Al Ali v Canterbury-Bankstown Council

The site and setting

1. The site is legally described as Lot 2 in DP 314036 and is occupied by a single storey dwelling with driveway access to a garage at the rear of the dwelling. The site survey at Exhibit D shows the site is generally oriented east - west, with a frontage of 12.19m to Wangee Road, a depth of 68.125m on the northern and southern boundaries and a total site area of 830.6m². The site has a fall of approximately 2.35m from the south-east towards the north-west corner, away from Wangee Road. It is devoid of significant vegetation.
2. The site is on the western side of Wangee Road, between Yangoora Road and Punchbowl Road. The northern boundary adjoins a two storey town house complex. The southern boundary adjoins a three storey residential flat building with open stand parking at the rear. Immediately to the south of this block of units is the Hampden Park Public School. The rear boundary adjoins the rear parking areas associated with a two storey residential flat building fronting Hampden Road. On the eastern side of Wangee Road approximately 200m to the north-east of the site is the Lakemba Mosque. Generally the locality is characterised by a mixture of medium density residential accommodation comprising two to three storey residential flat buildings, particularly to the west on Hampden Road and along Wangee Road, with some two storey town houses and some one to two storey dwelling houses.
3. The site is approximately 800m from the Lakemba train station and the shopping area along Haldon Street.

The site inspection

1. The hearing commenced with a site view. The Court was able to obtain access to the site and view the adjoining development from there. An appreciation of the context was gained from walking along both sides of Wangee Road from the school to the drainage line to the north of the Mosque.

Lay submissions

1. A list of objectors was provided as part of the Council's Bundle of Documents at Exhibit 6, indicating that there were 9 submissions received after notification of the DA and with issues of concern including: overshadowing, district and Mosque views, noise, parking, traffic, pedestrian safety (especially for school children), social impacts and flooding. Two objectors, both of whom had provided written submissions previously, also provided oral submissions at the site inspection reiterating these concerns.

State Environmental Planning Policy (Affordable Rental Housing) 2009

1. There is no dispute that the provisions of Division 3 of SEPP ARH apply to the site. Certain bonus floor space provisions apply and certain development standards are in place under this planning instrument, and are considered relevantly below.

• Canterbury Local Environmental Plan 2012

1. The site falls within Zone R4 - High Density Residential in Canterbury Local Environmental Plan 2012 (CLEP). Boarding houses are nominated as permissible with consent in the zone.
2. CLEP controls of relevance to the assessment of the proposal include:

• cl 4.3(2) which relates to height - a maximum height of 8.5m applies to the site, with which the proposal complies
• cl 4.4(2) which relates to floor space ratio (FSR) - there is a maximum FSR of 0.75:1 according to CLEP; but SEPP ARH introduces "bonus" FSR provisions which, it is agreed, would allow an FSR of 1.25:1 on the site. The proposal's FSR is 0.82:1 which complies comfortably with applicable FSR provisions.

1. Council has recently exhibited what it calls its draft Boarding House LEP. This proposal, and the weight which might be afforded it, is the first "issue" under consideration below.
2. The Canterbury Development Control Plan 2012 (CDCP) does not currently contain any controls specific to boarding houses. A proposed amendment to CDCP that introduces controls for boarding houses was exhibited along with the planning proposal referred to below.

Weight to proposed environmental planning instrument

1. Following the preparation of a "planning proposal" application and the authorised delegate's supportive "gateway determination" (under s 3.34(2) of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EPA Act)), and in accordance with the determination's directions, Council has recently exhibited what it calls its draft Boarding House LEP. The associated planning proposal documentation indicates underlying aims and proposed particulars of what would, with gazettal, form a further amendment to CLEP.
2. The objectives or intended outcomes of the planning proposal can be seen from the Council documentation as twofold (Exhibit 6, behind Tab 4): 1. to harmonise, as far as boarding house development is concerned, the controls of the former Canterbury and Bankstown Councils (noting these former Councils are now amalgamated into Canterbury-Bankstown Council but nonetheless continue to rely, in the main, on the previously applicable planning controls) 2. to minimise likely adverse impacts of boarding houses on the amenity of the area and neighbouring properties, and to therefore stop what has been seen to be "poor planning outcomes".
3. The intention seems to be to have certain of the provisions relating to boarding house development, currently contained in Bankstown Local Environmental Plan 2015 (BLEP) at cl 4.1B, included in CLEP. The following specifics, in regard to changes to CLEP, are mentioned in the planning proposal documentation (ibid):

