{"id":"young-offenders-custodial-officers-drug-and-alcohol-testing-regulations-2016","name":"Young Offenders (Custodial Officers Drug and Alcohol Testing) Regulations 2016","slug":"young-offenders-custodial-officers-drug-and-alcohol-testing-regulations-2016","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"wa","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":184049,"registerId":"wa-young-offenders-custodial-officers-drug-and-alcohol-testing-regulations-2016-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-05","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Young Offenders (Custodial Officers Drug and Alcohol Testing) Regulations 2016","content":"![Crest]()Western Australia\n\nYoung Offenders Act 1994\n\nYoung Offenders (Custodial Officers Drug and Alcohol Testing) Regulations 2016\n\nWestern Australia\n\nYoung Offenders (Custodial Officers Drug and Alcohol Testing) Regulations 2016\n\nContents\n\nPart 1 — Preliminary\n\n1. Citation 1\n\n2. Commencement 1\n\n3. Terms used 1\n\n4. Application of these regulations 4\n\n5. Publication of approved persons 5\n\n6. Approved persons 5\n\n7. Approved sample collectors 5\n\n8. Approved analysts 6\n\n9. When testing may be carried out: random 6\n\n10. When testing may be carried out: targeted 6\n\n11. When testing may be carried out: mandated 7\n\n12. Chief executive officer may declare drugs or substances to be targeted drugs 8\n\n13. Chief executive officer may declare substances to be masking agents 8\n\n14. Chief executive officer may approve collection procedures for alcohol and drug testing 8\n\nPart 2 — Testing for alcohol\n\n15. Requirement to submit sample of breath for preliminary analysis 10\n\n16. Requirement to confirm identity 10\n\n17. Requirement to submit further sample of breath 11\n\n18. Breath analysis form to be completed 11\n\n19. Requirement to submit sample of blood or urine under certain circumstances 12\n\n20. Incapacity to provide sample 12\n\nPart 3 — Testing for drugs\n\n21. Requirement to submit sample for drug testing 13\n\n22. Requirement to confirm identity 13\n\n23. Incapacity to provide sample 14\n\n24. Opportunity to explain a presumptive positive test result for drugs 14\n\n25. Requirement to submit further sample for drug testing 15\n\n26. Drug analyst to report result to chief executive officer 15\n\nPart 4 — Recall to, and remaining on, duty\n\nDivision 1 — Critical incident\n\n27. Remain on duty: alcohol and drug testing 16\n\n28. Recall to duty: drug testing 16\n\n29. Recall to duty: alcohol testing 16\n\nDivision 2 — Other testing\n\n30. Remain on duty: alcohol and drug testing 17\n\n31. Recall to duty: drug testing 17\n\nPart 5 — Self reporting\n\n32. Involuntary or accidental alcohol consumption 18\n\n33. Involuntary or accidental drug ingestion 18\n\nPart 6 — Adverse test results\n\n34. Adverse testing outcome: alcohol 19\n\n35. Adverse testing outcome: drugs 20\n\n36. Independent testing 20\n\n37. Consequences of an adverse testing outcome: alcohol 20\n\n38. Consequences of an adverse testing outcome: drugs 21\n\nPart 7 — Other offences\n\n39. Refusal 23\n\n40. Avoidance 23\n\n41. Tampering 24\n\n42. Sanction for offences 24\n\nSchedule 1 — Forms\n\nNotes\n\nCompilation table 28\n\nDefined terms\n\n  \n\nYoung Offenders Act 1994\n\nYoung Offenders (Custodial Officers Drug and Alcohol Testing) Regulations 2016\n\n## Part 1 — Preliminary\n\n##### 1. Citation\n\n\t\tThese regulations are the *Young Offenders (Custodial Officers Drug and Alcohol Testing) Regulations 2016*.\n\n##### 2. Commencement\n\nThese regulations come into operation as follows —\n\n(a) regulations 1 and 2 — on the day on which these regulations are published in the *Gazette*;\n\n(b) the rest of the regulations — on the day after that day.\n\n##### 3. Terms used\n\nIn these regulations —\n\nanalyst includes —\n\n(a) a person certified by the Chief Executive Officer of the Chemistry Centre (WA) as being competent to determine the concentration of alcohol in bodily substances; and\n\n(b) a person approved by the chief executive officer under regulation 8;\n\napproved person means a person approved by the chief executive officer under regulation 6;\n\napproved sample collector means a person approved to collect samples of breath, oral fluid and urine under regulation 7;\n\nauthorised person, in relation to breath testing and analysis, means a person authorised by the chief executive officer to operate breath analysing equipment;\n\nbreath analysing equipment means apparatus of a type approved by the chief executive officer for the purpose of ascertaining a person’s blood alcohol content by analysis of a sample of the person’s breath;\n\nconfirmed adverse test result for alcohol means —\n\n(a) for a custodial officer whose duty involves the use of a firearm, or driving a motor vehicle — analysis of a sample of breath carried out using breath analysing equipment showing presence of alcohol in that person’s blood, following a presumptive positive test result for alcohol;\n\n(b) for any other custodial officer — analysis of a sample of breath carried out using breath analysing equipment showing the concentration of alcohol in that person’s blood to be 0.02 g of alcohol per 100 ml of blood or more, following a presumptive positive test result for alcohol;\n\nconfirmed adverse test result for drugs means analysis of a sample of oral fluid, urine or blood carried out by a drugs analyst showing evidence of the presence, or of ingestion, of a drug, following a presumptive positive test result for drugs;\n\n  critical incident means —\n\n(a) the death, or serious injury, of a person, when the death or injury is connected to, or arising from, the application of force by a custodial officer; or\n\n(b) the death, or serious injury, of a person when the death or injury is connected to, or arising from, the exercise of authority by a custodial officer; or\n\n(c) the death, or serious injury, of a person when the death or injury is connected to, or arising from, the driving of a motor vehicle by a custodial officer; or\n\n(d) the death, or serious injury, of a person when the person is in the custody of a custodial officer; or\n\n(e) the discharge of a firearm by a custodial officer, whether or not injury is caused,\n\nwhen that custodial officer is acting in their capacity as a custodial officer;\n\ndrug includes a substance declared to be a targeted drug;\n\ndrugs analyst means —\n\n(a) a person certified by the Chief Executive Officer of the Chemistry Centre (WA) as being competent to ascertain whether, and to what extent, drugs are present in bodily substances; or\n\n(b) a person with accreditation from the National Association of Testing Authorities in a field that, in the opinion of the chief executive officer, makes that person competent to ascertain whether, and to what extent, drugs are present in bodily substances;\n\nmasking agent includes a substance declared to fall within this definition under regulation 13;\n\nnurse means a person registered under the *Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (Western Australia)* in the nursing profession;\n\nnurse practitioner means a person registered under the *Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (Western Australia)* in the nursing profession whose registration under that Law is endorsed as nurse practitioner;\n\nphlebotomist means the holder of a current certificate of competency in phlebotomy, issued by an Australian public hospital or teaching facility;\n\npresumptive positive test result for alcohol means the result of a preliminary test of a sample of breath that shows that the concentration of alcohol in a person’s blood is likely to be 0.02 g of alcohol per 100 ml of blood or more;\n\npresumptive positive test result for drugs means a preliminary analysis of a sample of oral fluid, urine or blood that shows an indication of the presence, or of ingestion, of a drug;\n\nselected custodial officer means a custodial officer who is required to undergo an alcohol or drug test, or both, under these regulations;\n\ntargeted drug includes —\n\n(a) a drug to which the *Misuse of Drugs Act 1981* applies; and\n\n(b) a Schedule 2 poison as defined in the *Medicines and Poisons Act 2014* section 3; and\n\n(c) a Schedule 3 poison as defined in the *Medicines and Poisons Act 2014* section 3; and\n\n(ca) a Schedule 4 poison as defined in the *Medicines and Poisons Act 2014* section 3; and\n\n(d) a drug or substance declared to fall within this definition under regulation 12.