{"id":"F2006L01788","name":"Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 23/01 – Passenger Car Tyres) 2006","slug":"vehicle-standard-australian-design-rule-23-01-passenger-car-tyres-2006","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":59578,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2006L01788-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 23/01 – Passenger Car Tyres) 2006","content":"---\nmeta-content-style-type: text/css\nmeta-content-type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8\n---\n\n?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n\n![Commonwealth Coat of Arms of Australia](image.001.png)\n\nVehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 23/01 – Passenger Car Tyres) 2006\n\nOriginally made under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 and continued in force under the Road Vehicle Standards Act 2018\n\nCompilation No. 1\n\nCompilation date: 06/12/2025\n\nIncludes amendments: Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument No. 1 of 2025\n\nPrepared by: Vehicle Safety Policy and Partnerships, Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications, Sport and the Arts\n\n \n\nCONTENTS\n\n \n\nA. legislative provisions\n\nB. function\n\nC. APPLICABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION\n\n23.1. DEFINITIONS\n\n23.2. REQUIREMENTS\n\n23.3. TEST PROCEDURES\n\n23.4. ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS\n\nEndnotes\n\n\nAbout this compilation\n\nThis compilation\n\nThis is a compilation of the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 23/01 – Passenger Car Tyres) 2006 that shows the text of the law as amended and in force on 06/12/2025 (the compilation date).\n\nThe notes at the end of this compilation (the endnotes) include information about amending laws and the amendment history of provisions of the compiled law.\n\nUncommenced amendments\n\nThe effect of uncommenced amendments is not shown in the text of the compiled law. The details of amendments made up to, but not commenced at, the compilation date are underlined in the endnotes. Any uncommenced amendments affecting the law are accessible on the Register (www.legislation.gov.au).\n\nApplication, saving and transitional provisions\n\nIf the operation of a provision or amendment of the compiled law is affected by an application, saving or transitional provision that is not included in this compilation, details are included in the endnotes.\n\nModifications\n\nIf the compiled law is modified by another law, the compiled law operates as modified but the modification does not amend the text of the law. Accordingly, this compilation does not show the text of the compiled law as modified. Any modifications affecting the law are accessible on the Register.\n\nSelf‑repealing provisions\n\nIf a provision of the compiled law has been repealed in accordance with a provision of the law, details are included in the endnotes.\n\n\n1.                                          legislative provisions\n  1.                                   NAME OF STANDARD\n    1.                             This Standard is the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 23/01 – Passenger Car Tyres) 2006.\n    2.                             This Standard may also be cited as Australian Design Rule 23/01 — Passenger Car Tyres.\n2.                                          function\n\n\nThe function of this vehicle standard is to specify requirements of strength, construction and standard pressure/load relationships for passenger car tyres of particular size designations.\n\n1.                                          APPLICABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION\n  1.                                    Applicability Summary\n    1.                              This national standard applies to tyres fitted to vehicles as set out in the table below, however the following vehicles are exempt from this national standard:\n      1.                        MB, MC, MD or NA when fitted with light truck or truck tyres; and\n      2.                        LEP , LEG, TA or TB when fitted with tyres other than new passenger car tyres.\n\n\nVehicles certified to the requirements of any of the Acceptable Prior Rules as shown below in the Applicability Table for a particular category are to be deemed to comply with this national standard.\n\n1.                        