Australian Native Landscapes Pty Ltd v McDonald

Court of Appeal (NSW)|2013-06-20|Before: Bathurst CJ, Beazley P, Hoeben JA

Judgment 1BATHURST CJ: On 19 September 2012 the first respondent (the prosecutor) made an application under s 246 of the Criminal Procedure Act 1986 to commence proceedings against the applicant, alleging that between 17-18 March 2011 the applicant failed to ensure the health, safety and welfare at work of all of its employees, naming three employees in particular, contrary to s 8(1) of the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 (the OH&S Act). 2On 20 September 2012 a judge of the District Court issued a summons ordering the applicant to appear to answer the charges. 3Following the decision of Judge Curtis in Inspector Brock v Empire Waste Pty Ltd [2013] NSWDC 38 (the Empire Waste proceedings), the applicant filed a notice of motion in the District Court seeking orders that the summons of 20 September 2012 be quashed on the basis that the District Court had no jurisdiction to hear the proceedings. The motion was adjourned to enable the applicant to file a summons in this Court seeking similar relief. 4By a summons filed on 3 May 2013 the applicant sought orders quashing the order and summons issued by the second respondent. The sole ground was that the regulations pursuant to which jurisdiction was said to be conferred (the regulations) were ultra vires. 5The proceedings raise the same issue as raised by Ground 1 of the Empire Waste proceedings in this Court which were heard concurrently with this summons. 6I have set out the relevant legislative material in my judgment in those proceedings: Empire Waste Pty Ltd v District Court of New South Wales [2013] NSWCA 394.

(b) The prosecutor 13The prosecutor submitted that it was incorrect to suggest that the regulation purported to transfer jurisdiction to hear prosecutions under the repealed OH&S Act from the Industrial Court to the District Court. The prosecutor stated that the jurisdiction of the Industrial Court depended on s 105(1) of the OH&S Act which was repealed as from 1 January 2012. 14The prosecutor contended that the power to make the regulations was not conferred by the regulation making power in the repealed cl 7(3) of Sch 4 to the WHS Act, but rather, was conferred by the savings and transitional regulation making power in cl 1 of Sch 4. He submitted that this approach was consistent with the proposed national model on which the WHS Act and regulations were based. 15The prosecutor submitted that the following analysis supported validity. First, Parliament had decided to participate in and implement the national model. The scheme was to comprise the nationally agreed legislation with appropriate jurisdictional modifications, along with regulations based on the model regulations. The prosecutor emphasised that part of the scheme was that the District Court rather than the Industrial Court should be the primary court to deal with criminal work health and safety offences. It was ultimately determined that in relation to OH&S offences this could be done by the use of the savings and transitional regulation making power. 16The prosecutor submitted that Willocks supra and Ex parte McGuigan supra were distinguishable as the regulations in those cases were based on a necessary and convenient regulation making power. He submitted that his submissions were not inconsistent with what was said by the High Court in Morton v The Union Steamship Company of New Zealand (1951) 83 CLR 402. He submitted that that case was also concerned with a necessary and convenient regulation making power and that having regard to the provisions of s 229B of the WHS Act, it could not be said that the regulation was departing from particular provisions of the WHS Act. 17The prosecutor also emphasised the distinction drawn in Morton supra between an Act which lays down only a wide area of policy where the regulation making power might have a wide ambit, compared with an Act which deals specifically with the subject matter. He submitted that in the present case the legislature determined to deliberately leave it to regulations to spell out the detail of which courts would deal with alleged offences under the OH&S Act committed prior to its repeal. 18The prosecutor submitted that where a provision is expressed in a form which requires expansion, the necessary and convenient power will provide the means for doing so, and further, in construing the validity of the regulation it is appropriate to consider the regulation making power as part of an overall scheme. 19The prosecutor also submitted that the decision in Peacock supra was distinguishable because it concerned the question of the conferral of federal jurisdiction on State courts, not the introduction of a national model Act and model regulations. He submitted that it was apparent that Parliament intended to vest jurisdiction in the District Court from the legislative history and the nature of the scheme.

Consideration 20As I indicated, the application raises the same issues as were raised in Ground 1 of the application in the Empire Waste proceedings. I have dealt with the submissions of the applicant in my consideration of that ground. 21For the reasons given in the Empire Waste proceedings, I am of the opinion that the application should be dismissed with costs. 22BEAZLEY P: I agree with Bathurst CJ. 23HOEBEN JA: I agree with Bathurst CJ.

DISCLAIMER - Every effort has been made to comply with suppression orders or statutory provisions prohibiting publication that may apply to this judgment or decision. The onus remains on any person using material in the judgment or decision to ensure that the intended use of that material does not breach any such order or provision. Further enquiries may be directed to the Registry of the Court or Tribunal in which it was generated. Decision last updated: 27 November 2013

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