\n\n[Regulation 3 amended: Gazette 17 Jan 2017 p. 408; 13 Nov 2018 p. 4435.]\n\n##### 4. Application of these regulations\n\n(1) Subject to subregulation (2), the processes of alcohol or drug testing set out in these regulations are to be carried out on a custodial officer.\n\n(2) The processes of alcohol or drug testing set out in these regulations cannot be carried out on a custodial officer unless that custodial officer is on duty or is recalled to duty for that purpose.\n\n(3) The processes of alcohol or drug testing set out in these regulations should be carried out in a manner that respects a custodial officer’s dignity and privacy to the extent possible without compromising the integrity of the testing process.\n\n##### 5. Publication of approved persons\n\n(1) The chief executive officer is to publish the name and relevant details of each person who has been specified by the chief executive officer to be —\n\n(a) an approved person under regulation 6; or\n\n(b) an approved sample collector under regulation 7; or\n\n(c) an approved analyst under regulation 8.\n\n(2) Publication of the details in subregulation (1) is to be by way of a Departmental intranet website, and is to be for the information of custodial officers and other staff of the Department.\n\n(3) A failure to correctly publish the name or relevant details of a person under subregulation (1) does not affect the status of a person who has been approved, nor does it invalidate any sample collection, testing process or outcome involving that person.\n\n##### 6. Approved persons\n\n(1) The chief executive officer may specify that a particular person is to be an approved person for the purposes of all, or some, of these regulations if the chief executive officer is satisfied that it is necessary for that person to be appointed as an approved person.\n\n(2) The chief executive officer is an approved person as holder of that office.\n\n(3) A person specified as an approved person under subregulation (1) may be a person who is not a member of staff of the Department.\n\n##### 7. Approved sample collectors\n\n(1) The chief executive officer may specify that a person who has undergone training to collect samples of breath, oral fluid or urine in accordance with standards approved under regulation 14(1), is to be an approved sample collector for the purposes of conducting an alcohol or drug test under these regulations.\n\n(2) A person specified as an approved sample collector under subregulation (1) may be a person who is not a member of staff of the Department.\n\n##### 8. Approved analysts\n\n(1) The chief executive officer may specify that a person who is accredited under the National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) requirements for Chemical Testing and Forensic Science is to be approved as an analyst that is competent to determine the concentration of alcohol in bodily substances under these regulations.\n\n(2) A person specified as an approved analyst under subregulation (1) may be a person who is not a member of staff of the Department.\n\n##### 9. When testing may be carried out: random\n\n(1) An approved person may require a selected custodial officer or a number of selected custodial officers working within, or visiting, a common work area to submit to an alcohol test or a drug test or both.\n\n(2) An approved person may require all custodial officers working within a common work area, and any visiting custodial officer at the work area at that time, to submit to an alcohol test or a drug test or both.\n\n##### 10. When testing may be carried out: targeted\n\n(1) Targeted testing for alcohol or drugs under these regulations may be carried out if there is credible information, intelligence or suspicion that a selected custodial officer may be affected or impaired by alcohol or drugs, while on duty.\n\n(2) Targeted testing for drugs under these regulations may be carried out if there is credible information, intelligence or suspicion that a selected custodial officer may have taken or ingested drugs at any time.\n\n(3) The chief executive officer or an approved person may require a particular selected custodial officer or a particular group of selected custodial officers working within a common work area to submit to an alcohol test or a drug test or both.\n\n##### 11. When testing may be carried out: mandated\n\n(1) The chief executive officer may direct in writing that certain circumstances give rise to compulsory alcohol and drug testing of particular custodial officers.\n\n(2) Circumstances under subregulation (1) may include, but are not limited to —\n\n(a) when a custodial officer is involved in a critical incident; or\n\n(b) where a custodial officer is a participant in a high risk business area within the Department (*for example, a drug detection, special operations or emergency response unit*); or\n\n(c) when a custodial officer is in the process of completing a critical skills competency course involving weapons; or\n\n(d) where an approved person believes that a test is appropriate for the custodial officer’s health and safety, or is prudent to protect the custodial officer’s credibility in any future court proceeding; or\n\n(e) when a custodial officer has returned a confirmed adverse test result for alcohol or drugs under these regulations.\n\n(3) Mandated testing may be required —\n\n(a) at the time of the circumstance giving rise to its requirement; or\n\n(b) as an on‑going requirement resulting from the circumstance giving rise to its requirement.\n\n##### 12. Chief executive officer may declare drugs or substances to be targeted drugs\n\n(1) The chief executive officer may declare a drug or substance to be a targeted drug for the purposes of these regulations.\n\n(2) A declaration under subregulation (1) is not effective unless notice of that declaration is published on the publicly accessible Departmental website by the chief executive officer, and a declaration may be amended or revoked by the chief executive officer in a similar manner.\n\n##### 13. Chief executive officer may declare substances to be masking agents\n\n(1) The chief executive officer may declare a substance to be a masking agent for the purposes of these regulations.\n\n(2) A declaration under subregulation (1) is not effective unless notice of that declaration is published on the publicly accessible Departmental website by the chief executive officer, and a declaration may be amended or revoked by the chief executive officer in a similar manner.