ADR 23/00 cannot be used for V, W, Y or Z-rated tyres. In addition, in general to use ADR 23/00, the tyres must have been tested on a ‘Measuring Rim’ in one of the ‘Nominated Standards’.\n\n1.                                    Applicability Table\n\n| Vehicle Category | ADR Category Code | UNECE Category Code | Manufactured on or After | Acceptable Prior Rules |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Moped 2 wheels | LA | L1 | Not applicable |  |\n| Moped 3 wheels | LB | L2 | Not applicable |  |\n| Motor cycle | LC | L3 | Not applicable |  |\n| Motor cycle and sidecar | LD | L4 | Not applicable |  |\n| Motor tricycle | LE | L5 |  |  |\n|  | LEM |  | Not applicable |  |\n|  | LEP |  | 1 July 1992 | Nil |\n|  | LEG |  | 1 July 1992 | Nil |\n| Passenger car | MA | M1 | 1 Jan 1990 | /00 * |\n| Forward-control passenger vehicle | MB | M1 | 1 Jan 1990 | /00 * |\n| Off-road passenger vehicle | MC | M1 | 1 Jan 1990 | /00 * |\n| Light omnibus | MD | M2 |  |  |\n| up to 3.5 tonnes ‘GVM’ and up to 12 seats | MD1 |  | 1 Jan 1990 | /00 * |\n| up to 3.5 tonnes ‘GVM’ and more than 12 seats | MD2 |  | Not applicable |  |\n| over 3.5 tonnes and up to 4.5 tonnes ‘GVM’ | MD3 |  | Not applicable |  |\n| over 4.5 tonnes and up to 5 tonnes ‘GVM’ | MD4 |  | Not applicable |  |\n| Heavy omnibus | ME | M3 | Not applicable |  |\n| Light goods vehicle | NA | N1 | 1 July 1990 | Nil |\n| Medium goods vehicle | NB | N2 | Not applicable |  |\n| Heavy goods vehicle | NC | N3 | Not applicable |  |\n| Very light trailer | TA | O1 | 1 July 1990 | Nil |\n| Light trailer | TB | O2 | 1 July 1990 | Nil |\n| Medium trailer | TC | O3 | Not applicable |  |\n| Heavy trailer | TD | O4 | Not applicable |  |\n\n\n* Refer to clause C.1.1.4\n\n1.                                 DEFINITIONS\n\n\nRefer to Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule Definitions and Vehicle Categories) 2005.\n\n1.                                 REQUIREMENTS\n  1.                           Size and Construction\n    1.                     The tyre manufacturer must specify the ‘Nominated Standard’ with which the tyre design complies in respect to ‘Maximum Load Rating’, inflated dimensions, design or ‘Measuring Rim’ and approved alternative ‘Rim’ fitments.\n    2.                     The ‘Administrator’ may accept a tyre, ‘Rim’ or tyre and ‘Rim’ combination not incorporated in a ‘Nominated Standard’ listed below:\n      1.               the Tyre and Rim Standards Manual of the Tyre and Rim Association of Australia, 1995 Edition;\n      2.               the 1995 (US) Tire and Rim Association Inc. Year Book;\n      3.               the Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers Association Year Book, 1995 Edition;\n      4.               the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS-D4202) dated 1982 “Dimensions of Tires”, and (JIS-D4218) dated 1981 “Contours of Rims”; or\n      5.               the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (E.T.R.T.O.) Data Book dated 1995.\n  2.                           Performance Requirements\n    1.                     General\n\n\nEach new tyre must conform to each of the following:\n\n1.               It must meet the requirements specified in clause 23.2.2.2 for its size designation, type, ‘Maximum Load Rating’, ‘Speed Category’ or ‘Service Description’.\n2.               It must incorporate at least 4 ‘Treadwear Indicators’ approximately equally spaced, each of which provides for a visual indication when the ‘Tread’ in the vicinity of the indicator has a ‘Groove’ depth of 1.60 + 0.40, - 0.25 mm.\n\n\n1.                     Test requirements\n  1.               Test sample selection\n\n\nThree new tyres having identical characteristics when described according to requirements of clause 23.2.3 must comprise a test sample:\n\n1.        one tyre must be used for physical dimensions, resistance to ‘Bead’ unseating, and strength, in sequence;\n2.        a second tyre must be used for tyre endurance; and\n3.        a third tyre for high speed performance.\n\n\n1.               In the tests, pressures must be established within 10 kPa or one psi (as appropriate) of the values specified for each test.\n2.               Physical dimensions requirements\n\n\nEach tyre must conform to each of the following when measured in accordance with clause 23.3.1:\n\n1.        