{"id":"upurl-upurlila-ngurratja-incorporated-bylaws","name":"Upurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated By-laws","slug":"upurl-upurlila-ngurratja-incorporated-by-laws","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"wa","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":182308,"registerId":"wa-upurl-upurlila-ngurratja-incorporated-bylaws-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-05","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Upurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated By-laws","content":"![Crest]()Western Australia\n\nAboriginal Communities Act 1979\n\nUpurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated By-laws\n\nWestern Australia\n\nUpurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated By-laws\n\nContents\n\nPart 1 — Preliminary\n\n1. Citation 1\n\n2. Commencement 1\n\n3. Definitions 1\n\nPart 2 — Community lands\n\n4. Permission required to enter community land 3\n\n5. Remain on community lands 3\n\n6. Restriction of entry into areas 4\n\n7. Homes 4\n\nPart 3 — Liquor and deleterious substances\n\n8. Restriction of liquor 5\n\n9. Pharmaceutical 5\n\n10. Deleterious substance or petrol 5\n\nPart 4 — Traffic\n\n11. Traffic signs 6\n\n12. Careless and dangerous driving 6\n\nPart 5 — The regulation of other matters\n\n13. Offensive behaviour 7\n\n14. Wilful damage 7\n\n15. Disruption of meetings 7\n\nPart 6 — Enforcement and proceedings\n\n16. Powers of Police 8\n\n17. Procedure 9\n\nPart 7 — Penalties and orders of the Court\n\n18. Penalties 10\n\n19. Defence of acting under custom 10\n\n20. Council members 10\n\nNotes\n\nCompilation table 11\n\nDefined terms\n\n  \n\nWestern Australia\n\nAboriginal Communities Act 1979\n\nUpurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated By‑laws\n\n## Part 1 — Preliminary\n\n##### 1. Citation\n\nThese by‑laws may be cited as the *Upurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated By‑laws* 1.\n\n##### 2. Commencement\n\nThese by‑laws shall come into effect when approved by the Governor and published in the *Government Gazette* 1.\n\n##### 3. Definitions\n\nIn these by‑laws unless the context requires otherwise —\n\n  by‑law means one of these by‑laws;\n\n  community land means that land declared by the Governor under section 6 of the Act to be the community lands of the community;\n\n  the Act means the *Aboriginal Communities Act 1979*;\n\n  the community means (as the context requires) Upurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated and that collective group comprising the membership of Upurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated, their spouses and dependents (where not members in their own right) and member of the community has a correlative meaning;\n\n  liquor means liquor as defined in the *Liquor Licensing Act 1988*;\n\n  deleterious substance means glue or any volatile liquid containing hydrocarbons;\n\n  vehicle means any motor vehicle, designed and manufactured to be capable of self propulsion and includes any trailer or caravan while attached to a vehicle;\n\n  the Council means the Council of Upurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated.\n\nThese by‑laws shall apply —\n\n(a) on all community land; and\n\n(b) to all persons on community land, whether members of the community or not.\n\n## Part 2 — Community lands\n\n##### 4. Permission required to enter community land\n\nSave as otherwise provided by any law of the State or Commonwealth —\n\n(a) no person who is not recognised by the Council to be Aboriginal, may enter or remain on community land without prior permission of the Council;\n\n(b) such permission may be given either orally or in writing and may be subject to such terms or conditions as the Council sees fit;\n\n(c) the Council may revoke such permission at any time and without the necessity of stating any reason for the action;\n\n(d) the Council may order any person whatsoever (other than a member of the community) to leave community land and to remain off community land for such a time as the Council may direct;\n\n(e) employees of Government departments of the State or Commonwealth entering or being on community lands in connection with their duties shall be deemed to have permission under paragraph (a);\n\n(f) the Council may act through any of its members to make or to revoke any of the permission or directions referred to in this by‑law.\n\n##### 5. Remain on community lands\n\n(a) A person who requires permission under these by‑laws shall not enter or remain on community land without permission.\n\n(b) A person who has permission under these by‑laws to enter or remain on community land shall not contravene any term or condition of that permission to be or remain on community land.\n\n(c) Any person ordered by the Council to leave community land shall do so as is reasonably possible.