\n\n##### 14. Chief executive officer may approve collection procedures for alcohol and drug testing\n\n(1) The chief executive officer may approve —\n\n(a) standards or parts of standards; and\n\n(b) collection protocols,\n\nas the manner in which testing processes and procedures are to be carried out.\n\n(2) The chief executive officer may approve items of equipment together with other devices or apparatus for the purpose of testing for targeted drugs.\n\n(3) Notwithstanding the approval of standards, protocols and equipment under this regulation, a minor variation in the manner of collection or analysis of a sample that does not affect the outcome of the testing process may be disregarded when assessing whether the particular testing process was carried out in an approved manner.\n\n## Part 2 — Testing for alcohol\n\n##### 15. Requirement to submit sample of breath for preliminary analysis\n\n(1) When requested to provide a sample of breath by an approved person, a selected custodial officer must provide a sample, to an authorised person for a preliminary test, in accordance with the directions of that approved person.\n\n(2) Where it appears to the approved person that the physical condition of the selected custodial officer is such as to render them incapable of providing a sample of breath for a preliminary test, then the approved person may proceed to the provisions of regulation 17 as if a preliminary test had returned a presumptive positive test result for alcohol.\n\n##### 16. Requirement to confirm identity\n\n(1) A selected custodial officer must confirm their identity at the time of providing a sample for alcohol testing by showing —\n\n(a) an original driver’s licence; or\n\n(b) an original passport; or\n\n(c) an original Departmental photo identification; or\n\n(d) such other photo‑based identification as may be approved by the chief executive officer for the purpose of this regulation.\n\n(2) It is not sufficient confirmation of identity under subregulation (1) if the selected custodial officer is purported to be identified —\n\n(a) by another custodial officer; or\n\n(b) by use of a copied document; or\n\n(c) by use of a document without a photo of the officer.\n\n##### 17. Requirement to submit further sample of breath\n\n(1) Where —\n\n(a) a selected custodial officer has provided a sample of their breath for a preliminary test and the preliminary test returns a presumptive positive test result for alcohol; or\n\n(b) the selected custodial officer having been so required —\n\n(i) refuses or fails to provide, or appears to be incapable of providing, a sample of their breath for a preliminary test; or\n\n(ii) refuses or fails to provide, or appears to be incapable of providing, a sample of their breath in sufficient quantity to enable a preliminary test to be carried out,\n\nthe approved person may require that selected custodial officer to provide a further sample of their breath for analysis by an authorised person, under the provisions of subregulation (2) or a sample of blood or urine under regulation 19.\n\n(2) A selected custodial officer who is required to supply a sample of breath for analysis must comply with that requirement by providing the sample of breath into breath analysing equipment, for analysis by an authorised person, in accordance with the directions of the approved person.\n\n(3) A selected custodial officer is not required under subregulation (1) to provide a sample of breath for analysis if, because of their physical condition, the selected custodial officer is incapable of providing the specimen of breath or a specimen of breath in sufficient quantity for analysis.\n\n##### 18. Breath analysis form to be completed\n\nWhere a breath analysis is carried out by an authorised person and it returns a confirmed adverse test result for alcohol, the authorised person is to fill out a breath analysis form approved by the chief executive officer.\n\n##### 19. Requirement to submit sample of blood or urine under certain circumstances\n\n(1) Where an approved person might require a selected custodial officer to provide a sample of breath for analysis by an authorised person but is precluded from so doing by regulation 17(3), the approved person may require the selected custodial officer to provide a sample of blood or urine for analysis.\n\n(2) On taking a sample of blood or urine, the medical practitioner, nurse, nurse practitioner or phlebotomist is to complete the details required by Schedule 1 Form 2.\n\n(3) Where an analyst carries out an analysis of a sample of blood or urine following a presumptive positive test result for alcohol, the analyst is to provide a written result of that analysis to the chief executive officer, whether or not that analysis resulted in a confirmed adverse test result for alcohol.\n\n##### 20. Incapacity to provide sample\n\n(1) If a selected custodial officer is unable to provide a sample due to injury or illness, an approved person may request a medical practitioner, nurse, nurse practitioner or phlebotomist to take a sample of blood or urine, or both, from that custodial officer.\n\n(2) A request under subregulation (1) must be a written request made by the approved person completing Schedule 1 Form 1 and handing that completed form to the relevant medical practitioner, nurse, nurse practitioner or phlebotomist.\n\n## Part 3 — Testing for drugs\n\n##### 21. Requirement to submit sample for drug testing\n\n(1) When requested to do so, a selected custodial officer must provide a sample for drug testing to an approved sample collector (subject to subregulation (4)) in accordance with the directions of an approved person.\n\n(2) An approved person may request a sample of any one or more of the following —\n\n(a) blood;\n\n(b) urine;\n\n(c) oral fluid.\n\n(3) An approved person is not required to state what drug the sample will be tested for.\n\n(4) If a sample of blood is required, that sample must be taken by a medical practitioner, nurse, nurse practitioner or phlebotomist.\n\n(5) On taking a sample of blood or urine, the medical practitioner, nurse, nurse practitioner or phlebotomist is to complete the details required by Schedule 1 Form 2.\n\n(6) On taking a sample of urine or oral fluid, the approved sample collector is to complete the details required by Schedule 1 Form 2.\n\n##### 22. Requirement to confirm identity\n\n(1) A selected custodial officer must confirm their identity at the time of providing a sample for drug testing by showing —\n\n(a) an original driver’s licence; or\n\n(b) an original passport; or\n\n(c) an original Departmental photo identification; or\n\n(d) such other photo‑based identification as may be approved by the chief executive officer for the purpose of this regulation.\n\n(2) It is not sufficient confirmation of identity under subregulation (1) if the selected custodial officer is purported to be identified —\n\n(a) by another custodial officer; or\n\n(b) by use of a copied document; or\n\n(c) by use of a document without a photo of the officer.\n\n##### 23. Incapacity to provide sample\n\n(1) If a selected custodial officer is unable to provide a sample due to injury or illness, an approved person may request a medical practitioner, nurse, nurse practitioner or phlebotomist to take a sample of blood or urine, or both, from that custodial officer.