its actual ‘Section Width’, ’Overall Tyre Width’ and ‘Tyre Outer Diameter’ dimensions must be within the maxima and minima specified in the ‘Nominated Standard’ for a new tyre of that size designation and type.\n2.        where the ‘Nominated Standard’ specifies a minimum ‘Size Factor’, the tyre’s ‘Size Factor’ must be at least as large as the specified minimum ‘Size Factor’ for its size designation and type.\n\n\n1.               Resistance to ‘Bead’ unseating requirements (for tubeless tyres only). When tested in accordance with clause 23.3.2 the applied force required to unseat the tyre ‘Bead’ at the point of contact must not be less than:\n  1.        6,670 N for tyres with a ‘Specified Design Section Width’ of less than 6.3 inches, or 160 mm;\n  2.        8,890 N for tyres with a ‘Specified Design Section Width’ of 6.3 inches or 160 mm or more but less than 8 inches or 205 mm; or\n  3.        11,120 N for tyres with a ‘Specified Design Section Width’ of 8 inches or 205 mm or more.\n2.               Tyre strength requirements\n\n\nEach tyre must meet the requirements for minimum breaking energy specified in Table 3 when tested in accordance with clause 23.3.3.\n\n1.               Tyre endurance requirements\n\n\nAfter completion of the laboratory test wheel endurance test specified in clause 23.3.4 no tyre is to have ‘Tread Separation’, ‘Ply Separation’, ‘Cord Separation’, ‘Belt Separation’ or ‘Bead Separation’, ‘Chunking’, or broken cords.\n\n1.                     High speed test requirements\n\n\nAfter completion of the high speed test specified in clause 23.3.5 no tyre is to have ‘Tread Separation’, ‘Ply Separation’, ‘Cord Separation’, ‘Belt Separation’ or ‘Bead Separation’, ‘Chunking’ or broken cords.\n\n1.                           Labelling Requirements. Each tyre must be conspicuously labelled on both ‘Sidewalls’ in the case of symmetrical tyres and at least on the outer ‘Sidewall’ in the case of ‘Asymmetrical Tyres’ with each of the following permanently moulded in letters and figures at least 3.8 mm high and depth at least 0.25 mm if below the background surface or 0.4 mm if above the background surface:\n  1.                     tyre size designation, which includes the ‘Speed Category’ symbol as determined from Table 4 either within the size designation or adjacent to the size designation as part of the ‘Service Description’, and ‘Tyre Carcass Construction Symbol’ for ‘Radial Ply Tyres’ or ‘Bias-belted Tyres’ and optionally, in the case of ‘Diagonal Ply Tyres’;\n  2.                     the ‘Maximum Load Rating’ for the tyre expressed in kilograms followed by the word “kilograms” (or “KILOGRAMS”) or the abbreviation “kg” (or “KG”) or the ‘Maximum Load Rating’ for the tyre expressed in pounds followed by the word “pounds” (or “POUNDS”) or the abbreviation “lbs” (or “LBS”) or the ‘Load Index’ symbol (from Table 2) adjacent to the size designation as part of the ‘Service Description’. Tyres must be labelled unambiguously in respect to ‘Maximum Load Rating’ or ‘Load Index’;\n\n1.               For tyres with a ‘Speed Category’ “V”, “W”, “Y” or “Z”, the ‘Maximum Load Rating’ labelled on the tyre ‘Sidewall(s)’ must be the maximum load which applies at speeds up to the following:\n\n\nSpeed Category “V” - 210 km/h\n\nSpeed Category “W” and “Z”  - 240 km/h\n\nSpeed Category “Y”  - 270 km/h\n\n1.                     identification of manufacturer by:\n  1.               Name; or\n  2.               Brand name and an ‘Approved’ code mark;\n2.                     the word “TUBELESS” if applicable;\n3.                     the word “RADIAL” if applicable;\n4.                     the words “BIAS-BELTED” if applicable;\n5.                     a date code consisting of 3 digits, the first 2 nominating the week of the year and the third digit the year of manufacture on at least one ‘Sidewall’ of the tyre; and\n6.                     in the case of ‘Asymmetrical Tyres’, a clear indication which side of the tyre is to face outwards when fitted to the vehicle.\n\n\n1.                                 TEST PROCEDURES\n  1.                           Physical Dimensions Test\n    1.                     Determine tyres physical dimensions under uniform ambient conditions as follows.\n      1.               Mount the tyre on a ‘Test Rim’ and inflate it to the pressure specified for measurement in the ‘Nominated Standard’.\n      2.               