© 2026 Zoe. All rights reserved.
Zoe is a legal information platform. Always consult the Federal Register of Legislation for authoritative text.
[2009] VSCA 24
Court of Appeal (Vic)
2008-12-05
BUCHANAN, NETTLE and DODDS-STREETON JJA
Original judgment source is linked above.
INSURANCE - Life assurance - Prosperity Bonds - Premiums and earnings invested in portfolios of assets divided into units - Policyholders entitled to switch between portfolios - Arbitrage profits gained by switching with the benefit of hindsight - Insurer prevented arbitraging by changing from historic to forward pricing of units - Contract - Interpretation - Plain and ordinary meaning - Clause of Prosperity Bonds entitling investor to switch investment between 'Cash Portfolio' and 'Secure Portfolio' on three days' notice to life company - Upon its proper construction, clause did not entitle life company to complete switch before the expiration of notice - Short selling - Upon its proper construction, clause did not entitle investor to switch amount from one portfolio to another unless amount in hand at time of giving notice - Buy/sell price - Upon its proper construction, clause referred to both buying price and selling price of units in portfolios - Historical pricing - Express terms of Prosperity Bond entitling life company to switch from historical pricing to forward pricing - Deduced terms - Implied terms - Alleged deduced terms and implied terms inconsistent with express terms of Prosperity Bonds - No deduced terms or implied terms of Prosperity Bond preventing change from historical pricing to forward pricing - Daily pricing - No express or implied term of Prosperity Bond requiring life company to publish unit prices daily - Agency - Whether third parties insurance intermediaries within meaning of (Cth) - Whether life company bound by representations of insurance intermediaries as to continuation of historical pricing - Any such representations inconsistent with express terms of Prosperity Bond and therefore not binding - Dilution - No implied term that life company would add sufficient funds to portfolios to enable investors to continue to arbitrage between portfolios at a profit - Segregation - No express or implied term of Prosperity Bonds prohibiting life company from segregating investors funds from the funds of other policy holders - No entitling investors to complain of breach of contract as between life company and other policy holders - ; referred to - Estoppel - Equitable estoppel - Minimum equity - Minimum equity not exceeding any detriment suffered - Appeal allowed in part.
Eakin McCaffery Cox (Victorian Agents Oakley Thompson & Co Solicitors)
2 It is now further ordered and declared as follows:
a) The plaintiffs' claims for a declaration that the defendant failed to act in the utmost good faith towards the plaintiffs is dismissed.
b) The plaintiffs' claims for orders that the defendant specifically perform the Prosperity Bond policies in accordance with the terms alleged by the plaintiffs is dismissed.
c) The plaintiffs' claims for orders that the defendant recalculate and maintain account balances of the plaintiffs' policies by giving effect to notices of intention to switch and cancellations of those notices after 16 October 2000 is dismissed.
d) The plaintiffs' claims for rectification of clause 1.8 of each plaintiff's policy and the Undertakings/Special Agreements letter to reflect the 21 June 1999 and No Advice letters is dismissed.
e) The plaintiffs' claim that the defendant repudiated the Prosperity Bond policies is dismissed.
a) Whether the defendant committed any and what breach or breaches of clause 1.8 of the plaintiffs' Prosperity Bond policies.
b) In the case of any breach of clause 1.8, whether the plaintiff in question is entitled to damages for breach of contract in respect of the breach and, if so, the amount of those damages;
c) In the case of any breach of clause 1.8, whether the plaintiff in question is entitled to damages in lieu of specific performance in respect of the breach and, if so, the amount of those damages.
a) determine in light of the evidence already adduced whether it is just and appropriate for the parties to be permitted to adduce any further evidence or should be confined to that already adduced;
b) determine whether any question should be referred to a special referee for decision or opinion and, if so, may refer the question accordingly.
ACN 074 971 109 (as trustee for the Argot Unit Trust) & Anor
The National Mutual Life Association of Australasia Limited
(1987) 165 CLR 107