\n\n##### 6. Restriction of entry into areas\n\nSubject to the provisions of any Act or regulation to the contrary —\n\n(a) the Council may place signs on community land for the purpose of prohibiting entry to the part of land on which the sign is placed or to such part of the community land as indicated by the inscription of the sign;\n\n(b) any person who fails to obey directions of the inscription on such a sign commits a breach of these by‑laws.\n\n##### 7. Homes\n\nAny person who is told (by the principal occupant or by the person then in charge thereof) to leave the house of another and who refuses to leave as directed commits a breach of these by‑laws.\n\n## Part 3 — Liquor and deleterious substances\n\n##### 8. Restriction of liquor\n\nThe Council may, in its discretion and subject to such terms, conditions and restrictions as it sees fit —\n\n(a) permit any person to bring, possess, use of supply liquor on community lands;\n\n(b) no person shall, without the permission of the Council, bring, possess, use or supply liquor on community lands;\n\n(c) no person shall enter onto or remain on community land whilst under the influence of liquor to the extent that his behaviour causes alarm, annoyance or upset to members of the community.\n\n##### 9. Pharmaceutical\n\nPharmaceutical preparations and substances properly used in the ordinary course of medical practice shall exempt from the operation of this by‑law whilst in the possession or control of a medical professional or where properly prescribed and issued to a patient by a medical professional.\n\n##### 10. Deleterious substance or petrol\n\n(a) A person shall not be in possession of a deleterious substance or petrol on community land for the purpose of inhalation.\n\n(b) A person shall not sell or supply a deleterious substance or petrol to another person on community land if there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the other person —\n\n(i) intends to use the deleterious substance for the purpose of inhalation; or\n\n(ii) intends to sell or supply the deleterious substance for the purpose of inhalation.\n\n## Part 4 — Traffic\n\n##### 11. Traffic signs\n\n(a) The Council may place signs (‘traffic signs’) on community land for the purpose of regulating vehicle traffic.\n\n(b) Any person who fails to obey the directions of the inscription on a traffic sign commits a breach of these by‑laws.\n\n##### 12. Careless and dangerous driving\n\n(a) No person shall drive a vehicle on community land without due care and attention.\n\n(b) No person shall drive a vehicle on community land in a manner which, having regard to all of the circumstances, is dangerous to any person.\n\n(c) No person shall drive a vehicle owned by the community or leased or hired to the community —\n\n(i) without first having the permission of the Council or of a person placed by the Council in charge or control of the vehicle for the time being;\n\n(ii) when under the influence of a prohibited substance;\n\n(iii) without being the holder of a current valid motor driver’s licence of a class appropriate to the vehicle to be driven.\n\n## Part 5 — The regulation of other matters\n\n##### 13. Offensive behaviour\n\nNo person shall cause a disturbance or annoyance to other persons by using abusive language, fighting or otherwise behaving in an offensive or disorderly manner.\n\n##### 14. Wilful damage\n\nNo person shall damage any tree, bush, lawn, building, structure, vehicle or other thing, whether the property of the community or of any individual person.\n\n##### 15. Disruption of meetings\n\nNo person shall interrupt any meeting of the Council or of the community, or any customary meeting, by noise or any offensive or disorderly behaviour.\n\n## Part 6 — Enforcement and proceedings\n\n##### 16. Powers of Police\n\nA member of the Police Force may —\n\n(a) take proceedings against any person for a breach of these by‑laws;\n\n(b) where any person has committed or is found committing an offence against these by‑laws and it appears to the Police Officer on reasonable grounds to be likely that injury to persons or damage to property will be caused by that person if left at large; apprehend and remove that person from community land;\n\n(c) request the name and address of any person who he believes on reasonable grounds —\n\n(i) to be on community land, committed a breach of by‑law; or\n\n(ii) to have, while on community land, committed a breach of by‑law;\n\n(d) if he has reasonable cause to suspect that a prohibited substance is in any vehicle in contravention of these by‑laws: stop, detain and search such vehicle and seize any deleterious substance and any receptacle containing a deleterious substance which he may find in or on the vehicle and may retain in his custody or control any property so seized until dealt with according to these by‑laws;\n\n(e) if a prohibited substance is found in a vehicle through the exercise of the power conferred by by‑law 17, seize the vehicle, search and detain it for up to maximum period of 14 days if such is considered necessary by the Police Officer, on reasonable grounds to prevent a repetition of the prescribed conduct.