{"id":"qld:act-1973-035","name":"Trust Accounts Act 1973","slug":"trust-accounts-act-1973","collection":"act","jurisdiction":"qld","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"35 of 1973","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":105554,"registerId":"qld-act-1973-035-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"pt.1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Preliminary","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"sec.1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Short title","content":"### sec.1 Short title\n\nThis Act may be cited as the Trust Accounts Act 1973 .","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"sec.4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"### sec.4 Definitions\n\nIn this Act—\nagent , of a trustee, includes—\nthe manager of the trustee’s financial institution; and\nthe trustee’s accountant or auditor, whether or not an employee of the trustee; and\nanyone who has been, or acted as, the manager of the trustee’s financial institution or as accountant, auditor or other agent of the trustee.\ns 4 def agent sub 1997 No. 17 s 49 (1)\napproved ...\ns 4 def approved om 1997 No. 55 s 4 (2)\napproved form see section 37 .\ns 4 def approved form ins 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1\nAustralian legal practitioner ...\ns 4 def Australian legal practitioner ins 2004 No. 11 s 596 sch 1\nom 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1\nbank ...\ns 4 def bank sub 1990 No. 78 s 7\nom 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1\ncontributor see the Funeral Benefit Business Act 1982 , section 5 .\ns 4 def contributor ins 2023 No. 23 s 212 (2)\nconveyancer ...\ns 4 def conveyancer om 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1\nDirector-General ...\ns 4 def Director-General ins 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1\nom 10 May 1994 RA s 39\nfinancial period , for a trustee, means—\nfor the first period after the trustee becomes a trustee—the period (not more than a year) starting on the day the trustee becomes a trustee and ending on 31 March; or\nfor any other period—a year ending on 31 March.\ns 4 def financial period sub 1997 No. 55 s 4 (2) – (3)\nfuneral benefit agreement see the Funeral Benefit Business Act 1982 , section 5 .\ns 4 def funeral benefit agreement ins 2023 No. 23 s 212 (2)\nMinister ...\ns 4 def Minister sub 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1\nom 10 May 1994 RA s 39\nmoneys includes an instrument for the payment of money in any case where the instrument may be paid into a financial institution.\ns 4 def moneys amd 1997 No. 17 s 49 (2)\nmoneys received for or on behalf of any person includes moneys held for or on behalf of any person whether originally received for or on the person’s behalf or not.\nperson ...\ns 4 def person ins 1974 No. 22 s 2\nom 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1\npublic accountant means a person who as a principal either alone or with others carries on the business of—\ngeneral accountancy; or\nthe auditing of accounts; or\ngeneral accountancy and the auditing of accounts;\nand who places the person’s services in such regard at the disposal of the public generally for remuneration and whose services are not either entirely or mainly at the disposal of any individual, firm, trust or association (corporate or unincorporate).\nPublic Trustee ...\ns 4 def Public Trustee om 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1\nrepealed Acts ...\ns 4 def repealed Acts om 1997 No. 55 s 4 (2)\nsolicitor ...\ns 4 def solicitor sub 2004 No. 11 s 596 sch 1\nom 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1\nsupervising entity see section 4E .\ns 4 def supervising entity ins 1997 No. 55 s 4 (3)\ntrust account means a trust account kept under this Act, whether established before or after 1 July 1973.\ns 4 def trust account sub 1997 No. 55 s 4 (2) – (3)\ntrustee see section 4AA .\ns 4 def trustee amd 1997 No. 55 s 4 (4) ; 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1\nsub 2023 No. 23 s 212\ntrust moneys , in relation to a trustee, means moneys received for or on behalf of a contributor that is a party to a funeral benefit agreement.\ns 4 def trust moneys amd 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1\nsub 2023 No. 23 s 212\nUnder Secretary ...\ns 4 def Under Secretary om 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1\ns 4 amd 1997 No. 55 s 4(1), (8)\n- (a) the manager of the trustee’s financial institution; and\n- (b) the trustee’s accountant or auditor, whether or not an employee of the trustee; and\n- (c) anyone who has been, or acted as, the manager of the trustee’s financial institution or as accountant, auditor or other agent of the trustee.\n- (a) for the first period after the trustee becomes a trustee—the period (not more than a year) starting on the day the trustee becomes a trustee and ending on 31 March; or\n- (b) for any other period—a year ending on 31 March.\n- (a) general accountancy; or\n- (b) the auditing of accounts; or\n- (c) general accountancy and the auditing of accounts;","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"sec.4AA","sectionType":"section","heading":"Meaning of trustee","content":"### sec.4AA Meaning of trustee\n\nA trustee is an entity, other than a contributor, that is a party to a funeral benefit agreement entered into on or after 1 December 2003.\nHowever, the following are not trustees —\nan authorised deposit-taking institution under the Banking Act 1959 (Cwlth) ;\na company registered under the Life Insurance Act 1995 (Cwlth) .\ns 4AA ins 2023 No. 23 s 213\n(sec.4AA-ssec.1) A trustee is an entity, other than a contributor, that is a party to a funeral benefit agreement entered into on or after 1 December 2003.\n(sec.4AA-ssec.2) However, the following are not trustees — an authorised deposit-taking institution under the Banking Act 1959 (Cwlth) ; a company registered under the Life Insurance Act 1995 (Cwlth) .\n- (a) an authorised deposit-taking institution under the Banking Act 1959 (Cwlth) ;\n- (b) a company registered under the Life Insurance Act 1995 (Cwlth) .","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"sec.4A","sectionType":"section","heading":"References to moneys received by a trustee","content":"### sec.4A References to moneys received by a trustee\n\nIn this Act any reference to moneys received by a trustee shall be deemed to include a reference to moneys received in the course of or in connection with the practice, or carrying on of business, by any partner of that trustee or by any of his or her or the firm’s clerks or employees or by any trustee with whom he or she or the firm shares the remuneration of any practice or business.\ns 4A (prev s 4(2)) amd 1997 No. 55 s 4 (5)\nrenum 1997 No. 55 s 4 (10)","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"sec.4B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Reference to books, accounts etc. of trustee in partnership","content":"### sec.4B Reference to books, accounts etc. of trustee in partnership\n\nIn this Act, any reference to books, accounts, records, securities, trust accounts or practice or business of or in relation to a trustee who carries on practice or business in partnership shall be read and construed as a reference to books, accounts, records, securities, trust accounts or practice or business (as the case requires) of or in relation to the partnership.\ns 4B (prev s 4(3)) amd 1997 No. 55 s 4 (6)\nrenum 1997 No. 55 s 4 (10)","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"sec.4C","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.4C\n\ns 4C (prev s 4(4)) amd 1997 No. 55 s 4 (7)\nrenum 1997 No. 55 s 4 (10)\namd 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1\nom 2023 No. 23 s 214","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"sec.4D","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.4D\n\ns 4D (prev s 4(6)) amd 1997 No. 55 s 4 (9)\nrenum 1997 No. 55 s 4 (10)\nsub 2004 No. 11 s 596 sch 1\nom 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"sec.4E","sectionType":"section","heading":"Meaning of supervising entity","content":"### sec.4E Meaning of supervising entity\n\nA supervising entity is an entity that under subsection (2) or (4) is the supervising entity for a trustee.\nAn entity is the supervising entity for a trustee if a regulation declares the entity to be the supervising entity for the trustee.\nHowever, a regulation may declare an entity to be a supervising entity only if the chief executive is satisfied—\nthe entity has the qualifications, experience or standing necessary to perform the functions of a supervising entity under this Act; and\nanyone the entity employs to perform the functions has the qualifications, experience or standing necessary to perform the functions.\nIf a regulation does not declare an entity other than the chief executive to be the supervising entity for a trustee, the chief executive is the supervising entity for the trustee.\nA reference to a supervising entity made in relation to a trustee is a reference to the trustee’s supervising entity.\nA reference to a supervising entity made in relation to an auditor performing duties as an auditor under this Act is a reference to the supervising entity of the trustee in relation to whom the duties are performed.\ns 4E ins 1997 No. 55 s 5\n(sec.4E-ssec.1) A supervising entity is an entity that under subsection (2) or (4) is the supervising entity for a trustee.\n(sec.4E-ssec.2) An entity is the supervising entity for a trustee if a regulation declares the entity to be the supervising entity for the trustee.\n(sec.4E-ssec.3) However, a regulation may declare an entity to be a supervising entity only if the chief executive is satisfied— the entity has the qualifications, experience or standing necessary to perform the functions of a supervising entity under this Act; and anyone the entity employs to perform the functions has the qualifications, experience or standing necessary to perform the functions.\n(sec.4E-ssec.4) If a regulation does not declare an entity other than the chief executive to be the supervising entity for a trustee, the chief executive is the supervising entity for the trustee.\n(sec.4E-ssec.5) A reference to a supervising entity made in relation to a trustee is a reference to the trustee’s supervising entity.\n(sec.4E-ssec.6) A reference to a supervising entity made in relation to an auditor performing duties as an auditor under this Act is a reference to the supervising entity of the trustee in relation to whom the duties are performed.\n- (a) the entity has the qualifications, experience or standing necessary to perform the functions of a supervising entity under this Act; and\n- (b) anyone the entity employs to perform the functions has the qualifications, experience or standing necessary to perform the functions.","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"sec.4F","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.4F\n\ns 4F ins 2004 No. 11 s 596 sch 1\nom 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"pt.2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Trust accounts","content":"# Trust accounts","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"sec.5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Trustee to give notice to supervising entity","content":"### sec.5 Trustee to give notice to supervising entity\n\nEvery person who becomes a trustee shall, within 14 days after the person becomes a trustee, lodge with the supervising entity notice in writing of that fact in the approved form.\nMaximum penalty—5 penalty units.\nThe notice shall state the full name and full address of the place of practice or business of the trustee and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, the full names of the persons with whom the trustee carries on such partnership and the name under which the partnership is conducted and shall contain such other particulars as may be prescribed.\nWhere there is any material change in any of the particulars required to be notified under subsection (1) or (1A) or, in the case of a person who is a trustee at the commencement of this Act, in any particulars that the person would have been required to notify under the subsections if the person had become a trustee after the commencement of this Act, the trustee shall, within 14 days after the change, lodge with the supervising entity notice in writing of the change in the approved form.\nMaximum penalty—5 penalty units.\nUpon ceasing to be a trustee, the person who has ceased to be such, shall forthwith lodge with the supervising entity notice in writing of that fact in the approved form.\nMaximum penalty—5 penalty units.