• The following objective would be introduced: "When an existing lot is inadequate in terms of its area or width - to require the consolidation of 2 or more lots."
• A table would be introduced as shown below.

1. Under s 4.15(1)(ii) of the EPA Act, when determining a development application, a consent authority is to take into consideration the provisions of: any proposed instrument that is or has been the subject of public consultation under this Act and that has been notified to the consent authority…
2. A question before the hearing is the weight which might be given to the proposed instrument in this instance. There is a line of authorities which indicate weight is to be accorded in accordance with "certainty and imminence" (see eg Terrace Tower Holdings Pty Limited v Sutherland Shire Council [2003] NSWCA 289 (Terrace Tower) and Blackmore Design Group Pty Ltd v North Sydney Council [2001] NSWLEC 279).

Council's position

1. Council's position in regard to why the proposed instrument must be considered certain and imminent can be summarised as follows:

• The planning proposal has already run through a significant process leading to the gateway determination.
• The gateway pre-conditions concerned with providing "further analysis and justification to support the proposal" had been addressed to the point that the sign-off was provided to indicate satisfaction (Exhibit 9).
• Public exhibition has concluded relevant to s 4.15(1)(ii) of the EPA Act.
• The objections received to the public notification should not be seen as unexpected or having significant weight as Council had notified 23 properties which were currently sites for development applications for boarding houses (Council advised that 8 public submissions had been received from the notification with 7 of these submissions in opposition to the proposals).
• Council remained on-track to achieve the timeline indicated in the planning proposal, which would have the documentation back to the Department of Planning and Environment (DPE) by March 2019. The timeline suggests the "making of the plan" in May 2019, although DPE suggests that 8 weeks be allowed for finalisation of the plan in DPE (Exhibit 6, Folio 384).

1. Council also argued that the draft DCP, which formed part of the public notification bundle for the planning proposal, should also be considered under public interest provisions, given this certainty and imminence.

Applicant's position

1. The submission from the applicant can be summarised as follows:

• Draft LEP was not certain as it undermined the zone objectives of CLEP, and thus was against CLEP; in that sense it could not have significant weight.
• There is a lack of clarity in regard to the strategic intent of the proposed changes.
• What Council is trying to achieve with its draft instrument (site amalgamation for any boarding house development) is not capable of being achieved on this site.