\n\n##### 17. Procedure\n\nSubject to the *Child Welfare Act 1947*, proceedings for an offence against by‑law shall be commenced by the way of complaint and summons under and in accordance with the *Justices Act 1902* 2, and shall be commenced within 6 months after the offence was committed.\n\n## Part 7 — Penalties and orders of the Court\n\n##### 18. Penalties\n\n(a) Any person who breaches or fails to comply with any of these by‑laws is guilty of an offence and is liable to a fine of not more than $100.\n\n(b) In addition to any fine imposed under paragraph (a), the Court may order any person convicted of an offence under these by‑laws to pay compensation not greater than $250 to the community or to any person, where, in the course of committing the offence, the person convicted has caused damage to property of the community or of that other person.\n\n(c) In any prosecution for an offence under these by‑laws having as an element the possession or use of a prohibited substance a Court upon proceeding to conviction of the person charged may make such orders as it sees fit concerning the destruction, disposal or forfeiture of property seized pursuant to an exercise of the power contained in by‑law 16(d).\n\n[By-law 18 amended: Gazette 14 May 2004 p. 1457.]\n\n##### 19. Defence of acting under custom\n\nIt is a defence to a complaint of an offence against these by‑laws to show that the defendant was acting under and excused by a custom of the community.\n\n##### 20. Council members\n\n(a) Council member who is charged with an offence against by‑law 8 shall be deemed to have ceased to be effective Councillor.\n\n(b) In the event that such charge against the Council member is withdrawn or is dismissed after trial then, by that occurrence he shall be restored to his former position.\n\nNotes\n\n1 This reprint is a compilation as at 13 May 2005 of the *Upurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated By-laws* and includes the amendments made by the other written laws referred to in the following table. The table also contains information about any reprint.\n\nCompilation table\n\n| **Citation** | **Gazettal** | **Commencement** |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| *Upurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated By‑laws* | 21 Sep 1990 p. 4886‑9 | 21 Sep 1990 (see bl. 2) |\n| *Sentencing Legislation (Short Sentences ‑ Aboriginal Community By‑Laws) Amendment Regulations 2004* r. 18 | 14 May 2004 p. 1451-8 | 15 May 2004 (see r. 2 and *Gazette* 14 May 2004 p. 1445) |\n| **Reprint 1: The *Upurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated By‑laws* as at 13 May 2005** (includes amendments listed above) | | |\n\n\n2 The short title was changed to the *Criminal Procedure (Summary) Act 1902* by the *Courts Legislation Amendment and Repeal Act 2004* s. 23 and was then repealed by the *Criminal Procedure and Appeals (Consequential and Other Provisions) Act 2004* s. 4.\n\nDefined terms\n\n*[This is a list of terms defined and the provisions where they are defined. The list is not part of the law.]*\n\n**Defined term Provision(s)**\n\nby‑law 3\n\ncommunity land 3\n\ndeleterious substance 3\n\nliquor 3\n\nmember of the community 3\n\nthe Act 3\n\nthe community 3\n\nthe Council 3\n\nvehicle 3\n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"summary":{"complexity_score":1,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Scope cannot be assessed as no legislative text was available for analysis. The content provided is solely a webpage error notice indicating the requested legislation is no longer accessible at the given URL."},"complexity_factors":["No actual legislative content was retrievable — the source is a 404-style error page","Cannot assess complexity of the underlying by-laws without access to their text","Minimal complexity in interpreting an error message"],"plain_english_summary":"**No legislation could be retrieved.**\n\nThe link provided does not lead to actual legislation — it leads to a **broken or removed webpage** on the Western Australian legislation website. The page for the *Upurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated By-laws* is no longer available, likely due to a website system upgrade that changed the URL structure.\n\n**What this means for you:** If you need to read or rely on these by-laws, you should:\n- Navigate directly to the Western Australian legislation website (legislation.wa.gov.au) and search for the document by name\n- Contact the Parliamentary Counsel's Office Helpdesk as suggested on the error page\n- Check whether the by-laws have been repealed, replaced, or renamed\n\nNo legal analysis of the substance of these by-laws is possible from the content provided."