\nA trustee shall, before establishing any account under section 7 , notify the supervising entity in writing of the trustee’s intention so to do, specifying the financial institution and the office or branch thereof in which the trustee proposes to open the account and the designation of the account, and shall satisfy the manager or other officer in charge of the office or branch of the financial institution concerned that the trustee has complied with the requirements of this subsection.\nMaximum penalty—5 penalty units.\nA trustee must immediately give to the supervising entity written notice of the establishment of a trust account and the name and the office or branch of the financial institution at which the account is established.\nMaximum penalty—100 penalty units.\nIf any of the following happen, the trustee must immediately give to the supervising entity written notice of that fact—\na change in the name of a trust account;\nthe transfer of a trust account to another office or branch of the financial institution at which the account is established;\nthe transfer of a trust account to another financial institution;\nthe closing of a trust account.\nMaximum penalty—100 penalty units.\ns 5 amd 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; 1997 No. 17 s 50 ; 1997 No. 55 s 6\n(sec.5-ssec.1) Every person who becomes a trustee shall, within 14 days after the person becomes a trustee, lodge with the supervising entity notice in writing of that fact in the approved form. Maximum penalty—5 penalty units.\n(sec.5-ssec.1A) The notice shall state the full name and full address of the place of practice or business of the trustee and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, the full names of the persons with whom the trustee carries on such partnership and the name under which the partnership is conducted and shall contain such other particulars as may be prescribed.\n(sec.5-ssec.2) Where there is any material change in any of the particulars required to be notified under subsection (1) or (1A) or, in the case of a person who is a trustee at the commencement of this Act, in any particulars that the person would have been required to notify under the subsections if the person had become a trustee after the commencement of this Act, the trustee shall, within 14 days after the change, lodge with the supervising entity notice in writing of the change in the approved form. Maximum penalty—5 penalty units.\n(sec.5-ssec.3) Upon ceasing to be a trustee, the person who has ceased to be such, shall forthwith lodge with the supervising entity notice in writing of that fact in the approved form. Maximum penalty—5 penalty units.\n(sec.5-ssec.4) A trustee shall, before establishing any account under section 7 , notify the supervising entity in writing of the trustee’s intention so to do, specifying the financial institution and the office or branch thereof in which the trustee proposes to open the account and the designation of the account, and shall satisfy the manager or other officer in charge of the office or branch of the financial institution concerned that the trustee has complied with the requirements of this subsection. Maximum penalty—5 penalty units.\n(sec.5-ssec.5) A trustee must immediately give to the supervising entity written notice of the establishment of a trust account and the name and the office or branch of the financial institution at which the account is established. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.\n(sec.5-ssec.6) If any of the following happen, the trustee must immediately give to the supervising entity written notice of that fact— a change in the name of a trust account; the transfer of a trust account to another office or branch of the financial institution at which the account is established; the transfer of a trust account to another financial institution; the closing of a trust account. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.\n- (a) a change in the name of a trust account;\n- (b) the transfer of a trust account to another office or branch of the financial institution at which the account is established;\n- (c) the transfer of a trust account to another financial institution;\n- (d) the closing of a trust account.","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"sec.6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Accounts to be kept by trustees","content":"### sec.6 Accounts to be kept by trustees\n\nA trustee shall keep or cause to be kept in written or printed form in the English language such accounting and other records of all trust moneys and of any disbursement or disposal thereof or dealing therewith as will sufficiently explain the transactions and true position in regard thereto and enable true and fair accounts to be prepared from time to time and shall keep or cause to be kept those records in such manner as to enable them to be conveniently and properly audited.\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units.\nWhere trust moneys are disbursed by a trustee by way of investment which the trustee has been lawfully directed to subsequently realise with a view to the disposal of the proceeds in accordance with the directions of the person entitled thereto then, where the investments are in the name of the trustee or under the trustee’s control or the trustee has authority for disposal thereof, the duty of the trustee under this Act with respect to the keeping of accounts and other records of trust moneys and accounting therefor extends at all times in relation to the investments in all respects as if the investments were trust moneys within the meaning of this Act.\nUnless—\nthe supervising entity otherwise approves in writing; or\nan auditor has actual possession of a trustee’s accounting and other records relating to trust moneys for the time reasonably necessary to audit them under this or any other Act;\na trustee must keep all accounting and other records relating to trust moneys at the trustee’s sole or principal place of business or at another place of the trustee’s business the supervising entity approves in writing.\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units.\nSubject to the Evidence Act 1977 , section 111 a trustee shall retain for a period of not less than 7 years, the records referred to in subsection (1) .\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units.\nWithout affecting the generality of subsection (1) , a trustee—\nshall keep or cause to be kept such books, accounts and records as may be prescribed; and\nshall keep or cause to be kept the trustee’s books, accounts and records in such form and manner as may be prescribed.\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units.\nFor the purposes of this section any account or record required to be kept by a trustee may be kept either by making entries in a bound book or by recording the matters in question in any other way.\nWhere any account or record required by this section to be kept by a trustee is not kept by making entries in a bound book the trustee shall take reasonable precautions for guarding against falsification and for facilitating discovery of any falsification.\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units.\nEvery entry in any book, account or record kept by or belonging to a trustee or found at the trustee’s place of practice or business shall be deemed, until the contrary is shown to have been made by or at the direction of the trustee.\nThe power to make regulations under section 41 includes power to prohibit—\nthe keeping of specified books, accounts or records by a trustee; and\nthe keeping of books, accounts or records by a trustee in a specified form or manner; and\nthe adoption by a trustee of specified accounting procedures in respect of the trustee’s books, accounts and records.\ns 6 amd 1997 No. 55 s 7\n(sec.6-ssec.1) A trustee shall keep or cause to be kept in written or printed form in the English language such accounting and other records of all trust moneys and of any disbursement or disposal thereof or dealing therewith as will sufficiently explain the transactions and true position in regard thereto and enable true and fair accounts to be prepared from time to time and shall keep or cause to be kept those records in such manner as to enable them to be conveniently and properly audited. Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n(sec.6-ssec.2) Where trust moneys are disbursed by a trustee by way of investment which the trustee has been lawfully directed to subsequently realise with a view to the disposal of the proceeds in accordance with the directions of the person entitled thereto then, where the investments are in the name of the trustee or under the trustee’s control or the trustee has authority for disposal thereof, the duty of the trustee under this Act with respect to the keeping of accounts and other records of trust moneys and accounting therefor extends at all times in relation to the investments in all respects as if the investments were trust moneys within the meaning of this Act.\n(sec.6-ssec.3) Unless— the supervising entity otherwise approves in writing; or an auditor has actual possession of a trustee’s accounting and other records relating to trust moneys for the time reasonably necessary to audit them under this or any other Act; a trustee must keep all accounting and other records relating to trust moneys at the trustee’s sole or principal place of business or at another place of the trustee’s business the supervising entity approves in writing. Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n(sec.6-ssec.4) Subject to the Evidence Act 1977 , section 111 a trustee shall retain for a period of not less than 7 years, the records referred to in subsection (1) . Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n(sec.6-ssec.5) Without affecting the generality of subsection (1) , a trustee— shall keep or cause to be kept such books, accounts and records as may be prescribed; and shall keep or cause to be kept the trustee’s books, accounts and records in such form and manner as may be prescribed. Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n(sec.6-ssec.6) For the purposes of this section any account or record required to be kept by a trustee may be kept either by making entries in a bound book or by recording the matters in question in any other way.\n(sec.6-ssec.7) Where any account or record required by this section to be kept by a trustee is not kept by making entries in a bound book the trustee shall take reasonable precautions for guarding against falsification and for facilitating discovery of any falsification. Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n(sec.6-ssec.8) Every entry in any book, account or record kept by or belonging to a trustee or found at the trustee’s place of practice or business shall be deemed, until the contrary is shown to have been made by or at the direction of the trustee.\n(sec.6-ssec.9) The power to make regulations under section 41 includes power to prohibit— the keeping of specified books, accounts or records by a trustee; and the keeping of books, accounts or records by a trustee in a specified form or manner; and the adoption by a trustee of specified accounting procedures in respect of the trustee’s books, accounts and records.\n- (a) the supervising entity otherwise approves in writing; or\n- (b) an auditor has actual possession of a trustee’s accounting and other records relating to trust moneys for the time reasonably necessary to audit them under this or any other Act;\n- (a) shall keep or cause to be kept such books, accounts and records as may be prescribed; and\n- (b) shall keep or cause to be kept the trustee’s books, accounts and records in such form and manner as may be prescribed.\n- (a) the keeping of specified books, accounts or records by a trustee; and\n- (b) the keeping of books, accounts or records by a trustee in a specified form or manner; and\n- (c) the adoption by a trustee of specified accounting procedures in respect of the trustee’s books, accounts and records.","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"sec.7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Moneys received by trustees to be paid into a trust account","content":"### sec.7 Moneys received by trustees to be paid into a trust account\n\nA trustee shall establish and keep in a financial institution in the State 1 or more trust accounts designated or evidenced as such into which the trustee shall pay all trust moneys.\nHowever, a trustee is not required to pay trust moneys into a trust account if—\nthe trust moneys consist of a cheque drawn in favour of someone else; and\nthe trustee is satisfied the person is lawfully entitled to the moneys; and\nthe trustee immediately gives the person the cheque, personally, by post or at the person’s direction.