58 Menzies J and Owen J made similar findings at 555 and 559 respectively. The description by Barwick CJ of the recommendation of the Commonwealth Commission is apposite here; a recommendation made pursuant to s 134(2) of the IR Act is not an award or part of an award nor is it a binding instrument. That the Commission may take into account any failure to comply with a recommendation, makes no material difference to the fact that a recommendation is not an award, the latter which is legally binding on the parties to it (and failure to comply with an award may attract a penalty).
59 It may be seen from the language of s 170VQ that it does not purport to invalidate a State award or State agreement, including one that might otherwise have applied to the employment of an employee who is a party to the AWA. In this respect, it is to be noted that s 152(1) of the WR Act, in relation to the operation of awards, provides in stark contrast:
(1) Subject to this section, if a State law or a State award is inconsistent with, or deals with a matter dealt with in, an award, the latter prevails and the former, to the extent of the inconsistency or in relation to the matter dealt with, is invalid.
60 The predecessor to s 152(1) was s 65 of the Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1904 (Cth), which read as follows:
Where a State law, or an order, award, decision or determination of a State Industrial Authority, is inconsistent with, or deals with a matter dealt with in, an award, the latter prevails and the former, to the extent of the inconsistency or in relation to the matter dealt with, is invalid.