If no pressure is specified for measurement, mount the tyre on a ‘Test Rim’ and inflate it to the pressure designated for its ‘Maximum Load Rating’ in the ‘Nominated Standard’ reduced by 60 kPa (or 8 psi as appropriate).\n    2.                     Condition it at ambient room temperature for at least 24 hours.\n    3.                     Readjust pressure to that specified in clauses 23.3.1.1.1 or 23.3.1.1.2 as appropriate.\n    4.                     Caliper the ‘Section Width’ and ‘Overall Tyre Width’ at 6 points approximately equally spaced around the tyre circumference.\n    5.                     Record the average of these measurements as the ‘Section Width’ and ‘Overall Tyre Width’, respectively.\n    6.                     Determine ‘Tyre Outer Diameter’ by measuring the maximum circumference of the tyre and dividing this dimension by π.\n  2.                           Resistance to ‘Bead’ Unseating Test (for tubeless tyres only)\n    1.                     Preparation of tyre ‘Test Rim’ assembly\n      1.               Wash the tyre, dry it at the ‘Beads’, and mount it without lubrication or adhesive on a clean, painted test ‘Rim’.\n      2.               Adjust the pressure to the applicable pressure specified in clause 23.3.1.1.2 at ambient room temperature.\n      3.               Mount the tyre and ‘Test Rim’ in the fixture shown in Figure 1, and force either of the standard blocks shown in Figure 2 against the tyre ‘Sidewall’ as required by the geometry of the fixture, or by any other ‘Approved’ test procedure.\n    2.                     Test procedure\n      1.               Apply the load through the block to the tyre’s outer ‘Sidewall’ at a distance no less than that specified in Figure 1 or the mid point of the tyre’s section height, for the applicable ‘Test Rim’ at a rate of 5010 mm per minute, with the load arm substantially parallel to the tyre and ‘Rim’ assembly at the time of engagement.\n      2.               Increase the load until the ‘Bead’ unseats or the applicable value specified in clause 23.2.2.2.4 is reached.\n      3.               This test must be repeated at least 4 times at locations approximately equally spaced around the tyre circumference.\n  3.                           Tyre Strength (Breaking Energy) Test\n    1.                     Preparation of tyre\n      1.               Mount the tyre on a ‘Test Rim’ and inflate it to the applicable pressure specified in clause 23.3.1.1.2.\n      2.               Condition it at test room temperature for at least 3 hours.\n      3.               Readjust its pressure to that specified in clause 23.3.1.1.2.\n    2.                     Test procedure\n      1.               Force a cylindrical steel plunger with a hemispherical end and a diameter of 19±1.6 mm perpendicularly into the ‘Tread’ as near to the centreline as possible, avoiding penetration into any ‘Tread’ ‘Groove’, at the rate of 50 ±10 mm per minute.\n      2.               Record the force and penetration at the moment of breaking at each of 5 test points approximately equally spaced around the circumference of the tyre. If the tyre fails to break before the plunger is stopped on reaching the ‘Rim’, and the required minimum breaking energy is not achieved, then the required minimum breaking energy is deemed to have been achieved at that point.\n      3.               Compute the breaking energy for each test point by means of the following formula:\n\n\n![start formula W equals start fraction F x P over 2,000 end fraction end formula](image.002.png)\n\n \n\nwhere:\n\nW = Energy, joules\n\nF = Force, newtons\n\nP = Penetration, mm.\n\n1.               Determine the breaking energy value for the tyre by computing the average of the 5 values obtained in accordance with clause 23.3.3.2.3.\n\n\n1.                           Tyre Endurance Test\n  1.                     Preparation of tyre\n    1.               Mount a new tyre on a ‘Test Rim’ and inflate it to the applicable pressure specified in clause 23.3.1.1.2.\n    2.               Condition the tyre assembly at a temperature not less than 35oC for at least 3 hours.\n    3.               Readjust tyre pressure to that specified in clause 23.3.1.1.2 immediately before testing.\n  2.                     Test procedure\n    1.               Mount the tyre and ‘Test Rim’ assembly on a test axle and press it against a flat-faced steel test wheel of an outside diameter not greater than 1.71 metres and at least as wide as the ‘Section Width’ of the tyre to be tested, or an ‘Approved’ equivalent test wheel.