{"id":"qld:act-1968-056","name":"Trustee Companies Act 1968","slug":"trustee-companies-act-1968","collection":"act","jurisdiction":"qld","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"56 of 1968","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":105590,"registerId":"qld-act-1968-056-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"pt.1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Preliminary","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"sec.1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Short title","content":"### sec.1 Short title\n\nThis Act may be cited as the Trustee Companies Act 1968 .\ns 1 amd 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"sec.2","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.2\n\ns 2 om 13 December 1993 RA s 36","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"sec.3","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.3\n\ns 3 om 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"sec.4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"### sec.4 Definitions\n\nIn this Act—\nadministration with the will annexed includes administration with exemplification of probate or letters of administration with the will annexed or duplicate or copy probate of the will annexed.\nbank ...\ns 4 def bank ins 1989 No. 77 s 4\nom 1994 No. 11 s 194 sch 2\nbankers’ books ...\ns 4 def bankers’ books ins 1989 No. 77 s 4\nom 1997 No. 17 s 61 (1)\nbooks includes any register or other record of information and any accounts or accounting records, however compiled, recorded or stored, and also includes any document.\ns 4 def books ins 1989 No. 77 s 4\ncorporation ...\ns 4 def corporation ins 1989 No. 77 s 4\namd 2001 No. 45 s 29 sch 3\nom 2009 No. 49 s 81 (1)\nCourt means the Supreme Court of Queensland.\ndirector ...\ns 4 def director om 2009 No. 49 s 81 (1)\nestate includes all real and personal property of whatever nature or kind committed to the administration or management of a trustee company.\nfinancial institution ...\ns 4 def financial institution ins 1989 No. 77 s 4\namd 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1\nsub 1997 No. 17 s 61 (1) – (2)\nom 2009 No. 49 s 81 (1)\nfinancial institution’s books ...\ns 4 def financial institution’s books ins 1997 No. 17 s 61 (2)\nom 2009 No. 49 s 81 (1)\nforeign company ...\ns 4 def foreign company ins 1989 No. 77 s 4\nsub 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1\namd 2001 No. 45 s 29 sch 3\nom 2009 No. 49 s 81 (1)\ninsurance company ...\ns 4 def insurance company ins 1989 No. 77 s 4\namd 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1\nom 2009 No. 49 s 81 (1)\nJudge means a Judge of the Supreme Court.\nnew trustee company ...\ns 4 def new trustee company ins 1989 No. 77 s 4\nom 2009 No. 49 s 81 (1)\nofficer of the trustee company means the managing director, general manager, State manager, manager, acting manager, assistant manager or secretary of the trustee company and includes in relation to any purpose or purposes of this Act any other officer of the trustee company designated as such by the board of directors for that purpose or those purposes.\nprobate includes ancillary probate.\nrecognised company ...\ns 4 def recognised company ins 1989 No. 77 s 4\nsub 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1\nom 2001 No. 45 s 29 sch 3\nregistrar means the chief executive of the department.\ns 4 def registrar ins 1989 No. 77 s 4\nsub 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1\nrelated corporation ...\ns 4 def related corporation ins 1989 No. 77 s 4\nom 2009 No. 49 s 81 (1)\ntrustee company means a licensed trustee company under the Corporations Act , section 601RAA .\ns 4 def trustee company sub 2009 No. 49 s 81\nunincorporated association ...\ns 4 def unincorporated association ins 1989 No. 77 s 4\nom 2009 No. 49 s 81 (1)\nwill ...\ns 4 def will om 1994 No. 11 s 194 sch 2\ns 4 amd 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"sec.4AA","sectionType":"section","heading":"Powers conferred on trustee companies are additional powers","content":"### sec.4AA Powers conferred on trustee companies are additional powers\n\nThe powers conferred on trustee companies by this Act shall be in addition to and not in derogation of any powers conferred on trustee companies or on executors, administrators, trustees, receivers, committees, guardians, liquidators, official liquidators, guarantors or sureties or attorneys under any other Act or the Corporations Act .\ns 4AA (prev s 4(2)) amd 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1\nrenum 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1\namd 2009 No. 49 s 82","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"sec.4A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.4A\n\ns 4A ins 1989 No. 77 s 5\nom 2009 No. 49 s 83","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"pt.2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Duties, functions, offices","content":"# Duties, functions, offices","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"sec.5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Trustee company may act as executor and obtain probate","content":"### sec.5 Trustee company may act as executor and obtain probate\n\nWhenever a trustee company is named expressly or by implication either alone or jointly with any other person as executor of the last will of any testator (whether the will was made before or after the commencement of this Act) the trustee company may act as executor and may apply to the Court for probate of the will of the testator.\nThe Court may grant probate to the trustee company on an application pursuant to subsection (1) .\nWhere a grant of probate is made to a trustee company pursuant to this section, the trustee company may perform and discharge all the acts and duties of an executor as fully and effectually as a private individual may do when appointed executor.\n(sec.5-ssec.1) Whenever a trustee company is named expressly or by implication either alone or jointly with any other person as executor of the last will of any testator (whether the will was made before or after the commencement of this Act) the trustee company may act as executor and may apply to the Court for probate of the will of the testator.\n(sec.5-ssec.2) The Court may grant probate to the trustee company on an application pursuant to subsection (1) .\n(sec.5-ssec.3) Where a grant of probate is made to a trustee company pursuant to this section, the trustee company may perform and discharge all the acts and duties of an executor as fully and effectually as a private individual may do when appointed executor.","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"sec.6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Persons entitled to obtain probate of the will or administration with the will annexed may authorise trustee company to apply for administration with will annexed","content":"### sec.6 Persons entitled to obtain probate of the will or administration with the will annexed may authorise trustee company to apply for administration with will annexed\n\nIn all cases in which a private individual may apply for and obtain—\nprobate of the will without reserving leave to any other person to apply for probate; or\nletters of administration with the will annexed of the estate;\nof a deceased person, that individual may—\njoin with a trustee company in an application for—\nin a case where the individual may apply for and obtain probate—a joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or\na grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly; or\ninstead of himself or herself applying, authorise a trustee company to apply for and obtain letters of administration with the will annexed unless the testator by will has expressed the desire that the office of executor should not be delegated or that the trustee company should not act in the trusts of the will.\nWhere—\na person joins with a trustee company in an application pursuant to subsection (1) ; or\na trustee company makes an application that it has, pursuant to that subsection been authorised to make;\nthe Court may make a joint grant of probate and letters of administration with the will annexed or a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed, as the case may be, in accordance with the application.\nThis section applies to wills whether made before or after the commencement of this Act.\n(sec.6-ssec.1) In all cases in which a private individual may apply for and obtain— probate of the will without reserving leave to any other person to apply for probate; or letters of administration with the will annexed of the estate; of a deceased person, that individual may— join with a trustee company in an application for— in a case where the individual may apply for and obtain probate—a joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly; or instead of himself or herself applying, authorise a trustee company to apply for and obtain letters of administration with the will annexed unless the testator by will has expressed the desire that the office of executor should not be delegated or that the trustee company should not act in the trusts of the will.\n(sec.6-ssec.2) Where— a person joins with a trustee company in an application pursuant to subsection (1) ; or a trustee company makes an application that it has, pursuant to that subsection been authorised to make; the Court may make a joint grant of probate and letters of administration with the will annexed or a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed, as the case may be, in accordance with the application.\n(sec.6-ssec.3) This section applies to wills whether made before or after the commencement of this Act.\n- (a) probate of the will without reserving leave to any other person to apply for probate; or\n- (b) letters of administration with the will annexed of the estate;\n- (c) join with a trustee company in an application for— (i) in a case where the individual may apply for and obtain probate—a joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or (ii) a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly; or\n- (i) in a case where the individual may apply for and obtain probate—a joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or\n- (ii) a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly; or\n- (d) instead of himself or herself applying, authorise a trustee company to apply for and obtain letters of administration with the will annexed unless the testator by will has expressed the desire that the office of executor should not be delegated or that the trustee company should not act in the trusts of the will.\n- (i) in a case where the individual may apply for and obtain probate—a joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or\n- (ii) a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly; or\n- (a) a person joins with a trustee company in an application pursuant to subsection (1) ; or\n- (b) a trustee company makes an application that it has, pursuant to that subsection been authorised to make;","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"sec.7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Person entitled to obtain administration on intestacy may authorise trustee company to obtain administration","content":"### sec.7 Person entitled to obtain administration on intestacy may authorise trustee company to obtain administration\n\nAny person entitled to obtain administration of the estate of any intestate may—\njoin with a trustee company in an application for the grant of letters of administration of the estate to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly; or\ninstead of himself or herself applying—authorise a trustee company to apply for and obtain letters of administration of the estate.\nWhere—\na person joins with a trustee company in an application pursuant to subsection (1) ; or\na trustee company makes an application that it has, pursuant to that subsection been authorised to make;\nthe Court may grant letters of administration of the estate in accordance with the application.\nThis section applies whether the intestate died before or after the commencement of this Act.\n(sec.7-ssec.1) Any person entitled to obtain administration of the estate of any intestate may— join with a trustee company in an application for the grant of letters of administration of the estate to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly; or instead of himself or herself applying—authorise a trustee company to apply for and obtain letters of administration of the estate.\n(sec.7-ssec.2) Where— a person joins with a trustee company in an application pursuant to subsection (1) ; or a trustee company makes an application that it has, pursuant to that subsection been authorised to make; the Court may grant letters of administration of the estate in accordance with the application.\n(sec.7-ssec.3) This section applies whether the intestate died before or after the commencement of this Act.\n- (a) join with a trustee company in an application for the grant of letters of administration of the estate to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly; or\n- (b) instead of himself or herself applying—authorise a trustee company to apply for and obtain letters of administration of the estate.\n- (a) a person joins with a trustee company in an application pursuant to subsection (1) ; or\n- (b) a trustee company makes an application that it has, pursuant to that subsection been authorised to make;","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"sec.8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Saving rights of other persons to administration","content":"### sec.8 Saving rights of other persons to administration\n\nNothing in sections 6 and 7 shall be taken to prejudice or affect the right of any person interested in the estate of any deceased person (other than a person who has joined with a trustee company in, or has authorised a trustee company to make, an application under those sections) to apply for and obtain letters of administration, with or without the will annexed or other appropriate grant.","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"sec.9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Person entitled to probate may join with trustee company in applying for letters of administration to the trustee company","content":"### sec.9 Person entitled to probate may join with trustee company in applying for letters of administration to the trustee company\n\nAny person named expressly or by implication as executor who would be entitled to obtain probate of the will of any testator may, instead of himself or herself applying for probate join with a trustee company in an application for letters of administration with the will annexed to be granted to the trustee company.\nWhere a person joins with a trustee company in an application pursuant to subsection (1) , the Court may grant administration with the will annexed to the trustee company unless the testator by will has expressed the desire that the office of executor should not be delegated or that the trustee company should not act in the trusts of the will.\nAn application for a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed pursuant to this section may be made in the first instance to the Registrar of the Supreme Court who—\nshall have power to make the grant; or\nmay refer any question arising upon the application to a Judge; or\nmay require the application to be made to the Court.\nA grant of letters of administration with the will annexed under this section may be made to a trustee company notwithstanding that a person named expressly or by implication in the will as executor (other than the person joining with the trustee company in the application for the grant) has applied for and has been granted probate.\nWhere a grant of probate has been made to a person and a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed has been made to a trustee company under this section, that person and the trustee company shall administer the estate jointly.\nA grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to a trustee company under this section may reserve leave for any person named expressly or by implication in the will as executor (other than the person joining with the trustee company in the application for the grant) to come in and apply for probate at any time subsequent to the grant.\nThis section applies to wills whether made before or after the commencement of this Act.\nA person beneficially interested under the will is entitled to be heard in opposition to a grant being made under this section to a trustee company, and the Court after considering any objection by such a person may—\nmake a grant to the trustee company; or\nupon the same application, grant probate to the person joining with the trustee company in the application.\ns 9 amd 1989 No. 77 s 6\n(sec.9-ssec.1) Any person named expressly or by implication as executor who would be entitled to obtain probate of the will of any testator may, instead of himself or herself applying for probate join with a trustee company in an application for letters of administration with the will annexed to be granted to the trustee company.\n(sec.9-ssec.2) Where a person joins with a trustee company in an application pursuant to subsection (1) , the Court may grant administration with the will annexed to the trustee company unless the testator by will has expressed the desire that the office of executor should not be delegated or that the trustee company should not act in the trusts of the will.\n(sec.9-ssec.3) An application for a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed pursuant to this section may be made in the first instance to the Registrar of the Supreme Court who— shall have power to make the grant; or may refer any question arising upon the application to a Judge; or may require the application to be made to the Court.\n(sec.9-ssec.4) A grant of letters of administration with the will annexed under this section may be made to a trustee company notwithstanding that a person named expressly or by implication in the will as executor (other than the person joining with the trustee company in the application for the grant) has applied for and has been granted probate.\n(sec.9-ssec.5) Where a grant of probate has been made to a person and a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed has been made to a trustee company under this section, that person and the trustee company shall administer the estate jointly.\n(sec.9-ssec.6) A grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to a trustee company under this section may reserve leave for any person named expressly or by implication in the will as executor (other than the person joining with the trustee company in the application for the grant) to come in and apply for probate at any time subsequent to the grant.\n(sec.9-ssec.7) This section applies to wills whether made before or after the commencement of this Act.\n(sec.9-ssec.8) A person beneficially interested under the will is entitled to be heard in opposition to a grant being made under this section to a trustee company, and the Court after considering any objection by such a person may— make a grant to the trustee company; or upon the same application, grant probate to the person joining with the trustee company in the application.\n- (a) shall have power to make the grant; or\n- (b) may refer any question arising upon the application to a Judge; or\n- (c) may require the application to be made to the Court.\n- (a) make a grant to the trustee company; or\n- (b) upon the same application, grant probate to the person joining with the trustee company in the application.","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"sec.10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Trustee company may act as administrator notwithstanding its incorporation","content":"### sec.10 Trustee company may act as administrator notwithstanding its incorporation\n\nWhere the administration of any estate, with or without the will annexed, is granted to a trustee company, pursuant to this Act, the trustee company may perform and discharge all acts and duties which belong to the office of administrator or administrator with the will annexed, as the case may be, as fully and effectually as a private individual may do when granted such letters of administration.","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"sec.11","sectionType":"section","heading":"Reseal of probate and letters of administration","content":"### sec.11 Reseal of probate and letters of administration\n\nA trustee company as attorney lawfully authorised for that purpose by the executor or administrator under any probate or letters of administration within the meaning of the British Probates Act 1898 granted by a court of probate in a part of Her Majesty’s Dominions to which that Act applies or by a British court in a foreign country within the meaning of that Act, may make application to a Registrar of the Court to seal the probate or letters of administration or an exemplification, duplicate or copy thereof under the said Act and the Registrar shall have authority to seal the grant in question or an exemplification, duplicate or copy thereof.","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"sec.12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Power of trustee companies to elect to administer small estates without grant of administration","content":"### sec.12 Power of trustee companies to elect to administer small estates without grant of administration\n\nWhere any person has died intestate or testate, whether in or out of Queensland and whether before or after the commencement of this Act, leaving property situated in Queensland, the gross value of which as estimated by any trustee company does not at the time of the election hereinafter mentioned exceed $100000, and no person has taken out administration in Queensland, the trustee company, in any case where it would be entitled to obtain such a grant, may, in accordance with this section, instead of obtaining such a grant, file in the Court an election in writing, under the seal of the company, to administer the estate of the deceased person.\nOn any such election being filed, the trustee company shall be deemed to be the executor of the will or the administrator of the estate, as the case may be, in like manner and to the same extent in all respects as if administration had been duly granted to it.\nEvery such election shall set forth the name, residence, and occupation of the deceased so far as they are then known to the trustee company, and the date of the death of the deceased and the property situated in Queensland of the deceased as then known.\nThe election shall contain in every case where the deceased died intestate a statement to that effect, and in every case where the deceased died testate a statement that after due inquiries the trustee company believes that the document annexed to the election is the testator’s last will (or an exemplification thereof where administration has been granted out of Queensland) and that the will has been validly executed according to the law governing the execution of wills.\nNo such election may be filed under this section unless there is endorsed thereon a certificate by a solicitor (whether in the employment of the trustee company or not) that (as the case may require) the solicitor is satisfied that the Court would, on application duly made, grant to the trustee company—\nprobate of the will to which the election relates; or\nletters of administration with the will to which the election relates annexed; or\nletters of administration of the estate of the deceased person without a will annexed.\nAny such election to administer shall be filed in any registry of the Court in which an application for a grant of administration of the will or estate of the deceased person may be filed.\nIf after filing any such election as aforesaid the gross value of the property situated in Queensland to be administered is found to exceed the sum of $120000, the trustee company shall as soon as practicable thereafter file in the registry of the Court in which the election to administer was filed a memorandum under the seal of the trustee company stating the fact, and shall thereupon proceed in the ordinary manner to obtain a grant of administration in Queensland, and for that purpose may uplift from the Court any will or exemplification filed with the election.\nNotice of an election under this section shall be advertised once in the gazette in a form approved by the person who for the time being holds the office of the registrar.