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The by-laws appear consistent with their original purpose under the Aboriginal Communities Act 1979. They cover the standard domains expected for community governance: land access control, alcohol and substance restrictions, traffic management, public order, and enforcement mechanisms. The 2004 amendment updated procedural references (penalties and court procedures) but did not expand the substantive scope beyond the original framework of community self-regulation."},"complexity_factors":["Short document (20 by-laws across 7 Parts, approximately 4 pages)","Only 8 defined terms in the interpretation section","Minimal cross-referencing (primarily internal references to 'the Act' and specific by-law numbers)","Simple conditional logic (mostly straightforward prohibitions with 'unless' or 'if' clauses)","One nested exception in by-law 9 (pharmaceutical exemption to deleterious substance rules)","Straightforward penalty structure with fixed maximum amounts","Single amendment noted (by-law 18 in 2004) indicating limited legislative churn"],"plain_english_summary":"These are local rules (called 'by-laws') made under Western Australia's Aboriginal Communities Act 1979 for a specific Aboriginal community called Upurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated.\n\n**What these rules do:**\nThey set out how people must behave on the community's land, who can enter, and what is banned. The community's Council has significant power to control access and set conditions for visitors.\n\n**Key rules include:**\n\n*   **Entry and access:** Non-Aboriginal people generally cannot enter the community's land without permission from the Council. The Council can revoke this permission at any time without explanation and can order people to leave. Government workers doing their jobs are exempt from needing permission.\n*   **Restricted areas:** The Council can put up signs banning entry to certain areas.\n*   **Homes:** You must leave someone's house if the occupant or person in charge tells you to.\n*   **Alcohol:** You cannot bring, have, use, or supply alcohol on community land unless the Council gives specific permission. You also cannot be drunk and causing problems on community land.\n*   **Drugs and petrol:** You cannot possess glue, petrol, or other volatile substances to sniff/inhale them, or sell/supply them if you suspect someone will sniff them. Medical prescriptions are exempt.\n*   **Driving:** You must obey traffic signs, drive carefully, and if driving community vehicles, you need Council permission, a valid licence, and cannot be under the influence of prohibited substances.\n*   **General behaviour:** No offensive language, fighting, damaging property, or disrupting Council or community meetings.\n\n**Enforcement:**\nPolice can arrest and remove people causing likely harm, search vehicles for prohibited substances, seize vehicles for up to 14 days, and ask for names and addresses. Offences carry fines up to $100 plus possible compensation orders up to $250.\n\n**Special defence:**\nIt is a legal defence if you were acting according to the community's customs.\n\n**Who it affects:**\nEveryone on the community's land—both community members and visitors—though some rules specifically target non-members regarding entry."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"These by‑laws remain focused on local regulation of access, behaviour, liquor/inhalant control, traffic, and enforcement on land declared as the community's under the Aboriginal Communities Act 1979. The form and subject matter match the principal purpose of enabling a community Council to manage its land and inhabitants. Amendments noted in the compilation (for example a 2004 regulation amendment) adjust procedural alignment or penalty detail but do not materially broaden the statutory scope beyond regulating conduct, access and enforcement on community land."},"complexity_factors":["Seven Parts (Preliminary; Community lands; Liquor and deleterious substances; Traffic; Other matters; Enforcement; Penalties) with 20 substantive by‑laws — relatively short structure","Approximately 9 defined terms in the interpretation section (by‑law 3)","Cross‑references to multiple external Acts (Liquor Licensing Act 1988, Child Welfare Act 1947, Justices/Criminal Procedure Act) which affect application and procedure (by‑laws 3, 9, 17)","Several broad discretionary powers for the Council (permission to enter/revoke by‑law 4; liquor permission by‑law 8; signage and traffic controls by‑laws 6 and 11) — discretion increases implementation complexity","Limited nested exceptions: government employees are exempted from entry permission requirement (by‑law 4(e)); medical pharmaceuticals are exempt from liquor restriction (by‑law 9); community custom operates as a legal defence (by‑law 19)","Enforcement provisions give police conditional powers including stop/search/seize and temporary vehicle detention up to 14 days (by‑law 16(d)–(e)), requiring 