\n    2.               During the test the ambient temperature at a distance of not less than 150 mm and not more than one metre from the tyre shall be at least 35oC. No provision is to be made for cooling the tyre during the test.\n    3.               Conduct the test at not less than 80 km/h test speed with loads and test periods not less than those shown in the following schedule:-\n\n- TEST PERIODS\n- (1) for 4 hours (2) for 6 hours (3) for 24 hours\n- Test Loads as Percentage of ‘Maximum Load Rating’ 85.0 % 90.0 % 100 %\n\n\n1.                           High Speed Test\n  1.                     Preparation of tyre\n    1.               Mount the tyre on a ‘Test Rim’ and inflate it to a pressure equal to the pressure specified in the ‘Nominated Standard’ for its ‘Maximum Load Rating’ plus an increase no greater than that specified in Table 1 for its ‘Speed Category’.\n    2.               Condition the tyre assembly at a temperature not less than 35oC for at least 3 hours.\n    3.               Readjust the tyre pressure to that specified in clause 23.3.5.1.1 immediately before testing.\n  2.                     Test procedure\n    1.               Mount the tyre and ‘Test Rim’ assembly on a test axle and press it against a flat-faced, steel test wheel of an outside diameter not greater than 1.71 metres, and at least as wide as the ‘Section Width’ of the tyre to be tested (or an ‘Approved’ equivalent test wheel) with a load not less than the percentage of the ‘Maximum Load Rating’ of the tyre,\n\n\n‘Speed Category’ “H” and below  - 80.0%\n\n‘Speed Category’ “V” - 72.8%\n\n‘Speed Category’ “W”, “Y” and “Z” - 68.0%\n\n1.               During the test the ambient temperature at a distance of not less than 150 mm and not more than one metre from the tyre shall be at least 35oC. No provision is be made for cooling the tyre during the test.\n2.               Operate the equipment to bring the ‘Test Wheel Speed’ from zero up to the initial ‘Test Wheel Speed’ in a period of at least 10 minutes.\n3.               Except in the case of tyres with a ‘Speed Category’ “Z” the initial ‘Test Wheel Speed’ is equal to the maximum speed shown in Table 1 as corresponding to the tyres ‘Speed Category’ symbol, less 40 km/h.\n4.               The initial ‘Test Wheel Speed’ for tyres of ‘Speed Category’ “Z” must be at least 200 km/h.\n5.               Operate the equipment with the ‘Test Wheel Speed’ not less than the initial ‘Test Wheel Speed’ for at least 10 minutes, then at not less than the initial ‘Test Wheel Speed’ plus 10 km/h for at least a further 10 minutes, then at not less than the initial ‘Test Wheel Speed’ plus 20 km/h for at least a further 10 minutes and finally at not less than the initial ‘Test Wheel Speed’ plus 30 km/h for at least a further 20 minutes.\n\n\n1.                                 ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS\n\n\nThe technical requirements specified in Annex 7 of the United Nations Regulation No. 30/02 (including Supplement 1 to the 02 Series of Amendments) - Tyres are deemed to be equivalent to the technical requirements of clause 23.2.2.2.7 (High Speed Test) of this rule.\n\n\nTABLE 1 -\n\nMAXIMUM PRESSURE INCREASE - HIGH SPEED TEST\n\n \n\n- ‘SPEED CATEGORY’ ‘Rim’ DIAMETER ‘MAXIMUM VEHICLE SPEED PRESSURE INCREASE\n- 24/00’ Diagonal andBias-belted Radial\n- km/h kPa kPa\n- (-) or unmarked All values(for ‘Speed Category’L – Z) 170 (for radial plyonly) refer below 30\n- L 120 NIL NIL\n- M 130 10 NIL\n- N 140 20 NIL\n- P 150 30 10\n- Q 160 40 20\n- R 170 50 30\n- S 180 60 40\n- T 190 70 50\n- U 200 80 60\n- H 210 90 70\n- V 240 90 70\n- W 270 90\n- Y 300 90\n- Z Over 240 90\n- (-) or unmarked 10 inch 120 NIL -\n- 12 inch 135 15 -\n- >13 inch 150 30 -\n\n\n \n\n# TABLE 2\n\nLIST OF ‘LOAD INDEX’ SYMBOLS versus ‘Maximum Load Rating’\n\n \n\n- ‘LOAD INDEX’ SYMBOL ‘Max. Load Rating’ (kg)\n- 0 45\n- 1 46.2\n- 2 47.5\n- 3 48.7\n- 4 50\n- 5 51.5\n- 6 53\n- 7 54.5\n- 8 56\n- 9 58\n- 10 60\n- 11 61.5\n- 12 63\n- 13 65\n- 14 67\n- 15 69\n- 16 71\n- 17 73\n- 18 75\n- 19 77.5\n- 20 80\n- 21 82.5\n- 22 85\n- 23 87.5\n- 24 90\n- 25 92.5\n- 26 95\n- 27 97.5\n- 28 100\n- 29 103\n- 30 106\n- 31 109\n- 32 112\n- 33 115\n- 34 118\n- 35 121\n- 36 125\n- 37 128\n- 38 132\n- 39 136\n- 40 140\n- 41 145\n- 42 150\n- 43 