\ns 12 amd 1989 No. 77 s 7 ; 1996 No. 79 s 111\n(sec.12-ssec.1) Where any person has died intestate or testate, whether in or out of Queensland and whether before or after the commencement of this Act, leaving property situated in Queensland, the gross value of which as estimated by any trustee company does not at the time of the election hereinafter mentioned exceed $100000, and no person has taken out administration in Queensland, the trustee company, in any case where it would be entitled to obtain such a grant, may, in accordance with this section, instead of obtaining such a grant, file in the Court an election in writing, under the seal of the company, to administer the estate of the deceased person.\n(sec.12-ssec.2) On any such election being filed, the trustee company shall be deemed to be the executor of the will or the administrator of the estate, as the case may be, in like manner and to the same extent in all respects as if administration had been duly granted to it.\n(sec.12-ssec.3) Every such election shall set forth the name, residence, and occupation of the deceased so far as they are then known to the trustee company, and the date of the death of the deceased and the property situated in Queensland of the deceased as then known.\n(sec.12-ssec.4) The election shall contain in every case where the deceased died intestate a statement to that effect, and in every case where the deceased died testate a statement that after due inquiries the trustee company believes that the document annexed to the election is the testator’s last will (or an exemplification thereof where administration has been granted out of Queensland) and that the will has been validly executed according to the law governing the execution of wills.\n(sec.12-ssec.5) No such election may be filed under this section unless there is endorsed thereon a certificate by a solicitor (whether in the employment of the trustee company or not) that (as the case may require) the solicitor is satisfied that the Court would, on application duly made, grant to the trustee company— probate of the will to which the election relates; or letters of administration with the will to which the election relates annexed; or letters of administration of the estate of the deceased person without a will annexed.\n(sec.12-ssec.6) Any such election to administer shall be filed in any registry of the Court in which an application for a grant of administration of the will or estate of the deceased person may be filed.\n(sec.12-ssec.7) If after filing any such election as aforesaid the gross value of the property situated in Queensland to be administered is found to exceed the sum of $120000, the trustee company shall as soon as practicable thereafter file in the registry of the Court in which the election to administer was filed a memorandum under the seal of the trustee company stating the fact, and shall thereupon proceed in the ordinary manner to obtain a grant of administration in Queensland, and for that purpose may uplift from the Court any will or exemplification filed with the election.\n(sec.12-ssec.8) Notice of an election under this section shall be advertised once in the gazette in a form approved by the person who for the time being holds the office of the registrar.\n- (a) probate of the will to which the election relates; or\n- (b) letters of administration with the will to which the election relates annexed; or\n- (c) letters of administration of the estate of the deceased person without a will annexed.","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"sec.13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Elections in respect of unadministered balance of an estate","content":"### sec.13 Elections in respect of unadministered balance of an estate\n\nWhere a grant of administration ( the original grant ) has been made in Queensland in respect of the estate of any deceased person (the original estate ) and the persons to whom the original grant or any substituted grant of administration was made have died, whether before or after the commencement of this Act, leaving part of the original estate unadministered, and the gross value of the property situated in Queensland so left unadministered, as estimated by the trustee company at the time of the election hereinafter mentioned, does not exceed the sum of $100000, and no person has since the death of the last administrator taken out letters of administration de bonis non in Queensland in respect of the original estate, the trustee company may, in accordance with this section, instead of applying for letters of administration de bonis non in Queensland, file in the registry of the Court out of which the original grant was issued an election in writing under the seal of the company setting forth the fact of the original grant, the death of the executors or other administrators, and the particulars of the property situated in Queensland so left unadministered, and electing to administer the part of the original estate so left unadministered.\nOn the election being filed, the trustee company shall be deemed to be administrator of the original estate left unadministered in like manner and to the same extent in all respects as if letters of administration de bonis non had been duly granted to it.\nNo such election may be filed under this section unless there is endorsed thereon a certificate by a solicitor (whether in the employment of the trustee company or not) that the solicitor is satisfied that the Court would, on application duly made, grant to the trustee company letters of administration de bonis non in respect of the part of the original estate so left unadministered.\nIf after the filing of any such election the gross value of the property situated in Queensland to be administered by the trustee company is found to exceed the sum of $120000, the trustee company shall, as soon as practicable thereafter, file in the said registry of the Court a memorandum under the seal of the trustee company stating the fact, and shall thereupon proceed in the ordinary manner to obtain in Queensland letters of administration de bonis non (either with or without the will annexed, as the case may be) in respect of the said estate, and for that purpose may uplift from the Court any will or exemplification filed with the election.\nNotice of an election under this section shall be advertised once in the gazette in a form approved by the person who for the time being holds the office of the registrar.\ns 13 amd 1989 No. 77 s 8 ; 1996 No. 79 s 112\n(sec.13-ssec.1) Where a grant of administration ( the original grant ) has been made in Queensland in respect of the estate of any deceased person (the original estate ) and the persons to whom the original grant or any substituted grant of administration was made have died, whether before or after the commencement of this Act, leaving part of the original estate unadministered, and the gross value of the property situated in Queensland so left unadministered, as estimated by the trustee company at the time of the election hereinafter mentioned, does not exceed the sum of $100000, and no person has since the death of the last administrator taken out letters of administration de bonis non in Queensland in respect of the original estate, the trustee company may, in accordance with this section, instead of applying for letters of administration de bonis non in Queensland, file in the registry of the Court out of which the original grant was issued an election in writing under the seal of the company setting forth the fact of the original grant, the death of the executors or other administrators, and the particulars of the property situated in Queensland so left unadministered, and electing to administer the part of the original estate so left unadministered.\n(sec.13-ssec.2) On the election being filed, the trustee company shall be deemed to be administrator of the original estate left unadministered in like manner and to the same extent in all respects as if letters of administration de bonis non had been duly granted to it.\n(sec.13-ssec.3) No such election may be filed under this section unless there is endorsed thereon a certificate by a solicitor (whether in the employment of the trustee company or not) that the solicitor is satisfied that the Court would, on application duly made, grant to the trustee company letters of administration de bonis non in respect of the part of the original estate so left unadministered.\n(sec.13-ssec.4) If after the filing of any such election the gross value of the property situated in Queensland to be administered by the trustee company is found to exceed the sum of $120000, the trustee company shall, as soon as practicable thereafter, file in the said registry of the Court a memorandum under the seal of the trustee company stating the fact, and shall thereupon proceed in the ordinary manner to obtain in Queensland letters of administration de bonis non (either with or without the will annexed, as the case may be) in respect of the said estate, and for that purpose may uplift from the Court any will or exemplification filed with the election.\n(sec.13-ssec.5) Notice of an election under this section shall be advertised once in the gazette in a form approved by the person who for the time being holds the office of the registrar.","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"sec.14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Notice of filing of election","content":"### sec.14 Notice of filing of election\n\nIf a trustee company files an election under section 12 or 13 , it must give notice of the election to the commissioner of state revenue appointed under the Taxation Administration Act 2001 .\nThe notice must be in the form approved by the commissioner.\ns 14 sub 2001 No. 72 s 164 sch 1\n(sec.14-ssec.1) If a trustee company files an election under section 12 or 13 , it must give notice of the election to the commissioner of state revenue appointed under the Taxation Administration Act 2001 .\n(sec.14-ssec.2) The notice must be in the form approved by the commissioner.","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"sec.15","sectionType":"section","heading":"Operation of election to administer as regards property out of State","content":"### sec.15 Operation of election to administer as regards property out of State\n\nIn determining the value of the property of any person that is situated in Queensland for the purposes of sections 12 and 13 , that property shall not include or be deemed to include property situated out of Queensland at the time of the filing of any election to administer, whether or not the property may afterwards be transferred to Queensland (whether to the trustee company or to any other person) in due course of administration, whether for the purposes of distribution to the persons beneficially entitled thereto or otherwise howsoever, but in all other respects every election referred to in sections 12 and 13 shall extend and apply to and include the property situated out of Queensland in the same manner and to the same extent in all respects as a grant of administration obtained by the trustee company would in the circumstances of each particular case extend or apply to or include that property.","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"sec.16","sectionType":"section","heading":"Revocation of elections filed in error","content":"### sec.16 Revocation of elections filed in error\n\nWhere any trustee company has, pursuant to any of the provisions of sections 12 and 13 , filed an election to administer the estate of a deceased person, and the trustee company subsequently discovers that the election is invalid or ineffective by reason of the discovery of a will or a later will, or of the revocation or invalidity of a will, or for any other reason, then and in any such case the trustee company shall file in the registry of the Court in which the election to administer was filed a memorandum under the seal of the trustee company setting out the facts and certifying that the election already filed is invalid or ineffective.\nUpon any such memorandum being filed, the election to administer previously filed shall cease to be of any effect whatsoever, and thereafter an application for administration may be made or a fresh election may be filed in all respects as if the election to administer previously filed had not been filed.\n(sec.16-ssec.1) Where any trustee company has, pursuant to any of the provisions of sections 12 and 13 , filed an election to administer the estate of a deceased person, and the trustee company subsequently discovers that the election is invalid or ineffective by reason of the discovery of a will or a later will, or of the revocation or invalidity of a will, or for any other reason, then and in any such case the trustee company shall file in the registry of the Court in which the election to administer was filed a memorandum under the seal of the trustee company setting out the facts and certifying that the election already filed is invalid or ineffective.\n(sec.16-ssec.2) Upon any such memorandum being filed, the election to administer previously filed shall cease to be of any effect whatsoever, and thereafter an application for administration may be made or a fresh election may be filed in all respects as if the election to administer previously filed had not been filed.","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"sec.17","sectionType":"section","heading":"Effect of joint grant on application under s 6","content":"### sec.17 Effect of joint grant on application under s 6\n\nWhere a person—\nis named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as the only trustee of the lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and\npursuant to section 6 , joins with a trustee company in an application for—\na joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or\na grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly;\na joint grant on such an application of—\nprobate to the person and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or\nletters of administration with the will annexed to the person and the trustee company;\nas the case may be, has, for all purposes (including the right to be registered under the Land Title Act 1994 as personal representative), the force and effect of a vesting order made by the Court vesting the lands in respect of which the person joining with the trustee company in the application is named in the will as the only trustee, in that person and the trustee company as trustees on the trusts of the will for all the right, title and interest therein of the testator.\nWhere a person—\nis named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as a trustee jointly with any other person or persons of lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and\npursuant to section 6 , joins with a trustee company in an application for—\na joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or\na grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly;\na joint grant on such an application of—\nprobate to the person and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or\nletters of administration with the will annexed to the person and the trustee company;\nas the case may be, has, for all purposes (including the right to be registered under the Land Title Act 1994 as personal representative), the force and effect of a vesting order made by the Court vesting the lands in respect of which the person joining with the trustee company in the application is named in the will as a trustee, in that person, the trustee company and the other person or persons so named in the will or such of them as are living at the date of the grant and have not disclaimed the trust before that date, as trustees on the trusts of the will for all the right, title and interest therein of the testator.\ns 17 amd 1994 No. 11 s 194 sch 2\n(sec.17-ssec.1) Where a person— is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as the only trustee of the lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and pursuant to section 6 , joins with a trustee company in an application for— a joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly; a joint grant on such an application of— probate to the person and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or letters of administration with the will annexed to the person and the trustee company; as the case may be, has, for all purposes (including the right to be registered under the Land Title Act 1994 as personal representative), the force and effect of a vesting order made by the Court vesting the lands in respect of which the person joining with the trustee company in the application is named in the will as the only trustee, in that person and the trustee company as trustees on the trusts of the will for all the right, title and interest therein of the testator.\n(sec.17-ssec.2) Where a person— is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as a trustee jointly with any other person or persons of lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and pursuant to section 6 , joins with a trustee company in an application for— a joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly; a joint grant on such an application of— probate to the person and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or letters of administration with the will annexed to the person and the trustee company; as the case may be, has, for all purposes (including the right to be registered under the Land Title Act 1994 as personal representative), the force and effect of a vesting order made by the Court vesting the lands in respect of which the person joining with the trustee company in the application is named in the will as a trustee, in that person, the trustee company and the other person or persons so named in the will or such of them as are living at the date of the grant and have not disclaimed the trust before that date, as trustees on the trusts of the will for all the right, title and interest therein of the testator.\n- (a) is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as the only trustee of the lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and\n- (b) pursuant to section 6 , joins with a trustee company in an application for— (i) a joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or (ii) a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly;\n- (i) a joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or\n- (ii) a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly;\n- (i) a joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or\n- (ii) a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly;\n- (c) probate to the person and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or\n- (d) letters of administration with the will annexed to the person and the trustee company;\n- (a) is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as a trustee jointly with any other person or persons of lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and\n- (b) pursuant to section 6 , joins with a trustee company in an application for— (i) a joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or (ii) a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly;\n- (i) a joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or\n- (ii) a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly;\n- (i) a joint grant of probate to himself or herself and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or\n- (ii) a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to himself or herself and the trustee company jointly;\n- (c) probate to the person and letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; or\n- (d) letters of administration with the will annexed to the person and the trustee company;","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"sec.18","sectionType":"section","heading":"Effect of disclaimer of trustee on authorisation under s 6","content":"### sec.18 Effect of disclaimer of trustee on authorisation under s 6\n\nWhere any person—\nwho is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as the only trustee of lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and\nwho pursuant to section 6 authorises a trustee company to apply for and obtain letters of administration with the will annexed;\ndisclaims the trust in the authorisation, a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed made to the trustee company on an application made pursuant to the authorisation has, for all purposes (including the right to be registered under the Land Title Act 1994 as personal representative), the force and effect of a vesting order made by the Court vesting the lands in respect of which the person giving the authorisation is named in the will as the only trustee, in the trustee company as trustee on the trusts of the will for all the right, title and interest therein of the testator.\nWhere any person—\nwho is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as a trustee jointly with any other person or persons of lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and\nwho pursuant to section 6 authorises a trustee company to apply for and obtain letters of administration with the will annexed;\ndisclaims the trust in the authorisation, a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed made to the trustee company on an application made pursuant to the authorisation has, for all purposes (including the right to be registered under the Land Title Act 1994 as personal representative), the force and effect of a vesting order made by the Court vesting the lands in respect of which the person giving the authorisation is named in the will as a trustee, in the trustee company and the other person or persons so named in the will or such of them as are living at the date of the grant and have not disclaimed the trust before that date, as trustees on the trusts of the will for all the right, title and interest therein of the testator.\nThis section does not apply in any case in which the testator has by will expressed the desire that the trustee company should not act in the trusts of the will.\ns 18 amd 1994 No. 11 s 194 sch 2\n(sec.18-ssec.1) Where any person— who is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as the only trustee of lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and who pursuant to section 6 authorises a trustee company to apply for and obtain letters of administration with the will annexed; disclaims the trust in the authorisation, a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed made to the trustee company on an application made pursuant to the authorisation has, for all purposes (including the right to be registered under the Land Title Act 1994 as personal representative), the force and effect of a vesting order made by the Court vesting the lands in respect of which the person giving the authorisation is named in the will as the only trustee, in the trustee company as trustee on the trusts of the will for all the right, title and interest therein of the testator.\n(sec.18-ssec.2) Where any person— who is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as a trustee jointly with any other person or persons of lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and who pursuant to section 6 authorises a trustee company to apply for and obtain letters of administration with the will annexed; disclaims the trust in the authorisation, a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed made to the trustee company on an application made pursuant to the authorisation has, for all purposes (including the right to be registered under the Land Title Act 1994 as personal representative), the force and effect of a vesting order made by the Court vesting the lands in respect of which the person giving the authorisation is named in the will as a trustee, in the trustee company and the other person or persons so named in the will or such of them as are living at the date of the grant and have not disclaimed the trust before that date, as trustees on the trusts of the will for all the right, title and interest therein of the testator.\n(sec.18-ssec.3) This section does not apply in any case in which the testator has by will expressed the desire that the trustee company should not act in the trusts of the will.