(1)(g))

1. The applicant is 48 years old.

The seriousness of the person's total criminal record and the conduct of the person since the offences occurred (s30(1)(h))

1. The applicant has no criminal record apart from the trigger offence and the assault of the child's father, both of which occurred on the same evening.
2. Since these offences, we are satisfied that the applicant has worked co-operatively with the Department of Community Services and later the Department of Family and Community Services to address any concerns in relation to the applicant's care of her daughter.
3. On the evidence before us, we are satisfied that the applicant has remained abstinent from alcohol since 2013.
4. We accept the evidence provided by the psychologist, Ms Hollands, that the applicant's mental health is stable.
5. We give little weight to the report made to police that the applicant withheld her daughter from her father contrary to Family Law Act orders.
6. We give weight to the risk assessment report prepared by Dr Seidler and her oral testimony to the tribunal and accept her opinion that the applicant's risk to the safety and well-being of children is no greater than the risk any other adult in the community poses to children.
7. We are mindful of Dr Seidler's concern as to the applicant's emotional vulnerability and are satisfied that her concerns can be adequately addressed by her ongoing personal supports and access to her treating psychologist.

The likelihood of any repetition by the person of the offences or conduct and the impact on children of any such repetition (s30(1)(i))

1. We accept that the applicant has come to the attention of FACS on two occasions prior to the trigger offence: once when she contacted Tresillian about difficulties she was having getting her daughter to sleep and stating that 'she felt as if she wanted to throw the baby against the lounge'; and once when a notification was made that the applicant suffers from depression and had been admitted to hospital following threats to stab herself and her boyfriend.
2. We accept that on an occasion prior to the trigger offence, an apprehended domestic violence order had been made against the applicant for the protection of her child's father and that in 2001, the applicant had been taken to hospital in a mentally confused state.
3. Whilst these issues are relevant, we give weight to the applicant's evidence that she has avoided alcohol (and any illicit drugs) since 2013 and has prioritised the care of her daughter during this period. We give weight to the reports prepared by the applicant's treating psychologist, Ms Hollands, and to the risk assessment prepared by Dr Seidler.
4. On the evidence before us, we are satisfied that the applicant is unlikely to place her child in danger and that, to the contrary, has demonstrated good care and protection of her daughter since the trigger offence.

Any order of a court or tribunal that is in force in relation to the person (s30(1)(il)

1. There is no evidence of any court or tribunal orders that are currently in force in relation to the applicant.

Information given by the applicant in, or in relation to, the application (s30(1)(j))

1. A reference from Ms Anne Connor, solicitor, describes the applicant as 'a kind, reliable, insightful, compassionate and intelligent woman' and states that she would have 'no hesitation putting [her] forward for any position that requires her to work with children or otherwise.'
2. The applicant's church minister has also provided a reference in support of the applicant's request for a working with children check clearance. In particular, he writes: In her interactions with children, [DCY] has displayed appropriate behaviour in all circumstances, demonstrating the ability to connect well by remaining beyond reproach…As a minister, I am aware of my child protection obligations and from time to time make pastoral notes where I observe something that concerns me, and have communicated these concerns to FACS when I thought appropriate. I have never had such concerns with [DCY] and have kept no pastoral notes nor made any reports to FACS...[DCY] is a mother who deeply loves her daughter, provides well for her, accepts help when required, and is involved in a number of healthy relationships with adults and children. If she were approved to work with children I would have no hesitation in accepting her help with our children's programmes. I commend her to you.
3. The applicant also has the support of the church leader in charge of a children and parent's music group attended by the applicant.
4. A further reference from a local community chaplain describes the applicant as an organised and upright member of the community. It is the chaplain's strong belief that the applicant does not pose a risk to any child or situation involving children.