155\n- 44 160\n- 45 165\n- 46 170\n- 47 175\n- 48 180\n- 49 185\n- 50 190\n- 51 195\n- 52 200\n- 53 206\n- 54 212\n- 55 218\n- 56 224\n- 57 230\n- 58 236\n- 59 243\n- 60 250\n- 61 257\n- 62 265\n- 63 272\n- 64 280\n- 65 290\n- 66 300\n- 67 307\n- 68 315\n- 69 325\n- 70 335\n- 71 345\n- 72 355\n- 73 365\n- 74 375\n- 75 387\n- 76 400\n- 77 412\n- 78 425\n- 79 437\n- 80 450\n- 81 462\n- 82 475\n- 83 487\n- 84 500\n- 85 515\n- 86 530\n- 87 545\n- 88 560\n- 89 580\n- 90 600\n- 91 615\n- 92 630\n- 93 650\n- 94 670\n- 95 690\n- 96 710\n- 97 730\n- 98 750\n- 99 775\n- 100 800\n- 101 825\n- 102 850\n- 103 875\n- 104 900\n- 105 925\n- 106 950\n- 107 975\n- 108 1,000\n- 109 1,030\n- 110 1,060\n- 111 1,090\n- 112 1,120\n- 113 1,150\n- 114 1,180\n- 115 1,215\n- 116 1,250\n- 117 1,285\n- 118 1,320\n- 119 1,360\n- 120 1,400\n\n \n\nTABLE 3\n\nMINIMUM BREAKING ENERGY VALUES (JOULES)\n\n \n\n- PRESSURES SPECIFIED IN kPa PRESSURES SPECIFIED IN psi\n- Test inflation pressure 180 220 24 28 32\n- Breaking Energy (joules) 295 585 295 440 585\n\n\n \n\nFor tyres with a test inflation pressure other than as specified above, the required minimum breaking energy value is given by the relevant formulae shown below:\n\n \n\nEquation in metric\n\n \n\nB.E. (Joules) = 7.35 x (P1 - 140)\n\n \n\nwhere: P1 = test pressure in kPa\n\n \n\n \n\nEquation in imperial\n\n \n\nB.E. (Joules) = 36.7 x (P2 - 16)\n\n \n\nwhere: P2 = test pressure in psi\n\n \n\n \n\nFor rayon ‘Diagonal Ply Tyres’ or rayon ‘Bias-Belted Tyres’, the required breaking energy value is to be reduced by 36.5 per cent.\n\n \n\nFor tyres with ‘Specified Design Section Width’ less than 160 mm (or 6.30 inches) the required breaking energy value is to be reduced (or further reduced) by 25.0 per cent.\n\nTABLE 4\n\nSPEED CATEGORY FOR TYRE\n\n \n\n- ‘SPEED CATEGORY’\n- SYMBOL L M N P Q R S T U H V W Y Z\n- ‘Maximum Vehicle Speed 24/00’ for which tyre is rated\n- (km/h) 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 240 270 300 over 240\n\n\n \n\nFor tyres marked with a - or in the absence of any of the above symbols, the ‘Speed Category’ must be as follows:\n\n \n\n| Diagonal or Bias-Belted | 10 inch ‘Rim’ Diameter | 120 km/h |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  | 12 inch ‘Rim’ Diameter | 135 km/h |\n|  | 13 inch ‘Rim’ Diameter and over | 150 km/h |\n| Radial | All ‘Rim’ Diameters | 170 km/h |\n\n\n \n\n![Figure 1 - 'Bead' Unseating Fixture&#xA;&#xA;Figure shows the arrangement and dimensions (in mm) of the bead unseating fixture](image.003.png)\n\n \n\n \n\nFigure 1 - ‘Bead’ Unseating Fixture\n\n \n\nNote – Dimensions in mm\n\n \n\n| ‘Test Rim’ Nominal<br>Diameter | Dimension A |\n| --- | --- |\n| inches | mm |\n| 19 | 330 |\n| 18 | 318 |\n| 17 | 305 |\n| 16 | 292 |\n| 15 | 279 |\n| 14 | 267 |\n| 13 | 254 |\n| 12 | 241 |\n| 11 | 229 |\n| 10 | 216 |\n|  |  |\n| mm | mm |\n| 290 | 229 |\n| 315 | 241 |\n| 340 | 254 |\n| 365 | 267 |\n| 390 | 279 |\n| 415 | 292 |\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n![Figure 2 - Diagrams of 'Bead' Unseating Blocks&#xA;&#xA;Figure shows a series of diagrams of 'Bead' unseating blocks arranged vertically on the page. The details are - dimensions mm; material is aluminium 355; T-6 Condition; and finish is 1.25 micrometre or other 'Approved' material](image.004.png)\n\nFigure 2 - Diagrams of ‘Bead’ Unseating Blocks\n\n \n\n(Dimensions in mm)\n\nMaterial: Aluminium 355\n\nT-6 Condition\n\nFinish - 1.25 micrometre; or\n\nother ‘Approved’ material\n\nEndnotes\n\nEndnote 1—About the endnotes\n\nThe endnotes provide information about this compilation and the compiled law.\n\nThe following endnotes are included in every compilation:\n\nEndnote 1—About the endnotes\n\nEndnote 2—Abbreviation key\n\nEndnote 3—Legislation history\n\nEndnote 4—Amendment history\n\nAbbreviation key—Endnote 2\n\nThe abbreviation key sets out abbreviations that may be used in the endnotes.\n\nLegislation history and amendment history—Endnotes 3 and 4\n\nAmending laws are annotated in the legislation history and amendment history.\n\nThe legislation history in endnote 3 provides information about each law that has amended (or will amend) the compiled law. The information includes commencement details for amending laws and details of any application, saving or transitional provisions that are not included in this compilation.