\n- (a) who is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as the only trustee of lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and\n- (b) who pursuant to section 6 authorises a trustee company to apply for and obtain letters of administration with the will annexed;\n- (a) who is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as a trustee jointly with any other person or persons of lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and\n- (b) who pursuant to section 6 authorises a trustee company to apply for and obtain letters of administration with the will annexed;","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"sec.19","sectionType":"section","heading":"Effect of disclaimer of trustee on joint application under s 9","content":"### sec.19 Effect of disclaimer of trustee on joint application under s 9\n\nWhere any person—\nwho is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as the only trustee of lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and\nwho, pursuant to section 9 , joins with a trustee company in an application for the grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company;\ndisclaims the trust in the application, a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed made to the trustee company on the application has, for all purposes (including the right to be registered under the Land Title Act 1994 as personal representative), the force and effect of a vesting order made by the Court vesting the lands in respect of which the person joining in the application is named in the will as the only trustee, in the trustee company as trustee on the trusts of the will for all the right, title and interest therein of the testator.\nWhere any person—\nwho is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as a trustee jointly with any other person or persons of lands of the testator in Queensland, subject to the trusts of the will; and\nwho pursuant to section 9 joins with a trustee company in an application for the grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company;\ndisclaims the trust in the application, a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed made to the trustee company on the application has, for all purposes (including the right to be registered under the Land Title Act 1994 as personal representative), the force and effect of a vesting order made by the Court vesting the lands in respect of which the person joining in the application is named in the will as a trustee, in the trustee company and the other person or persons so named in the will or such of them as are living at the date of the grant and have not disclaimed the trust before that date, as trustees on the trusts of the will for all the right, title and interest therein of the testator.\nThis section does not apply in any case in which the testator has by will expressed the desire that the trustee company should not act in the trusts of the will.\ns 19 amd 1994 No. 11 s 194 sch 2\n(sec.19-ssec.1) Where any person— who is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as the only trustee of lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and who, pursuant to section 9 , joins with a trustee company in an application for the grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; disclaims the trust in the application, a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed made to the trustee company on the application has, for all purposes (including the right to be registered under the Land Title Act 1994 as personal representative), the force and effect of a vesting order made by the Court vesting the lands in respect of which the person joining in the application is named in the will as the only trustee, in the trustee company as trustee on the trusts of the will for all the right, title and interest therein of the testator.\n(sec.19-ssec.2) Where any person— who is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as a trustee jointly with any other person or persons of lands of the testator in Queensland, subject to the trusts of the will; and who pursuant to section 9 joins with a trustee company in an application for the grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company; disclaims the trust in the application, a grant of letters of administration with the will annexed made to the trustee company on the application has, for all purposes (including the right to be registered under the Land Title Act 1994 as personal representative), the force and effect of a vesting order made by the Court vesting the lands in respect of which the person joining in the application is named in the will as a trustee, in the trustee company and the other person or persons so named in the will or such of them as are living at the date of the grant and have not disclaimed the trust before that date, as trustees on the trusts of the will for all the right, title and interest therein of the testator.\n(sec.19-ssec.3) This section does not apply in any case in which the testator has by will expressed the desire that the trustee company should not act in the trusts of the will.\n- (a) who is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as the only trustee of lands of the testator in Queensland subject to the trusts of the will; and\n- (b) who, pursuant to section 9 , joins with a trustee company in an application for the grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company;\n- (a) who is named in a will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, as a trustee jointly with any other person or persons of lands of the testator in Queensland, subject to the trusts of the will; and\n- (b) who pursuant to section 9 joins with a trustee company in an application for the grant of letters of administration with the will annexed to the trustee company;","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"sec.20","sectionType":"section","heading":"Executor or administrator may appoint trustee company in his or her place","content":"### sec.20 Executor or administrator may appoint trustee company in his or her place\n\nWith the consent of the Court or a Judge, any executor, whether appointed before or after the commencement of this Act, may, before or after taking out probate, appoint a trustee company as an executor in his or her place.\nWith the consent of the Court or a Judge, an administrator with or without the will annexed, whether appointed before or after the commencement of this Act may appoint a trustee company as an administrator in his or her place.\nA trustee company shall not be appointed under this section in any case in which the testator has by will expressly prohibited the appointment of the trustee company to the office in question.\nUpon an appointment under this section, the trustee company shall have the same powers authorities functions and duties as if it had been the original executor or administrator, as the case may be.\n(sec.20-ssec.1) With the consent of the Court or a Judge, any executor, whether appointed before or after the commencement of this Act, may, before or after taking out probate, appoint a trustee company as an executor in his or her place.\n(sec.20-ssec.2) With the consent of the Court or a Judge, an administrator with or without the will annexed, whether appointed before or after the commencement of this Act may appoint a trustee company as an administrator in his or her place.\n(sec.20-ssec.3) A trustee company shall not be appointed under this section in any case in which the testator has by will expressly prohibited the appointment of the trustee company to the office in question.\n(sec.20-ssec.4) Upon an appointment under this section, the trustee company shall have the same powers authorities functions and duties as if it had been the original executor or administrator, as the case may be.","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"sec.21","sectionType":"section","heading":"Trustee company may be appointed trustee receiver etc.","content":"### sec.21 Trustee company may be appointed trustee receiver etc.\n\nSubject to this section, any court, Judge or person (not being himself or herself a trustee) who has power to appoint or approve of any person as—\ntrustee; or\nreceiver; or\nguardian of any person or of his or her estate; or\nliquidator or official liquidator; or\nguarantor or surety for any person appointed as administrator whether solely or jointly with any person;\nmay appoint or approve of the appointment of, a trustee company either solely or jointly with any other person to any of those offices or positions in respect of which it or he or she has the said power.\nSubject to this section, a trustee company may be appointed, or may continue, to act as sole trustee in all cases notwithstanding that it is provided by the terms of the instrument (if any) creating the trust or of any power or otherwise that there shall be more than 1 trustee to perform the trust.\nWhere a trustee company and 1 or more individuals are co-trustees, any 1 or more of such individuals may retire, and the trustee company shall for the purposes of any Act now or hereafter in force relating to the retirement of trustees and the vesting of trust property be deemed to be equivalent to two trustees.\nA trustee company shall not be appointed in any case in which the instrument creating the trust or power forbids the appointment of the trustee company to the relevant office or position.\nA trustee company shall not be appointed or be entitled to act as sole trustee in any case in which the instrument creating the trust or power expressly provides that there shall be another trustee in addition to a trustee company or that a trustee company shall not be appointed or act as sole trustee.\nWhere a trustee company is appointed to any of the offices or positions referred to in subsection (1) the trustee company may perform, exercise and discharge all the powers and duties and shall be liable to all the obligations pertaining to the office or position to which it is appointed.\nNotwithstanding any Act or rule of law, a trustee, or other person having power to appoint a trustee, may appoint a trustee company to be a trustee without the consent of the Court in any case in which he or she has power to appoint a new trustee.\nNotwithstanding anything contained in or omitted from the memorandum or articles of association of a trustee company, the trustee company may be appointed and may act—\nas guardian of the person and the estate of any person; and\nas liquidator or official liquidator of any company under the provisions of the Corporations Act .\ns 21 amd 1981 No. 111 s 23 sch ; 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1 ; 2000 No. 8 s 263 sch 3 ; 2001 No. 45 s 29 sch 3\n(sec.21-ssec.1) Subject to this section, any court, Judge or person (not being himself or herself a trustee) who has power to appoint or approve of any person as— trustee; or receiver; or guardian of any person or of his or her estate; or liquidator or official liquidator; or guarantor or surety for any person appointed as administrator whether solely or jointly with any person; may appoint or approve of the appointment of, a trustee company either solely or jointly with any other person to any of those offices or positions in respect of which it or he or she has the said power.\n(sec.21-ssec.2) Subject to this section, a trustee company may be appointed, or may continue, to act as sole trustee in all cases notwithstanding that it is provided by the terms of the instrument (if any) creating the trust or of any power or otherwise that there shall be more than 1 trustee to perform the trust.\n(sec.21-ssec.3) Where a trustee company and 1 or more individuals are co-trustees, any 1 or more of such individuals may retire, and the trustee company shall for the purposes of any Act now or hereafter in force relating to the retirement of trustees and the vesting of trust property be deemed to be equivalent to two trustees.\n(sec.21-ssec.4) A trustee company shall not be appointed in any case in which the instrument creating the trust or power forbids the appointment of the trustee company to the relevant office or position.\n(sec.21-ssec.5) A trustee company shall not be appointed or be entitled to act as sole trustee in any case in which the instrument creating the trust or power expressly provides that there shall be another trustee in addition to a trustee company or that a trustee company shall not be appointed or act as sole trustee.\n(sec.21-ssec.6) Where a trustee company is appointed to any of the offices or positions referred to in subsection (1) the trustee company may perform, exercise and discharge all the powers and duties and shall be liable to all the obligations pertaining to the office or position to which it is appointed.\n(sec.21-ssec.7) Notwithstanding any Act or rule of law, a trustee, or other person having power to appoint a trustee, may appoint a trustee company to be a trustee without the consent of the Court in any case in which he or she has power to appoint a new trustee.\n(sec.21-ssec.8) Notwithstanding anything contained in or omitted from the memorandum or articles of association of a trustee company, the trustee company may be appointed and may act— as guardian of the person and the estate of any person; and as liquidator or official liquidator of any company under the provisions of the Corporations Act .\n- (a) trustee; or\n- (b) receiver; or\n- (d) guardian of any person or of his or her estate; or\n- (e) liquidator or official liquidator; or\n- (f) guarantor or surety for any person appointed as administrator whether solely or jointly with any person;\n- (a) as guardian of the person and the estate of any person; and\n- (b) as liquidator or official liquidator of any company under the provisions of the Corporations Act .","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"sec.22","sectionType":"section","heading":"Trustee company may act under power of attorney by an officer of the company etc.","content":"### sec.22 Trustee company may act under power of attorney by an officer of the company etc.\n\nA trustee company may act, either alone or jointly with any other person, under any power of attorney by which the trustee company is appointed attorney by any person or by any company or other corporation (including a power of attorney to apply for and obtain a grant of probate, letters of administration with the will annexed, letters of administration or other appropriate grant or the sealing thereof or an exemplification, duplicate or a copy thereof) as attorney for the person company or corporation, as the case may be, and all the powers conferred upon the trustee company by the power of attorney may be exercised and carried into execution by an officer of the trustee company.\nNothing in this section shall be taken to authorise any person, company or other corporation to confer any power upon the trustee company which cannot be legally conferred upon a private individual.\n(sec.22-ssec.1) A trustee company may act, either alone or jointly with any other person, under any power of attorney by which the trustee company is appointed attorney by any person or by any company or other corporation (including a power of attorney to apply for and obtain a grant of probate, letters of administration with the will annexed, letters of administration or other appropriate grant or the sealing thereof or an exemplification, duplicate or a copy thereof) as attorney for the person company or corporation, as the case may be, and all the powers conferred upon the trustee company by the power of attorney may be exercised and carried into execution by an officer of the trustee company.\n(sec.22-ssec.2) Nothing in this section shall be taken to authorise any person, company or other corporation to confer any power upon the trustee company which cannot be legally conferred upon a private individual.","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"sec.23","sectionType":"section","heading":"A holder of certain offices and positions may appoint a trustee company to discharge duties","content":"### sec.23 A holder of certain offices and positions may appoint a trustee company to discharge duties\n\nAny executor or administrator acting under any probate or letters of administration, whether granted before or after the commencement of this Act, and any trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator whether appointed before or after that commencement, with the consent of the Court may appoint a trustee company to perform and discharge all the acts and duties of the executor, administrator, trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator, as the case may be, and the trustee company shall have power to perform and discharge all those acts and duties accordingly.\nWhere a trustee company is appointed under this section to perform and discharge the acts and duties of an office or position, the executor, administrator, trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator so appointing the trustee company shall be released from liability in respect of all acts done by or omitted to be done by the trustee company acting under the appointment.\n(sec.23-ssec.1) Any executor or administrator acting under any probate or letters of administration, whether granted before or after the commencement of this Act, and any trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator whether appointed before or after that commencement, with the consent of the Court may appoint a trustee company to perform and discharge all the acts and duties of the executor, administrator, trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator, as the case may be, and the trustee company shall have power to perform and discharge all those acts and duties accordingly.\n(sec.23-ssec.2) Where a trustee company is appointed under this section to perform and discharge the acts and duties of an office or position, the executor, administrator, trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator so appointing the trustee company shall be released from liability in respect of all acts done by or omitted to be done by the trustee company acting under the appointment.","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"sec.24","sectionType":"section","heading":"Trustee may appoint a trustee company a trustee","content":"### sec.24 Trustee may appoint a trustee company a trustee\n\nSubject to subsection (2) , any trustee may appoint a trustee company to be trustee in his or her place.\nUnless under the instrument creating the power or trust or under some other Act the trustee is authorised to appoint another person as trustee any appointment under subsection (1) is subject to the consent of the Court.\nSection 21 (2) to (5) shall apply to an appointment under this section.\nWhere a trustee company is appointed a trustee under this section, the trustee company may perform and discharge all the acts and duties, and shall be liable to all the obligations, pertaining to the office of the trustee in whose place it is appointed and the person so appointing the trustee company is released from liability in respect of all acts done by or omitted to be done by the trustee company acting under an appointment pursuant to this section.\n(sec.24-ssec.1) Subject to subsection (2) , any trustee may appoint a trustee company to be trustee in his or her place.\n(sec.24-ssec.2) Unless under the instrument creating the power or trust or under some other Act the trustee is authorised to appoint another person as trustee any appointment under subsection (1) is subject to the consent of the Court.\n(sec.24-ssec.3) Section 21 (2) to (5) shall apply to an appointment under this section.\n(sec.24-ssec.4) Where a trustee company is appointed a trustee under this section, the trustee company may perform and discharge all the acts and duties, and shall be liable to all the obligations, pertaining to the office of the trustee in whose place it is appointed and the person so appointing the trustee company is released from liability in respect of all acts done by or omitted to be done by the trustee company acting under an appointment pursuant to this section.","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"sec.25","sectionType":"section","heading":"Property vested in trustee company and another as trustees to be held jointly","content":"### sec.25 Property vested in trustee company and another as trustees to be held jointly\n\nWhere any property is vested in a trustee company and a private individual or in a trustee company and another body corporate to the intent that they should hold the same jointly in any fiduciary capacity or as mortgagees they shall be deemed to be joint tenants thereof and not tenants in common unless otherwise expressly provided.","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"sec.26","sectionType":"section","heading":"Payment of legacies of infants to trustee company","content":"### sec.26 Payment of legacies of infants to trustee company\n\nWith the consent of the trustee company, any trustee may pay to any trustee company any money, being the whole amount, or the whole remaining amount, of any legacy or share in any estate to which an infant is entitled, whether absolutely or contingently, under a will, instrument, trust, or intestacy, and by writing in a form approved by the trustee company direct the trustee company to account for the legacy or share according to the provisions of the will, instrument, trust, or intestacy.\nThe writing shall declare that the amount therein stated is the whole amount or, as the case may be, the whole remaining amount to which the infant is so entitled, and how much of the amount is capital and how much thereof is income and how much (if any) of the capital and income has been expended, whether for the maintenance, education, advancement, or benefit of the infant or otherwise, and (in the case of money to which the infant is contingently entitled) the person or persons who will become entitled to the money or so much as remains in the event of the infant failing to become absolutely entitled, and the shares and interests of those persons, and such other matters as the trustee company may require.\nThe writing shall be certified correct by the trustee, and, without limiting the effect of the provisions (where applicable) of subsection (5) , the trustee company shall not be under any obligation to inquire into the accuracy of the certificate nor shall the trustee company incur any liability through acting upon any statement contained in the writing.\nUpon subsections (1) to (3) being complied with in any case, the writing shall vest in the trustee company all the powers of the trustee in respect of the legacy or share, whether conferred by the will or trust instrument or by any enactment or in any other manner howsoever.\nThe trustee shall, at the time of completing the certificate and directions referred to in subsections (1) to (4) , furnish to the trustee company where applicable a true copy of the will or trust instrument affecting the legacy or share, and the trustee company shall act in pursuance of the trusts therein contained.\nThe provisions of this section shall extend to all wills, trusts, trust instruments, intestacies, and transactions, whether they took effect before or after the commencement of this Act.\nIn this section—\ntrustee includes an executor or administrator with or without the will annexed.\n(sec.26-ssec.1) With the consent of the trustee company, any trustee may pay to any trustee company any money, being the whole amount, or the whole remaining amount, of any legacy or share in any estate to which an infant is entitled, whether absolutely or contingently, under a will, instrument, trust, or intestacy, and by writing in a form approved by the trustee company direct the trustee company to account for the legacy or share according to the provisions of the will, instrument, trust, or intestacy.\n(sec.26-ssec.2) The writing shall declare that the amount therein stated is the whole amount or, as the case may be, the whole remaining amount to which the infant is so entitled, and how much of the amount is capital and how much thereof is income and how much (if any) of the capital and income has been expended, whether for the maintenance, education, advancement, or benefit of the infant or otherwise, and (in the case of money to which the infant is contingently entitled) the person or persons who will become entitled to the money or so much as remains in the event of the infant failing to become absolutely entitled, and the shares and interests of those persons, and such other matters as the trustee company may require.\n(sec.26-ssec.3) The writing shall be certified correct by the trustee, and, without limiting the effect of the provisions (where applicable) of subsection (5) , the trustee company shall not be under any obligation to inquire into the accuracy of the certificate nor shall the trustee company incur any liability through acting upon any statement contained in the writing.\n(sec.26-ssec.4) Upon subsections (1) to (3) being complied with in any case, the writing shall vest in the trustee company all the powers of the trustee in respect of the legacy or share, whether conferred by the will or trust instrument or by any enactment or in any other manner howsoever.\n(sec.26-ssec.5) The trustee shall, at the time of completing the certificate and directions referred to in subsections (1) to (4) , furnish to the trustee company where applicable a true copy of the will or trust instrument affecting the legacy or share, and the trustee company shall act in pursuance of the trusts therein contained.