\nA trustee shall not pay—\nto the trustee’s general trust account any moneys other than trust moneys received by the trustee; and\nto a separate trust account any moneys other than trust moneys received by the trustee for or on behalf of the person on whose behalf or at whose direction the account was established;\nbut nothing in this subsection prohibits payment into the trustees’ general trust account of moneys received by the trustee where part of such moneys are attributable to professional costs, statutory duties or charges and other proper outlays already incurred or disbursed.\nMoneys required by this section to be paid into a trust account shall be so paid daily save where it is not reasonably practicable so to do in which case they shall be so paid as soon as reasonably practicable.\nA person must not contravene this section.\nMaximum penalty—\n50 penalty units; or\nif the offence is committed with intent to defraud—100 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.\ns 7 amd 10 May 1994 RA s 39; 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1 ; 1997 No. 17 s 51 ; 1997 No. 55 s 8\n(sec.7-ssec.1) A trustee shall establish and keep in a financial institution in the State 1 or more trust accounts designated or evidenced as such into which the trustee shall pay all trust moneys.\n(sec.7-ssec.1A) However, a trustee is not required to pay trust moneys into a trust account if— the trust moneys consist of a cheque drawn in favour of someone else; and the trustee is satisfied the person is lawfully entitled to the moneys; and the trustee immediately gives the person the cheque, personally, by post or at the person’s direction.\n(sec.7-ssec.2) A trustee shall not pay— to the trustee’s general trust account any moneys other than trust moneys received by the trustee; and to a separate trust account any moneys other than trust moneys received by the trustee for or on behalf of the person on whose behalf or at whose direction the account was established; but nothing in this subsection prohibits payment into the trustees’ general trust account of moneys received by the trustee where part of such moneys are attributable to professional costs, statutory duties or charges and other proper outlays already incurred or disbursed.\n(sec.7-ssec.3) Moneys required by this section to be paid into a trust account shall be so paid daily save where it is not reasonably practicable so to do in which case they shall be so paid as soon as reasonably practicable.\n(sec.7-ssec.4) A person must not contravene this section. Maximum penalty— 50 penalty units; or if the offence is committed with intent to defraud—100 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.\n- (a) the trust moneys consist of a cheque drawn in favour of someone else; and\n- (b) the trustee is satisfied the person is lawfully entitled to the moneys; and\n- (c) the trustee immediately gives the person the cheque, personally, by post or at the person’s direction.\n- (a) to the trustee’s general trust account any moneys other than trust moneys received by the trustee; and\n- (b) to a separate trust account any moneys other than trust moneys received by the trustee for or on behalf of the person on whose behalf or at whose direction the account was established;\n- (a) 50 penalty units; or\n- (b) if the offence is committed with intent to defraud—100 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"sec.8","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.8\n\ns 8 amd 1997 No. 55 s 9 ; 2004 No. 11 s 596 sch 1 ; 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1\nom 2023 No. 23 s 216","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"sec.9","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.9\n\ns 9 amd 1988 No. 88 s 3 (1) sch 1 ; R1 (see RA s 39 )\nom 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"sec.10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Moneys in trust account not available for payments of debts etc.","content":"### sec.10 Moneys in trust account not available for payments of debts etc.\n\nSave as otherwise provided in this Act, moneys held in a trust account shall not be available for the payment of the debts of the trustee by whom the account is kept to any other creditor of the trustee or be liable to be attached or taken in execution under the order or process of any court at the instance of any such creditor.","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"sec.11","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.11\n\ns 11 amd 1997 No. 55 s 10\nom 2023 No. 23 s 217","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"sec.12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Disbursements from trust account","content":"### sec.12 Disbursements from trust account\n\nA trustee shall not draw against or cause any payment to be made from a trust account kept by the trustee under this Act unless the drawing or payment is made by the trustee’s cheque or by a cheque drawn on or that permits or enables payment to be made by a financial institution, crossed and marked on its face ‘not negotiable’ and payable to order.\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units.\nCheques drawn on a trustee’s trust account shall be drawn on cheque forms having pre-printed on the face thereof a direction to pay to order, a crossing ‘not negotiable’ and the words ‘Trust Account’.\nWithin 14 days of demand in writing made by the person for whom or on whose behalf trust moneys have been received or are held by a trustee and to which the person is then entitled the trustee shall pay to the person entitled thereto the balance of the moneys to which that person is entitled or as that person may direct in writing unless the trustee has already disposed of the moneys in accordance with a requirement made under section 33 in which case the trustee shall notify the person entitled to the moneys of that fact giving full particulars thereof.\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units.\nWhere, before the making of a payment pursuant to subsection (3) , a trustee has received notice in writing from any person who was a party to the business, proceeding or transaction in respect of which the moneys were received that the ownership of the moneys is in dispute, the trustee shall not without the written consent of the parties make payment of any such moneys until such time as—\nall parties to the business, proceeding or transaction notify the trustee in writing that the dispute has been resolved and inform the trustee as to the person to whom the moneys are to be paid, whereupon the trustee shall forthwith pay the moneys to that person or as that person may direct in writing; or\nthe trustee is advised that legal proceedings have been commenced to determine the ownership of the moneys whereupon the trustee shall forthwith pay the moneys into the court in which the proceedings have been taken to abide the decision of the court; or\nwhere no notice or advice is received by the trustee pursuant to paragraph (a) or (b) within a period of 60 days after the receipt of the notice firstmentioned in this subsection, the said period expires.\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units.\nThis section does not prevent a financial institution causing a payment to be made from a trustee’s trust account kept at a financial institution by electronic funds transfer.\nHowever, the financial institution must ensure it keeps accurate records of each transfer and the purpose of the transfer.\nSubsection (5) applies only if the trustee has the written approval of the supervising entity to make electronic funds transfers from the trust account.\ns 12 amd 1997 No. 17 s 52 ; 1997 No. 55 s 11\n(sec.12-ssec.1) A trustee shall not draw against or cause any payment to be made from a trust account kept by the trustee under this Act unless the drawing or payment is made by the trustee’s cheque or by a cheque drawn on or that permits or enables payment to be made by a financial institution, crossed and marked on its face ‘not negotiable’ and payable to order. Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n(sec.12-ssec.2) Cheques drawn on a trustee’s trust account shall be drawn on cheque forms having pre-printed on the face thereof a direction to pay to order, a crossing ‘not negotiable’ and the words ‘Trust Account’.\n(sec.12-ssec.3) Within 14 days of demand in writing made by the person for whom or on whose behalf trust moneys have been received or are held by a trustee and to which the person is then entitled the trustee shall pay to the person entitled thereto the balance of the moneys to which that person is entitled or as that person may direct in writing unless the trustee has already disposed of the moneys in accordance with a requirement made under section 33 in which case the trustee shall notify the person entitled to the moneys of that fact giving full particulars thereof. Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n(sec.12-ssec.4) Where, before the making of a payment pursuant to subsection (3) , a trustee has received notice in writing from any person who was a party to the business, proceeding or transaction in respect of which the moneys were received that the ownership of the moneys is in dispute, the trustee shall not without the written consent of the parties make payment of any such moneys until such time as— all parties to the business, proceeding or transaction notify the trustee in writing that the dispute has been resolved and inform the trustee as to the person to whom the moneys are to be paid, whereupon the trustee shall forthwith pay the moneys to that person or as that person may direct in writing; or the trustee is advised that legal proceedings have been commenced to determine the ownership of the moneys whereupon the trustee shall forthwith pay the moneys into the court in which the proceedings have been taken to abide the decision of the court; or where no notice or advice is received by the trustee pursuant to paragraph (a) or (b) within a period of 60 days after the receipt of the notice firstmentioned in this subsection, the said period expires. Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n(sec.12-ssec.5) This section does not prevent a financial institution causing a payment to be made from a trustee’s trust account kept at a financial institution by electronic funds transfer.\n(sec.12-ssec.6) However, the financial institution must ensure it keeps accurate records of each transfer and the purpose of the transfer.\n(sec.12-ssec.7) Subsection (5) applies only if the trustee has the written approval of the supervising entity to make electronic funds transfers from the trust account.\n- (a) all parties to the business, proceeding or transaction notify the trustee in writing that the dispute has been resolved and inform the trustee as to the person to whom the moneys are to be paid, whereupon the trustee shall forthwith pay the moneys to that person or as that person may direct in writing; or\n- (b) the trustee is advised that legal proceedings have been commenced to determine the ownership of the moneys whereupon the trustee shall forthwith pay the moneys into the court in which the proceedings have been taken to abide the decision of the court; or\n- (c) where no notice or advice is received by the trustee pursuant to paragraph (a) or (b) within a period of 60 days after the receipt of the notice firstmentioned in this subsection, the said period expires.","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"sec.13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Account of moneys received and their application","content":"### sec.13 Account of moneys received and their application\n\nA trustee within 14 days of demand in writing made by the person for whom or on whose behalf trust moneys have been received or are held by the trustee and to which the person is entitled, shall render to the person entitled to the moneys a correct and detailed account in writing of all such moneys and of the application thereof unless the trustee has already disposed of the moneys in accordance with a requirement made under section 33 in which case the trustee shall notify the person entitled to the moneys of that fact giving full particulars thereof.\nMaximum penalty—50 penalty units.