1. Our findings below address further particulars of the submissions from the applicant on this issue.

Findings on weight to proposed planning instrument

1. With partial (only) similarities to the findings of Pearlman J in Architects Haywood and Bakker Pty Ltd v North Sydney Council [2000] NSWLEC 138 at [33], we have a good degree of conviction that there will (in due course) be an alignment of the boarding house numerical controls applying in CLEP and BLEP. All other things being equal, this makes sense given the Council amalgamations. It is also our view that, given the gateway determination and other steps to date, this aligning is likely to have the effect of CLEP adopting the boarding house numerical controls applying in BLEP. That is to say there is some degree of sureness that future lot width and area numerical controls for boarding houses will apply in CLEP as indicated in the planning proposal.
2. There are two more obvious moderating factors in regard to the actual certainty of the inclusion of the proposed numerical controls in CLEP. First is the fact that Council's request to be the local-plan making authority (to finalise the LEP changes itself) was not agreed by the gateway delegate. The reason given was "potential implications for state housing policy and affordability" (Exhibit 6 Folio 384). The second is in regard to the submissions from objectors which need consideration both by Council and by the local plan making authority.
3. But other uncertainties also suggest themselves to us in regard to the planning proposal. One is an underpinning factor and is in regard to the particulars of the future LEP provisions. In Terrace Tower, there was considerable emphasis given to the question of the purpose of the proposed LEP changes. The notion is that the purpose of the changes should be weighed against the proposed development to see if it is significantly undermining that purpose or objective (see Terrace Tower at [7]): "Where a draft instrument seeks to preserve the character of a particular neighbourhood, that purpose will be entitled to considerable weight in deciding whether or not to reject a development under the pre-existing instrument, which would in a substantial way undermine that objective."
4. Modern LEPs would typically include the objective of an LEP development standard within the LEP itself. We agree with Mr Pickles SC that there is an oddness to the nominated (statutory, or LEP-specific) objective underpinning the intended development standard, with its reference to a procedural requirement (site amalgamation); when, the planning (or outcome) objective (as referenced in the planning proposal) seems more concerned with local character and amenity concerns. We also note that the gateway determination references the need for further drafting of the particulars of the LEP before finalisation (Exhibit 6 Folio 389).
5. While it was naturally appropriate for Mr Cotton to pursue a line of questioning with Mr Kennan (planning expert for the applicant) directly aligned with the nominated (statutory, or LEP-specific) objective of the planning proposal (ie the practicality of amalgamation), for us this also highlighted what seemed to be an incompleteness to the provisions as drafted.
6. On the point of certainty, and mindful of Terrace Tower, we do not feel we are in a position to give determinative weight to the purpose of the intended LEP provisions because: (1) the objective as currently drafted is primarily procedural, and gives nothing of weight to "weigh" the proposal as it stands against (see Terrace Tower [7]), and (2) it is too much for us to assume the final content of what might be a recast set of objectives to the intended development standards (ie one more focused on the planning outcomes that lot consolidation purports to achieve).
7. Turning to the question of imminence, it is not clear to us, including mindful of the above comments, that there is a clear pathway for the finalisation of explicit LEP content to bring about the changes. Of potential relevance, Mr Pickles noted that the State government was moving into caretaker mode at the time of the hearing, with the election date of 23 March 2019.
8. Our overall conclusion is that there is something less than full certainty in regard to LEP provisions and that the imminence of the LEP is also in question. We cannot give the proposed changes determinative weight. That is not to say no weight at all is attributable. In the merits analysis which follows, the amenity and character issues which seem to be behind the proposed LEP changes are given attention.

Draft DCP

1. The draft DCP is not a matter for consideration in the evaluation of this DA under s 4.15(1) of the EPA Act. It will be noted that the side setback controls of the DCP are given attention in the analysis of merits consideration below, with a mind to the coverage of this issue in the evidence, and the public interest considerations raised by Council.