\n\n(2) A request under subregulation (1) must be a written request made by the approved person completing Schedule 1 Form 1 and handing that completed form to the relevant medical practitioner, nurse, nurse practitioner or phlebotomist.\n\n##### 24. Opportunity to explain a presumptive positive test result for drugs\n\n(1) Where a selected custodial officer has provided a sample for drug testing and the test returns a presumptive positive test result for drugs, that selected custodial officer is to be given an opportunity to explain the result prior to a further analysis.\n\n(2) If an explanation is not provided under subregulation (1), an approved person may draw such adverse inferences from the absence of explanation as the circumstances justify.\n\n(3) An explanation given under this regulation is not admissible in evidence against the selected custodial officer in any criminal proceedings, but may be used as the basis for a disciplinary offence under regulation 40(5), if the explanation is later found to be false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n##### 25. Requirement to submit further sample for drug testing\n\n(1) Where —\n\n(a) a selected custodial officer has provided a sample for drug testing and the test returns a presumptive positive test result for drugs; or\n\n(b) the selected custodial officer having been so required refuses or fails to provide, or appears to be incapable of providing, the sample for a drug test,\n\nthe approved person may require that selected custodial officer to provide a further sample for analysis by a drugs analyst.\n\n(2) A selected custodial officer who is required to supply a sample for drug analysis must comply with that requirement by providing the sample for analysis by a drug analyst, in accordance with the directions of the approved person.\n\n##### 26. Drug analyst to report result to chief executive officer\n\nWhere a drug analyst carries out an analysis of a sample following a presumptive positive test result for drugs, the analyst is to provide a written result of that analysis to the chief executive officer, whether or not that analysis resulted in a confirmed adverse test result for drugs.\n\n## Part 4 — Recall to, and remaining on, duty\n\n### Division 1 — Critical incident\n\n##### 27. Remain on duty: alcohol and drug testing\n\nWhen a custodial officer is involved in a critical incident and their shift is about to finish, an approved person may require that custodial officer to remain on duty until that custodial officer has undergone alcohol testing and drug testing.\n\n##### 28. Recall to duty: drug testing\n\n(1) When a custodial officer is off‑duty but that custodial officer has been involved in a critical incident during the previous shift and has not been the subject of a drug test, that custodial officer may be recalled to duty by an approved person for the purposes of drug testing.\n\n(2) When a custodial officer has been involved in a critical incident while off‑duty and has not been the subject of a drug test, that custodial officer may be recalled to duty by an approved person for the purposes of drug testing.\n\n(3) A selected custodial officer cannot be tested under this regulation at their place of residence.\n\n(4) This regulation applies in addition to regulation 29.\n\n##### 29. Recall to duty: alcohol testing\n\n(1) When a custodial officer is off‑duty but that custodial officer has been involved in a critical incident during the previous shift and has not been the subject of an alcohol test, that custodial officer may be recalled to duty by an approved person for the purposes of alcohol testing.\n\n(2) If a custodial officer is involved in a critical incident while off‑duty and has not been the subject of an alcohol test following that incident, that custodial officer may be recalled to duty by an approved person for the purposes of alcohol testing.\n\n### Division 2 — Other testing\n\n##### 30. Remain on duty: alcohol and drug testing\n\nWhen a custodial officer is on duty, or is about to finish their shift, and that custodial officer —\n\n(a) is the subject of credible information, intelligence or suspicion indicating that the custodial officer is affected or impaired by alcohol or that drug use by the custodial officer has taken place while that custodial officer was on duty; or\n\n(b) has been selected to undergo random, mandated or targeted testing for drugs or alcohol, or both,\n\nan approved person may require that custodial officer to remain on duty until that custodial officer has undergone alcohol or drug testing, or both.\n\n##### 31. Recall to duty: drug testing\n\n(1) When a custodial officer is off‑duty but that custodial officer is the subject of credible information, intelligence or suspicion suggesting that drug use by the custodial officer has recently taken place or is taking place, that custodial officer may be recalled to duty by an approved person for the purposes of drug testing.\n\n(2) A selected custodial officer cannot be tested under this regulation at their place of residence.\n\n## Part 5 — Self reporting\n\n##### 32. Involuntary or accidental alcohol consumption\n\n(1) When a custodial officer is on duty and is concerned that they have accidentally or involuntarily consumed alcohol, that custodial officer may report that possible consumption to a supervisor or the officer in charge and request a preliminary test.\n\n(2) If a self‑requested preliminary test under this regulation returns a presumptive positive test result for alcohol, that custodial officer will be required to submit a further sample of their breath for analysis by an authorised person in accordance with regulation 17.\n\n##### 33. Involuntary or accidental drug ingestion\n\n(1) When a custodial officer is on duty and is concerned that they have accidentally or involuntarily ingested or taken a targeted drug, that custodial officer may report that possible ingestion to a supervisor or the officer in charge and request a drug test to determine if that drug (if known) or a drug (if unknown) has been ingested or taken.\n\n(2) If a self‑requested drug test under this regulation returns a presumptive positive test result for drugs, an analysis of the sample will be conducted by a drug analyst to confirm that outcome.\n\n## Part 6 — Adverse test results\n\n##### 34. Adverse testing outcome: alcohol\n\n(1) A selected custodial officer returns a positive result to an alcohol test if that custodial officer’s preliminary test returns a presumptive positive test result for alcohol and that custodial officer subsequently returns a confirmed adverse test result for alcohol.\n\n(2) A selected custodial officer is taken to return a presumptive positive test result for alcohol if the selected custodial officer gives 2 or more invalid samples for a preliminary test without a written medical explanation for the invalidity of the samples.\n\n(3) If a selected custodial officer is taken to return a presumptive positive test result for alcohol under subregulation (2), an approved person may request that the custodial officer provide a further sample of breath or the approved person may request a medical practitioner, nurse, nurse practitioner or phlebotomist to take a sample of blood or urine, or both, from that custodial officer.\n\n(4) A request for blood or urine under subregulation (3) must be a written request made by the approved person completing Schedule 1 Form 1 and handing that completed form to the relevant medical practitioner, nurse, nurse practitioner or phlebotomist.