\ns 13 amd 1997 No. 55 s 3 sch","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"pt.3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Audits and auditors","content":"# Audits and auditors","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"sec.14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Trustee to appoint auditor","content":"### sec.14 Trustee to appoint auditor\n\nA trustee shall appoint a person or a firm as auditor to audit the accounting and other records kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 and the trust accounts established and kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 7 and where for any reason the auditor ceases to hold that office the trustee shall within 14 days thereafter appoint another such auditor.\nMaximum penalty—50 penalty units.\nWithin 1 month after a person becomes a trustee, the trustee must give to the supervising entity, in writing, the full name and business address of the auditor appointed under subsection (1) .\nMaximum penalty—50 penalty units.\nIf, for any reason, the appointment of an auditor ends, the trustee must—\nimmediately give to the supervising entity written notice that the appointment has ended; and\nwithin 1 month after the appointment ends—give to the supervising entity, in writing, the full name and business address of the auditor appointed to replace the auditor whose appointment has ended.\nMaximum penalty—50 penalty units.\nA notification of appointment of an auditor pursuant to this section shall be endorsed by the auditor, or where a firm is appointed as such by a member of the firm, with a statement that the auditor or it has accepted the appointment.\nSuch fees and expenses of an auditor appointed under this section shall be payable by the trustee as are prescribed or, where not so prescribed, as are reasonable.\ns 14 amd 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; 1990 No. 85 s 5 sch 2 ; 1997 No. 55 s 12\n(sec.14-ssec.1) A trustee shall appoint a person or a firm as auditor to audit the accounting and other records kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 and the trust accounts established and kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 7 and where for any reason the auditor ceases to hold that office the trustee shall within 14 days thereafter appoint another such auditor. Maximum penalty—50 penalty units.\n(sec.14-ssec.2) Within 1 month after a person becomes a trustee, the trustee must give to the supervising entity, in writing, the full name and business address of the auditor appointed under subsection (1) . Maximum penalty—50 penalty units.\n(sec.14-ssec.3) If, for any reason, the appointment of an auditor ends, the trustee must— immediately give to the supervising entity written notice that the appointment has ended; and within 1 month after the appointment ends—give to the supervising entity, in writing, the full name and business address of the auditor appointed to replace the auditor whose appointment has ended. Maximum penalty—50 penalty units.\n(sec.14-ssec.4) A notification of appointment of an auditor pursuant to this section shall be endorsed by the auditor, or where a firm is appointed as such by a member of the firm, with a statement that the auditor or it has accepted the appointment.\n(sec.14-ssec.5) Such fees and expenses of an auditor appointed under this section shall be payable by the trustee as are prescribed or, where not so prescribed, as are reasonable.\n- (a) immediately give to the supervising entity written notice that the appointment has ended; and\n- (b) within 1 month after the appointment ends—give to the supervising entity, in writing, the full name and business address of the auditor appointed to replace the auditor whose appointment has ended.","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"sec.15","sectionType":"section","heading":"Qualifications, resignation, termination of appointment of auditor","content":"### sec.15 Qualifications, resignation, termination of appointment of auditor\n\nSubject to this section a person shall not—\naccept appointment as auditor for the purposes of section 14 ; or\nact as auditor for a trustee under this Act; or\nprepare a report required by this Act to be prepared by an auditor;\nif the person—\nis not—\na person registered as an auditor under the Corporations Act , part 9.2 ; or\na member of CPA Australia who is entitled to use the letters ‘CPA’ or ‘FCPA’; or\na member of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand who is entitled to use the letters ‘CA’ of ‘FCA’; or\na member of the Institute of Public Accountants who is entitled to use the letters ‘MIPA’ or ‘FIPA’; or\na person approved by the chief executive who has completed a tertiary course of study in accounting with an auditing component from an institute prescribed under the Corporations Act , section 1280 (2A) ; or\nis indebted in an amount exceeding $1000 to the trustee or a firm of which the trustee is a partner except for fees and expenses for professional service rendered by the trustee or such firm; or\nis—\na partner or an employee of the trustee; or\na partner, employer or employee of an employee in any capacity howsoever of the trustee.\nMaximum penalty—100 penalty units.\nA firm shall not—\naccept appointment as auditor for the purposes of section 14 ; or\nact as auditor for a trustee under this Act; or\nprepare a report required by this Act to be prepared by an auditor;\nunless—\neach member of the firm is—\na person registered as an auditor under the Corporations Act , part 9.2 ; or\na member of CPA Australia who is entitled to use the letters ‘CPA’ or ‘FCPA’; or\na member of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand who is entitled to use the letters ‘CA’ of ‘FCA’; or\na member of the Institute of Public Accountants who is entitled to use the letters ‘MIPA’ or ‘FIPA’; or\na person approved by the Minister;\nif the business name under which the firm is carrying on business is not registered on the register established and maintained under the Business Names Registration Act 2011 (Cwlth) , section 22 —a return in the approved form showing the full names and addresses of all the members of the firm has been lodged with the supervising entity;\nSee also the Business Names Registration Act 2011 (Cwlth) , section 18 (Offence—carrying on a business under an unregistered business name).\nno member of the firm is indebted in an amount exceeding $1000 to the trustee or a firm of which the trustee is a partner except for fees and expenses for professional service rendered by the trustee or such firm;\nno member of a firm is—\na partner or employee of the trustee; or\na partner, employer or employee of an employee of the trustee.\nMaximum penalty—100 penalty units.\nFor the purposes of subsections (1) and (2) a person shall be deemed to be an employee of the trustee—\nif the person is an employee of a firm of which the trustee is a member or of any other member of such a firm;\nexcept where the chief executive, if the chief executive thinks fit in the circumstances of the case, directs otherwise, if the person has, at any time within the immediately preceding period of 12 months been an employee of the trustee, a firm of which the trustee is a member or any other member of such a firm.\nThe appointment under this Act of a firm as auditor by a trustee shall be taken to be an appointment of all persons who are members of the firm, whether resident in a State or Territory or not, at the date of the appointment.\nWhere a firm has been appointed under this Act as auditor by a trustee and the members constituting the firm change by reason of the death, retirement or withdrawal of a member or by reason of the admission of a new member, the firm as newly constituted shall, if it is not disqualified from acting as auditor by virtue of subsection (2) be deemed to be appointed under section 14 as auditor by the trustee and that appointment shall be taken to be an appointment of all persons who are members of the firm as newly constituted.\nA report required to be signed on behalf of a firm appointed under this Act as auditor by a trustee shall be signed in the firm name and in the trustee’s own name by a member of the firm.\nIf, in contravention of this section, a firm consents to be appointed or acts as auditor for a trustee or prepares a report required by this Act to be prepared by an auditor or by an auditor appointed by a trustee, each member of the firm shall be guilty of an offence against this Act.\nAn auditor appointed under this Act by a trustee may, by notice in writing given to the trustee, resign as auditor and the resignation takes effect on the date (if any) specified for the purpose in the notice.\nIf an auditor resigns, the auditor must immediately give to the supervising entity written notice of the resignation.\nMaximum penalty—50 penalty units.\nWhenever the appointment of an auditor for the purposes of section 14 (1) is terminated by the trustee and the auditor is of opinion that the termination of appointment arose directly or indirectly out of any action or proposed action by the auditor in the discharge of the auditor’s duties or responsibilities for the purposes of this Act the auditor shall furnish a report in writing to the supervising entity on the auditor’s actions or proposed actions, setting out the grounds and circumstances upon which the opinion is based.\nIf the supervising entity considers it appropriate, the supervising entity may give to the Minister a copy of the report.\nWhere it is, in the opinion of the supervising entity, impracticable for a trustee to obtain the services of a person who is qualified for, and is not disqualified from, accepting appointment or acting as auditor of the accounts of the trustee under section 14 in view of the locality where the trustee carries on the trustee’s practice or business or other special circumstances, a person who is, in the opinion of the supervising entity, suitably qualified or experienced and is approved by the supervising entity for the purposes of this Act in relation to the audit of the accounts of the trustee, may be appointed as auditor of the trustee’s accounts subject to such terms and conditions as are specified in the approval.\nA person appointed in accordance with subsection (12) shall in relation to the trustee’s accounts be deemed to be the auditor appointed by the trustee under section 14 for the purposes of this Act in relation to those accounts and the provisions of this Act with all necessary modifications, apply to and in relation to the person accordingly.\ns 15 amd 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; 1990 No. 85 s 5 sch 2 ; 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1 ; 1997 No. 55 s 13 ; 2000 No. 58 s 2 sch ; 2001 No. 45 s 29 sch 3 ; 2011 No. 34 s 31 sch 1 ; 2013 No. 39 s 43 sch 1 ; 2023 No. 23 s 219\n(sec.15-ssec.1) Subject to this section a person shall not— accept appointment as auditor for the purposes of section 14 ; or act as auditor for a trustee under this Act; or prepare a report required by this Act to be prepared by an auditor; if the person— is not— a person registered as an auditor under the Corporations Act , part 9.2 ; or a member of CPA Australia who is entitled to use the letters ‘CPA’ or ‘FCPA’; or a member of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand who is entitled to use the letters ‘CA’ of ‘FCA’; or a member of the Institute of Public Accountants who is entitled to use the letters ‘MIPA’ or ‘FIPA’; or a person approved by the chief executive who has completed a tertiary course of study in accounting with an auditing component from an institute prescribed under the Corporations Act , section 1280 (2A) ; or is indebted in an amount exceeding $1000 to the trustee or a firm of which the trustee is a partner except for fees and expenses for professional service rendered by the trustee or such firm; or is— a partner or an employee of the trustee; or a partner, employer or employee of an employee in any capacity howsoever of the trustee. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.\n(sec.15-ssec.2) A firm shall not— accept appointment as auditor for the purposes of section 14 ; or act as auditor for a trustee under this Act; or prepare a report required by this Act to be prepared by an auditor; unless— each member of the firm is— a person registered as an auditor under the Corporations Act , part 9.2 ; or a member of CPA Australia who is entitled to use the letters ‘CPA’ or ‘FCPA’; or a member of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand who is entitled to use the letters ‘CA’ of ‘FCA’; or a member of the Institute of Public Accountants who is entitled to use the letters ‘MIPA’ or ‘FIPA’; or a person approved by the Minister; if the business name under which the firm is carrying on business is not registered on the register established and maintained under the Business Names Registration Act 2011 (Cwlth) , section 22 —a return in the approved form showing the full names and addresses of all the members of the firm has been lodged with the supervising entity; See also the Business Names Registration Act 2011 (Cwlth) , section 18 (Offence—carrying on a business under an unregistered business name). no member of the firm is indebted in an amount exceeding $1000 to the trustee or a firm of which the trustee is a partner except for fees and expenses for professional service rendered by the trustee or such firm; no member of a firm is— a partner or employee of the trustee; or a partner, employer or employee of an employee of the trustee. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.\n(sec.15-ssec.3) For the purposes of subsections (1) and (2) a person shall be deemed to be an employee of the trustee— if the person is an employee of a firm of which the trustee is a member or of any other member of such a firm; except where the chief executive, if the chief executive thinks fit in the circumstances of the case, directs otherwise, if the person has, at any time within the immediately preceding period of 12 months been an employee of the trustee, a firm of which the trustee is a member or any other member of such a firm.\n(sec.15-ssec.4) The appointment under this Act of a firm as auditor by a trustee shall be taken to be an appointment of all persons who are members of the firm, whether resident in a State or Territory or not, at the date of the appointment.\n(sec.15-ssec.5) Where a firm has been appointed under this Act as auditor by a trustee and the members constituting the firm change by reason of the death, retirement or withdrawal of a member or by reason of the admission of a new member, the firm as newly constituted shall, if it is not disqualified from acting as auditor by virtue of subsection (2) be deemed to be appointed under section 14 as auditor by the trustee and that appointment shall be taken to be an appointment of all persons who are members of the firm as newly constituted.\n(sec.15-ssec.6) A report required to be signed on behalf of a firm appointed under this Act as auditor by a trustee shall be signed in the firm name and in the trustee’s own name by a member of the firm.\n(sec.15-ssec.7) If, in contravention of this section, a firm consents to be appointed or acts as auditor for a trustee or prepares a report required by this Act to be prepared by an auditor or by an auditor appointed by a trustee, each member of the firm shall be guilty of an offence against this Act.\n(sec.15-ssec.8) An auditor appointed under this Act by a trustee may, by notice in writing given to the trustee, resign as auditor and the resignation takes effect on the date (if any) specified for the purpose in the notice.\n(sec.15-ssec.9) If an auditor resigns, the auditor must immediately give to the supervising entity written notice of the resignation. Maximum penalty—50 penalty units.\n(sec.15-ssec.10) Whenever the appointment of an auditor for the purposes of section 14 (1) is terminated by the trustee and the auditor is of opinion that the termination of appointment arose directly or indirectly out of any action or proposed action by the auditor in the discharge of the auditor’s duties or responsibilities for the purposes of this Act the auditor shall furnish a report in writing to the supervising entity on the auditor’s actions or proposed actions, setting out the grounds and circumstances upon which the opinion is based.\n(sec.15-ssec.11) If the supervising entity considers it appropriate, the supervising entity may give to the Minister a copy of the report.\n(sec.15-ssec.12) Where it is, in the opinion of the supervising entity, impracticable for a trustee to obtain the services of a person who is qualified for, and is not disqualified from, accepting appointment or acting as auditor of the accounts of the trustee under section 14 in view of the locality where the trustee carries on the trustee’s practice or business or other special circumstances, a person who is, in the opinion of the supervising entity, suitably qualified or experienced and is approved by the supervising entity for the purposes of this Act in relation to the audit of the accounts of the trustee, may be appointed as auditor of the trustee’s accounts subject to such terms and conditions as are specified in the approval.\n(sec.15-ssec.13) A person appointed in accordance with subsection (12) shall in relation to the trustee’s accounts be deemed to be the auditor appointed by the trustee under section 14 for the purposes of this Act in relation to those accounts and the provisions of this Act with all necessary modifications, apply to and in relation to the person accordingly.\n- (a) accept appointment as auditor for the purposes of section 14 ; or\n- (b) act as auditor for a trustee under this Act; or\n- (c) prepare a report required by this Act to be prepared by an auditor;\n- (d) is not— (i) a person registered as an auditor under the Corporations Act , part 9.2 ; or (ii) a member of CPA Australia who is entitled to use the letters ‘CPA’ or ‘FCPA’; or (iii) a member of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand who is entitled to use the letters ‘CA’ of ‘FCA’; or (iv) a member of the Institute of Public Accountants who is entitled to use the letters ‘MIPA’ or ‘FIPA’; or (v) a person approved by the chief executive who has completed a tertiary course of study in accounting with an auditing component from an institute prescribed under the Corporations Act , section 1280 (2A) ; or\n- (i) a person registered as an auditor under the Corporations Act , part 9.2 ; or\n- (ii) a member of CPA Australia who is entitled to use the letters ‘CPA’ or ‘FCPA’; or\n- (iii) a member of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand who is entitled to use the letters ‘CA’ of ‘FCA’; or\n- (iv) a member of the Institute of Public Accountants who is entitled to use the letters ‘MIPA’ or ‘FIPA’; or\n- (v) a person approved by the chief executive who has completed a tertiary course of study in accounting with an auditing component from an institute prescribed under the Corporations Act , section 1280 (2A) ; or\n- (e) is indebted in an amount exceeding $1000 to the trustee or a firm of which the trustee is a partner except for fees and expenses for professional service rendered by the trustee or such firm; or\n- (f) is— (i) a partner or an employee of the trustee; or (ii) a partner, employer or employee of an employee in any capacity howsoever of the trustee.\n- (i) a partner or an employee of the trustee; or\n- (ii) a partner, employer or employee of an employee in any capacity howsoever of the trustee.\n- (i) a person registered as an auditor under the Corporations Act , part 9.2 ; or\n- (ii) a member of CPA Australia who is entitled to use the letters ‘CPA’ or ‘FCPA’; or\n- (iii) a member of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand who is entitled to use the letters ‘CA’ of ‘FCA’; or\n- (iv) a member of the Institute of Public Accountants who is entitled to use the letters ‘MIPA’ or ‘FIPA’; or\n- (v) a person approved by the chief executive who has completed a tertiary course of study in accounting with an auditing component from an institute prescribed under the Corporations Act , section 1280 (2A) ; or\n- (i) a partner or an employee of the trustee; or\n- (ii) a partner, employer or employee of an employee in any capacity howsoever of the trustee.\n- (a) accept appointment as auditor for the purposes of section 14 ; or\n- (b) act as auditor for a trustee under this Act; or\n- (c) prepare a report required by this Act to be prepared by an auditor;\n- (d) each member of the firm is— (i) a person registered as an auditor under the Corporations Act , part 9.2 ; or (ii) a member of CPA Australia who is entitled to use the letters ‘CPA’ or ‘FCPA’; or (iii) a member of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand who is entitled to use the letters ‘CA’ of ‘FCA’; or (iv) a member of the Institute of Public Accountants who is entitled to use the letters ‘MIPA’ or ‘FIPA’; or (v) a person approved by the Minister;\n- (i) a person registered as an auditor under the Corporations Act , part 9.2 ; or\n- (ii) a member of CPA Australia who is entitled to use the letters ‘CPA’ or ‘FCPA’; or\n- (iii) a member of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand who is entitled to use the letters ‘CA’ of ‘FCA’; or\n- (iv) a member of the Institute of Public Accountants who is entitled to use the letters ‘MIPA’ or ‘FIPA’; or\n- (v) a person approved by the Minister;\n- (e) if the business name under which the firm is carrying on business is not registered on the register established and maintained under the Business Names Registration Act 2011 (Cwlth) , section 22 —a return in the approved form showing the full names and addresses of all the members of the firm has been lodged with the supervising entity; Note— See also the Business Names Registration Act 2011 (Cwlth) , section 18 (Offence—carrying on a business under an unregistered business name).\n- (f) no member of the firm is indebted in an amount exceeding $1000 to the trustee or a firm of which the trustee is a partner except for fees and expenses for professional service rendered by the trustee or such firm;\n- (g) no member of a firm is— (i) a partner or employee of the trustee; or (ii) a partner, employer or employee of an employee of the trustee.\n- (i) a partner or employee of the trustee; or\n- (ii) a partner, employer or employee of an employee of the trustee.\n- (i) a person registered as an auditor under the Corporations Act , part 9.2 ; or\n- (ii) a member of CPA Australia who is entitled to use the letters ‘CPA’ or ‘FCPA’; or\n- (iii) a member of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand who is entitled to use the letters ‘CA’ of ‘FCA’; or\n- (iv) a member of the Institute of Public Accountants who is entitled to use the letters ‘MIPA’ or ‘FIPA’; or\n- (v) a person approved by the Minister;\n- (i) a partner or employee of the trustee; or\n- (ii) a partner, employer or employee of an employee of the trustee.\n- (a) if the person is an employee of a firm of which the trustee is a member or of any other member of such a firm;\n- (b) except where the chief executive, if the chief executive thinks fit in the circumstances of the case, directs otherwise, if the person has, at any time within the immediately preceding period of 12 months been an employee of the trustee, a firm of which the trustee is a member or any other member of such a firm.","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"sec.16","sectionType":"section","heading":"Audit of trust accounts","content":"### sec.16 Audit of trust accounts\n\nA trustee must, for each financial period for the trustee and within 2 months after the end of the financial period—\nensure the trustee’s auditor audits the accounting and other records and the trust accounts kept by the trustee under this Act; and\ngive to the supervising entity an auditor’s report containing the information prescribed under a regulation.\nMaximum penalty—200 penalty units.\nHowever, if the supervising entity is satisfied, on the trustee’s written application, there are special reasons for extending the time for compliance with subsection (1) (b) , the supervising entity may approve an extension, of not more than 3 months, of the time for compliance with the subsection.\nThe supervising entity may approve the extension on conditions stated in the approval.\nWhen in respect of a financial period the accounting and other records and the trust accounts of a trustee, referred to in subsection (1) (the accounts ) are produced to the auditor to enable an audit thereof to be made for the purposes of this section, such accounts shall be accompanied by a statement signed by the trustee and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, every other member of the firm stating—\nwhether the accounts are true and correct; and\nwhether all moneys received by the trustee or the firm, as the case may be, during the financial period in question and which constitute trust moneys have been lodged to the credit of a trust account kept under this Act at a financial institution (designating the financial institution and the office or branch thereof) and disclosed to the auditor for the purposes of the audit; and\nwhether the moneys referred to in paragraph (b) have been applied for the purposes for which they were so received and in accordance with the Act or are still retained in a trust account referred to in that paragraph.\nMaximum penalty—200 penalty units.\nWhere the matters set out in a statement made for the purposes of subsection (4) are not within the trustee’s own knowledge, the trustee shall, before signing the statement, take all reasonable steps to ascertain whether the facts and matters set out in the statement are true and correct.