Character compatibility, including amenity impacts

1. The question of character compatibility was given considerable attention in the evidence. SEPP ARH and the application's response to it (compliance with various development standards) removes the need for assessment of certain issues. But this question of character requires direct attention as a consequence of the SEPP itself, with provisions at cl 30A as follows: A consent authority must not consent to development to which this Division applies unless it has taken into consideration whether the design of the development is compatible with the character of the local area.
2. Council argues that the proposal is not compatible with the character of the local area. A factor in Council's argument is that "character", as far as cl 30A of the SEPP is concerned, is that which is desired for the locality into the future. Council's planning expert (Ms Porter) noted in the joint expert report (Exhibit 2, p12) and in oral evidence that the proposed changes to the LEP and DCP can bring about development in-character with the local area. The argument was (ibid): "… it is important that new redevelopment not continue the undesirable elements of planning controls from decades past, and are reflective of current and future controls."
3. In that sense, according to Ms Porter's evidence, the proposal was seen to not meet the proposed controls for boarding houses in the exhibited draft CDCP amendment in regard to: (1) side setback controls (requirements of 4m - proposed at 2m-2.5m), (2) building depth controls (requirement of 25m max - proposed at 56m on the ground floor with 24m on the first storey per block), (3) landscaping and deep soil controls (requirement for 2m landscape strip along the side setbacks and a deep soil setback of 5m along the front and rear boundaries - the proposed basement and 12.19m lot width prevents deep soil along the side boundaries; although 5m deep soil is possible within the 6.0m front setback (except for driveway and pedestrian path) and the 6.0m rear setback.
4. Ms Porter explained the intentions of these controls in terms of local character. The controls were seeking to: "…to establish the desired spatial proportions of the street and define the street edge; limit the scale and bulk of development by retaining landscaped open space around; and provide sufficient separation between buildings as sought by the draft planning controls. These objectives seek to 'establish' the 'desired' spatial proportions. They do not seek to emulate past development or undesirable aspects."
5. Mr Kennan held the view that the proposal was highly compatible with the character of the local area. He pointed to the very mixed nature of the built form in the local area, and went through a series of developments fronting Wangee Road, near the site, and how they would not comply with the setback and landscape requirements of the proposed controls. He also noted that when defining character of the area it was necessary to consider land near the site fronting Wangee Road, but also development immediately to the rear of the site fronting Hampden Road which he said had mostly hardstand in unbuilt upon areas and very little vegetation.
6. Mr Kennan believed that it was "unreasonable to argue that the development could only be consistent with the streetscape and local character if it was developed in accordance with the Council's draft boarding house controls" and to require development in accordance with the draft controls "would result in a development which is inconsistent with the predominate (sic) built form and, hence, the character of the locality" (Exhibit 2, p16).
7. The questions which arise when considering character compatibility and local impacts often have points of commonality. Before coming to conclusions on character we consider the evidence on neighbour amenity impacts.
8. Council's contentions raised concerns in regard to maintaining reasonable levels of privacy to adjoining residents, and the provision of adequate solar access, again, to adjoining properties. But the evidence from the planning experts is that the contentions relating to the amenity of adjoining properties have essentially been addressed by way of further information and amendments to landscaping arrangements.