'reasonable grounds' — introduces evidentiary and procedural complexity","Penalty regime is simple (flat maximum fines and compensation limits) but interacts with court procedure and limitations (6‑month prosecution window in by‑law 17)","Minor cross‑reference wording risk: by‑law 16(d) refers to the exercise of a power by‑law 17, while by‑law 17 is the procedural provision; small drafting inconsistencies can complicate interpretation"],"plain_english_summary":"**What these by‑laws do (mechanically)**\n\n- They are the local rules made by the Upurl Upurlila Ngurratja Incorporated Council that apply to the community land declared under the Aboriginal Communities Act 1979. The rules apply to everyone on that land — both community members and visitors — unless another State or Commonwealth law says otherwise (definitions and scope: by‑law 3).\n\n- The by‑laws give the Council a general power to control who may enter or stay on community land (by‑laws 4–5). People not recognised by the Council as Aboriginal need the Council's permission to be on the land. Permission can be oral or written, conditional, and can be revoked at any time (by‑law 4(a)–(c)). The Council may also order non‑members to leave and stay away for a period it sets (by‑law 4(d)). Government employees doing their duty are treated as having permission (by‑law 4(e)).\n\n- The Council can place signs to prohibit entry to parts of the land or to regulate vehicle movement; ignoring those signs is an offence under the by‑laws (by‑laws 6, 11).\n\n- The by‑laws regulate behaviour inside homes (a person told to leave must do so) and prohibit offensive behaviour, deliberate damage, and disruption of meetings (by‑laws 7, 13–15).\n\n- The Council controls liquor on community lands. No one may bring, possess, use or supply liquor without Council permission; the Council sets terms and conditions for any permission. A person may be guilty of an offence if drunk to the point of causing alarm, annoyance or upset (by‑law 8). Medical pharmaceuticals used by or prescribed by health professionals are exempt (by‑law 9).\n\n- The by‑laws ban possession or supply of 'deleterious substances' (defined as glue and volatile hydrocarbon liquids) or petrol for the purpose of inhalation, and make supplying such substances an offence where there are reasonable grounds to suspect intent to inhale or to supply for inhalation (by‑law 10).\n\n- Vehicle conduct is regulated: drivers must exercise due care, must not drive dangerously, and cannot use community‑owned/leased vehicles without Council permission, while intoxicated or without an appropriate licence (by‑law 12).\n\n- Enforcement powers are given to police: they may commence proceedings, remove and apprehend people where there are reasonable grounds to believe they pose a risk, ask for names and addresses, stop, detain and search vehicles if a prohibited (deleterious) substance is suspected, seize such substances and receptacles, and — where such a substance is found — seize and detain the vehicle for up to 14 days on reasonable grounds (by‑law 16(d)–(e)).\n\n- Offences under the by‑laws are prosecuted by complaint and summons under the court procedures referred to in the Justices Act (with a 6‑month time limit) (by‑law 17). Penalties are modest: maximum fine $100 and, in addition, a court may order compensation up to $250 for property damage; courts can also order destruction/disposal/forfeiture of seized property related to prohibited substances (by‑law 18).\n\n- It is a defence to a charge under these by‑laws to show the conduct was permitted by a custom of the community (by‑law 19).\n\n- If a Council member is charged with a liquor offence under by‑law 8 they are treated as having ceased to be an effective Councillor while the charge is current; if the charge is withdrawn or dismissed they are restored (by‑law 20).\n\n\n**Who is affected**\n\n- Community members and their spouses/dependents (the by‑laws explicitly use a broad community definition) (by‑law 3).\n- Any non‑member on community land — visitors, contractors, service providers, and government employees (government employees are a limited exception treated as having permission) (by‑law 4(e)).\n- The Council (which decides permissions and places signs) and police (who enforce the by‑laws) (by‑laws 4, 6, 11, 16).\n\n\n**Why it matters (official purpose and what that implies in practice)**\n\n- The stated operational effect is to allow the community Council to control access to and behaviour on its declared land, to regulate liquor and inhalant misuse, to manage vehicle movement and safety, and to provide enforcement mechanisms and penalties for breaches (by‑laws 4–13, 16–18).\n\n- Mechanically, the Council holds wide discretionary decision‑making power: it grants and revokes permission to be on the land (by‑law 4), sets conditions on liquor, posts signs to restrict areas or traffic (by‑laws 6, 8, 11), and determines who may drive community vehicles (by‑law 12). Police are given complementary powers to remove persons, investigate and seize prohibited substances and related vehicles (by‑law 16).