Any relevant information in relation to the person that was obtained in accordance with section 36A (s30(jl)

1. No further information has been provided.

Any other matters that the Children's Guardian considers necessary (s30(1)(k))

1. No further matters have been put forward for our consideration.
2. The Children's Guardian neither opposes nor supports the orders sought by the applicant.
3. Whilst she has applied for a working with children check clearance in a volunteer position, at hearing the applicant told the tribunal that she was seeking employment and would like any clearance to also cover her for paid employment.
4. As instructed by the Children's Guardian, Ms Giacomo of Counsel advised the tribunal that, in this situation where the applicant has applied for a clearance as a volunteer only but now wishes to have a clearance that would also cover her for paid employment, the correct procedure would be for the applicant to be granted a clearance as a volunteer then pay a fee to enable her to be provided with a clearance for paid employment. Ms Giacomo assured the tribunal that no further risk assessment would be undertaken as part of this process.

Conclusion on section 30(1) matters

1. The question for the Tribunal is this: in light of all the evidence, does the applicant pose a real and appreciable risk to the safety of children? If the answer is no, she must be granted a working with children check clearance.
2. For the reasons set out above, we accept that the applicant does not pose a real and appreciable risk to the safety of children. In reaching this conclusion, we have been impressed by the steps taken by the applicant since 2013 to ensure she is a careful and protective parent and adult. There is no dispute that the applicant has been sober since 2013, had developed strong personal supports within both her family and her church environment. Her interaction with her daughter whilst under the supervision of family caseworkers was praised, leading to the closing of her daughter's file in 2015.
3. Despite the trauma of having her child removed from her care, the applicant has shown that she has been able to prioritise her child's needs to negotiate a contact arrangement that provides for her daughter's schooling and personal needs.
4. The applicant has gained the trust of her church minister and parishioners and has proven herself to be a valued member of her church congregation.
5. On the evidence before us, we are satisfied that the applicant is able to manage any personal vulnerabilities through her commitment to her daughter's needs, through the availability of ongoing therapy as required and through her family and social supports.
6. For all these reasons, we are satisfied that the applicant does not pose a real and appreciable risk to the safety of children.

Section 30(1A) considerations Section 30 (1A) of the Child Protection (Working with Children) Act 2012 prohibits the Tribunal from making an order allowing a person to work with children unless satisfied that: 1. a reasonable person would allow his or her child to have direct contact with the affected person that was not directly supervised by another person while the affected person was engaged in child-related work, and 2. it is in the public interest to make such an order

Would a reasonable person allow his or her child to have direct, unsupervised contact with the applicant whilst he is engaged in child-related work? The reasonable person test was considered in VQB v The Secretary to the Department of Justice [2013] VCAT 789 where it was said that the test requires: the application of an objective standard based upon the views of the reasonable person. The reasonable person would, in reaching his or her conclusions, acquaint himself or herself with all the matters that have been placed before me, giving the applicant for a positive assessment the right to be heard, as well as considering the material gathered by the Secretary. A reasonable person would not approach the task with a closed mind, thinking that once a person has offended, he or she can never be redeemed. The reasonable person, however, would not put aside all scepticism and reasonable caution in this most difficult area in some over-optimistic attempt to facilitate rehabilitation.

1. In order to properly consider whether a reasonable person would allow the applicant to have direct, unsupervised contact with their children, a 'reasonable person' would need to know that in 2014, the applicant was convicted of the common assault of her daughter and pleaded guilty to the assault occasioning actual bodily harm of the child's father. The reasonable person would note the findings of the magistrate that the applicant had not intended to assault her daughter but that the offence had occurred due to recklessness and a 'momentary lapse.' The reasonable person would assess the seriousness of the assault occasioning actual bodily harm by noting that magistrates' decision not to record a conviction for the matter.
2. The reasonable person would give weight to the applicant's sobriety since 2013 and to the high esteem in which she is held by her church minster and other parishioners. The reasonable person would accept that the applicant has worked hard during therapy sessions to manage her earlier depression and to cope with both the removal of her child and subsequent contact arrangements. The reasonable person would give weight both to Ms Hollands' assessment of the applicant in terms of the stability of her mental health and to Dr Seidler's assessment that the applicant does not pose any greater risk to the safety of children than any other adult in the community.
3. Having regard to the material before us and for the reasons set out above, we are satisfied that a reasonable person with knowledge of this information would allow his or her child to have direct, unsupervised contact with the applicant whilst she is engaged in child-related work.