\n(sec.26-ssec.6) The provisions of this section shall extend to all wills, trusts, trust instruments, intestacies, and transactions, whether they took effect before or after the commencement of this Act.\n(sec.26-ssec.7) In this section— trustee includes an executor or administrator with or without the will annexed.","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"sec.27","sectionType":"section","heading":"Appointment of trustee company where person whose consent is required refuses or is unable to consent","content":"### sec.27 Appointment of trustee company where person whose consent is required refuses or is unable to consent\n\nWhere the consent of any person is requisite to the appointment of an administrator or trustee and the person refuses to consent to a specified trustee company being appointed, or where the person to consent is not of full age or full mental capacity or is under any other disability, an appointment of the trustee company may be made without that consent if the Court consents thereto.","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"pt.3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Powers","content":"# Powers","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"sec.28","sectionType":"section","heading":"General powers of trustee company","content":"### sec.28 General powers of trustee company\n\nNotwithstanding anything in any other Act, a trustee company may, unless expressly prohibited by or under the terms of the instrument (if any) creating the trust exercise the following powers—\nsubject to subsection (2) , sell property by public auction or private contract, altogether or in parts, and subject to such conditions as the trustee company deems fit;\npurchase land in fee simple in Queensland;\nfor the purpose of the sale (including a sale in the exercise of a power of sale as mortgagee) of any real or leasehold property, subdivide the same into allotments, and for that purpose construct and dedicate all such roads, footpaths, and streets, and do all such other things as the trustee company having regard to all the circumstances of the case deems necessary, or as are required by any Act or by-law relating to subdivisions;\nexchange property or join in a partition of property;\nwhere in connection with any estate, the trustee company is lawfully holding any shares in, or debentures, debenture stock, notes (secured or otherwise), variable interest stock or like investment of a company, corporation (other than a company), institution or authority and on a reconstruction or change in constitution thereof (by takeover or otherwise) the shareholders, debenture holders, debenture stock holders, notes holders, variable interest stock holders or like investment holders are offered an option to take up shares, debentures, debenture stock, notes (secured or otherwise), variable interest stock or like investment in addition thereto or in substitution therefor, the trustee company may, on behalf of the estate, take up the additional or substitutional shares, debentures, debenture stock, notes (secured or otherwise) variable interest stock or like investment or any of them, and for that purpose may apply funds belonging to the estate, or advance on the security of the estate, such sums as may be necessary;\nsubject to subsection (3) , appropriate any part of any estate in or towards satisfaction of any legacy or share (whether settled, contingent or absolute) to which any person entitled, and whether any beneficiaries so entitled are minors or not, and for that purpose value the whole or any part of the estate in such manner as the trustee company in the circumstances of the case may determine;\nconsult with and employ such persons as the trustee company deems expedient for advising or assisting it in the administration or management of any estate, and remunerate any such person at such rate and in such manner as the trustee company may determine to be proper;\nsubject where the sum to be expended exceeds $50000 in the aggregate to the consent of the Court or the beneficiaries, from time to time expend portion of the capital of any estate under its administration on the improvement or development of the estate, or in the purchase of livestock, machinery, plant, implements and other chattels, and for the like purposes advance money on the security of the estate;\nsubject where the sum of the additional moneys to be expended exceeds $50000 in the aggregate to the consent of the Court or the beneficiaries, in the case of total or partial destruction of buildings or other improvements utilise any insurance moneys received in respect thereof together with such additional moneys of the estate as may be necessary for the construction or restoration of the buildings or improvements or any of them;\nfrom time to time postpone the conversion of any real or personal estate for such time as the trustee company determines is proper in the circumstances;\nwhere a power of sale is conferred by this Act or by any instrument, give a lease of the property with an optional or compulsory purchasing clause;\nlease property for a term not exceeding 21 years and renew any such lease or enter into any sharefarming agreement and renew any such sharefarming agreement;\nsurrender or concur in surrendering any lease, and accept a new lease;\nrepair any property;\ninsure any property against fire or accident or against any loss whatsoever in respect of, or arising out of the use of, the property;\npay rates, taxes, assessments, insurance premiums and other outgoings;\nsubject to the consent of the Court or the beneficiaries where the sum borrowed exceeds the sum of $50000, borrow money upon the security of property and secure the payment of the money and interest thereon by mortgage or charge of the property that may include a power of sale and such covenants, provisions and agreements as may be agreed upon by the trustee company and the mortgagee or chargee;\nsecure the payment of any debt or liability incurred before the date of the trustee company’s appointment or authority by a mortgage or charge of property securing payment thereof and interest on the amount thereof which mortgage or charge may include a power of sale and such covenants provisions and agreements as may be agreed upon by the trustee company and the mortgagee or chargee, and pay the interest secured by the mortgage or charge out of income or, if the income is insufficient for that purpose, out of capital;\ngrant and acquire easements and enter into party wall agreements;\ndo or omit all acts and things, and execute all instruments, necessary to carry into effect any of the trustee company’s powers and authorities;\nout of moneys in which any person is beneficially interested for a life estate or greater interest or which may be applied for the use or benefit of any person, purchase land in Queensland held in fee simple for the purpose of providing or erecting thereon a home for that person.\nNo sale of real property under subsection (1) (a) shall be made by private contract unless or until after the same has been offered for sale by public auction and not sold or unless the beneficiaries consent in writing to sale by private contract.\nThe following provisions apply to an appropriation under subsection (1) (f) —\nbefore any appropriation is effectual, notice thereof must be given to all persons sui juris who are interested in the appropriation, and whose whereabouts are known to the trustee company;\nthe trustee company may alter or amend the appropriation and notice within 1 month from the giving of notice;\nany such person may within 1 month of the receipt of the notice referred to in paragraph (a) or of notice of amendment where amendment is notified, apply to the Court to vary the appropriation;\nthe appropriation shall be conclusive save as otherwise directed by the Court;\nwhere—\nany person interested is out of the jurisdiction; or\nthe whereabouts of any person interested are unknown to the trustee company;\nthe period of 1 month referred to in paragraph (c) may be extended by the Court, for such period as the Court thinks fit, on the application of the trustee company or of any person interested.\nThe powers conferred by this section are in addition to and not in restriction of any other powers conferred on a trustee company by this or any other Act or by the instrument (if any) creating the trust.\ns 28 amd 1996 No. 79 s 113\n(sec.28-ssec.1) Notwithstanding anything in any other Act, a trustee company may, unless expressly prohibited by or under the terms of the instrument (if any) creating the trust exercise the following powers— subject to subsection (2) , sell property by public auction or private contract, altogether or in parts, and subject to such conditions as the trustee company deems fit; purchase land in fee simple in Queensland; for the purpose of the sale (including a sale in the exercise of a power of sale as mortgagee) of any real or leasehold property, subdivide the same into allotments, and for that purpose construct and dedicate all such roads, footpaths, and streets, and do all such other things as the trustee company having regard to all the circumstances of the case deems necessary, or as are required by any Act or by-law relating to subdivisions; exchange property or join in a partition of property; where in connection with any estate, the trustee company is lawfully holding any shares in, or debentures, debenture stock, notes (secured or otherwise), variable interest stock or like investment of a company, corporation (other than a company), institution or authority and on a reconstruction or change in constitution thereof (by takeover or otherwise) the shareholders, debenture holders, debenture stock holders, notes holders, variable interest stock holders or like investment holders are offered an option to take up shares, debentures, debenture stock, notes (secured or otherwise), variable interest stock or like investment in addition thereto or in substitution therefor, the trustee company may, on behalf of the estate, take up the additional or substitutional shares, debentures, debenture stock, notes (secured or otherwise) variable interest stock or like investment or any of them, and for that purpose may apply funds belonging to the estate, or advance on the security of the estate, such sums as may be necessary; subject to subsection (3) , appropriate any part of any estate in or towards satisfaction of any legacy or share (whether settled, contingent or absolute) to which any person entitled, and whether any beneficiaries so entitled are minors or not, and for that purpose value the whole or any part of the estate in such manner as the trustee company in the circumstances of the case may determine; consult with and employ such persons as the trustee company deems expedient for advising or assisting it in the administration or management of any estate, and remunerate any such person at such rate and in such manner as the trustee company may determine to be proper; subject where the sum to be expended exceeds $50000 in the aggregate to the consent of the Court or the beneficiaries, from time to time expend portion of the capital of any estate under its administration on the improvement or development of the estate, or in the purchase of livestock, machinery, plant, implements and other chattels, and for the like purposes advance money on the security of the estate; subject where the sum of the additional moneys to be expended exceeds $50000 in the aggregate to the consent of the Court or the beneficiaries, in the case of total or partial destruction of buildings or other improvements utilise any insurance moneys received in respect thereof together with such additional moneys of the estate as may be necessary for the construction or restoration of the buildings or improvements or any of them; from time to time postpone the conversion of any real or personal estate for such time as the trustee company determines is proper in the circumstances; where a power of sale is conferred by this Act or by any instrument, give a lease of the property with an optional or compulsory purchasing clause; lease property for a term not exceeding 21 years and renew any such lease or enter into any sharefarming agreement and renew any such sharefarming agreement; surrender or concur in surrendering any lease, and accept a new lease; repair any property; insure any property against fire or accident or against any loss whatsoever in respect of, or arising out of the use of, the property; pay rates, taxes, assessments, insurance premiums and other outgoings; subject to the consent of the Court or the beneficiaries where the sum borrowed exceeds the sum of $50000, borrow money upon the security of property and secure the payment of the money and interest thereon by mortgage or charge of the property that may include a power of sale and such covenants, provisions and agreements as may be agreed upon by the trustee company and the mortgagee or chargee; secure the payment of any debt or liability incurred before the date of the trustee company’s appointment or authority by a mortgage or charge of property securing payment thereof and interest on the amount thereof which mortgage or charge may include a power of sale and such covenants provisions and agreements as may be agreed upon by the trustee company and the mortgagee or chargee, and pay the interest secured by the mortgage or charge out of income or, if the income is insufficient for that purpose, out of capital; grant and acquire easements and enter into party wall agreements; do or omit all acts and things, and execute all instruments, necessary to carry into effect any of the trustee company’s powers and authorities; out of moneys in which any person is beneficially interested for a life estate or greater interest or which may be applied for the use or benefit of any person, purchase land in Queensland held in fee simple for the purpose of providing or erecting thereon a home for that person.\n(sec.28-ssec.2) No sale of real property under subsection (1) (a) shall be made by private contract unless or until after the same has been offered for sale by public auction and not sold or unless the beneficiaries consent in writing to sale by private contract.\n(sec.28-ssec.3) The following provisions apply to an appropriation under subsection (1) (f) — before any appropriation is effectual, notice thereof must be given to all persons sui juris who are interested in the appropriation, and whose whereabouts are known to the trustee company; the trustee company may alter or amend the appropriation and notice within 1 month from the giving of notice; any such person may within 1 month of the receipt of the notice referred to in paragraph (a) or of notice of amendment where amendment is notified, apply to the Court to vary the appropriation; the appropriation shall be conclusive save as otherwise directed by the Court; where— any person interested is out of the jurisdiction; or the whereabouts of any person interested are unknown to the trustee company; the period of 1 month referred to in paragraph (c) may be extended by the Court, for such period as the Court thinks fit, on the application of the trustee company or of any person interested.\n(sec.28-ssec.4) The powers conferred by this section are in addition to and not in restriction of any other powers conferred on a trustee company by this or any other Act or by the instrument (if any) creating the trust.\n- (a) subject to subsection (2) , sell property by public auction or private contract, altogether or in parts, and subject to such conditions as the trustee company deems fit;\n- (b) purchase land in fee simple in Queensland;\n- (c) for the purpose of the sale (including a sale in the exercise of a power of sale as mortgagee) of any real or leasehold property, subdivide the same into allotments, and for that purpose construct and dedicate all such roads, footpaths, and streets, and do all such other things as the trustee company having regard to all the circumstances of the case deems necessary, or as are required by any Act or by-law relating to subdivisions;\n- (d) exchange property or join in a partition of property;\n- (e) where in connection with any estate, the trustee company is lawfully holding any shares in, or debentures, debenture stock, notes (secured or otherwise), variable interest stock or like investment of a company, corporation (other than a company), institution or authority and on a reconstruction or change in constitution thereof (by takeover or otherwise) the shareholders, debenture holders, debenture stock holders, notes holders, variable interest stock holders or like investment holders are offered an option to take up shares, debentures, debenture stock, notes (secured or otherwise), variable interest stock or like investment in addition thereto or in substitution therefor, the trustee company may, on behalf of the estate, take up the additional or substitutional shares, debentures, debenture stock, notes (secured or otherwise) variable interest stock or like investment or any of them, and for that purpose may apply funds belonging to the estate, or advance on the security of the estate, such sums as may be necessary;\n- (f) subject to subsection (3) , appropriate any part of any estate in or towards satisfaction of any legacy or share (whether settled, contingent or absolute) to which any person entitled, and whether any beneficiaries so entitled are minors or not, and for that purpose value the whole or any part of the estate in such manner as the trustee company in the circumstances of the case may determine;\n- (g) consult with and employ such persons as the trustee company deems expedient for advising or assisting it in the administration or management of any estate, and remunerate any such person at such rate and in such manner as the trustee company may determine to be proper;\n- (h) subject where the sum to be expended exceeds $50000 in the aggregate to the consent of the Court or the beneficiaries, from time to time expend portion of the capital of any estate under its administration on the improvement or development of the estate, or in the purchase of livestock, machinery, plant, implements and other chattels, and for the like purposes advance money on the security of the estate;\n- (i) subject where the sum of the additional moneys to be expended exceeds $50000 in the aggregate to the consent of the Court or the beneficiaries, in the case of total or partial destruction of buildings or other improvements utilise any insurance moneys received in respect thereof together with such additional moneys of the estate as may be necessary for the construction or restoration of the buildings or improvements or any of them;\n- (j) from time to time postpone the conversion of any real or personal estate for such time as the trustee company determines is proper in the circumstances;\n- (k) where a power of sale is conferred by this Act or by any instrument, give a lease of the property with an optional or compulsory purchasing clause;\n- (l) lease property for a term not exceeding 21 years and renew any such lease or enter into any sharefarming agreement and renew any such sharefarming agreement;\n- (m) surrender or concur in surrendering any lease, and accept a new lease;\n- (n) repair any property;\n- (o) insure any property against fire or accident or against any loss whatsoever in respect of, or arising out of the use of, the property;\n- (p) pay rates, taxes, assessments, insurance premiums and other outgoings;\n- (q) subject to the consent of the Court or the beneficiaries where the sum borrowed exceeds the sum of $50000, borrow money upon the security of property and secure the payment of the money and interest thereon by mortgage or charge of the property that may include a power of sale and such covenants, provisions and agreements as may be agreed upon by the trustee company and the mortgagee or chargee;\n- (r) secure the payment of any debt or liability incurred before the date of the trustee company’s appointment or authority by a mortgage or charge of property securing payment thereof and interest on the amount thereof which mortgage or charge may include a power of sale and such covenants provisions and agreements as may be agreed upon by the trustee company and the mortgagee or chargee, and pay the interest secured by the mortgage or charge out of income or, if the income is insufficient for that purpose, out of capital;\n- (s) grant and acquire easements and enter into party wall agreements;\n- (t) do or omit all acts and things, and execute all instruments, necessary to carry into effect any of the trustee company’s powers and authorities;\n- (u) out of moneys in which any person is beneficially interested for a life estate or greater interest or which may be applied for the use or benefit of any person, purchase land in Queensland held in fee simple for the purpose of providing or erecting thereon a home for that person.\n- (a) before any appropriation is effectual, notice thereof must be given to all persons sui juris who are interested in the appropriation, and whose whereabouts are known to the trustee company;\n- (b) the trustee company may alter or amend the appropriation and notice within 1 month from the giving of notice;\n- (c) any such person may within 1 month of the receipt of the notice referred to in paragraph (a) or of notice of amendment where amendment is notified, apply to the Court to vary the appropriation;\n- (d) the appropriation shall be conclusive save as otherwise directed by the Court;\n- (e) where— (i) any person interested is out of the jurisdiction; or (ii) the whereabouts of any person interested are unknown to the trustee company; the period of 1 month referred to in paragraph (c) may be extended by the Court, for such period as the Court thinks fit, on the application of the trustee company or of any person interested.\n- (i) any person interested is out of the jurisdiction; or\n- (ii) the whereabouts of any person interested are unknown to the trustee company;\n- (i) any person interested is out of the jurisdiction; or\n- (ii) the whereabouts of any person interested are unknown to the trustee company;","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"sec.29","sectionType":"section","heading":"Administrator carrying on intestate’s business","content":"### sec.29 Administrator carrying on intestate’s business\n\nWhere—\nadministration of the estate of any intestate has been granted to a trustee company; and\nthe property or any part of the property of the deceased intestate was at the time of his or her death employed by him or her in any business or undertaking; and\nthe persons or 1 or more of the persons beneficially entitled to the property so employed are infants or is an infant;\nit is lawful for the trustee company with the sanction of the Court and with the consent of and after hearing such other person or persons (if any) as the Court may direct—\nto postpone the sale and conversion of the property into money; and\nto manage and carry on the business or undertaking with or in connection with such property and for such period during the minority of the infant or infants as the Court may think fit for the benefit of the persons entitled to that property.\nThe sanction of the Court may be obtained on summons to be served on such persons as the Court or a Judge may direct, and the Court or a Judge may direct the costs of and incidental to the summons to be borne and paid by such persons as may be just.\n(sec.29-ssec.1) Where— administration of the estate of any intestate has been granted to a trustee company; and the property or any part of the property of the deceased intestate was at the time of his or her death employed by him or her in any business or undertaking; and the persons or 1 or more of the persons beneficially entitled to the property so employed are infants or is an infant; it is lawful for the trustee company with the sanction of the Court and with the consent of and after hearing such other person or persons (if any) as the Court may direct— to postpone the sale and conversion of the property into money; and to manage and carry on the business or undertaking with or in connection with such property and for such period during the minority of the infant or infants as the Court may think fit for the benefit of the persons entitled to that property.\n(sec.29-ssec.2) The sanction of the Court may be obtained on summons to be served on such persons as the Court or a Judge may direct, and the Court or a Judge may direct the costs of and incidental to the summons to be borne and paid by such persons as may be just.