\n\nThe amendment history in endnote 4 provides information about amendments at the provision (generally section or equivalent) level. It also includes information about any provision of the compiled law that has been repealed in accordance with a provision of the law.\n\nMisdescribed amendments\n\nA misdescribed amendment is an amendment that does not accurately describe how an amendment is to be made. If, despite the misdescription, the amendment can be given effect as intended, then the misdescribed amendment can be incorporated through an editorial change made under section 15V of the Legislation Act 2003.\n\nIf a misdescribed amendment cannot be given effect as intended, the amendment is not incorporated and “(md not incorp)” is added to the amendment history.  \n\n\nEndnote 2—Abbreviation key\n\n \n\n| ad = added or inserted | orig = original |\n| --- | --- |\n| am = amended | p = page(s) |\n| amdt = amendment | para = paragraph(s)/subparagraph(s)/sub-subparagraph(s) |\n| C[x] = Compilation No. x | pres = present |\n| ch = Chapter(s) | prev = previous |\n| cl = clause(s) | (prev…) = previously |\n| cont. = continued | pt = Part(s) |\n| def = definition(s) | r = regulation(s)/Court rule(s) |\n| Dict = Dictionary | reloc = relocated |\n| disallowed = disallowed by Parliament | renum = renumbered |\n| div = Division(s) | rep = repealed |\n| exp = expires/expired or ceases/ceased to have effect | rs = repealed and substituted |\n| gaz = gazette | s = section(s)/subsection(s) /rule(s)/subrule(s)/order(s)/suborder(s) |\n| LA = Legislation Act 2003 | sch = Schedule(s) |\n| LIA = Legislative Instruments Act 2003 | SLI = Select Legislative Instrument |\n| (md not incorp) = misdescribed amendment cannot be given effect | SR = Statutory Rules |\n| mod = modified/modification | sub ch = Sub‑Chapter(s) |\n| No. = Number(s) | sub div = Subdivision(s) |\n|  | sub pt = Subpart(s) |\n|  | underlining = whole or part not commenced or to be commenced |\n\n\n\n\n\nEndnote 3—Legislation history\n\n \n\n| Name | Registration | Commencement | Application, saving and transitional provisions |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 23/01 – Passenger Car Tyres) 2006 | 09/06/2006 | 10/06/2006 |  |\n| Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument No. 1 of 2025 | 05/12/2025 | 06/12/2025 |  |\n\n\n\n\n\nEndnote 4—Amendment history\n\n \n\n- Provision affected How affected Amending legislation/instrument\n- A.2. del Legislation Act 2003 – section 48D\n- A.3. del Legislation Act 2003 – section 48C\n- C.1.1.4. am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument No. 1 of 2025\n- 23.2.1.2. am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument No. 1 of 2025\n- 23.2.3.2. am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument No. 1 of 2025\n- 23.3.1.6. am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument No. 1 of 2025\n- 23.3.2.2.1. am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument No. 1 of 2025\n- 23.4. am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument No. 1 of 2025\n- Table 1 am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument No. 1 of 2025\n- Table 3 am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument No. 1 of 2025\n- Table 4 am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument No. 1 of 2025\n\n\n \n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The instrument has been amended (see Endnote 4) to update technical parameters and to recognise alternative compliance pathways. Notably, clause 23.4 now deems Annex 7 of UN Regulation No. 30/02 equivalent to this ADR’s high‑speed test, and several technical clauses and tables were amended (23.2.1.2; 23.2.3.2; 23.3.1.6; 23.3.2.2.1; Table 1; Table 3; Table 4). These changes broaden acceptable testing/standards routes and revise numerical test settings while leaving the ADR’s core subject—mandatory tyre design, test and labelling requirements—intact."