\n\n(5) If a selected custodial officer is required to provide a further sample of breath for analysis by breath analysing equipment under subregulation (3), a positive result to that analysis is a confirmed adverse test result for alcohol for the purposes of these regulations.\n\n(6) A confirmed adverse test result for alcohol is to be recorded by the approved person by completing a form in accordance with regulation 18.\n\n##### 35. Adverse testing outcome: drugs\n\n(1) A selected custodial officer returns a positive result to a drug test if —\n\n(a) the preliminary analysis of the custodial officer’s sample returns a presumptive positive test result for drugs and that custodial officer subsequently returns a confirmed adverse test result for drugs; or\n\n(b) in the case of a test for testosterone, the preliminary analysis of the custodial officer’s sample returns a presumptive positive test result for drugs and that custodial officer subsequently returns a confirmed adverse test result for drugs indicating that the amount of testosterone present in the custodial officer’s sample is 4 or more times the amount of epitestosterone present in that sample.\n\n(2) A selected custodial officer is taken to return a presumptive positive test result for drugs if the selected custodial officer gives 2 or more invalid samples without a written medical explanation for the invalidity of the samples.\n\n##### 36. Independent testing\n\n(1) A selected custodial officer who returns a confirmed adverse test result for alcohol (based on a sample other than breath) or a presumptive positive test result for drugs may request, and is to be given on request, a portion of the sample that gave rise to that result.\n\n(2) Independent testing is conducted at the expense of the custodial officer.\n\n##### 37. Consequences of an adverse testing outcome: alcohol\n\n(1) If testing of a selected custodial officer returns a confirmed adverse test result for alcohol the chief executive officer may take one or more of the following actions in relation to that custodial officer —\n\n(a) refer the custodial officer to the Department’s employee welfare unit for review;\n\n(b) impose managerial interventions in relation to that custodial officer;\n\n(c) initiate removal action against a custodial officer under the *Young Offenders Act 1994* Part 3 Division 3 or disciplinary action against a custodial officer under the *Public Sector Management Act 1994* Part 5 (where applicable).\n\n(2) Subregulation (1) does not apply to a positive result to an alcohol test conducted under regulation 29 following a recall to duty, unless it is determined that the conduct of the custodial officer was inappropriate in the circumstances.\n\n##### 38. Consequences of an adverse testing outcome: drugs\n\n(1) Subject to subregulation (2), if testing of a selected custodial officer returns a confirmed adverse test result for drugs the chief executive officer may take one or more of the following actions in relation to that custodial officer —\n\n(a) refer the custodial officer to the Department’s employee welfare unit for review;\n\n(b) impose managerial interventions in relation to that custodial officer;\n\n(c) initiate removal action against a custodial officer under the *Young Offenders Act 1994* Part 3 Division 3 or disciplinary action against a custodial officer under the *Public Sector Management Act 1994* Part 5 (where applicable).\n\n(2) If testing of a custodial officer returns a confirmed adverse test result for drugs and the drug found or ingested is —\n\n(a) a drug set out in the *Misuse of Drugs Act 1981* Schedule I or II; or\n\n(b) a Schedule 8 poison or a Schedule 9 poison as those terms are defined in *Medicines and Poisons Act 2014* section 3; or\n\n(c) a specified drug within the meaning of the *Misuse of Drugs Act 1981* section 3(1); or\n\n(d) a masking agent,\n\nthe chief executive officer may accept the resignation of the custodial officer, or may take removal action against that custodial officer under the *Young Offenders Act 1994* Part 3 Division 3.\n\n(3) Subregulation (2) does not apply if the adverse test result for drugs is to —\n\n(a) a masking agent; or\n\n(b) a Schedule 8 poison as defined in the *Medicines and Poisons Act 2014* section 3,\n\nthat has been prescribed to that custodial officer by a medical practitioner.\n\n[Regulation 38 amended: Gazette 17 Jan 2017 p. 408‑9.]\n\n## Part 7 — Other offences\n\n##### 39. Refusal\n\n(1) A custodial officer must comply with a requirement under these regulations to undertake a test for alcohol consumption.\n\n(2) A custodial officer must comply with a requirement under these regulations to undertake a drug test.\n\n(3) A custodial officer must provide a sample of breath for analysis by breath analysing equipment when required to do so under these regulations.\n\n(4) A custodial officer must provide a sample of blood, urine or oral fluid when required to do so under these regulations.\n\n##### 40. Avoidance\n\n(1) If a custodial officer is subject to a requirement under these regulations to —\n\n(a) undertake a test for alcohol consumption; or\n\n(b) undertake a drug test; or\n\n(c) provide a sample of breath, blood, urine or oral fluid,\n\nthen, unless prevented by urgent medical circumstances, that custodial officer must comply with the requirement prior to ceasing duty.\n\n(2) If a custodial officer is subject to a requirement under these regulations to provide a sample of breath for analysis by breath analysing equipment, that custodial officer must not provide 2 or more invalid samples unless there is a written medical explanation for the invalidity of those samples.\n\n(3) If a custodial officer is subject to a requirement under these regulations to provide a sample of blood, urine or oral fluid, that custodial officer must not provide 2 or more invalid samples unless there is a written medical explanation for the invalidity of those samples.\n\n(4) A custodial officer must not unnecessarily delay a testing or sampling process that is required to be undertaken under these regulations following a critical incident.\n\n(5) A custodial officer must not give an explanation under regulation 24 that they know to be false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n##### 41. Tampering\n\n(1) A custodial officer must not tamper, or interfere with, a testing process carried out under these regulations.\n\n(2) A custodial officer must not, without a lawful reason, be in possession of a masking agent immediately before or during a testing process carried out under these regulations.\n\n(3) A custodial officer must not take a masking agent before a testing process carried out under these regulations.\n\n##### 42. Sanction for offences\n\nA custodial officer who does not comply with a provision of this Part commits a breach of their duty and that breach —\n\n(a) may raise a doubt as to a custodial officer’s suitability to continue as a custodial officer under Part 3 Division 3 of the Act; or\n\n(b) may result in disciplinary action against that custodial officer under the *Public Sector Management Act 1994* Part 5 (where applicable).\n\nSchedule 1 — Forms\n\n[r. 19, 20, 21, 23 and 34]\n\n**Form 1**\n\nWESTERN AUSTRALIA\n\n*Young Offenders Act 1994*\n\n*Young Offenders (Custodial Officers Drug and Alcohol Testing) Regulations 2016*\n\n**Request to take sample of blood, urine or oral fluid**\n\nTo ...........................................................................................................................