\n- (a) administration of the estate of any intestate has been granted to a trustee company; and\n- (b) the property or any part of the property of the deceased intestate was at the time of his or her death employed by him or her in any business or undertaking; and\n- (c) the persons or 1 or more of the persons beneficially entitled to the property so employed are infants or is an infant;\n- (d) to postpone the sale and conversion of the property into money; and\n- (e) to manage and carry on the business or undertaking with or in connection with such property and for such period during the minority of the infant or infants as the Court may think fit for the benefit of the persons entitled to that property.","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"sec.30","sectionType":"section","heading":"Power of company in certain cases of devises of realty","content":"### sec.30 Power of company in certain cases of devises of realty\n\nWhere a trustee company is pursuant to this Act administering the estate of any deceased testator, who has by will devised land—\nto any person who at the date of the death of the testator is under the age of 18 years; or\nwhen the trustee company is satisfied that the debts and liabilities of the testator due at the testator’s death or the funeral expenses of the testator or the expenses of administration cannot be fully satisfied without recourse to the land so devised, to any person;\nthe trustee company shall, notwithstanding any law to the contrary, be entitled to have transmission of the land so devised entered up to it as trustee in the proper registry, and shall have the same powers and authority to deal with that land as though the land had by the will of the testator been devised to it upon trust for the devisee.\nWithout limiting the powers of the trustee company in other respects it shall, notwithstanding any provision of the testator’s will, have power to raise such sum or sums of money as it deems sufficient for the purpose of discharging any debts or liabilities charged upon the testator’s estate, or for the payment of which that estate may be made available, by—\nmortgage (at such rate of interest and repayable within such period as it thinks proper); or\nsale at public auction; or\nsubject to offer for sale at public auction, at the best price obtainable thereafter (on such terms and conditions as it thinks proper); or\nlease (of such duration as it thinks proper) at the best rent obtainable;\nof the land devised by the testator as mentioned in subsection (1) or any part thereof.\ns 30 amd 1974 No. 57 s 8 sch\n(sec.30-ssec.1) Where a trustee company is pursuant to this Act administering the estate of any deceased testator, who has by will devised land— to any person who at the date of the death of the testator is under the age of 18 years; or when the trustee company is satisfied that the debts and liabilities of the testator due at the testator’s death or the funeral expenses of the testator or the expenses of administration cannot be fully satisfied without recourse to the land so devised, to any person; the trustee company shall, notwithstanding any law to the contrary, be entitled to have transmission of the land so devised entered up to it as trustee in the proper registry, and shall have the same powers and authority to deal with that land as though the land had by the will of the testator been devised to it upon trust for the devisee.\n(sec.30-ssec.2) Without limiting the powers of the trustee company in other respects it shall, notwithstanding any provision of the testator’s will, have power to raise such sum or sums of money as it deems sufficient for the purpose of discharging any debts or liabilities charged upon the testator’s estate, or for the payment of which that estate may be made available, by— mortgage (at such rate of interest and repayable within such period as it thinks proper); or sale at public auction; or subject to offer for sale at public auction, at the best price obtainable thereafter (on such terms and conditions as it thinks proper); or lease (of such duration as it thinks proper) at the best rent obtainable; of the land devised by the testator as mentioned in subsection (1) or any part thereof.\n- (a) to any person who at the date of the death of the testator is under the age of 18 years; or\n- (b) when the trustee company is satisfied that the debts and liabilities of the testator due at the testator’s death or the funeral expenses of the testator or the expenses of administration cannot be fully satisfied without recourse to the land so devised, to any person;\n- (a) mortgage (at such rate of interest and repayable within such period as it thinks proper); or\n- (b) sale at public auction; or\n- (c) subject to offer for sale at public auction, at the best price obtainable thereafter (on such terms and conditions as it thinks proper); or\n- (d) lease (of such duration as it thinks proper) at the best rent obtainable;","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"sec.31","sectionType":"section","heading":"Power to apply income, or capital, for maintenance etc.","content":"### sec.31 Power to apply income, or capital, for maintenance etc.\n\nWhere an infant is entitled to a share in an estate, whether testate or intestate, under administration by a trustee company, the trustee company may in its discretion apply for the maintenance, education, advancement or otherwise for the benefit of that infant, during minority—\nthe whole or any part of the income of the share to which the infant is entitled in possession; and\nany part or parts of the corpus or capital of the share to which the infant is entitled in possession or reversion immediately expectant on a prior life interest but no application of a reversionary share shall be made without the previous consent in writing of the person on whose death the prior interest is determinable.\nA trustee company may, instead of itself applying income, corpus or capital, under subsection (1) , pay the same to any person to be applied for the purposes specified in that subsection without seeing to the application or being answerable for the misapplication or non-application thereof.\nIn any case in which there are sufficient moneys available for the purpose, the trustee company may for the purposes specified in subsection (1) , apply the corpus of the share to which any infant is entitled in possession in excess of the limit prescribed in that subsection.\nNothing in subsection (1) or (3) shall apply to a case—\nwhere provision is expressly made for the maintenance, education, advancement, or otherwise for the benefit of an infant, unless such provision is insufficient, of which insufficiency the trustee company is sole judge; or\nwhere provision is expressly made against any such application.\nIn addition to and not by way of limitation of the powers conferred by subsections (1) and (3) where any property is held by a trustee company in trust for an infant, either for life or for any greater interest, whether absolutely or contingently upon the infant attaining a specified age, or on the occurrence of any event before attaining that age, the trustee company may in its discretion—\napply for the infant’s maintenance, education, advancement or otherwise for his or her benefit the income of that property or any part thereof, whether there is any fund available for the same purpose, or any person is bound by law to provide for the infant’s maintenance or education, or not; or\npay that income to any person to be applied for the purposes specified in this subsection without seeing to the application or being answerable for the misapplication or non-application thereof.\nThe trustee company shall—\naccumulate all the residue of the income of the property referred to in subsection (5) in the way of compound interest by investing the same and the resulting income thereof; and\nhold the accumulations for the benefit of the persons who ultimately become entitled to the property from which the same arise, but so that the trustee company may at any time at its discretion apply those accumulations or any part thereof as if the same were income arising in the then current year.\nSubsections (5) and (6) apply only if and so far as a contrary intention is not expressed in the instrument under which the interest of the infant arises, and shall have effect subject to the terms of that instrument and to the provisions therein contained.\nIn addition to and not by way of limitation of any of the powers conferred by subsections (1) to (7) , with the consent of the persons having prior estates or interests in property, whether corpus or capital or income, held under an instrument, whether the income is directed to be accumulated or not, if such corpus, capital, or income is made payable to a class of persons, and the members of that class, or some of them, would ultimately, on attaining a specified age or on the happening of an event, be entitled to a share of such corpus, capital, or income and by survivorship or otherwise may become entitled to the shares of the other members of the class, the contingencies being equal, the Court may authorise the application of, or the trustee company may with the like consent apply, the presumptive or contingent shares of infants belonging to the class towards their maintenance, education, advancement, or benefit, notwithstanding that there may be future members of the class who may come into existence.\nWhere any member of the class referred to in subsection (8) has attained the required age or become entitled by age or otherwise, then the consent of that person is necessary to any application under that subsection.\nApplications under subsection (8) to the Court may be made by a trustee company or by an infant, but nothing in this subsection shall be taken as limiting a trustee company’s power to act under that subsection without an authorisation by the Court.\nIn construing and giving effect to the respective provisions of this section, the one shall be taken in aid of the other, and so that each of the provisions can be exercised independently the one of the other.\ns 31 amd 1996 No. 79 s 114\n(sec.31-ssec.1) Where an infant is entitled to a share in an estate, whether testate or intestate, under administration by a trustee company, the trustee company may in its discretion apply for the maintenance, education, advancement or otherwise for the benefit of that infant, during minority— the whole or any part of the income of the share to which the infant is entitled in possession; and any part or parts of the corpus or capital of the share to which the infant is entitled in possession or reversion immediately expectant on a prior life interest but no application of a reversionary share shall be made without the previous consent in writing of the person on whose death the prior interest is determinable.\n(sec.31-ssec.2) A trustee company may, instead of itself applying income, corpus or capital, under subsection (1) , pay the same to any person to be applied for the purposes specified in that subsection without seeing to the application or being answerable for the misapplication or non-application thereof.\n(sec.31-ssec.3) In any case in which there are sufficient moneys available for the purpose, the trustee company may for the purposes specified in subsection (1) , apply the corpus of the share to which any infant is entitled in possession in excess of the limit prescribed in that subsection.\n(sec.31-ssec.4) Nothing in subsection (1) or (3) shall apply to a case— where provision is expressly made for the maintenance, education, advancement, or otherwise for the benefit of an infant, unless such provision is insufficient, of which insufficiency the trustee company is sole judge; or where provision is expressly made against any such application.\n(sec.31-ssec.5) In addition to and not by way of limitation of the powers conferred by subsections (1) and (3) where any property is held by a trustee company in trust for an infant, either for life or for any greater interest, whether absolutely or contingently upon the infant attaining a specified age, or on the occurrence of any event before attaining that age, the trustee company may in its discretion— apply for the infant’s maintenance, education, advancement or otherwise for his or her benefit the income of that property or any part thereof, whether there is any fund available for the same purpose, or any person is bound by law to provide for the infant’s maintenance or education, or not; or pay that income to any person to be applied for the purposes specified in this subsection without seeing to the application or being answerable for the misapplication or non-application thereof.\n(sec.31-ssec.6) The trustee company shall— accumulate all the residue of the income of the property referred to in subsection (5) in the way of compound interest by investing the same and the resulting income thereof; and hold the accumulations for the benefit of the persons who ultimately become entitled to the property from which the same arise, but so that the trustee company may at any time at its discretion apply those accumulations or any part thereof as if the same were income arising in the then current year.\n(sec.31-ssec.7) Subsections (5) and (6) apply only if and so far as a contrary intention is not expressed in the instrument under which the interest of the infant arises, and shall have effect subject to the terms of that instrument and to the provisions therein contained.\n(sec.31-ssec.8) In addition to and not by way of limitation of any of the powers conferred by subsections (1) to (7) , with the consent of the persons having prior estates or interests in property, whether corpus or capital or income, held under an instrument, whether the income is directed to be accumulated or not, if such corpus, capital, or income is made payable to a class of persons, and the members of that class, or some of them, would ultimately, on attaining a specified age or on the happening of an event, be entitled to a share of such corpus, capital, or income and by survivorship or otherwise may become entitled to the shares of the other members of the class, the contingencies being equal, the Court may authorise the application of, or the trustee company may with the like consent apply, the presumptive or contingent shares of infants belonging to the class towards their maintenance, education, advancement, or benefit, notwithstanding that there may be future members of the class who may come into existence.\n(sec.31-ssec.9) Where any member of the class referred to in subsection (8) has attained the required age or become entitled by age or otherwise, then the consent of that person is necessary to any application under that subsection.\n(sec.31-ssec.10) Applications under subsection (8) to the Court may be made by a trustee company or by an infant, but nothing in this subsection shall be taken as limiting a trustee company’s power to act under that subsection without an authorisation by the Court.\n(sec.31-ssec.11) In construing and giving effect to the respective provisions of this section, the one shall be taken in aid of the other, and so that each of the provisions can be exercised independently the one of the other.\n- (a) the whole or any part of the income of the share to which the infant is entitled in possession; and\n- (b) any part or parts of the corpus or capital of the share to which the infant is entitled in possession or reversion immediately expectant on a prior life interest but no application of a reversionary share shall be made without the previous consent in writing of the person on whose death the prior interest is determinable.\n- (a) where provision is expressly made for the maintenance, education, advancement, or otherwise for the benefit of an infant, unless such provision is insufficient, of which insufficiency the trustee company is sole judge; or\n- (b) where provision is expressly made against any such application.\n- (a) apply for the infant’s maintenance, education, advancement or otherwise for his or her benefit the income of that property or any part thereof, whether there is any fund available for the same purpose, or any person is bound by law to provide for the infant’s maintenance or education, or not; or\n- (b) pay that income to any person to be applied for the purposes specified in this subsection without seeing to the application or being answerable for the misapplication or non-application thereof.\n- (a) accumulate all the residue of the income of the property referred to in subsection (5) in the way of compound interest by investing the same and the resulting income thereof; and\n- (b) hold the accumulations for the benefit of the persons who ultimately become entitled to the property from which the same arise, but so that the trustee company may at any time at its discretion apply those accumulations or any part thereof as if the same were income arising in the then current year.","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"sec.32","sectionType":"section","heading":"Power to distribute assets of estate after notice on failure of action by claimant creditor","content":"### sec.32 Power to distribute assets of estate after notice on failure of action by claimant creditor\n\nWhere a trustee company refuses to recognise in whole or in part the claim of any person who claims to be a creditor against the estate of any deceased person, the trustee company may give notice in writing of that refusal to the person so claiming.\nIf the person to whom a notice has been given under subsection (1) does not within 6 months after the receipt of the notice institute any proceeding to enforce the claim, the trustee company may distribute the assets of the deceased person without regard to the claim or to so much thereof as the trustee company has by the notice refused to recognise, and thereupon the right of the person to whom such notice was given to recover from the trustee company the amount of the claim or the part thereof which the trustee company has by the notice refused to recognise shall be absolutely barred.\nFor the purposes of this section, a notice may be served on any person claiming to be a creditor against the estate by posting it to the person in a registered post letter addressed to the address given in the claim, and every such notice shall be deemed to have been received by that person in the ordinary course of post unless the trustee company has notice to the contrary before the distribution of the assets.\n(sec.32-ssec.1) Where a trustee company refuses to recognise in whole or in part the claim of any person who claims to be a creditor against the estate of any deceased person, the trustee company may give notice in writing of that refusal to the person so claiming.\n(sec.32-ssec.2) If the person to whom a notice has been given under subsection (1) does not within 6 months after the receipt of the notice institute any proceeding to enforce the claim, the trustee company may distribute the assets of the deceased person without regard to the claim or to so much thereof as the trustee company has by the notice refused to recognise, and thereupon the right of the person to whom such notice was given to recover from the trustee company the amount of the claim or the part thereof which the trustee company has by the notice refused to recognise shall be absolutely barred.\n(sec.32-ssec.3) For the purposes of this section, a notice may be served on any person claiming to be a creditor against the estate by posting it to the person in a registered post letter addressed to the address given in the claim, and every such notice shall be deemed to have been received by that person in the ordinary course of post unless the trustee company has notice to the contrary before the distribution of the assets.","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"sec.33","sectionType":"section","heading":"Power to distribute estate where possible claimants have not claimed","content":"### sec.33 Power to distribute estate where possible claimants have not claimed\n\nWhere—\na trustee company has been granted probate of a will or administration of an estate; and\nthe trustee company has been informed of the existence at any time of a person who if the person had survived the testator or intestate would have been entitled to a legacy under the will or to the whole or a distributive share of the estate; and\nthe person referred to in paragraph (b) has not nor has any person claiming through the person or as one of the person’s issue made a claim in respect of such legacy estate or share within 3 years after the grant of probate or of administration;\nthe trustee company after advertising as in this section directed may, without being under any liability to the person or to any person claiming through the person or to the person’s issue, distribute the estate as if such first mentioned person had predeceased the testator or intestate without issue.\nThe trustee company shall, before making any distribution pursuant to subsection (1) , make a report to a Judge setting out the material facts relating to the matter and obtain a direction from the Judge as to the form and number of the advertisements to be inserted and the places in which they are to be published and fixing a time after the insertion of the last of such advertisements at the expiration of which a distribution may be made.\nNothing in this section shall prejudice the right of any person to follow the assets or any part thereof into the hands of the person or persons who have received the same.\n(sec.33-ssec.1) Where— a trustee company has been granted probate of a will or administration of an estate; and the trustee company has been informed of the existence at any time of a person who if the person had survived the testator or intestate would have been entitled to a legacy under the will or to the whole or a distributive share of the estate; and the person referred to in paragraph (b) has not nor has any person claiming through the person or as one of the person’s issue made a claim in respect of such legacy estate or share within 3 years after the grant of probate or of administration; the trustee company after advertising as in this section directed may, without being under any liability to the person or to any person claiming through the person or to the person’s issue, distribute the estate as if such first mentioned person had predeceased the testator or intestate without issue.\n(sec.33-ssec.2) The trustee company shall, before making any distribution pursuant to subsection (1) , make a report to a Judge setting out the material facts relating to the matter and obtain a direction from the Judge as to the form and number of the advertisements to be inserted and the places in which they are to be published and fixing a time after the insertion of the last of such advertisements at the expiration of which a distribution may be made.\n(sec.33-ssec.3) Nothing in this section shall prejudice the right of any person to follow the assets or any part thereof into the hands of the person or persons who have received the same.\n- (a) a trustee company has been granted probate of a will or administration of an estate; and\n- (b) the trustee company has been informed of the existence at any time of a person who if the person had survived the testator or intestate would have been entitled to a legacy under the will or to the whole or a distributive share of the estate; and\n- (c) the person referred to in paragraph (b) has not nor has any person claiming through the person or as one of the person’s issue made a claim in respect of such legacy estate or share within 3 years after the grant of probate or of administration;","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"sec.34","sectionType":"section","heading":"When trustee company may pay claims without legal proof","content":"### sec.34 When trustee company may pay claims without legal proof\n\nWhere—\nan estate is being administered by a trustee company; and\nadvertisements have been published calling upon the creditors of the person whose estate is being administered to come in and prove their debts by an appointed time;\nthe trustee company may after the expiration of 6 months from the time so appointed—\nif no debt is proved; or\nif all creditors who have proved are paid;\npay any sum not exceeding $200 to any person claiming to the satisfaction of the trustee company to be a party in distribution or to be a legatee under a will, without legal proof of the right or title of the party so claiming.