},"complexity_factors":["Detailed, technical test procedures with tight tolerances across multiple tests (physical dimensions, bead unseating, breaking energy, endurance, high‑speed) (clauses 23.3.1–23.3.5).","Multiple interlocking performance requirements and pass/fail criteria (clauses 23.2.2 and related tables).","Cross‑references to external ADR definitions and prior rules, creating dependency on other instruments (see Definitions; Applicability Table and footnote C.1.1.4).","Administrative discretion to accept non‑listed rims/standards or alternate test procedures (clause 23.2.1.2), which adds regulatory judgement to compliance outcomes.","Numeric tables, unit conversions and formulae (Tables 1, 2, 3; breaking energy equations) requiring technical calculation and dual‑unit handling (kPa/psi).","Multiple vehicle categories and conditional applicability in the Applicability Table, producing scope edge cases for manufacturers and importers.","Explicit labelling specifications (type, load rating, speed category, date codes, moulding depths) that impose manufacturing and quality‑control steps (labelling clause).","Equipment and specimen specifications (plunger diameter, test wheel dimensions, fixture geometry, Figures 1–2) that require calibrated test hardware.","Equivalence paths to international standards (clause 23.4) and recent amendments to tables and clauses (Endnote 4), increasing options but also interpretation work for compliance officers."],"plain_english_summary":"This national standard sets mandatory design, testing and labelling rules for new passenger‑car tyres: tyre manufacturers must nominate the standard, label tyres and demonstrate compliance with prescribed dimension, bead‑unseating, breaking‑energy, endurance and high‑speed tests (clauses 23.2–23.3). The Administrator may accept alternative rim/standard combinations and equivalence with UN Regulation 30 (clause 23.2.1.2; 23.4). Who pays and acts: manufacturers bear testing, certification and labelling costs; regulators decide acceptances and enforce compliance."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The legislation remains tightly focused on its original purpose: setting safety and construction standards for passenger car tyres. The 2025 amendments appear to be technical updates to testing procedures and alternative standards references rather than scope expansion. The applicability table and core requirements (strength, endurance, high-speed testing, labelling) remain consistent with the 2006 original intent."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive defined terms referenced externally to ADR Definitions and Vehicle Categories 2005 rather than defined within the instrument itself","Multiple nested conditional requirements (e.g., different test pressures depending on whether values are specified in Nominated Standards, with fallback calculations)","Complex applicability matrix with 19 vehicle categories, each with different commencement dates and grandfathering provisions for prior rules","Mathematical formulae for breaking energy calculations with metric/imperial bifurcation and percentage reductions for specific tyre types","Speed category-dependent testing protocols with five distinct load/speed combinations and pressure increase tables","Cross-references to five different external standards manuals (Tyre and Rim Association, US Year Book, JATMA, JIS, ETRTO) plus UN Regulation No. 30/02 as alternative compliance pathway","Detailed procedural specifications including fixture diagrams with dimensional tables (Figure 1 and 2) and precise measurement tolerances (e.g., 50±10 mm per minute)"],"plain_english_summary":"This law sets mandatory safety requirements for passenger-car, light-vehicle and certain trailer tyres sold or fitted in Australia (vehicles from 1990 onward). It requires conformity to recognised construction and performance standards, five laboratory tests, permanent marking and treadwear indicators so tyres meet load, speed and durability expectations.\n\nIt affects tyre manufacturers, importers and vehicle makers, and—by raising market standards—protects drivers. 2025 updates modernised testing and aligned alternative standards with newer UN regulations."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/vehicle-standard-australian-design-rule-23-01-passenger-car-tyres-2006","history":"/api/acts/vehicle-standard-australian-design-rule-23-01-passenger-car-tyres-2006/history","analysis":"/api/acts/vehicle-standard-australian-design-rule-23-01-passenger-car-tyres-2006/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/vehicle-standard-australian-design-rule-23-01-passenger-car-tyres-2006/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/vehicle-standard-australian-design-rule-23-01-passenger-car-tyres-2006/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/vehicle-standard-australian-design-rule-23-01-passenger-car-tyres-2006/documents"}}