Findings in regard to character compatibility and neighbour amenity impacts

1. The experts generally agreed on what constitutes the existing character of the locality. It is a locality with mixed land use, consisting of residential flat buildings, other medium density housing, detached dwellings, a school, and a mosque.
2. Relevantly, the south-western side of Wangee Road (the same side as the subject site) is generally built out with 2-3 storey development, including residential flat buildings and a townhouse development. The immediate site environs is represented in one of the DA drawings (entitled 'Streetscape Analysis' and referenced as drawing number A1050 Issue E). It is reproduced in part below.
3. It is accepted by both planning experts that the proposed development is consistent with the existing character (eg see Exhibit 2 para 76). The question arises as to what extent desired future character should be a consideration here.
4. The likely future character can be seen as having some relevance in determining the "character" of the local area under cl 30A of SEPP ARH. That is to say previous judgements of the Court have not confined "character" under cl 30A, necessarily, to the existing character (see for example Steel v Liverpool City Council [2019] NSWLEC 1049 at [33]).
5. We also note that in the Court's planning principle in regard to "compatibility of (a) proposal with surrounding development" (Project Venture Developments v Pittwater Council [2005] NSWLEC 191 (Project Venture)), then Senior Commissioner Roseth found with respect to the matter before him (at [23]): "There are situations where the planning controls envisage a change of character, in which case compatibility with the future character is more appropriate than with the existing."
6. We note that this planning principle was not directly concerned with the matters raised with cl 30A in SEPP ARH. But when we turn to the question of an "envisaged" change in character for this local area, we note the agreement from Council's planning expert that there were no significant incentives for change in the R4 zone in the generally "built-up" site environs, at least in the site near environs, and that in turn little change in character can be expected in this area in the foreseeable future.
7. So, we agree with Mr Pickles' submissions that existing and likely future character of the local area would largely line up in this case. Both can be understood from the planning regime which applies. This includes consideration of the R4 zone objectives, which are as follows: • To provide for the housing needs of the community within a high density residential environment. • To provide a variety of housing types within a high density residential environment. • To enable other land uses that provide facilities or services to meet the day to day needs of residents.
8. Permissible land uses and height and floor space controls are also useful in gaining an understanding of anticipated or planned future character. In this instance, it is notable that the proposal: (1) aligns well with zone objectives, (2) meets the height controls, and (3) only marginally exceeds CLEP's FSR controls and is well within the FSR controls when the applicable bonus under SEPP ARH is applied.
9. This allows us to make a preliminary conclusion that the proposal can be considered as compatible with the existing and likely future character given its consistency with and/or compliance with existing character and planning regime.
10. The planning principle in Project Venture allows us to scrutinise the compatibility question further against the evidence. Project Venture at [24]-[29] raises two questions. First is whether "(a) proposal's physical impacts on surrounding development (are) acceptable". While we accept Ms Porter's view that a more pleasant environment would be evident if there were substantial landscaping along both side boundaries (as a consequence of deep soil zones on the site), such landscaping would be something outside the local character. We find that the evidence, as given, is favourable on the question of physical impacts (including privacy and solar access and landscaping given the site constraints - see [39] above).
11. The second question (under Project Venture), is whether "(a) proposal's appearance (is) in harmony with the buildings around it and the character of the street". We accept the evidence of Mr Kennan that the proposal has good levels of visual compatibility and this is to an extent demonstrated visually in Figure 1 (at [41] above). Ms Porter referenced the fact that there was a greater side setback within the townhouse development (north-west of the site). Ms Porter argued that side setbacks in accordance with the proposed DCP controls would be more in harmony in visual terms. In our view this setback difference (proposed development 2.5m vs existing setbacks of around 3m-4m according to Ms Porter, or occasionally less according to Mr Kennan), is not significant in terms of the visual character of the street.
12. In regard to the exhibited draft DCP provisions, and Ms Porter's explanations of the intended future improved outcomes in terms of amenity and streetscape, as discussed above, at [31], we cannot give significant weight in this instance.
13. On the basis of the above, we conclude that the proposal is satisfactory in regard to both character compatibility and neighbour amenity impact.

Parking

1. Relevantly, cl 29(2)(e) of the SEPP ARH provides that a consent authority must not refuse consent to boarding house development on parking grounds if: … (iia) in the case of development not carried out by or on behalf of a social housing provider - at least 0.5 parking spaces are provided for each boarding room, and (iii) in the case of any development - not more than 1 parking space is provided for each person employed in connection with the development and who is resident on site …
2. The proposal provides for 23 boarding rooms and 1 room for the resident site manager. The application provides for 11 parking spaces, although there are subtleties around this aspect.
3. First it needs to be noted that the parking accessway is shown on the plans, relevantly, as 5.99m in width. The experts indicated that the Australian Standards AS/NZS 2890.1:2004 Parking facilities Part 1: Off-street car parking (AS 2890.1) requires a 6.1m wide accessway in instances like this where the accessway is one-sided (ie parking on one side only). This constitutes 5.8m plus an additional 0.3m for greater clearance purposes (replacing the increased flexibility available with two-sided accessways). Second an individual parking space width of 2.4m is acceptable for boarding house development, where accessways comply with the minimum widths referred to (other than adjacent to a solid side wall). However a 2.7m parking space width gives some greater turning flexibility or convenience for drivers.
4. Back to the particulars of this case, the applicant submitted two basement parking plans. The application (Exhibit A - Sheet A1201) provides for 11 spaces generally at 2.7m parking space widths (with the exception of the two spaces allocated for people with a disability which are 2.4m wide, but with an additional 2.4m "shared area").
5. A second plan (Exhibit B) provides for 12 parking spaces each with a width of 2.4m. Mr Pickles for the applicant indicated his recommendation that Exhibit B was "preferable" and was clear, in his respectful request, that the Court consider both options in its deliberations.
6. The preference of Council's traffic expert (Mr Kuntz) in terms of convenience to users was for the wider spaces (ie Exhibit A which provides for 11 parking spaces). Mr Kuntz emphasised that all drivers do not have the same level of ability to park in narrower spaces.
7. In his final submissions, Mr Cotton pointed to Mr Kuntz's position, and the implications that followed. That is, that this "preferred" arrangement would be a non-compliance with the "do not refuse" standards contained at cl 29(2)(e) of SEPP ARH, and that this was not a defensible position given the problems with the scarcity of local street parking.
8. The applicant's traffic expert (Mr Corbett) felt that the 0.11m non-compliance of the accessway width (a "1.8% deficiency") was well within acceptable tolerances and "would not impact the operational safety or efficiency of the car parking spaces". Mr Corbett indicated: "AS 2890 Standards "cannot be taken as a textbook", as is stated in the Foreword of AS 2890.1."
9. Mr Corbett's evidence was based on the 12 parking space plans but he indicated that: "… the provision of 11 car parking spaces to be acceptable in this instance given that the development would likely generate reduced car parking demands noting that the site benefits from good access to public transport services, being within 700m of Lakemba Railway Station and 400m of bus services which operate along Punchbowl Road and Yerrick Road."