\n\n[Name of medical practitioner, nurse, nurse practitioner, phlebotomist]\n\nat ...................................................................................................................\n\n...................................................................................................................\n\n...................................................................................................................\n\n[Name of hospital/medical centre/place]\n\nUnder the *Young Offenders (Custodial Officers Drug and Alcohol Testing) Regulations 2016*, I request you, a\n\n...................................................................................................................\n\n[Insert description, e.g. medical practitioner, nurse, nurse practitioner, phlebotomist]\n\nto take —\n\n(a) a blood sample;\n\n(b) a urine sample;\n\n(c) an oral fluid sample;\n\n[delete as applicable]\n\nfrom —\n\n...................................................................................................................\n\n...................................................................................................................\n\n[Name of selected custodial officer]\n\nin accordance with the regulations and any standards or collection protocols approved under those regulations.\n\n..................................................................\n\n[Place where request is made]\n\n..................................................................\n\n[Date of request]\n\n..................................................................\n\n[Signature]\n\n**Form 2**\n\nWESTERN AUSTRALIA\n\n*Young Offenders Act 1994*\n\n*Young Offenders (Custodial Officers Drug and Alcohol Testing) Regulations 2016*\n\n**Collection of sample of blood, urine or oral fluid**\n\nUnder the *Young Offenders (Custodial Officers Drug and Alcohol Testing) Regulations 2016*, I, a qualified\n\n...................................................................................................................\n\n[Insert description, e.g. medical practitioner, nurse, nurse practitioner,\n\nphlebotomist, approved sample collector]\n\ntook —\n\n(a) a blood sample;\n\n(b) a urine sample;\n\n(c) an oral fluid sample;\n\n[delete as applicable]\n\nfrom ...................................................................................................................\n\n[Name and number of selected custodial officer]\n\nat ...................................................................................................................\n\n...................................................................................................................\n\n[Place where sample was taken]\n\nin accordance with the regulations and the standards and collection protocols approved under those regulations.\n\nThe sample was taken at ........................................................................................\n\n[Insert time, day, month and year]\n\nThe sample, or a portion of that sample, is contained and sealed in the sample\n\ncontainer(s) numbered ........................................................................................\n\n[Number on sample container(s)]\n\nThe equipment used for the purpose of collecting the sample of blood/urine/oral fluid [delete as applicable] was contained in a packaged serially\n\nnumbered .............................. handed to me by .....................................................\n\n[Number on equipment kit] [Name of person handing over the package]\n\nand that package was sealed and intact prior to being opened by me.\n\nIn collecting the sample of blood/urine/oral fluid [delete as applicable] I complied with the directions contained within the sealed sample collection package provided.\n\n................................................................\n\n[Signature and qualification]\n\nWitnessed by ................................................................\n\n[Approved person’s signature]\n\n![dline]()\n\nNotes\n\n1 This is a compilation of the *Young Offenders (Custodial Officers Drug and Alcohol Testing) Regulations 2016* and includes the amendments made by the other written laws referred to in the following table.\n\nCompilation table\n\n| **Citation** | **Gazettal** | **Commencement** |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| *Young Offenders (Custodial Officers Drug and Alcohol Testing) Regulations 2016* | 18 Mar 2016 p. 799‑831 | r. 1 and 2: 18 Mar 2016 (see r. 2(a));   Regulations other than r. 1 and 2: 19 Mar 2016 (see r. 2(b)) |\n| *Corrective Services Regulations Amendment (Poisons) Regulations 2016* Pt. 3 | 17 Jan 2017 p. 407‑9 | 30 Jan 2017 (see r. 2(b) and *Gazette* 17 Jan 2017 p. 403) |\n| *Corrective Services Regulations Amendment Regulations 2018* Pt. 4 | 13 Nov 2018 p. 4433‑5 | 1 Dec 2018 (see r. 2(b)) |\n\n\nDefined terms\n\n*[This is a list of terms defined and the provisions where they are defined. The list is not part of the law.]*\n\n**Defined term Provision(s)**\n\nanalyst 3\n\napproved person 3\n\napproved sample collector 3\n\nauthorised person 3\n\nbreath analysing equipment 3\n\nconfirmed adverse test result for alcohol 3\n\nconfirmed adverse test result for drugs 3\n\ncritical incident 3\n\ndrug 3\n\ndrugs analyst 3\n\nmasking agent 3\n\nnurse 3\n\nnurse practitioner 3\n\nphlebotomist 3\n\npresumptive positive test result for alcohol 3\n\npresumptive positive test result for drugs 3\n\nselected custodial officer 3\n\ntargeted drug 3\n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The original 2016 regulations appear focused on basic drug and alcohol testing for youth custodial officers. However, amendments in 2017 and 2018 expanded the definition of 'targeted drug' to include Schedule 4 poisons (prescription-only medications), significantly broadening the scope beyond illicit drugs to capture a wider range of pharmaceutical substances. The regulations also developed increasingly detailed procedural requirements (forms, specific approval mechanisms for equipment and personnel) and consequence structures that go beyond simple testing to create a comprehensive employment discipline framework integrated with the *Public Sector Management Act 1994*."},"complexity_factors":["18 defined terms in the interpretation section (regulation 3), including nested definitions where terms like 'drug' and 'targeted drug' cross-reference each other and external legislation","Multiple cross-references to external statutes: *Young Offenders Act 1994*, *Misuse of Drugs Act 1981*, *Medicines and Poisons Act 2014*, *Public Sector Management Act 1994*, and *Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (WA)*","Different testing thresholds and procedures for different officer categories — firearm/driving officers face stricter alcohol limits (any alcohol vs 0.02) than general staff","Conditional logic with exceptions: regulation 38 creates a two-tier consequence system where 'hard drugs' trigger automatic removal proceedings, but with an exception for prescribed Schedule 8 poisons","Three distinct testing triggers (random/targeted/mandated) with different authorisation levels and procedural requirements","Parallel but slightly different procedures for alcohol (Part 2) and drugs (Part 3), requiring careful tracking of which rules apply when","Critical incident provisions (Part 4 Division 1) create special recall-to-duty powers that override normal off-duty status, with specific exclusions (e.g., no testing at officer's residence)","Self-reporting provisions (Part 5) create alternative pathways with different consequence structures","Form-based procedural requirements (Schedule 1) with specific completion mandates that affect validity","Amendment history showing expansion of scope — regulation 3 was amended twice to expand the definition of 'targeted drug' to include Schedule 4 poisons"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this legislation does:**\n\nThese regulations set up a comprehensive drug and alcohol testing regime for **custodial officers** (prison guards and similar staff who work with young offenders in Western Australia). The rules cover when, how, and why officers can be tested for alcohol and drugs, what happens if they test positive, and what penalties apply if they refuse or try to cheat the system.