\n- (a) an estate is being administered by a trustee company; and\n- (b) advertisements have been published calling upon the creditors of the person whose estate is being administered to come in and prove their debts by an appointed time;\n- (c) if no debt is proved; or\n- (d) if all creditors who have proved are paid;","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"sec.35","sectionType":"section","heading":"Shares of infants during infancy","content":"### sec.35 Shares of infants during infancy\n\nWhere under any will or estate committed to a trustee company, a legacy or share of such estate is payable to an infant, then the trustee company shall (subject to the terms of any will or trust instrument) hold that legacy or share as trustee for the infant until such infancy ceases whereupon it shall account to the infant in terms of the will or trust instrument (if any).\nWithout prejudice to the liability of the trustee company to account as provided in subsection (1) for such legacy or share when infancy ceases, a certificate under the hand of an officer of the trustee company that such legacy or share is so held in terms of this section shall be deemed a proper discharge therefor for all purposes and rules of law.\n(sec.35-ssec.1) Where under any will or estate committed to a trustee company, a legacy or share of such estate is payable to an infant, then the trustee company shall (subject to the terms of any will or trust instrument) hold that legacy or share as trustee for the infant until such infancy ceases whereupon it shall account to the infant in terms of the will or trust instrument (if any).\n(sec.35-ssec.2) Without prejudice to the liability of the trustee company to account as provided in subsection (1) for such legacy or share when infancy ceases, a certificate under the hand of an officer of the trustee company that such legacy or share is so held in terms of this section shall be deemed a proper discharge therefor for all purposes and rules of law.","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"sec.36","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.36\n\ns 36 amd 1989 No. 77 s 9 ; 1993 No. 38 s 4 ; 1997 No. 17 s 62\nom 2009 No. 49 s 84","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"sec.36A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.36A\n\ns 36A ins 1989 No. 77 s 10\namd 1992 No. 12 s 66 sch ; 1997 No. 17 s 63 ; 1999 No. 69 s 7 sch\nom 2009 No. 49 s 84","sortOrder":41},{"sectionNumber":"sec.37","sectionType":"section","heading":"Contributory investments","content":"### sec.37 Contributory investments\n\nWhere a trustee company holds moneys belonging to more than 1 estate, trust property or person upon trusts, which require or permit the investment thereof, the trustee company may invest such moneys as 1 fund, and distribute the income arising therefrom rateably among the several estates, trusts, properties or persons to which the money so invested belongs, and any profit or loss arising from any such investment shall likewise be received or borne rateably by the several estates, trusts, properties or persons.\nAny such investment shall be made either—\nin investments for the time being authorised by the Trusts Act 1973 or any other Act for the investment of trust funds; or\nin investments authorised by each of the trust instruments.\ns 37 amd 1993 No. 38 s 5\n(sec.37-ssec.1) Where a trustee company holds moneys belonging to more than 1 estate, trust property or person upon trusts, which require or permit the investment thereof, the trustee company may invest such moneys as 1 fund, and distribute the income arising therefrom rateably among the several estates, trusts, properties or persons to which the money so invested belongs, and any profit or loss arising from any such investment shall likewise be received or borne rateably by the several estates, trusts, properties or persons.\n(sec.37-ssec.2) Any such investment shall be made either— in investments for the time being authorised by the Trusts Act 1973 or any other Act for the investment of trust funds; or in investments authorised by each of the trust instruments.\n- (a) in investments for the time being authorised by the Trusts Act 1973 or any other Act for the investment of trust funds; or\n- (b) in investments authorised by each of the trust instruments.","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"sec.38","sectionType":"section","heading":"Co-administrator may exercise powers of trustee company","content":"### sec.38 Co-administrator may exercise powers of trustee company\n\nThe powers conferred by this Act upon a trustee company may also be exercised by the trustee company and any person holding the office of executor, trustee or administrator jointly with the trustee company.","sortOrder":43},{"sectionNumber":"sec.39","sectionType":"section","heading":"Certificate by trustee company as to its legal status in any matter","content":"### sec.39 Certificate by trustee company as to its legal status in any matter\n\nWhere a trustee company is executor or administrator or is by law authorised to administer the estate of any deceased person, or where it is acting as trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator or in any other capacity, a certificate by the trustee company under the seal of the trustee company—\nstating, in the case of a deceased person, the name, residence, and occupation of the deceased person at the time of the person’s death, and the date of the person’s death, and certifying that the trustee company has obtained a grant of probate or letters of administration or is otherwise authorised to administer the estate and stating the date when the probate or letters of administration was granted and the reference number thereof or the manner in which and the time at which the trustee company became authorised to administer; and\nin any case where the trustee company is acting as trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator or in any other capacity—certifying that the trustee company is authorised to act as such trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator or in such other capacity, and stating the manner in which and the time at which it became so authorised to act;\nshall, notwithstanding any law or statutory provision to the contrary, be accepted by all courts, officers, and persons, whether acting under any Act or not, as sufficient evidence—\nin the case of a deceased person, of the death of that person, and of the appointment of the trustee company as executor or other administrator, and of its right to administer; and\nin any of the other cases mentioned, of the trustee company’s right to act;\nwithout any other proof whatsoever.\nSuch certificate shall be sufficient for the purpose of bringing any land under the Land Title Act 1994 , or of recording the trustee company as owner or proprietor of land under that Act, or of any shares, stock, or property in any company, corporation (other than a company), body, or association, and if any land is subject to the last mentioned Acts, such certificate may be registered against such land as in the case of probate or letters of administration, and shall have the same force and effect.\nSuch certificate shall be equivalent for registration purposes to the probate, letters of administration with or without the will, election to administer, trust instrument or other order or document of appointment, and without prejudice to the right of the Registrar of Titles to require lodgement of the will, or an office copy thereof issued out of the Court, it shall not be necessary to register the probate, letters of administration with or without the will, election, will, trust instrument or other order or document of appointment.\nA statement of the purport of any trust instrument, order, power of attorney, or other document or authority in any assurance, certificate, or instrument by a trustee company under the seal of the trustee company shall be sufficient evidence thereof, and no one shall be concerned to inquire beyond that statement.\ns 39 amd 1994 No. 11 s 194 sch 2\n(sec.39-ssec.1) Where a trustee company is executor or administrator or is by law authorised to administer the estate of any deceased person, or where it is acting as trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator or in any other capacity, a certificate by the trustee company under the seal of the trustee company— stating, in the case of a deceased person, the name, residence, and occupation of the deceased person at the time of the person’s death, and the date of the person’s death, and certifying that the trustee company has obtained a grant of probate or letters of administration or is otherwise authorised to administer the estate and stating the date when the probate or letters of administration was granted and the reference number thereof or the manner in which and the time at which the trustee company became authorised to administer; and in any case where the trustee company is acting as trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator or in any other capacity—certifying that the trustee company is authorised to act as such trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator or in such other capacity, and stating the manner in which and the time at which it became so authorised to act; shall, notwithstanding any law or statutory provision to the contrary, be accepted by all courts, officers, and persons, whether acting under any Act or not, as sufficient evidence— in the case of a deceased person, of the death of that person, and of the appointment of the trustee company as executor or other administrator, and of its right to administer; and in any of the other cases mentioned, of the trustee company’s right to act; without any other proof whatsoever.\n(sec.39-ssec.2) Such certificate shall be sufficient for the purpose of bringing any land under the Land Title Act 1994 , or of recording the trustee company as owner or proprietor of land under that Act, or of any shares, stock, or property in any company, corporation (other than a company), body, or association, and if any land is subject to the last mentioned Acts, such certificate may be registered against such land as in the case of probate or letters of administration, and shall have the same force and effect.\n(sec.39-ssec.3) Such certificate shall be equivalent for registration purposes to the probate, letters of administration with or without the will, election to administer, trust instrument or other order or document of appointment, and without prejudice to the right of the Registrar of Titles to require lodgement of the will, or an office copy thereof issued out of the Court, it shall not be necessary to register the probate, letters of administration with or without the will, election, will, trust instrument or other order or document of appointment.\n(sec.39-ssec.4) A statement of the purport of any trust instrument, order, power of attorney, or other document or authority in any assurance, certificate, or instrument by a trustee company under the seal of the trustee company shall be sufficient evidence thereof, and no one shall be concerned to inquire beyond that statement.\n- (a) stating, in the case of a deceased person, the name, residence, and occupation of the deceased person at the time of the person’s death, and the date of the person’s death, and certifying that the trustee company has obtained a grant of probate or letters of administration or is otherwise authorised to administer the estate and stating the date when the probate or letters of administration was granted and the reference number thereof or the manner in which and the time at which the trustee company became authorised to administer; and\n- (b) in any case where the trustee company is acting as trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator or in any other capacity—certifying that the trustee company is authorised to act as such trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator or official liquidator or in such other capacity, and stating the manner in which and the time at which it became so authorised to act;\n- (c) in the case of a deceased person, of the death of that person, and of the appointment of the trustee company as executor or other administrator, and of its right to administer; and\n- (d) in any of the other cases mentioned, of the trustee company’s right to act;","sortOrder":44},{"sectionNumber":"sec.40","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application of part 3","content":"### sec.40 Application of part 3\n\nThe powers conferred upon a trustee company under this part may be exercised in relation to an estate, trust or property whether or not the estate, trust or property was constituted or created or was committed to the administration or management of the trustee company before or after the commencement of this Act and whether or not the instrument (if any) governing the estate, trust or property was made before or after the commencement of this Act.","sortOrder":45},{"sectionNumber":"sec.41","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.41\n\ns 41 amd 1975 No. 50 s 3 ; 2000 No. 20 s 29 sch 3\nom 2009 No. 49 s 86","sortOrder":46},{"sectionNumber":"sec.42","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.42\n\ns 42 om 2009 No. 49 s 86","sortOrder":47},{"sectionNumber":"sec.44","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.44\n\ns 44 om 2009 No. 49 s 86","sortOrder":48},{"sectionNumber":"sec.45","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.45\n\ns 45 amd 1975 No. 50 s 4 ; 1984 No. 49 s 3 ; 2000 No. 20 s 29 sch 3 ; 2009 No. 49 s 86\nom 2009 No. 49 s 86","sortOrder":49},{"sectionNumber":"sec.45A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.45A\n\ns 45A ins 2000 No. 20 s 29 sch 3\nom 2009 No. 49 s 86","sortOrder":50},{"sectionNumber":"pt.4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Supervision by Court","content":"# Supervision by Court","sortOrder":51},{"sectionNumber":"sec.46","sectionType":"section","heading":"Court to act upon affidavit of officer of trustee company","content":"### sec.46 Court to act upon affidavit of officer of trustee company\n\nIn all cases in which a trustee company is empowered by this Act—\nto apply for probate of any will or letters of administration, with or without the will annexed, in respect of the estate of any deceased person; or\nto apply for sealing of any probate or letters of administration granted by a court referred to in section 11 or an exemplification, duplicate or copy thereof;\nthe Court in which, or an order of the Court before whom, an application is made may receive and act upon an affidavit by an officer of the trustee company in place of any affidavit required by any Act or rule of court to be made by a person making a similar application.\n- (a) to apply for probate of any will or letters of administration, with or without the will annexed, in respect of the estate of any deceased person; or\n- (b) to apply for sealing of any probate or letters of administration granted by a court referred to in section 11 or an exemplification, duplicate or copy thereof;","sortOrder":52},{"sectionNumber":"sec.47","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application for consent to be by motion","content":"### sec.47 Application for consent to be by motion\n\nEvery application for consent under sections 20 , 23 and 24 shall be by motion.\nNotice of the application shall be advertised once in a daily newspaper published in Brisbane not more than 14 nor less than 7 days before the making of the application, and in case of an executor or administrator of a testator or intestate dying in Queensland, elsewhere than in Brisbane, a like notice shall be also advertised once within the like period in some local newspaper (if any) circulating in the district in which the testator or intestate had his or her usual place of residence immediately prior to his or her decease.\nThe Court may require any person resident in Queensland and entitled to the immediate receipt of any part of the income or corpus of the estate in respect of which the application is made to be served with notice thereof.\nThe costs of the application shall be in the discretion of the Court and may be ordered to be paid out of the estate.\nConsent shall not be given in any case of a will in which the testator has expressed his or her desire that the trusts thereof should not be delegated or that the trustee company should not act therein.\n(sec.47-ssec.1) Every application for consent under sections 20 , 23 and 24 shall be by motion.\n(sec.47-ssec.2) Notice of the application shall be advertised once in a daily newspaper published in Brisbane not more than 14 nor less than 7 days before the making of the application, and in case of an executor or administrator of a testator or intestate dying in Queensland, elsewhere than in Brisbane, a like notice shall be also advertised once within the like period in some local newspaper (if any) circulating in the district in which the testator or intestate had his or her usual place of residence immediately prior to his or her decease.\n(sec.47-ssec.3) The Court may require any person resident in Queensland and entitled to the immediate receipt of any part of the income or corpus of the estate in respect of which the application is made to be served with notice thereof.\n(sec.47-ssec.4) The costs of the application shall be in the discretion of the Court and may be ordered to be paid out of the estate.\n(sec.47-ssec.5) Consent shall not be given in any case of a will in which the testator has expressed his or her desire that the trusts thereof should not be delegated or that the trustee company should not act therein.","sortOrder":53},{"sectionNumber":"sec.48","sectionType":"section","heading":"An officer may attend on behalf of a trustee company, and be personally responsible","content":"### sec.48 An officer may attend on behalf of a trustee company, and be personally responsible\n\nIn all cases in which the personal attendance of an executor, administrator, trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator, or official liquidator is required or permitted in a Court or elsewhere, a trustee company shall be entitled to make the attendance in the person of an officer of the trustee company, and the personal duties of executor, administrator, trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator, or official liquidator may be discharged on behalf of the trustee company by an officer of the company.\nIn every case where—\na trustee company obtains probate or letters of administration with or without the will annexed; or\na trustee company is appointed trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator, or official liquidator;\nthe officers of the trustee company, and the directors of the trustee company are individually and collectively in their own proper persons responsible—\nto the Court; and\nto any trustee, beneficiary, executor, legatee, administrator, next of kin, creditor or infant entitled to or interested in any estate that is for the time being under the administration or management of the trustee company;\nand shall in their own proper persons be liable by process of attachment, commitment for contempt, or by other process to all courts having jurisdiction in that behalf in case of the improper discharge of their duties or disobedience to the rules, orders, and decrees of those courts in the same manner and to the same extent as if each such officer of the trustee company and each director, had personally obtained probate or letters of administration, or been appointed trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator, or official liquidator.\ns 48 amd 1989 No. 77 s 11\n(sec.48-ssec.1) In all cases in which the personal attendance of an executor, administrator, trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator, or official liquidator is required or permitted in a Court or elsewhere, a trustee company shall be entitled to make the attendance in the person of an officer of the trustee company, and the personal duties of executor, administrator, trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator, or official liquidator may be discharged on behalf of the trustee company by an officer of the company.\n(sec.48-ssec.2) In every case where— a trustee company obtains probate or letters of administration with or without the will annexed; or a trustee company is appointed trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator, or official liquidator; the officers of the trustee company, and the directors of the trustee company are individually and collectively in their own proper persons responsible— to the Court; and to any trustee, beneficiary, executor, legatee, administrator, next of kin, creditor or infant entitled to or interested in any estate that is for the time being under the administration or management of the trustee company; and shall in their own proper persons be liable by process of attachment, commitment for contempt, or by other process to all courts having jurisdiction in that behalf in case of the improper discharge of their duties or disobedience to the rules, orders, and decrees of those courts in the same manner and to the same extent as if each such officer of the trustee company and each director, had personally obtained probate or letters of administration, or been appointed trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator, or official liquidator.\n- (a) a trustee company obtains probate or letters of administration with or without the will annexed; or\n- (b) a trustee company is appointed trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator, or official liquidator;\n- (c) to the Court; and\n- (d) to any trustee, beneficiary, executor, legatee, administrator, next of kin, creditor or infant entitled to or interested in any estate that is for the time being under the administration or management of the trustee company;","sortOrder":54},{"sectionNumber":"sec.49","sectionType":"section","heading":"Removal from office","content":"### sec.49 Removal from office\n\nA trustee company that has been appointed executor, administrator, trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator, official liquidator or attorney, whether before or after the commencement of this Act, shall be subject in all respects to the same control and to removal or restraint from acting and generally to the jurisdiction of the courts, in the same manner as any other executor, administrator, trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator, official liquidator or attorney is subject.\nAll persons who may claim relief against a trustee company for any act done or assumed to be done, or in respect of any act omitted to be done, by the trustee company, its directors or officers, under any of the powers conferred by this Act, may proceed in the Court or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, either by action or other ordinary proceeding of the court, or in a summary way by motion against the trustee company, or against any of the directors or officers of the trustee company, and the court in which the proceeding is brought may make and enforce such order in the matter as to the court seems just.\n(sec.49-ssec.1) A trustee company that has been appointed executor, administrator, trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator, official liquidator or attorney, whether before or after the commencement of this Act, shall be subject in all respects to the same control and to removal or restraint from acting and generally to the jurisdiction of the courts, in the same manner as any other executor, administrator, trustee, receiver, committee, guardian, liquidator, official liquidator or attorney is subject.