\nEvery trustee who in a statement made for the purposes of subsection (4) makes a statement false in a material particular knowing it to be false is guilty of an offence.\nMaximum penalty—200 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.\nEvery auditor shall have a right of access at all times to the accounting and other records of the trustee kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 including all files containing information supporting or relevant to entries in the accounts the subject of the audit and to any books, accounts, cheques or other records relating to an account designated or evidenced as a trust account of the trustee established and kept at any bank and shall be entitled to require from the trustee and where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the members of the partnership and any of the trustee’s employees or agents and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the firm’s employees or agents such explanation and information as the trustee desires for the audit or unannounced examination.\nWhere an auditor is of opinion that, to enable the auditor to properly carry out the audit of the accounting and other records and the trust accounts referred to in subsection (1) or an unannounced examination under section 18 , it is necessary or desirable that the auditor should be permitted to examine any other books, accounts or records relating to the practice or business of the trustee or where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, of the firm, the auditor may require the trustee, and where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, the other members of the partnership, to produce for the auditor’s examination such other books, accounts or records.\nThe auditor shall forthwith furnish to the supervising entity a report in writing with respect to—\nany refusal or failure by the trustee to comply with the auditor’s requirements under subsection (7) or (8) or the regulations; or\nany refusal or failure by any person without lawful justification to allow the auditor access to any accounting or other records of the trustee to which the auditor has right of access or to give any information possessed by the person as and when required by the auditor pursuant to subsection (7) or the regulations or where the auditor is otherwise hindered, obstructed or delayed in the performance of the auditor’s duties or the exercise of the auditor’s powers.\nEvery auditor shall in the conduct of the auditor’s audit or examination for the purposes of this Act have due regard to such auditing procedures and standards (if any) as may be prescribed in relation to the audit or, as the case may be, unannounced examination of accounting and other records and trust accounts under this Act.\nIf an auditor departs from the prescribed auditing procedures or standards in the conduct of the audit or, as the case may be, unannounced examination the auditor shall state the extent of such departure in the auditor’s report or statement for the purposes of this Act on the audit or, as the case may be, examination and the auditor’s reasons for so doing.\nMaximum penalty—50 penalty units.\ns 16 amd 1978 No. 70 s 4 ; 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; R1 (see RA s 39 ); 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1 ; 1997 No. 17 s 53 ; 1997 No. 55 s 14 ; 2004 No. 11 s 596 sch 1 ; 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1\n(sec.16-ssec.1) A trustee must, for each financial period for the trustee and within 2 months after the end of the financial period— ensure the trustee’s auditor audits the accounting and other records and the trust accounts kept by the trustee under this Act; and give to the supervising entity an auditor’s report containing the information prescribed under a regulation. Maximum penalty—200 penalty units.\n(sec.16-ssec.2) However, if the supervising entity is satisfied, on the trustee’s written application, there are special reasons for extending the time for compliance with subsection (1) (b) , the supervising entity may approve an extension, of not more than 3 months, of the time for compliance with the subsection.\n(sec.16-ssec.3) The supervising entity may approve the extension on conditions stated in the approval.\n(sec.16-ssec.4) When in respect of a financial period the accounting and other records and the trust accounts of a trustee, referred to in subsection (1) (the accounts ) are produced to the auditor to enable an audit thereof to be made for the purposes of this section, such accounts shall be accompanied by a statement signed by the trustee and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, every other member of the firm stating— whether the accounts are true and correct; and whether all moneys received by the trustee or the firm, as the case may be, during the financial period in question and which constitute trust moneys have been lodged to the credit of a trust account kept under this Act at a financial institution (designating the financial institution and the office or branch thereof) and disclosed to the auditor for the purposes of the audit; and whether the moneys referred to in paragraph (b) have been applied for the purposes for which they were so received and in accordance with the Act or are still retained in a trust account referred to in that paragraph. Maximum penalty—200 penalty units.\n(sec.16-ssec.5) Where the matters set out in a statement made for the purposes of subsection (4) are not within the trustee’s own knowledge, the trustee shall, before signing the statement, take all reasonable steps to ascertain whether the facts and matters set out in the statement are true and correct.\n(sec.16-ssec.6) Every trustee who in a statement made for the purposes of subsection (4) makes a statement false in a material particular knowing it to be false is guilty of an offence. Maximum penalty—200 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.\n(sec.16-ssec.7) Every auditor shall have a right of access at all times to the accounting and other records of the trustee kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 including all files containing information supporting or relevant to entries in the accounts the subject of the audit and to any books, accounts, cheques or other records relating to an account designated or evidenced as a trust account of the trustee established and kept at any bank and shall be entitled to require from the trustee and where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the members of the partnership and any of the trustee’s employees or agents and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the firm’s employees or agents such explanation and information as the trustee desires for the audit or unannounced examination.\n(sec.16-ssec.8) Where an auditor is of opinion that, to enable the auditor to properly carry out the audit of the accounting and other records and the trust accounts referred to in subsection (1) or an unannounced examination under section 18 , it is necessary or desirable that the auditor should be permitted to examine any other books, accounts or records relating to the practice or business of the trustee or where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, of the firm, the auditor may require the trustee, and where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, the other members of the partnership, to produce for the auditor’s examination such other books, accounts or records.\n(sec.16-ssec.9) The auditor shall forthwith furnish to the supervising entity a report in writing with respect to— any refusal or failure by the trustee to comply with the auditor’s requirements under subsection (7) or (8) or the regulations; or any refusal or failure by any person without lawful justification to allow the auditor access to any accounting or other records of the trustee to which the auditor has right of access or to give any information possessed by the person as and when required by the auditor pursuant to subsection (7) or the regulations or where the auditor is otherwise hindered, obstructed or delayed in the performance of the auditor’s duties or the exercise of the auditor’s powers.\n(sec.16-ssec.10) Every auditor shall in the conduct of the auditor’s audit or examination for the purposes of this Act have due regard to such auditing procedures and standards (if any) as may be prescribed in relation to the audit or, as the case may be, unannounced examination of accounting and other records and trust accounts under this Act.\n(sec.16-ssec.11) If an auditor departs from the prescribed auditing procedures or standards in the conduct of the audit or, as the case may be, unannounced examination the auditor shall state the extent of such departure in the auditor’s report or statement for the purposes of this Act on the audit or, as the case may be, examination and the auditor’s reasons for so doing. Maximum penalty—50 penalty units.\n- (a) ensure the trustee’s auditor audits the accounting and other records and the trust accounts kept by the trustee under this Act; and\n- (b) give to the supervising entity an auditor’s report containing the information prescribed under a regulation.\n- (a) whether the accounts are true and correct; and\n- (b) whether all moneys received by the trustee or the firm, as the case may be, during the financial period in question and which constitute trust moneys have been lodged to the credit of a trust account kept under this Act at a financial institution (designating the financial institution and the office or branch thereof) and disclosed to the auditor for the purposes of the audit; and\n- (c) whether the moneys referred to in paragraph (b) have been applied for the purposes for which they were so received and in accordance with the Act or are still retained in a trust account referred to in that paragraph.\n- (a) any refusal or failure by the trustee to comply with the auditor’s requirements under subsection (7) or (8) or the regulations; or\n- (b) any refusal or failure by any person without lawful justification to allow the auditor access to any accounting or other records of the trustee to which the auditor has right of access or to give any information possessed by the person as and when required by the auditor pursuant to subsection (7) or the regulations or where the auditor is otherwise hindered, obstructed or delayed in the performance of the auditor’s duties or the exercise of the auditor’s powers.","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"sec.16A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.16A\n\ns 16A ins 1974 No. 22 s 3\nom 1978 No. 70 s 5","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"sec.17","sectionType":"section","heading":"Duties of auditor","content":"### sec.17 Duties of auditor\n\nWhere in performance of the auditor’s duties as auditor for a trustee an auditor becomes aware of any matter which in the auditor’s opinion—\nmay adversely affect the financial position of the trustee to a material extent; or\nconstitutes a breach of section 6 or 7 ; or\nis otherwise an irregularity in relation to the accounting and other records or trust accounts of the trustee that ought to be brought to notice;\nthe auditor must, within 7 days after becoming aware of the matter, give to the supervising entity and the trustee a written report on the matter.\nMaximum penalty—200 penalty units.\ns 17 amd 1974 No. 22 s 4 ; 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; 1990 No. 85 s 5 sch 2 ; 1997 No. 55 s 15 ; 2023 No. 23 s 220\n- (a) may adversely affect the financial position of the trustee to a material extent; or\n- (b) constitutes a breach of section 6 or 7 ; or\n- (c) is otherwise an irregularity in relation to the accounting and other records or trust accounts of the trustee that ought to be brought to notice;","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"sec.18","sectionType":"section","heading":"Auditor to make unannounced examinations","content":"### sec.18 Auditor to make unannounced examinations\n\nAn auditor appointed under section 14 shall once at least during every financial period (not being a period of less than 6 months’ duration) make an unannounced examination of the accounting and other records kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 and the trust accounts of the trustee kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 7 .