Is it in the public interest to make the orders sought by the applicant?

1. Whether it is in the public interest to make an order enabling a particular applicant to work with children will depend upon all the relevant facts of which the Tribunal is aware. CHB v Children's Guardian [2016] NSWCATAD 214
2. The Tribunal must consider the public interest in the context of section 4 of the Child Protection (Working with Children) Act 2012, which provides that the safety, welfare and well-being of children and in particular, protecting them from child abuse, is the paramount consideration.
3. The public interest test requires the Tribunal, in the context of the paramount consideration (the safety, welfare and well-being of children and, in particular, protecting them from child abuse), to consider broader community or public interests as well as private interests, with the public interest being of at least equal importance to the private interests of the applicant. Mielczarek v Commissioner of Police, NSW Police Force (No 2) [2016] NSWCATAP 255; CYY v Children's Guardian (No 2) [2017] NSWCATAD 262
4. In Secretary, Department of Justice v LMB; Secretary, Department of Justice v PMY [2012] VSCA 143, at [24]-[26] the Victorian Court of Appeal considered the meaning of the term "public interest" in the context of the equivalent provision in the Victorian Act. In those paragraphs the Victorian Court of Appeal said: "[24] As French CJ, Gummow and Crennan JJ stated in ICM Agriculture Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth [2009] HCA 51; (2009) 240 CLR 140]: The term 'in the public interest' is one of broad import. When used in a statute, the term classically imports a discretionary value judgment to be made by reference to undefined factual matters confined only by the subject matter, scope and purpose of the statute in question. [25] In the present instance, the Act itself plainly identifies the primary public interest to which it is addressed. The main purpose of the Act is stated to be to assist in 'protecting children from sexual or physical harm'. The Act does this by 'ensuring that people who work with, or care for [children] have their suitability to do so checked by a government body'. [26] The Act grants an administrative discretion to the Tribunal which requires the Tribunal, once the discretion has been enlivened by a finding that there is no unjustifiable risk, to consider for itself whether the giving of a notice will be in the public interest."
5. For the reasons set out above, we are not satisfied that the applicant poses a risk to the safety of children. Having regard to the material before us, we are satisfied that it is in the public interest to make the orders sought by the applicant. The applicant wishes to be involved in her daughter's school activities and to be more heavily involved with her church's school programs. To do so requires her to hold a working with children check clearance. The applicant also wishes to return to paid employment and may require a working with children check clearance for relevant administrative positions. We are satisfied that it is in the public interest for a mother to be able to support her daughter by taking part in school-based activities. We are also satisfied that it is in the public interest for a single woman like the applicant to retain community links, including with the church and its children program. We accept that it is in the public interest for the applicant to be in a position to return to paid employment following a period of time being unemployed.
6. We note with concern the significant delay in the resolution of the original application for the working with children check clearance and this subsequent review. We note with approval the advice of the Children's Guardian that upon payment of the requisite fee, the grant of a working with children check clearance enabling the applicant to engage in both paid and voluntary work with children will be able to proceed without any further delay.

Decision

1. For the reasons set out above, we are satisfied that the applicant does not pose a real and appreciable risk to children. We have also decided that a reasonable person would allow his or her child to have direct contact with the applicant that was not directly supervised by another person while the applicant was engaged in child-related work, and that it is in the public interest to make such an order.

Orders

1. The decision of the respondent dated 12 May 2017 to cancel the applicant's working with children check clearance is set aside.
2. In substitution for this decision the following decision is made: the applicant is to be granted a working with children check clearance.

I hereby certify that this is a true and accurate record of the reasons for decision of the Civil and Administrative Tribunal of New South Wales. Registrar DISCLAIMER - Every effort has been made to comply with suppression orders or statutory provisions prohibiting publication that may apply to this judgment or decision. The onus remains on any person using material in the judgment or decision to ensure that the intended use of that material does not breach any such order or provision. Further enquiries may be directed to the Registry of the Court or Tribunal in which it was generated. Decision last updated: 26 February 2020