Findings in regard to parking

1. While we acknowledge Mr Cotton's submissions in regard to the preference for 11 car parking spaces on "engineering grounds". In our view, and when one considers the overall setting (including both the, often, poor availability of on-street parking and the geometry of the proposed parking), it is the 12 car parking space arrangement that is preferred overall (ie Exhibit B arrangement).
2. Here we do have a mind to Mr Kuntz's view on the fact that more convenience for parking will make it easier for patrons to use it and thus less likely to park in the street. However, four factors sway us to the view that, on balance, the proposed 12 space arrangement is of itself satisfactory. First we give weight to Mr Corbett's comments in regard to AS 2890.1, and its standards having some sense of tolerance within them. Second we note the quite small non-compliance with the accessway width standard (around 1.8%). Third we acknowledge the local setting with, as we say, its limited street parking situation. That is to say, and given the above, it is reasonable to accept the position that residents living in higher density areas are more used to tighter parking conditions than say lower density settings where parking is more generous. Fourth we acknowledge that public transport is readily available if not within very convenient walking distance.
3. There was some evidence in Court, in the form of vehicle swept path diagrams produced by Mr Corbett, showing that smaller vehicles for the two most constrained spaces (spaces numbered 4 and 11 on the basement plan Exhibit C) would have more capacity to negotiate the turning movements required given the basement parking geometry. There was some consideration of the allocation, and marking, of parking spaces for small vehicles. This was not favoured by Mr Kuntz, who indicated this was not something Council was used to doing, and that he was not confident of compliance. In our view there is no necessity to make provision for this in the consent conditions. But rather this would be expected as the type of matter taken up as a management consideration (if not directly within the Plan of Management itself), naturally by the manager, as a means of assisting residents, but without the need for formal oversight by way of development consent conditions.

Street frontage landscaping

1. Clause 29(2)(b) of SEPP ARH provides as follows: (2) A consent authority must not refuse consent to development to which this Division applies on any of the following grounds: … (b) landscaped area if the landscape treatment of the front setback area is compatible with the streetscape in which the building is located …
2. An updated Landscape Plan, including planting details, prepared by Conzept Landscape Architects and dated February 2019 was provided at Exhibit N. The 6m front boundary setback includes a variety of planting within the deep soil area not occupied by the vehicular driveway and accessway for pedestrians and to the street level bin storage area. That planting, includes two Tuckeroo trees. The existing Callistemon street tree will be retained. No evidence was provided by landscaping experts, although the joint report of the planning experts (Exhibit 2, par 134) does indicate that the contention in regard to the adequacy of the front setback landscaping has been satisfied.
3. In terms of its landscape qualities, the existing streetscape is characterised by low fences or walls and driveway crossings, with limited tree or other shrub planting and some lawn areas in the front setbacks. The proposed landscape treatment of the front setback is compatible with the existing landscape character. Mindful of the provisions of cl 29(2)(b) of SEPP ARH, refusal of the application on the grounds of landscape treatment of the front setback area is not available.