\n(sec.49-ssec.2) All persons who may claim relief against a trustee company for any act done or assumed to be done, or in respect of any act omitted to be done, by the trustee company, its directors or officers, under any of the powers conferred by this Act, may proceed in the Court or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, either by action or other ordinary proceeding of the court, or in a summary way by motion against the trustee company, or against any of the directors or officers of the trustee company, and the court in which the proceeding is brought may make and enforce such order in the matter as to the court seems just.","sortOrder":55},{"sectionNumber":"sec.50","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.50\n\ns 50 amd 1989 No. 77 s 12 ; 1993 No. 38 s 6 ; 2001 No. 45 s 29 sch 3\nom 2009 No. 49 s 87","sortOrder":56},{"sectionNumber":"sec.51","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.51\n\ns 51 amd 1989 No. 77 s 12A\nom 2009 No. 49 s 87","sortOrder":57},{"sectionNumber":"sec.52","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.52\n\ns 52 om 2009 No. 49 s 87","sortOrder":58},{"sectionNumber":"sec.53","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.53\n\ns 53 om 2009 No. 49 s 87","sortOrder":59},{"sectionNumber":"sec.54","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.54\n\ns 54 amd 1989 No. 77 s 13\nom 2009 No. 49 s 88","sortOrder":60},{"sectionNumber":"sec.55","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.55\n\ns 55 om 2009 No. 49 s 88","sortOrder":61},{"sectionNumber":"sec.56","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.56\n\ns 56 amd 1989 No. 77 s 14 ; 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1\nom 2009 No. 49 s 88","sortOrder":62},{"sectionNumber":"sec.57","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.57\n\ns 57 amd 1989 No. 77 s 15\nom 2009 No. 49 s 88","sortOrder":63},{"sectionNumber":"sec.58","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.58\n\ns 58 amd 1989 No. 77 s 16\nom 2009 No. 49 s 88","sortOrder":64},{"sectionNumber":"sec.59","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.59\n\ns 59 amd 1989 No. 77 s 17\nom 2009 No. 49 s 88","sortOrder":65},{"sectionNumber":"sec.60","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.60\n\ns 60 om 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":66},{"sectionNumber":"sec.61","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.61\n\ns 61 om 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":67},{"sectionNumber":"sec.63","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.63\n\ns 63 amd 1981 No. 111 s 23 sch ; 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1 ; 2001 No. 45 s 29 sch 3\nom 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":68},{"sectionNumber":"sec.64","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.64\n\ns 64 amd 1989 No. 77 s 18\nom 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":69},{"sectionNumber":"sec.64A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.64A\n\ns 64A ins 1989 No. 77 s 19\namd 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1 ; 1997 No. 17 s 64\nom 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":70},{"sectionNumber":"sec.65","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.65\n\ns 65 amd 1989 No. 77 s 20 ; 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1\nom 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":71},{"sectionNumber":"sec.66","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.66\n\ns 66 amd 1989 No. 77 s 21 ; 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1\nom 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":72},{"sectionNumber":"sec.66A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.66A\n\ns 66A ins 1989 No. 77 s 22\namd 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1 ; 2001 No. 45 s 29 sch 3\nom 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":73},{"sectionNumber":"sec.66B","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.66B\n\ns 66B ins 1989 No. 77 s 22\nsub 2004 No. 43 s 118\nom 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":74},{"sectionNumber":"sec.66C","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.66C\n\ns 66C ins 1989 No. 77 s 22\namd 1997 No. 17 s 65\nom 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":75},{"sectionNumber":"sec.66D","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.66D\n\ns 66D ins 1989 No. 77 s 22\nom 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":76},{"sectionNumber":"sec.66E","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.66E\n\ns 66E ins 1989 No. 77 s 22\namd 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1\nom 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":77},{"sectionNumber":"sec.66F","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.66F\n\ns 66F ins 1989 No. 77 s 22\nom 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":78},{"sectionNumber":"sec.66G","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.66G\n\ns 66G ins 1989 No. 77 s 22\namd 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1\nom 2009 No. 49 s 90","sortOrder":79},{"sectionNumber":"pt.5","sectionType":"part","heading":"Miscellaneous","content":"# Miscellaneous","sortOrder":80},{"sectionNumber":"sec.67","sectionType":"section","heading":"Penalty provisions","content":"### sec.67 Penalty provisions\n\nA person who contravenes or fails to comply with a provision of this Act commits an offence against this Act and, in the absence of another penalty expressly provided for in this Act, is liable to a penalty of 10 penalty units.\nProceedings with respect to an offence against this Act shall be taken in a summary manner under the Justices Act 1886 .\ns 67 sub 1989 No. 77 s 23\n(sec.67-ssec.1) A person who contravenes or fails to comply with a provision of this Act commits an offence against this Act and, in the absence of another penalty expressly provided for in this Act, is liable to a penalty of 10 penalty units.\n(sec.67-ssec.2) Proceedings with respect to an offence against this Act shall be taken in a summary manner under the Justices Act 1886 .","sortOrder":81},{"sectionNumber":"sec.68","sectionType":"section","heading":"Settlors or testators may appoint own solicitors","content":"### sec.68 Settlors or testators may appoint own solicitors\n\nWhere by any settlement or will (whether made before or after the commencement of this Act), a settlor or testator directs that any practising solicitor shall conduct the legal business of his or her estate, that solicitor is entitled to act therein accordingly, but in such case a trustee company concerned shall not be liable for any loss occasioned by the negligence, misfeasance, nonfeasance or misconduct of the solicitor unless such loss could have been prevented or avoided by the exercise of due care on the part of the trustee company.\nA solicitor entitled to conduct the legal business of an estate under subsection (1) may be removed by the Court or a Judge upon the application of the trustee company or of any person interested in that estate upon cause shown, and the Court or Judge may appoint a solicitor nominated by the trustee company to conduct such legal business in the first solicitor’s place.\n(sec.68-ssec.1) Where by any settlement or will (whether made before or after the commencement of this Act), a settlor or testator directs that any practising solicitor shall conduct the legal business of his or her estate, that solicitor is entitled to act therein accordingly, but in such case a trustee company concerned shall not be liable for any loss occasioned by the negligence, misfeasance, nonfeasance or misconduct of the solicitor unless such loss could have been prevented or avoided by the exercise of due care on the part of the trustee company.\n(sec.68-ssec.2) A solicitor entitled to conduct the legal business of an estate under subsection (1) may be removed by the Court or a Judge upon the application of the trustee company or of any person interested in that estate upon cause shown, and the Court or Judge may appoint a solicitor nominated by the trustee company to conduct such legal business in the first solicitor’s place.","sortOrder":82},{"sectionNumber":"sec.68A","sectionType":"section","heading":"When legatee to bear commission on legacy","content":"### sec.68A When legatee to bear commission on legacy\n\nSubject to subsection (2) unless a testator by will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, directs that the testator’s testamentary expenses (which shall be deemed to include the commission payable to a trustee company under this Act) be paid out of the testator’s estate, the commission payable to a trustee company under this Act on all devises and legacies, whether specific, demonstrative, or pecuniary, is payable by the devisee or legatee entitled, as the case may be.\nWhere a testator by will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, directs that any devise or legacy be free of duty, such commission is payable out of that portion of the estate of the testator out of which the duty is, pursuant to the direction, payable if that portion is sufficient to enable the payment in full of the commission as well as the duty.\ns 68A (prev s 43) renum and reloc 2009 No. 49 s 85\n(sec.68A-ssec.1) Subject to subsection (2) unless a testator by will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, directs that the testator’s testamentary expenses (which shall be deemed to include the commission payable to a trustee company under this Act) be paid out of the testator’s estate, the commission payable to a trustee company under this Act on all devises and legacies, whether specific, demonstrative, or pecuniary, is payable by the devisee or legatee entitled, as the case may be.\n(sec.68A-ssec.2) Where a testator by will, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, directs that any devise or legacy be free of duty, such commission is payable out of that portion of the estate of the testator out of which the duty is, pursuant to the direction, payable if that portion is sufficient to enable the payment in full of the commission as well as the duty.","sortOrder":83},{"sectionNumber":"sec.68B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Appointment of attorney by trustee company","content":"### sec.68B Appointment of attorney by trustee company\n\nAny trustee company that on its incorporation was incorporated in a State (other than Queensland) or a Territory of the Commonwealth may, by instrument in writing under its common seal, empower any person, either generally or in respect of specified matters, as its attorney to execute deeds, bonds and other documents on its behalf in Queensland, and every deed, bond or other document signed by such attorney on behalf of the trustee company and under the person’s seal shall be binding on the trustee company, and have the same effect as if it were under the common seal of the trustee company.\ns 68B (prev s 62) amd 2001 No. 45 s 29 sch 3\nrenum and reloc 2009 No. 49 s 89","sortOrder":84},{"sectionNumber":"sec.68C","sectionType":"section","heading":"Transfer determinations","content":"### sec.68C Transfer determinations\n\nThis section applies if—\nASIC makes a determination under the Corporations Act , section 601WBA that there is to be a transfer of estate assets and liabilities from a trustee company (the transferring company ) to another trustee company (the receiving company ); and\nASIC issues a certificate of transfer under the Corporations Act , section 601WBG for the transfer; and\neither the transferring company or the receiving company is registered in Queensland.\nWhen the certificate of transfer comes into force, the receiving company becomes the successor in law of the transferring company in relation to estate assets and liabilities of the transferring company, to the extent of the transfer.\nUnder the Corporations Act , section 601WBG (2) (d) , the certificate of transfer is required to state when the certificate comes into force.\nWithout limiting subsection (2) —\nif the transfer is a total transfer—all the estate assets and liabilities of the transferring company, wherever those assets and liabilities are located, become assets and liabilities of the receiving company (in the same capacity as they were assets and liabilities of the transferring company) without any transfer, conveyance or assignment; and\nif the transfer is a partial transfer—all the estate assets and liabilities included in the list mentioned in the Corporations Act , section 601WBG (2) (c) , wherever those assets and liabilities are located, become assets and liabilities of the receiving company (in the same capacity as they were assets and liabilities of the transferring company) without any transfer, conveyance or assignment; and\nto the extent of the transfer, the duties, obligations, immunities, rights and privileges applying to the transferring company apply to the receiving company.\nIf the certificate includes provisions of a kind mentioned in the Corporations Act , section 601WBG (3) —\nif the provisions state that particular things are to happen or are taken to be the case—those things are, by force of this section, taken to happen, or to be the case, in accordance with those provisions; and\nif the provisions state a mechanism for determining things that are to happen or are taken to be the case—things determined in accordance with the mechanism are, by force of this section, taken to happen, or to be the case, as determined in accordance with that mechanism.\nThe registrar of titles or other person required or authorised by law to register or record transactions affecting assets or liabilities—\nmay, without formal application, register or record in the appropriate way the transfer of an asset or liability under the certificate to the receiving company; and\nmust, on written application by the receiving company, register or record in the appropriate way the transfer of an asset or liability under the certificate to the receiving company.\nA transaction related to an asset or liability transferred to a receiving company entered into by the receiving company in the transferring company’s name or the name of a predecessor in title to the transferring company, if effected by an instrument otherwise in registrable form, must be registered even though the receiving company has not been registered as proprietor of the asset or liability.\nIf an asset or liability is registered in the name of a receiving company, the registrar of titles or other registering authority may register a dealing for a transaction about the asset or liability without being concerned to enquire whether it is, or is not, an asset or liability transferred under a certificate.\nFor the purposes of this section, the public trustee is taken to be a trustee company.\ns 68C ins 2009 No. 49 s 92\namd 2012 No. 37 s 48\n(sec.68C-ssec.1) This section applies if— ASIC makes a determination under the Corporations Act , section 601WBA that there is to be a transfer of estate assets and liabilities from a trustee company (the transferring company ) to another trustee company (the receiving company ); and ASIC issues a certificate of transfer under the Corporations Act , section 601WBG for the transfer; and either the transferring company or the receiving company is registered in Queensland.\n(sec.68C-ssec.2) When the certificate of transfer comes into force, the receiving company becomes the successor in law of the transferring company in relation to estate assets and liabilities of the transferring company, to the extent of the transfer. Under the Corporations Act , section 601WBG (2) (d) , the certificate of transfer is required to state when the certificate comes into force.\n(sec.68C-ssec.3) Without limiting subsection (2) — if the transfer is a total transfer—all the estate assets and liabilities of the transferring company, wherever those assets and liabilities are located, become assets and liabilities of the receiving company (in the same capacity as they were assets and liabilities of the transferring company) without any transfer, conveyance or assignment; and if the transfer is a partial transfer—all the estate assets and liabilities included in the list mentioned in the Corporations Act , section 601WBG (2) (c) , wherever those assets and liabilities are located, become assets and liabilities of the receiving company (in the same capacity as they were assets and liabilities of the transferring company) without any transfer, conveyance or assignment; and to the extent of the transfer, the duties, obligations, immunities, rights and privileges applying to the transferring company apply to the receiving company.\n(sec.68C-ssec.4) If the certificate includes provisions of a kind mentioned in the Corporations Act , section 601WBG (3) — if the provisions state that particular things are to happen or are taken to be the case—those things are, by force of this section, taken to happen, or to be the case, in accordance with those provisions; and if the provisions state a mechanism for determining things that are to happen or are taken to be the case—things determined in accordance with the mechanism are, by force of this section, taken to happen, or to be the case, as determined in accordance with that mechanism.\n(sec.68C-ssec.5) The registrar of titles or other person required or authorised by law to register or record transactions affecting assets or liabilities— may, without formal application, register or record in the appropriate way the transfer of an asset or liability under the certificate to the receiving company; and must, on written application by the receiving company, register or record in the appropriate way the transfer of an asset or liability under the certificate to the receiving company.\n(sec.68C-ssec.6) A transaction related to an asset or liability transferred to a receiving company entered into by the receiving company in the transferring company’s name or the name of a predecessor in title to the transferring company, if effected by an instrument otherwise in registrable form, must be registered even though the receiving company has not been registered as proprietor of the asset or liability.\n(sec.68C-ssec.7) If an asset or liability is registered in the name of a receiving company, the registrar of titles or other registering authority may register a dealing for a transaction about the asset or liability without being concerned to enquire whether it is, or is not, an asset or liability transferred under a certificate.\n(sec.68C-ssec.8) For the purposes of this section, the public trustee is taken to be a trustee company.\n- (a) ASIC makes a determination under the Corporations Act , section 601WBA that there is to be a transfer of estate assets and liabilities from a trustee company (the transferring company ) to another trustee company (the receiving company ); and\n- (b) ASIC issues a certificate of transfer under the Corporations Act , section 601WBG for the transfer; and\n- (c) either the transferring company or the receiving company is registered in Queensland.\n- (a) if the transfer is a total transfer—all the estate assets and liabilities of the transferring company, wherever those assets and liabilities are located, become assets and liabilities of the receiving company (in the same capacity as they were assets and liabilities of the transferring company) without any transfer, conveyance or assignment; and\n- (b) if the transfer is a partial transfer—all the estate assets and liabilities included in the list mentioned in the Corporations Act , section 601WBG (2) (c) , wherever those assets and liabilities are located, become assets and liabilities of the receiving company (in the same capacity as they were assets and liabilities of the transferring company) without any transfer, conveyance or assignment; and\n- (c) to the extent of the transfer, the duties, obligations, immunities, rights and privileges applying to the transferring company apply to the receiving company.\n- (a) if the provisions state that particular things are to happen or are taken to be the case—those things are, by force of this section, taken to happen, or to be the case, in accordance with those provisions; and\n- (b) if the provisions state a mechanism for determining things that are to happen or are taken to be the case—things determined in accordance with the mechanism are, by force of this section, taken to happen, or to be the case, as determined in accordance with that mechanism.\n- (a) may, without formal application, register or record in the appropriate way the transfer of an asset or liability under the certificate to the receiving company; and\n- (b) must, on written application by the receiving company, register or record in the appropriate way the transfer of an asset or liability under the certificate to the receiving company.","sortOrder":85},{"sectionNumber":"sec.69","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.69\n\ns 69 om 2009 No. 49 s 93","sortOrder":86},{"sectionNumber":"sec.70","sectionType":"section","heading":"Evidence of failure to give notice to a trustee company","content":"### sec.70 Evidence of failure to give notice to a trustee company\n\nWhenever it is necessary to prove that any notice has not been given or that any disclosure or discovery has not been made to a trustee company, proof that no such notice has been given or that no such disclosure or discovery has been made to the manager for the time being of the trustee company shall be prima facie evidence that no such notice has been given or that no such disclosure or discovery has been made to the trustee company.","sortOrder":87},{"sectionNumber":"sec.71","sectionType":"section","heading":"Delegations","content":"### sec.71 Delegations\n\nThe registrar may delegate the registrar’s powers under this Act to an officer or employee of the department.\ns 71 sub 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1","sortOrder":88},{"sectionNumber":"sec.72","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.72\n\ns 72 sub 1989 No. 77 s 24\namd 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1\nom 1993 No. 38 s 7","sortOrder":89},{"sectionNumber":"sec.73","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.73\n\ns 73 ins 1989 No. 77 s 24\namd 1992 No. 40 s 163 sch 1\nom 2009 No. 49 s 94","sortOrder":90},{"sectionNumber":"sec.73A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regulation-making power","content":"### sec.73A Regulation-making power\n\nThe Governor in Council may make regulations under this Act.\ns 73A ins 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1","sortOrder":91},{"sectionNumber":"pt.6","sectionType":"part","heading":"Transitional provisions for Fair Work (Commonwealth Powers) and Other Provisions Act 2009","content":"# Transitional provisions for Fair Work (Commonwealth Powers) and Other Provisions Act 2009","sortOrder":92},{"sectionNumber":"sec.74","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions for pt 6","content":"### sec.74 Definitions for pt 6\n\nIn this part—\namendment Act means the Fair Work (Commonwealth Powers) and Other Provisions Act 2009 .\ncommencement means the commencement of this section.\nrepealed , followed by a provision number, means that provision as it existed before its repeal by the amendment Act.\ntrustee company means a trustee company under section 4 as in force immediately before the commencement.\ns 74 prev s 74 ins 1989 No. 77 s 24\nom 1993 No. 38 s 8\npres s 74 ins 2009 No. 49 s 96","sortOrder":93},{"sectionNumber":"sec.75","sectionType":"section","heading":"Court may review rate of commission","content":"### sec.75 Court may review rate of commission\n\nThis section applies if a person made an application to the Court or a Judge to review the rate of commission, as mentioned in repealed section 41(4), before the commencement.\nRepealed section 41 continues to apply, despite its repeal, in relation to the application.\ns 75 ins 2009 No. 49 s 96\n(sec.75-ssec.1) This section applies if a person made an application to the Court or a Judge to review the rate of commission, as mentioned in repealed section 41(4), before the commencement.\n(sec.75-ssec.2) Repealed section 41 continues to apply, despite its repeal, in relation to the application.","sortOrder":94},{"sectionNumber":"sec.76","sectionType":"section","heading":"Court may review fee","content":"### sec.76 Court may review fee\n\nThis section applies if a person made an application to the Court or a Judge to review a fee, as mentioned in repealed section 45(1), before the commencement.\nRepealed section 45 continues to apply, despite its repeal, in relation to the application.\ns 76 ins 2009 No. 49 s 96\n(sec.76-ssec.1) This section applies if a person made an application to the Court or a Judge to review a fee, as mentioned in repealed section 45(1), before the commencement.\n(sec.76-ssec.2) Repealed section 45 continues to apply, despite its repeal, in relation to the application.","sortOrder":95},{"sectionNumber":"sec.77","sectionType":"section","heading":"Filing and passing accounts","content":"### sec.77 Filing and passing accounts\n\nThis section applies to an account filed in the office of the Registrar of the Supreme Court, as mentioned in repealed section 50(3), before the commencement.\nRepealed section 50(3) continues to apply, despite its repeal, in relation to the account.\ns 77 ins 2009 No. 49 s 96\n(sec.77-ssec.1) This section applies to an account filed in the office of the Registrar of the Supreme Court, as mentioned in repealed section 50(3), before the commencement.\n(sec.77-ssec.2) Repealed section 50(3) continues to apply, despite its repeal, in relation to the account.","sortOrder":96},{"sectionNumber":"sec.78","sectionType":"section","heading":"Court may order account","content":"### sec.78 Court may order account\n\nThis section applies if a person made an application to an officer of a trustee company for an account of the property and assets of an estate, as mentioned in repealed section 51(1), before the commencement.\nRepealed sections 51 and 52 continue to apply, despite their repeal, in relation to the application.