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n\n- **Custodial officers** working under the *Young Offenders Act 1994* (WA) — primarily staff in youth detention centres\n- **Approved persons** — specially authorised staff who can order and conduct tests\n- **Medical professionals** — doctors, nurses, and phlebotomists (blood collection specialists) who take samples when needed\n\n**Key features:**\n\n- **Three types of testing:**\n  - **Random** — spot checks on individuals or whole work areas\n  - **Targeted** — when there's credible suspicion an officer is impaired\n  - **Mandated** — compulsory testing after serious incidents (like deaths or firearm use), for high-risk units, or after previous positive results\n\n- **Critical incident testing:** Officers involved in deaths, serious injuries, or firearm discharges must stay on duty or be recalled from home for immediate testing\n\n- **Strict limits:**\n  - **Alcohol:** Zero tolerance for officers using firearms or driving; 0.02 blood alcohol limit for others (roughly one standard drink)\n  - **Drugs:** Zero tolerance for illicit substances and certain prescription medications\n\n- **Process protections:** Officers must show photo ID, can explain preliminary positive results, and can request independent retesting (at their own cost)\n\n- **Consequences:** Range from welfare referrals and managerial warnings to dismissal — with automatic removal proceedings for hard drugs (Schedule 8/9 poisons, Misuse of Drugs Act substances, or masking agents)\n\n- **Offences:** Refusing tests, delaying testing after incidents, providing invalid samples without medical excuse, tampering with tests, or possessing \"masking agents\" (substances that hide drug use) are all breaches of duty\n\n**Why it matters:**\n\nYouth detention involves vulnerable young people and potentially dangerous situations. These regulations try to balance workplace safety and public protection with procedural fairness — ensuring officers aren't working impaired while protecting them from false accusations through proper chain-of-custody procedures and verification steps."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The current consolidated regulations broaden the practical scope compared with a narrow original focus on illicit drugs and on‑duty alcohol impairment. The instrument now explicitly sweeps in medicines/poisons (schedules under the Medicines and Poisons Act are listed in the definition of \"targeted drug\" at reg 3) and gives the chief executive officer power to declare additional targeted drugs and masking agents (regs 12–13). Those delegations expand the range of substances that can trigger testing and disciplinary action and thereby move the regime beyond simply testing for illicit intoxicants to include some prescribed and over‑the‑counter substances unless a lawful prescription exception applies (reg 38(3)). The amendments also reinforce administrative and operational discretion (publication and approval powers, regs 5, 14) which increases the department’s ability to change operational scope without further primary‑law amendment."},"complexity_factors":["About 22 defined terms in regulation 3 that are relied on throughout the instrument (e.g. targeted drug, masking agent, presumptive/confirmed results).","Multiple cross‑references to other Acts (Young Offenders Act 1994; Misuse of Drugs Act 1981; Medicines and Poisons Act 2014; Public Sector Management Act 1994; Health Practitioner Regulation National Law) which import external definitions and thresholds.","Three distinct testing regimes with different triggers and procedures (random reg 9; targeted reg 10; mandated reg 11).","Multiple sample types and collection paths (breath, oral fluid, urine, blood) with differing collector/analyst qualifications and procedures (Parts 2–3, regs 15, 19, 21–26).","Conditional logic and exceptions — e.g. incapacity, medical prescriptions, invalid samples treated as presumptive positives, and different thresholds for officers who use firearms or drive (regs 16–20, 34–35, 38(3)).","Chief executive discretion to declare targeted drugs/masking agents and to approve standards/equipment (regs 12–14), creating potential for shifting scope without legislative amendment.","Procedural safeguards and recordkeeping requirements (ID checks, forms in Schedule 1, breath analysis form, written requests for medical sampling) increase administrative detail.","Recall‑to‑duty rules with geographic limits (cannot test at officer’s residence) and differing rules for critical incidents versus other testing (Part 4).","Sanctions framework blends welfare referral, managerial interventions and statutory removal/disciplinary processes with conditional triggers (regs 37–38, Part 7).","Provision for independent testing at officer expense introduces procedural and evidential complexity (reg 36)."],"plain_english_summary":"**What these regulations do (mechanics)\n\n- Authorise and set out how custodial officers working under the Young Offenders Act can be tested for alcohol and drugs while on duty or when recalled to duty (regs 4, 9–11).\n- Define who can order, collect and analyse tests (the chief executive officer may approve or specify approved persons, sample collectors and analysts; regs 5–8, 14).\n- Establish three ways tests may be required: random (reg 9), targeted on suspicion or intelligence (reg 10), and mandated in specified circumstances (reg 11).\n- List what samples may be required: breath (alcohol), and blood, urine or oral fluid (drugs), and set procedures for preliminary (screen) and confirmatory testing (Parts 2–3, regs 15–26).\n- Give specific identity‑checking and record‑keeping requirements when samples are taken (regs 16, 22; Schedule 1 Forms 1–2).\n- Allow the chief executive officer to declare which substances count as \"targeted drugs\" and which substances are \"masking agents\", and to approve collection standards and equipment (regs 12–14).\n- Provide special rules for testing after a `critical incident' (a defined list of events involving death, serious injury, use of force, discharge of a firearm, driving, or a person in custody) including the power to require officers to remain on duty or be recalled to be tested (Part 4, regs 27–31).\n- Allow self‑reporting by officers who fear accidental ingestion/consumption and provide for subsequent testing (Part 5, regs 32–33).\n- Set out what counts as an adverse test outcome (alcohol thresholds, drug confirmations, invalid samples treated as presumptive positives if repeated without medical explanation) and require recording of confirmed adverse results (Part 6, regs 34–36).