\n\n\n**Testing the stated purpose against practical costs, incentives and implementation risks**\n\n- Who pays: enforcement of the by‑laws shifts some enforcement effort onto police (who may be asked to remove, search, seize) and onto the community Council for administration of permissions and signs. People who breach rules may pay fines, compensation or lose access.\n\n- Who decides: the Council has significant discretion to permit or bar entry and to set liquor conditions (by‑law 4, 8). That discretion lowers transaction costs for the community to manage access but concentrates decision power in the Council (see by‑law 4(f)).\n\n- Behavioural incentives and substitution effects: by restricting access and controlling liquor and inhalants, the by‑laws create an incentive for non‑members to seek Council permission or avoid the land; there is a potential substitution effect where prohibited activities move off community land (not addressed by the by‑laws).\n\n- Compliance burden: visitors, contractors and service companies must secure permission where required and obey posted signs or risk prosecution. Council members must apply the permission regime consistently to avoid disputes; police must establish reasonable grounds for searches and for detention actions (by‑law 16).\n\n- Discretion and implementation risk: broad Council discretion to grant/revoke permission, and to define conditions, creates a risk of arbitrary or inconsistent application unless the Council adopts clear internal procedures. The by‑laws provide a community‑custom defence (by‑law 19), which interacts with enforcement practice.\n\n- Enforcement intensity vs. sanctions: the maximum monetary penalties are low ($100 fine and up to $250 compensation) (by‑law 18), which limits the financial deterrent and places more emphasis on removal, social enforcement and police action. Police powers to detain and seize vehicles for up to 14 days (by‑law 16(e)) are comparatively strong relative to the monetary penalties and therefore operative as a practical deterrent.\n\n- Rights and process: prosecutions proceed by complaint and summons under court rules (time‑limited to 6 months) (by‑law 17). The by‑laws reference State Acts for matters such as liquor and child welfare, so concurrent State or Commonwealth law will apply where relevant.\n\n\n**Concrete trade‑offs and opportunity costs**\n\n- Concentrated benefit: the Council and community gain direct control over access and local order (by‑laws 4, 8, 11). This centralised control can lower local coordination costs for communal living and protect community property.\n\n- Diffuse costs: visitors, service providers, or agencies who require access face additional administrative steps (permission seeking), and may be subject to searches or temporary detention in specific circumstances (by‑laws 4, 16).\n\n- Enforcement resourcing: effective enforcement requires police capacity and timely court procedures; low monetary penalties may make criminal enforcement less attractive to courts, leaving the Council to rely on non‑criminal mechanisms (orders to leave, signage, community discipline).\n\n\n**Key legal notes (cross‑references and limits)**\n\n- The by‑laws refer to external legislation for definitions and procedure: the Liquor Licensing Act (liquor) (by‑law 3), the Child Welfare Act (by‑law 17), and the Justices/Criminal Procedure Acts for court process (by‑law 17). These cross‑references mean State or Commonwealth law can alter how the by‑laws operate in practice.\n\n- There is a specific defence where conduct is permitted by community custom (by‑law 19).\n\n- A Council member charged with a liquor offence under by‑law 8 is treated as having ceased to be an effective Councillor while charged (by‑law 20).\n\n\n**Bottom line (mechanical effect)**\n\nThe instrument gives the Upurl Upurlila Ngurratja Council formal, local regulatory authority to control who is on declared community land, to regulate liquor and inhalant substances, to manage vehicle use and behaviour, and to use police processes to enforce those rules, subject to modest criminal penalties and a community‑custom defence. The Council is the primary decision‑maker; police provide statutory enforcement powers.\n"},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/upurl-upurlila-ngurratja-incorporated-by-laws","history":"/api/acts/upurl-upurlila-ngurratja-incorporated-by-laws/history","analysis":"/api/acts/upurl-upurlila-ngurratja-incorporated-by-laws/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/upurl-upurlila-ngurratja-incorporated-by-laws/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/upurl-upurlila-ngurratja-incorporated-by-laws/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/upurl-upurlila-ngurratja-incorporated-by-laws/documents"}}