\ns 78 ins 2009 No. 49 s 96\n(sec.78-ssec.1) This section applies if a person made an application to an officer of a trustee company for an account of the property and assets of an estate, as mentioned in repealed section 51(1), before the commencement.\n(sec.78-ssec.2) Repealed sections 51 and 52 continue to apply, despite their repeal, in relation to the application.","sortOrder":97},{"sectionNumber":"sec.79","sectionType":"section","heading":"Investment of capital in name of Treasurer","content":"### sec.79 Investment of capital in name of Treasurer\n\nThis section applies if a trustee company was required to invest part of its paid-up capital in the name of the Treasurer of the State of Queensland in trust for the trustee company, as mentioned in repealed section 56(1), before the commencement.\nThe securities and investments mentioned in the section in existence at the time of the repeal are to be transferred by the Treasurer as soon as practicable after the repeal to the trustee company or another person nominated by the trustee company.\nThe timing of the transfer may be affected by the nature, and the terms and conditions, of the security or investment.\nRepealed section 56(3) continues to apply, despite its repeal, in relation to interest and income mentioned in the subsection, whether the interest and income is held by the Treasurer at the time of the repeal or received afterwards.\ns 79 ins 2009 No. 49 s 96\n(sec.79-ssec.1) This section applies if a trustee company was required to invest part of its paid-up capital in the name of the Treasurer of the State of Queensland in trust for the trustee company, as mentioned in repealed section 56(1), before the commencement.\n(sec.79-ssec.2) The securities and investments mentioned in the section in existence at the time of the repeal are to be transferred by the Treasurer as soon as practicable after the repeal to the trustee company or another person nominated by the trustee company. The timing of the transfer may be affected by the nature, and the terms and conditions, of the security or investment.\n(sec.79-ssec.3) Repealed section 56(3) continues to apply, despite its repeal, in relation to interest and income mentioned in the subsection, whether the interest and income is held by the Treasurer at the time of the repeal or received afterwards.","sortOrder":98},{"sectionNumber":"sec.80","sectionType":"section","heading":"Offences","content":"### sec.80 Offences\n\nThis section applies if a person is alleged to have committed an offence against the Trustee Companies Act 1968 before the commencement.\nProceedings for the offence may be started or continued, and the court may hear and decide the proceedings, as if the Fair Work (Commonwealth Powers) and Other Provisions Act 2009 had not commenced.\nThis section applies despite the Criminal Code, section 11.\ns 80 ins 2009 No. 49 s 96\n(sec.80-ssec.1) This section applies if a person is alleged to have committed an offence against the Trustee Companies Act 1968 before the commencement.\n(sec.80-ssec.2) Proceedings for the offence may be started or continued, and the court may hear and decide the proceedings, as if the Fair Work (Commonwealth Powers) and Other Provisions Act 2009 had not commenced.\n(sec.80-ssec.3) This section applies despite the Criminal Code, section 11.","sortOrder":99},{"sectionNumber":"sec.81","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.81\n\ns 81 ins 2009 No 49 s 96\nexp 7 May 2012 (see s 81(5))","sortOrder":100},{"sectionNumber":"pt.7","sectionType":"part","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":101}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act as presented has been amended over time and its scope has expanded in identifiable ways. For example, the statutory rule that powers conferred on trustee companies are additional to other powers is set out (sec 4AA), small‑estate election and solicitor‑certification machinery and related notice obligations were added and refined (secs 12–14, 16), and a modern mechanism aligning estate‑asset transfers with Commonwealth processes was inserted so that an ASIC certificate can effect transfers of estate assets and liabilities between trustee companies and require registrar recording without separate conveyance (sec 68C). Those insertions alter how estate assets may move between corporate trustees and reduce formal conveyancing steps, changing the operational scope of trustee companies compared with the original Act."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive cross-references to courts, registrars and other Acts (Corporations Act, Trusts Act, Land Title Act) increasing interpretive complexity (e.g. secs 4AA, 21, 68C, 39).","Multiple election pathways with valuation thresholds, solicitor certification and reversal procedures (secs 12, 13, 16, 14).","Large discretionary envelope for trustee companies (broad management, borrowing, appropriation powers) combined with multiple exceptions and consent thresholds (sec 28, sec 31).","Procedural safeguards and time limits (advertisements, 1-month challenge for appropriations, 6-month creditor window, 3-year claimant window) create time-critical steps across sections (secs 28(3), 32, 33, 34).","Interplay of statutory evidentiary shortcuts (trustee company certificates accepted for registration) with personal liability of officers and directors for misconduct (secs 39, 48).","Integration with Commonwealth regulatory mechanisms (ASIC transfer certificates) that change property-transfer mechanics (sec 68C).","Amendments, renumbering and transitional provisions present (part 6), requiring attention to historical and current text (pt 6)."],"plain_english_summary":"What this law does (mechanics)\n\n- Gives licensed trustee companies explicit statutory powers to act as executors, administrators and trustees for estates and to apply for probate or letters of administration (secs 5, 6, 7, 9, 10).  It also lets private individuals join with, authorise, or appoint trustee companies in such applications, and lets courts grant joint or sole administration in accordance with those applications (secs 6–9, 20, 23, 24).\n\n- Lets trustee companies elect to administer small Queensland estates without first obtaining a court grant where the company estimates the Queensland property value is below a prescribed threshold, subject to solicitor certification and public notice requirements (secs 12, 13, 14, 16).  If the value later exceeds a higher cap the company must then obtain a formal grant (secs 12(7), 13(4)).\n\n- Confers a broad set of estate-management powers on trustee companies: sell or buy land, subdivide, lease (including leases up to 21 years), grant and accept mortgages or charges, borrow (subject to limits/consents), insure, repair, exchange, appropriate part of an estate for legacies, employ advisers and remunerate them, and postpone conversion of assets (sec 28).  There are procedural safeguards for certain acts (for example, appropriation requires notice and a one-month challenge period; borrowing or major expenditure above $50,000 generally requires Court or beneficiary consent) (sec 28(3), (g), (h), (i), (q)).\n\n- Permits trustee companies to pool and invest moneys belonging to multiple estates as a single fund and to share income, profits and losses rateably, subject to statutory or instrument limits on allowable investments (sec 37).\n\n- Provides simplified evidentiary and registration routes: a trustee company certificate under its seal is accepted by courts, registrars and others as sufficient evidence of the company’s right to act, and it may be used for land and title registration instead of lodging probate or other court documents (sec 39).  It also allows resealing of overseas British grants and appointments by Registrar action (sec 11).\n\n- Creates procedures for disputed claims and distribution timing: trustee companies can notify creditors who are refused recognition of claims and, if no proceeding is started within six months, distribute assets without regard to that claim (sec 32).  Trustee companies may advertise and, with judicial direction, distribute estates where an apparent potential beneficiary has not claimed within three years (sec 33).  For small payments (up to $200) trustee companies may pay alleged legatees or parties in distribution without formal legal proof after six months of creditor notice (sec 34).\n\n- Establishes accountability and supervision: many appointments and transfers require Court consent or sanction (secs 20, 23, 24, 29, 31, 47).  Officers and directors of trustee companies are personally responsible to courts and interested persons for improper conduct and can be subject to attachment, contempt or other process as if they had personally held the office (sec 48).  Trustee companies are otherwise subject to the same removal and court control as any other executor or trustee (sec 49).\n\n- Sets administrative and compliance rules: elections and certain applications must be advertised in gazettes or newspapers (secs 12(8), 13(5), 47).  Elections to administer require a solicitor’s certificate that a Court would grant probate or administration (secs 12(5), 13(3)).  An election filed in error can be revoked by a company memorandum (sec 16).  The registrar may delegate powers under the Act (sec 71) and regulations may be made (sec 73A).\n\n- Addresses fees, commissions, and transfers: commission payable to trustee companies is generally payable by the devisee or legatee unless the will directs estate payment (sec 68A).  The Act implements a mechanism so that where ASIC certifies a transfer of estate assets/liabilities between trustee companies the receiving company becomes successor in law and registries are required or allowed to record transfers without formal conveyance (sec 68C).  Penalties for contravening the Act are set at 10 penalty units unless another penalty is specified (sec 67).\n\nWho it affects (who pays, who decides, who bears risk)\n\n- Who pays: beneficiaries or devisees typically bear trustee commission unless the will directs otherwise (sec 68A).  Estates can bear costs of Court applications and advertising (sec 47(4)).  Trustee companies can employ and pay advisers or solicitors (sec 28(1)(g)); where a testator has named a solicitor, the trustee company is not liable for that solicitor’s negligence unless loss could have been prevented by the trustee company exercising due care (sec 68).\n\n- Who decides and where discretion sits: trustee companies have broad discretionary management powers (sec 28, sec 31 re infants).  Some significant actions require Court or beneficiary consent (for example major borrowing or capital expenditure above $50,000) (sec 28(g)–(i)).  Courts and registrars retain supervisory and evidentiary roles (secs 11, 39, 46, 47).  The registrar may delegate functions (sec 71).\n\n- Who bears risk: trustee companies assume fiduciary duties and statutory liability and their officers and directors can be held personally responsible for failures or breaches (sec 48, 49).  Where trustees hand over legal work to a nominated solicitor, the company’s exposure for that solicitor’s malpractice is limited unless loss was avoidable by trustee care (sec 68(1)).\n\nIncentives, trade-offs and likely behavioural effects (concrete mechanisms)\n\n- Incentive to centralise and professionalise estate administration: the Act removes formal barriers that might prevent licensed trustee companies from taking appointments (secs 5–9, 21).  That creates an incentive for estates or executors to use professional trustee companies in place of private individuals (secs 20, 23, 24).\n\n- Cost and compliance trade-offs for families and small estates: the Act offers a lower‑friction route for trustee companies to administer small Queensland estates without a grant (secs 12–13).  That reduces formal court costs and timing but requires solicitor certification and public notice, and carries the risk that an incorrect valuation will force later formalisation (secs 12(5), 12(7), 16).  Beneficiaries may pay commission (sec 68A).\n\n- Operational trade-offs for trustee companies: they gain wide powers to borrow, sell, develop and appropriate assets (sec 28) which can improve estate value or liquidity but also place on the trustee company duties to consult beneficiaries or seek Court consent for larger moves (sec 28(g)–(i), 28(3)).  The one‑month notice window for appropriation (sec 28(3)) concentrates potential disputes into a short challenge period.\n\n- Effects on private enterprise, ownership and registration: trustee companies can act as liquidators and guardians and may be appointed notwithstanding constitutions or articles in many cases (sec 21(8)).  The ASIC transfer certificate mechanism (sec 68C) allows estate assets and liabilities to move between licensed trustee companies without separate conveyancing, and registries are permitted or obliged to register transfers without formal application (sec 68C(3)–(6)).  That reduces transactional friction when trustee companies restructure or merge, and changes how ownership of estate assets is recorded.\n\nCompliance burden and implementation risk\n\n- Trustee companies must produce solicitor certificates before filing elections to administer small estates (secs 12(5), 13(3)), run specified advertisements (secs 12(8), 13(5), 33(2)), and notify the state revenue commissioner of elections (sec 14).  These steps create administrative and professional costs.\n\n- Elections made on underestimated valuations expose trustee companies to a later requirement to obtain formal grants of administration (secs 12(7), 13(4)).  Elections filed in error must be revoked by a sealed memorandum, which simply restores the pre‑election position (sec 16) but adds administrative burden and potential delay.\n\nBureaucratic discretion and safeguards\n\n- Courts retain review and supervisory powers for many matters (consent to appointment, sanction to carry on business of an intestate during infancy, applications under appropriation rules, removal/discipline) (secs 20, 23, 29, 31, 47, 49).  Registrar powers and the acceptance of trustee certificates (secs 11, 39, 71) reduce some procedural friction but depend on officials and registrars exercising their statutory functions.\n\nNet effect on private choice and contract freedom (statutory limits)\n\n- Parties can continue to exclude trustee companies by explicit instrument terms: the Act preserves the effect of instruments that forbid appointment of a trustee company or prohibit delegation by a named executor (secs 20(3), 21(4)–(5), 18, 19).  Where an instrument does not prohibit such appointment, the Act makes appointment or substitution of trustee companies an available option.\n\nPrimary statutory citations: secs 5–7, 9–13, 14, 16–21, 23–25, 28–39, 47–49, 67–68A, 68B, 68C."},"summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act began as a comprehensive Queensland-specific licensing and regulatory framework for trustee companies, but has been progressively narrowed. Following 2009 amendments, the licensing and registration of trustee companies was handed to the federal Corporations Act regime. The Queensland Act now primarily deals with the procedural powers and duties of already-licensed trustee companies (estate administration, trust management, court applications), rather than regulating who can operate as a trustee company. Many definitions and provisions related to corporate regulation were deleted. The scope shifted from 'who can be a trustee company and how they are regulated' to 'what powers and procedures apply to licensed trustee companies operating in Queensland'."},"complexity_factors":["Highly specialised legal domain (probate, trusts, estate administration) with extensive use of legal Latin and technical terms (e.g. 'letters of administration de bonis non', 'sui juris', 'intestate', 'administration with the will annexed')","Multiple overlapping procedural pathways for obtaining grants of administration, each with different eligibility requirements and conditions","Extensive cross-referencing between sections and to external legislation (Corporations Act, Land Title Act 1994, Taxation Administration Act 2001)","Heavy amendment history with numerous definitions inserted and deleted across decades, creating a fragmented definitional landscape","Interplay between state legislation and federal Corporations Act licensing regime for trustee companies","Different monetary thresholds triggering different obligations ($50,000, $100,000, $120,000) with various consent requirements depending on which threshold is crossed","Multiple categories of persons with different rights and standing (beneficiaries, executors, administrators, trustees, co-trustees, infants, persons out of jurisdiction)","Provisions covering both historical and prospective situations (wills made before or after commencement) adding temporal complexity"],"plain_english_summary":"## Queensland Trustee Companies Act 1968 — What It Does and Who It Affects\n\n### What is this law about?\nThis Queensland law sets out the rules for **licensed trustee companies** (professional companies that manage deceased estates and hold assets on behalf of others). Think of a trustee company as a professional substitute for a family member or friend who would otherwise manage a deceased person's affairs.\n\n### Who does it affect?\n- **People who have died** (their estates are managed under this law)\n- **Beneficiaries** (people who inherit money or property from a deceased person)\n- **Executors and administrators** (people named in wills or appointed by courts to manage estates)\n- **Infants/children** who inherit money or property\n- **Anyone who wants a professional company to manage a trust, guardianship, or receivership** on their behalf\n\n### What does the law actually allow?\n\n**1. Managing deceased estates (wills and intestacy)**\nTrustee companies can:\n- Act as executor (the person who carries out the instructions in a will) when named in a will\n- Step in and manage an estate when someone dies *without* a will (called dying \"intestate\")\n- Take over from a human executor or administrator who wants to hand over the role\n- Administer **small estates** (under $100,000 in Queensland property) without going through the full court process — just by filing a written \"election\" (a formal declaration of intent)\n\n**2. Broad management powers**\nOnce managing an estate, a trustee company can:\n- Sell, lease, mortgage, subdivide, repair, and insure property\n- Invest in shares and other financial products\n- Borrow money (up to $50,000 without needing court or beneficiary approval)\n- Run a deceased person's business if minor children are among the beneficiaries\n- Handle money held for children (infants) under the trust\n\n**3. Filling other professional roles**\nTrustee companies can also be appointed as:\n- **Trustees** (managing assets for another person's benefit)\n- **Guardians** (managing affairs for someone who cannot manage themselves)\n- **Receivers** (managing assets during legal disputes)\n- **Liquidators** (winding up failed companies)\n- **Attorneys** (acting under a power of attorney on someone's behalf)\n\n**4. Fees**\nTrustee companies charge fees for their services. The law caps these fees and requires accounts to be prepared and available for inspection.\n\n**5. Court oversight**\nMany significant decisions — like borrowing large sums, selling property privately, or making major capital expenditures — require either **court approval** or the **consent of the beneficiaries**, providing a check on trustee company powers.\n\n### Key protections for ordinary people\n- Beneficiaries must be notified before significant decisions affecting their inheritance\n- Beneficiaries can object to or challenge trustee company actions through the Supreme Court\n- A testator (the person who wrote the will) can **expressly exclude** a trustee company from acting\n- The law does **not** take away anyone else's right to seek administration of an estate themselves\n\n### In plain terms\nIf someone you love dies and leaves you money or property, a trustee company might be involved in sorting out the estate — especially if the will named one, or if no one else stepped up. This law tells that company what it can and cannot do with the estate, and gives you rights to be informed and to object."},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":736},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act has contracted significantly from its original scope. Extensive repeals in 2009 (Fair Work (Commonwealth Powers) and Other Provisions Act) removed entire regulatory frameworks including: licensing requirements for trustee companies (previously Part 2A), capital and investment requirements, fee and commission regulation, detailed accounting and audit obligations, and restrictions on director interests. These functions were transferred to Commonwealth ASIC oversight under the Corporations Act. The Act now focuses narrowly on procedural powers for estate administration rather than comprehensive regulation of trustee companies as institutions."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple overlapping appointment mechanisms (sections 5-10, 20-24) with subtly different conditions and effects","Extensive cross-referencing to the Corporations Act for licensing and transfer determinations (section 68C)","Nested conditional logic in small estate provisions (sections 12-13) with monetary thresholds ($100,000/$120,000) and conversion triggers","Detailed procedural requirements for notices, advertising, certificates, and court applications throughout","Complex vesting provisions for land (sections 17-19) distinguishing sole trustees from joint trustees and disclaiming trustees","21 specific powers in section 28 with multiple sub-conditions and consent thresholds","Substantial repealed and transitional provisions indicating significant legislative evolution, particularly the 2009 amendments removing licensing and capital requirements"],"plain_english_summary":"This Queensland Act gives **licensed trustee companies** (professional firms that manage trusts and estates) special powers to handle deceased people's affairs, acting as alternatives to individual executors and administrators.\n\n**What it does:**\n\n- **Executor and administrator roles**: Trustee companies can be named as executors in wills, apply for probate (court approval to carry out a will), or be appointed to administer estates where someone died without a will (intestate). They can act alone or jointly with individuals.\n\n- **Streamlined processes for small estates**: For estates under $100,000, trustee companies can file an \"election to administer\" instead of obtaining formal court grants, saving time and expense. If the estate turns out to be larger than $120,000, they must then get proper court approval.\n\n- **Powers over property and money**: Trustee companies can sell property, invest funds, pay debts, distribute assets to beneficiaries, manage businesses temporarily, and use estate money for children's maintenance and education. Some larger decisions (over $50,000) need court or beneficiary consent.\n\n- **Protection mechanisms**: The Act lets trustee companies give notice to disputed creditors—if no legal action is taken within 6 months, the company can distribute assets safely. It also allows distribution when potential claimants haven't come forward after 3 years and proper advertising.\n\n- **Certificates as legal proof**: A sealed certificate from a trustee company is treated as conclusive evidence of its authority, equivalent to probate or letters of administration for land registration and other purposes.\n\n- **Court supervision**: Officers and directors remain personally accountable to courts and beneficiaries for proper conduct, and the Supreme Court oversees appointments and removals.\n\n**Who it affects**: Anyone creating a will, beneficiaries of estates, creditors of deceased persons, and licensed trustee companies operating in Queensland. The Act also covers transfers of estate assets between trustee companies under Commonwealth corporate law.\n\n**Why it matters**: It provides a professional, regulated alternative to family members handling estates, with built-in safeguards and efficiencies—particularly valuable for complex or contentious estates, or where no suitable family member is available."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/trustee-companies-act-1968","history":"/api/acts/trustee-companies-act-1968/history","analysis":"/api/acts/trustee-companies-act-1968/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/trustee-companies-act-1968/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/trustee-companies-act-1968/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/trustee-companies-act-1968/documents"}}