Solar access

1. Relevantly, cl 29(2) of the SEPP ARH provides as follows: (2) A consent authority must not refuse consent to development to which this Division applies on any of the following grounds: … (c) solar access where the development provides for one or more communal living rooms, if at least one of those rooms receives a minimum of 3 hours direct sunlight between 9am and 3pm in mid-winter, …
2. The extent of solar access to the communal living room is illustrated in the 3D solar access diagrams provided in evidence by Ghazi Al Ali Architects at Exhibit M. Those diagrams show the amount of sunlight to the pairs of sliding doors of the communal room (one on the north elevation and one on the west elevation), the interior of the room and the associated outdoor space at 30 minute intervals between the four hour period 11:00 am and 3:00pm on 21 June.
3. This demonstrates that this room will receive at least 3 hours of sunlight in mid-winter. For the most part, the amount of sunlight in the room is moderate, although at the extremities of the 4 hour time period referred to, the quantum of sunlight inside the room will be modest. In any event, in The Benevolent Society v Waverley Council [2010] NSWLEC 1082 (at [144], bullet point 4) then Senior Commissioner Moore found: "For a window, door or glass wall to be assessed as being in sunlight, regard should be had not only to the proportion of the glazed area in sunlight but also to the size of the glazed area itself. Strict mathematical formulae are not always an appropriate measure of solar amenity. For larger glazed areas, adequate solar amenity in the built space behind may be achieved by the sun falling on comparatively modest portions of the glazed area."
4. Accordingly, we do not consider there are sufficient grounds to refuse the application on the basis of inadequate solar access to the communal living room.

Disputed condition in regard to potential noise nuisance

1. Without prejudice conditions were tendered in the proceedings. The parties were generally in agreement, with the exception of one condition which Council pressed and with which the applicant disagreed. It provides as follows: "The proposed use of the premises and/or machinery equipment installed must not create noise so as to interfere with the amenity of the neighbourhood. If a noise nuisance occurs, the person in control of the premises must arrange for an acoustic investigation to be carried out (by an accredited Acoustic Engineer), obtain Council concurrence for the recommendations of the Consultant, and implement those recommendations so as to reduce the noise levels to the ambient noise level. The acoustic assessment must be completed within 30 days from the date requested by Council."
2. Our conclusion is to agree with the applicant's position that the condition is unreasonable. It could often be the case that a formal acoustic study was simply impractical and not warranted were a noise nuisance event to occur. We also agree that the planning and local government systems already provide for enforcement provisions which enable a council to use its orders powers to require appropriate action responsive to the particular circumstances at hand. Other conditions are also included which are intended to manage potential noise problems and provide for responsive site management. We note in particular Condition 36 which requires the operator to provide neighbouring properties in a 400m radius of the site with a 24-hour telephone contact number to be used for the registering of complaints. An abbreviated form of the original is provided at Condition 49 which addresses the principle raised by Council.