\n- Describe managerial and disciplinary options the chief executive may take after an adverse result, including welfare referral, managerial interventions, disciplinary or removal action; more serious or specified drugs/poisons can trigger removal action or acceptance of resignation (regs 37–38).\n- Create offences and workplace duties: refusal to test, avoidance, tampering, possession/use of masking agents are breaches of duty and may lead to disciplinary action or removal (Part 7, regs 39–42).\n\nWho is affected\n\n- Primary subjects: custodial officers employed or engaged under the Young Offenders Act who are on duty or who are recalled to duty (reg 4(2)).\n- Decision‑makers and implementers: the Department’s chief executive officer (large approval and declaration powers), approved persons, approved sample collectors, authorised persons and analysts (regs 5–8, 14).\n- Service providers: medical practitioners, nurses, phlebotomists and accredited analysts who may take and analyse samples (regs 19, 21, 26).\n\nWhy it matters (stated purpose and how it operates in practice)\n\n- The regulations’ stated purpose (via their provisions) is to detect and manage alcohol and drug impairment among custodial officers to protect safety, operational integrity and credibility in legal proceedings (see mandated testing examples in reg 11(2)(d) and critical incident rules in regs 27–29).\n- Mechanically, the regulations give the department broad, centralised control: the chief executive officer decides who is an approved tester or analyst, which drugs or masking agents are targeted, and what collection standards and equipment are approved (regs 5–8, 12–14). Those delegations determine how intrusive testing will be, how often it may be used, and which substances will expose officers to disciplinary consequences.\n\nPractical effects, incentives, burdens and trade‑offs (concrete mechanisms)\n\n- Who pays: the officer bears the cost of any independent confirmatory testing they request (reg 36(2)). The department bears costs of routine testing and of employing/contracting approved collectors and analysts (implied by the approval regime, regs 5–8, 14).\n- Who decides: the chief executive officer has wide discretionary power to approve persons/equipment and to declare targeted drugs and masking agents; approved persons exercise operational discretion to require tests and to recall/retain officers (regs 5–8, 12–14, 9–11, 27–31).\n- Behavioural effects: officers face a higher probability of detection if impaired at work because of random, targeted and mandated testing. This creates incentives to avoid on‑duty impairment, but also incentives to seek masking agents or to contest testing procedures (regs 13, 41). Repeated invalid samples without a medical reason are treated as presumptive positives (regs 34(2), 35(2)), which discourages deliberate non‑cooperation.\n- Compliance burden: officers must produce photo ID, submit to specific sample collection processes, and may be required to remain on duty or be recalled for testing (regs 16, 21–23, 27–31). The department must publish approved persons internally and maintain approved standards/protocols (reg 5, 14). Forms and recordkeeping (Schedule 1) create administrative steps for both officers and collectors.\n- Risks and trade‑offs: discretion concentrated in the chief executive officer and approved persons creates implementation risk — inconsistent application, scope creep (because the CEO can declare additional targeted drugs and masking agents), and potential disputes about whether testing followed approved protocols (regs 12–14). Testing after recall to duty is limited geographically (cannot test at an officer’s residence; regs 28(3), 31(2)) which may complicate logistics. Officers may challenge accuracy or chain of custody (the regs allow officers a retained sample for independent testing at their cost — reg 36).\n- Substitution and unintended consequences: by explicitly including medicines and poisons schedules in the definition of targeted drugs (reg 3) and permitting declarations, the rules can sweep in prescribed medicines and over‑the‑counter substances. This may create tension between legitimate therapeutic use and disciplinary exposure; the regs provide an exception where a masking agent or certain Schedule 8 poison is lawfully prescribed (reg 38(3)).\n\nImplementation issues to watch (concrete)\n\n- The accuracy and integrity of sample collection and analysis depend on the standards the CEO approves and on the competence of approved collectors and analysts (regs 7–8, 14, 26).\n- The power to declare substances as targeted drugs or masking agents (regs 12–13) should be accompanied by clear public notice (the regs require publication on the Departmental website) to avoid surprise discipline.\n- The combination of recall powers and exclusion of testing at officers’ homes (regs 28(3), 31(2)) creates practical logistics that require clear local procedures.\n- Independent testing is allowed but paid for by the officer (reg 36), which may limit practical access to a prompt independent check and can influence disputes about results.\n\nKey provisions to consult directly\n\n- Approvals and discretion: regs 5–8, 12–14.\n- Modes and triggers for testing: regs 9–11.\n- Sample types and procedures: Parts 2–3 (regs 15–26) and Schedule 1.\n- Consequences and discipline: Parts 6–7 (regs 34–42)."},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"summary":{"complexity_score":2,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Scope cannot be assessed as the legislative text is inaccessible. The title suggests a narrowly targeted regulation focused specifically on drug and alcohol testing of custodial officers in the youth offender context, which would be consistent with a focused, purpose-built instrument. No evidence of scope change can be confirmed or denied."},"complexity_factors":["Legislation text is entirely unavailable — analysis is based on title only","Regulations of this type typically involve procedural testing frameworks which can carry moderate technical complexity","Interaction with employment law, occupational health and safety, and privacy law would normally add complexity","Unable to assess actual drafting complexity, cross-references, or exceptions without access to the document"],"plain_english_summary":"These Western Australian regulations govern drug and alcohol testing of custodial officers who supervise young people in detention, aiming to ensure staff are not impaired on the job and to protect those in custody.\n\nThey primarily affect custodial officers in youth detention facilities. The full text is currently unavailable on the WA legislation site, so consult the Parliamentary Counsel’s Office or the updated WA legislation database to locate the current instrument."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/young-offenders-custodial-officers-drug-and-alcohol-testing-regulations-2016","history":"/api/acts/young-offenders-custodial-officers-drug-and-alcohol-testing-regulations-2016/history","analysis":"/api/acts/young-offenders-custodial-officers-drug-and-alcohol-testing-regulations-2016/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/young-offenders-custodial-officers-drug-and-alcohol-testing-regulations-2016/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/young-offenders-custodial-officers-drug-and-alcohol-testing-regulations-2016/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/young-offenders-custodial-officers-drug-and-alcohol-testing-regulations-2016/documents"}}