Whether amendments "minor"

1. Upon the determination that the Court would grant leave for the applicant to rely on amended plans, the Council sought orders for the payment of costs thrown away as a result of the amendments. The applicant did not agree that a costs order should be made.
2. Section 8.18(3) of the EPA Act makes provisions in regard to costs of this kind: If the Court on an appeal by an applicant under this Division allows the applicant to file an amended application for development consent (other than to make a minor amendment), the Court must make an order for the payment by the applicant of those costs of the consent authority that have been thrown away as a result of the amendment of the application for development consent.
3. Mr Cotton submitted that the amendments were not minor and had occupied significant Council time. It was the Version D plans which were considered in the expert reports, and the plans before the Court were now Version F in regard to some plans (and Version G if the Exhibit B basement plans were considered). There were significant changes to the sewer line details and basement layout, requiring particular re-examination by engineers and meaningful changes to expert evidence. It was suggested that while individual particulars may be interpreted as minor, cumulatively the changes were more than minor.
4. Mr Pickles submitted that the changes were minor, indicating they were limited to changes to the level of the sewer line and parking; and that there were "no ramifications" for anything above ground. A significant change to the level of the sewer was not the test according to Mr Pickles. No additional written reports were required.
5. The following points can be made in regard to this contested issue:

• Section 8.18(3) of the EPA Act requires costs to be ordered other than in instances of a "minor amendment". That is, to say there is no discretion available to the Court here.
• The statute does not define the term "minor" and the onus is on the applicant to show that the amendments are minor (S J Connelly Pty Ltd v Ballina Shire Council [2010] NSWLEC 167 at [5]-[6].

1. Pepper J in Futurespace Pty Ltd v Ku-ring-gai Council [2009] NSWLEC 153 considered this issue and determined (at [42]) eight guiding principles. While determining that the question of what is a minor amendment is a matter of fact and degree, the principles point to considerations such as: the cumulative or overall effect in context, whether a significant re-assessment was required; and that merely because the amendments are responsive to issues raised by the council or narrow the issues in contention, is not relevant to the determination of whether amendments are minor.
2. The parties pointed to two more notable amendments: (1) identification of RLs for the sewer main, which passed through the site, resulted in lowering of the basement parking levels and introduction of new grade lines for the accessway, and (2) the access ramps and parking arrangements were modified to allow for 11 parking spaces and the basement changes, as introduced above. The list of amendments prepared by Ghazi Al Ali Architects, and attached to Exhibit A, referenced various other points including: (1) removal of the office (at the front ground level of the building) which resulted in other changes including for waste storage, (2) increases to landscape areas, (3) relocation of bike and motorbike parking, (4) planter boxes along the northern boundary and (5) aligned changes to fire stairs and the like.
3. A consideration here is what might be the reasonable points of comparison in regard to the amendments. I have adopted the suggestion of Mr Cotton. The expert planners' report indicates that the conferencing commenced with the Revision D plans (which, as a kind of "marker", included the front office). But it is apparent that by the conclusion of the conferencing the Revision E plans were under consideration by the experts (with the office removed etc) and provided at Annexure A to that report. Such changes, and as evidenced in the architect's list, were clearly significant to this proposal; that is, contextually. The changes, mindful of the inter-relationships that come into play, involved dialogue and assessment which involved more than matters of detail, or box ticking, which might be accorded to minor amendments.
4. For these reasons we are satisfied that the amendments are not minor and that the Applicant is to pay those costs of the Council that have been thrown away as a result, in accordance with the provisions of s 8.15(3) of the EPA Act.

Conclusion

1. Having regard to current planning provisions applicable to this proposal and the degree of uncertainty as to the content and timing of the proposed new boarding house provisions, we are satisfied that, with the design changes incorporated in the plans now before the Court, consent can be granted to the application in accordance with the agreed conditions, based on the Exhibit B basement plans.

Orders

1. The orders of the Court are: 1. Leave is granted to rely on amended plans listed in Annexure A. 2. The Applicant is to pay the Respondent's costs in accordance with section 8.15(3) of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, as agreed or assessed. 3. The appeal is upheld. 4. Development Application No DA394/2017 for demolition of existing structures and construction of a two storey boarding house comprising 23 boarding rooms, one communal room and one manager's room, and associated works, at 62 Wangee Road, Lakemba, is approved subject to the conditions of consent at Annexure A. 5. The exhibits, other than Exhibits 1, 2, A, B and H, are returned.

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