\nIf the auditor is of opinion that the results of the examination are such that the auditor should take action in compliance with section 17 the auditor shall take such action accordingly but in any other case the auditor shall include in the auditor’s report for the relevant financial period given to the supervising entity a statement that an unannounced examination has been made on a stated date.\nIf an auditor or trustee is of the opinion that it is impracticable or unduly onerous to make an unannounced examination in any financial period in accordance with subsection (1) , the auditor or trustee shall furnish to the supervising entity a statement in writing setting out the reasons as soon as practicable after the commencement of that financial period.\nMaximum penalty—50 penalty units.\nThe supervising entity may, if it considers it appropriate after consideration of the statement from the auditors or trustee furnished in pursuance of subsection (3) , exempt the auditor from making such unannounced examination.\ns 18 amd 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; 1997 No. 55 s 16\n(sec.18-ssec.1) An auditor appointed under section 14 shall once at least during every financial period (not being a period of less than 6 months’ duration) make an unannounced examination of the accounting and other records kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 and the trust accounts of the trustee kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 7 .\n(sec.18-ssec.2) If the auditor is of opinion that the results of the examination are such that the auditor should take action in compliance with section 17 the auditor shall take such action accordingly but in any other case the auditor shall include in the auditor’s report for the relevant financial period given to the supervising entity a statement that an unannounced examination has been made on a stated date.\n(sec.18-ssec.3) If an auditor or trustee is of the opinion that it is impracticable or unduly onerous to make an unannounced examination in any financial period in accordance with subsection (1) , the auditor or trustee shall furnish to the supervising entity a statement in writing setting out the reasons as soon as practicable after the commencement of that financial period. Maximum penalty—50 penalty units.\n(sec.18-ssec.4) The supervising entity may, if it considers it appropriate after consideration of the statement from the auditors or trustee furnished in pursuance of subsection (3) , exempt the auditor from making such unannounced examination.","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"sec.19","sectionType":"section","heading":"Auditing of accounts on ceasing to be trustee","content":"### sec.19 Auditing of accounts on ceasing to be trustee\n\nWhere a trustee ceases to carry on practice or business or to act as such the trustee shall within 2 months thereafter—\ncause the accounting and other records kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 and the trust accounts kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 7 for the whole of the period from the date up to which those accounts were last audited pursuant to section 16 to the date of the trustee’s so ceasing or, where no such audit has been performed, for the whole of the period from the date on which the trustee commenced to carry on practice or business or to act as a trustee to the date of the trustee’s so ceasing, to be audited by the trustee’s auditor;\ncause a report of the audit performed in pursuance of paragraph (a) to be prepared which report shall contain the prescribed information;\ngive to the supervising entity the auditor’s report mentioned in paragraph (b) .\nMaximum penalty—50 penalty units.\nWhere a trustee ceases to carry on practice or business or to act as such the trustee, or where the trustee is dead the trustee’s personal representative, shall forthwith take all steps and do all things as are legally permissible and as are requisite for the distribution as soon as practicable and in accordance with law of trust moneys held by the trustee when the trustee ceased to carry on practice or business or to so act.\ns 19 amd 1997 No. 55 s 17\n(sec.19-ssec.1) Where a trustee ceases to carry on practice or business or to act as such the trustee shall within 2 months thereafter— cause the accounting and other records kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 and the trust accounts kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 7 for the whole of the period from the date up to which those accounts were last audited pursuant to section 16 to the date of the trustee’s so ceasing or, where no such audit has been performed, for the whole of the period from the date on which the trustee commenced to carry on practice or business or to act as a trustee to the date of the trustee’s so ceasing, to be audited by the trustee’s auditor; cause a report of the audit performed in pursuance of paragraph (a) to be prepared which report shall contain the prescribed information; give to the supervising entity the auditor’s report mentioned in paragraph (b) . Maximum penalty—50 penalty units.\n(sec.19-ssec.2) Where a trustee ceases to carry on practice or business or to act as such the trustee, or where the trustee is dead the trustee’s personal representative, shall forthwith take all steps and do all things as are legally permissible and as are requisite for the distribution as soon as practicable and in accordance with law of trust moneys held by the trustee when the trustee ceased to carry on practice or business or to so act.\n- (a) cause the accounting and other records kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 and the trust accounts kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 7 for the whole of the period from the date up to which those accounts were last audited pursuant to section 16 to the date of the trustee’s so ceasing or, where no such audit has been performed, for the whole of the period from the date on which the trustee commenced to carry on practice or business or to act as a trustee to the date of the trustee’s so ceasing, to be audited by the trustee’s auditor;\n- (b) cause a report of the audit performed in pursuance of paragraph (a) to be prepared which report shall contain the prescribed information;\n- (c) give to the supervising entity the auditor’s report mentioned in paragraph (b) .","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"sec.20","sectionType":"section","heading":"Report of auditor to be laid before Minister in certain cases","content":"### sec.20 Report of auditor to be laid before Minister in certain cases\n\nIf after considering an auditor’s report given under section 16 (1) , 16 (9) or 17 in relation to a trustee, the supervising entity is satisfied that the financial position of the trustee does not allow the trustee to meet all the trustee’s commitments as a trustee, the supervising entity must give to the Minister a copy of the report with any further report on it the supervising entity considers appropriate to make.\nSubsection (1) does not limit the circumstances in which the supervising entity may give to the Minister a copy of an auditor’s report.\nIt is a lawful excuse for the publication of any defamatory statement made in a report by an auditor under section 15 (10) , 16 (1) or (9) , 17 , 19 or 23 or in any report or further report by an inspector under section 26A , or by the supervising entity made under subsection (1) or in any explanation by a trustee as a result of an inquiry by the supervising entity in relation to a report by an auditor under section 15 (10) if the publication is made in good faith and is made for the purposes of this Act or purports to be so made.\nFor the purposes of subsection (2) —\na publication is said to be made in good faith if—\nthe matter published is relevant to an examination and audit or a report or further report under, or in pursuance of, this Act; and\nthe manner and extent of the publication does not exceed what is reasonably sufficient for the occasion; and\nthe person by whom it is made is not actuated by ill will to the person defamed or by any other improper motive, and does not believe the defamatory matter to be untrue; and\nwhen any question arises whether a publication was or was not made in good faith, the burden of proof of the absence of good faith lies upon the party alleging such absence.\nWhere the supervising entity has received a report referred to in subsection (1) , the supervising entity may, with the consent of the Minister, take possession of the accounting and other records relating to trust moneys of the trustee and where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, of the firm.\nUpon request by the supervising entity, or a person authorised by the supervising entity in writing in that behalf, the trustee and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, the other members of the partnership and the trustee’s employees and agents and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the firm’s employees and agents shall produce the accounting and other records relating to trust moneys held by the trustee relating to the trustee’s practice or business or, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, held by the firm relating to its practice or business.\nMaximum penalty—100 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.\nThe supervising entity may retain possession of the accounting and other records of which the supervising entity has taken possession under subsection (4) for such period as the supervising entity considers reasonably necessary for the purposes of the investigation of matters contained in or arising out of a report referred to in subsection (1) and during that period the supervising entity shall permit a person who would be entitled to inspect the records if they were not in the possession of the supervising entity to inspect at all reasonable times such of the records as that person would be so entitled to inspect.\ns 20 amd 1974 No. 22 s 5 ; 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; 1990 No. 85 s 5 sch 2 ; R1 (see RA s 39 ); 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1 ; 1997 No. 55 s 18\n(sec.20-ssec.1) If after considering an auditor’s report given under section 16 (1) , 16 (9) or 17 in relation to a trustee, the supervising entity is satisfied that the financial position of the trustee does not allow the trustee to meet all the trustee’s commitments as a trustee, the supervising entity must give to the Minister a copy of the report with any further report on it the supervising entity considers appropriate to make.\n(sec.20-ssec.1A) Subsection (1) does not limit the circumstances in which the supervising entity may give to the Minister a copy of an auditor’s report.\n(sec.20-ssec.2) It is a lawful excuse for the publication of any defamatory statement made in a report by an auditor under section 15 (10) , 16 (1) or (9) , 17 , 19 or 23 or in any report or further report by an inspector under section 26A , or by the supervising entity made under subsection (1) or in any explanation by a trustee as a result of an inquiry by the supervising entity in relation to a report by an auditor under section 15 (10) if the publication is made in good faith and is made for the purposes of this Act or purports to be so made.\n(sec.20-ssec.3) For the purposes of subsection (2) — a publication is said to be made in good faith if— the matter published is relevant to an examination and audit or a report or further report under, or in pursuance of, this Act; and the manner and extent of the publication does not exceed what is reasonably sufficient for the occasion; and the person by whom it is made is not actuated by ill will to the person defamed or by any other improper motive, and does not believe the defamatory matter to be untrue; and when any question arises whether a publication was or was not made in good faith, the burden of proof of the absence of good faith lies upon the party alleging such absence.\n(sec.20-ssec.4) Where the supervising entity has received a report referred to in subsection (1) , the supervising entity may, with the consent of the Minister, take possession of the accounting and other records relating to trust moneys of the trustee and where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, of the firm.\n(sec.20-ssec.5) Upon request by the supervising entity, or a person authorised by the supervising entity in writing in that behalf, the trustee and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, the other members of the partnership and the trustee’s employees and agents and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the firm’s employees and agents shall produce the accounting and other records relating to trust moneys held by the trustee relating to the trustee’s practice or business or, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, held by the firm relating to its practice or business. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.\n(sec.20-ssec.6) The supervising entity may retain possession of the accounting and other records of which the supervising entity has taken possession under subsection (4) for such period as the supervising entity considers reasonably necessary for the purposes of the investigation of matters contained in or arising out of a report referred to in subsection (1) and during that period the supervising entity shall permit a person who would be entitled to inspect the records if they were not in the possession of the supervising entity to inspect at all reasonable times such of the records as that person would be so entitled to inspect.\n- (a) a publication is said to be made in good faith if— (i) the matter published is relevant to an examination and audit or a report or further report under, or in pursuance of, this Act; and (ii) the manner and extent of the publication does not exceed what is reasonably sufficient for the occasion; and (iii) the person by whom it is made is not actuated by ill will to the person defamed or by any other improper motive, and does not believe the defamatory matter to be untrue; and\n- (i) the matter published is relevant to an examination and audit or a report or further report under, or in pursuance of, this Act; and\n- (ii) the manner and extent of the publication does not exceed what is reasonably sufficient for the occasion; and\n- (iii) the person by whom it is made is not actuated by ill will to the person defamed or by any other improper motive, and does not believe the defamatory matter to be untrue; and\n- (b) when any question arises whether a publication was or was not made in good faith, the burden of proof of the absence of good faith lies upon the party alleging such absence.\n- (i) the matter published is relevant to an examination and audit or a report or further report under, or in pursuance of, this Act; and\n- (ii) the manner and extent of the publication does not exceed what is reasonably sufficient for the occasion; and\n- (iii) the person by whom it is made is not actuated by ill will to the person defamed or by any other improper motive, and does not believe the defamatory matter to be untrue; and","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"sec.21","sectionType":"section","heading":"Power of Minister to appoint independent auditor","content":"### sec.21 Power of Minister to appoint independent auditor\n\nIf the Minister has received an auditor’s report sent to the Minister under section 15 (10) or for another reason the Minister considers appropriate, the Minister may, if the Minister is satisfied that it is in the interests of the trustee concerned, the trustee’s clients or the public generally to do so, appoint in writing an independent auditor (who save in special circumstances shall be a person or firm qualified, in accordance with section 15 , to act as auditor for a trustee under this Act) to examine, audit and report either generally or in relation to any particular matter upon the books, accounts and records of and trust moneys and securities held by the trustee.\nWhere the Minister is of opinion that the whole or any part of the costs and expenses of an auditor appointed by the Minister under this section or section 22 should be borne by the trustee concerned, the Minister may, by order in writing, direct the trustee to pay to the Crown a specified amount, being the whole or part of those costs and expenses, within the time and in the manner specified.\nWhere a trustee has failed to comply with an order of the Minister under subsection (2) , the amount specified in the order may be recovered in a court of competent jurisdiction as a debt due to the Crown.\ns 21 amd 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; 1990 No. 85 s 5 sch 2 ; 1997 No. 55 s 19 ; 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1 ; 2023 No. 23 s 221\n(sec.21-ssec.1) If the Minister has received an auditor’s report sent to the Minister under section 15 (10) or for another reason the Minister considers appropriate, the Minister may, if the Minister is satisfied that it is in the interests of the trustee concerned, the trustee’s clients or the public generally to do so, appoint in writing an independent auditor (who save in special circumstances shall be a person or firm qualified, in accordance with section 15 , to act as auditor for a trustee under this Act) to examine, audit and report either generally or in relation to any particular matter upon the books, accounts and records of and trust moneys and securities held by the trustee.\n(sec.21-ssec.2) Where the Minister is of opinion that the whole or any part of the costs and expenses of an auditor appointed by the Minister under this section or section 22 should be borne by the trustee concerned, the Minister may, by order in writing, direct the trustee to pay to the Crown a specified amount, being the whole or part of those costs and expenses, within the time and in the manner specified.\n(sec.21-ssec.3) Where a trustee has failed to comply with an order of the Minister under subsection (2) , the amount specified in the order may be recovered in a court of competent jurisdiction as a debt due to the Crown.","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"sec.22","sectionType":"section","heading":"Power of Minister to appoint independent auditor upon application of client","content":"### sec.22 Power of Minister to appoint independent auditor upon application of client\n\nUpon receipt of an application in writing from a person who alleges that a trustee has failed to account to the person in respect of any moneys or securities held or received by that trustee for the person or on the person’s behalf, the Minister may appoint in writing an independent auditor (who save in special circumstances shall be a person or firm qualified, in accordance with section 15 , to act as auditor for a trustee under this Act) to examine, audit and report either generally or in relation to any particular matter upon the books, accounts and records of and trust moneys and securities held by that trustee.\nEvery application under subsection (1) shall state—\nparticulars of the circumstances under which the trustee received the moneys or securities in respect of which the trustee is alleged to have failed to account; and\nparticulars of those moneys or securities and of the transactions of the applicant and the trustee relating thereto; and\nsuch other particulars as are prescribed.\nEvery statement in any such application shall be verified by a statutory declaration made by the applicant and shall, if made in good faith, be privileged.\nSection 20 (3) shall, with all necessary modifications, be applicable for the purposes of subsection (3) .\nThe Minister shall not appoint an independent auditor under subsection (1) unless the Minister is satisfied—\nthat the applicant has good reason for making the application; and\nthat it is expedient in the interests of the trustee or the applicant or the public generally that the books, accounts and records of and trust moneys and securities held by the trustee should be examined, audited and reported upon.\nThe Minister may, if the Minister thinks fit, before appointing an independent auditor under subsection (1) give the trustee concerned a reasonable opportunity of being heard upon the matters alleged in the application.\ns 22 amd 1990 No. 85 s 5 sch 2 ; 2023 No. 23 s 222\n(sec.22-ssec.1) Upon receipt of an application in writing from a person who alleges that a trustee has failed to account to the person in respect of any moneys or securities held or received by that trustee for the person or on the person’s behalf, the Minister may appoint in writing an independent auditor (who save in special circumstances shall be a person or firm qualified, in accordance with section 15 , to act as auditor for a trustee under this Act) to examine, audit and report either generally or in relation to any particular matter upon the books, accounts and records of and trust moneys and securities held by that trustee.\n(sec.22-ssec.2) Every application under subsection (1) shall state— particulars of the circumstances under which the trustee received the moneys or securities in respect of which the trustee is alleged to have failed to account; and particulars of those moneys or securities and of the transactions of the applicant and the trustee relating thereto; and such other particulars as are prescribed.\n(sec.22-ssec.3) Every statement in any such application shall be verified by a statutory declaration made by the applicant and shall, if made in good faith, be privileged.\n(sec.22-ssec.3A) Section 20 (3) shall, with all necessary modifications, be applicable for the purposes of subsection (3) .\n(sec.22-ssec.4) The Minister shall not appoint an independent auditor under subsection (1) unless the Minister is satisfied— that the applicant has good reason for making the application; and that it is expedient in the interests of the trustee or the applicant or the public generally that the books, accounts and records of and trust moneys and securities held by the trustee should be examined, audited and reported upon.\n(sec.22-ssec.5) The Minister may, if the Minister thinks fit, before appointing an independent auditor under subsection (1) give the trustee concerned a reasonable opportunity of being heard upon the matters alleged in the application.\n- (a) particulars of the circumstances under which the trustee received the moneys or securities in respect of which the trustee is alleged to have failed to account; and\n- (b) particulars of those moneys or securities and of the transactions of the applicant and the trustee relating thereto; and\n- (c) such other particulars as are prescribed.\n- (a) that the applicant has good reason for making the application; and\n- (b) that it is expedient in the interests of the trustee or the applicant or the public generally that the books, accounts and records of and trust moneys and securities held by the trustee should be examined, audited and reported upon.","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"sec.23","sectionType":"section","heading":"Auditor to report to Minister","content":"### sec.23 Auditor to report to Minister\n\nAn auditor appointed by the Minister under section 21 or 22 shall, upon the conclusion of the examination and audit in respect of which the auditor was appointed make a report thereon to the Minister.\nThe Minister may direct that the report or a copy thereof or of part thereof be made available to the supervising entity and such other persons or bodies as the Minister deems proper.\ns 23 amd 1990 No. 85 s 5 sch 2 ; 1997 No. 55 s 20\n(sec.23-ssec.1) An auditor appointed by the Minister under section 21 or 22 shall, upon the conclusion of the examination and audit in respect of which the auditor was appointed make a report thereon to the Minister.\n(sec.23-ssec.2) The Minister may direct that the report or a copy thereof or of part thereof be made available to the supervising entity and such other persons or bodies as the Minister deems proper.","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"sec.24","sectionType":"section","heading":"Powers of auditors","content":"### sec.24 Powers of auditors\n\nAn auditor appointed by the Minister to examine and audit the books, accounts and records of and trust moneys and securities held by a trustee may for the purpose of carrying out the examination and audit—\nexamine on oath the trustee concerned and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the members of the partnership and any of the trustee’s employees and agents and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the firm’s employees and agents and any other auditor appointed under this Act in relation to those books, accounts, records, moneys and securities; and\nemploy such persons as the auditor considers necessary; and\nby instrument in writing under the auditor’s hand authorise any person employed by the auditor to do, in relation to the examination and audit, any act or thing that the auditor could himself or herself do in the auditor’s capacity as auditor, except to examine any person on oath or to exercise the powers conferred by this paragraph.\nWhere an agent of the trustee is an employee of a financial institution, then for the purposes of this section and section 26 , the term agent includes the manager and accountant of the office or branch of the financial institution at which the trustee has deposited any trust moneys in any account and any other officer of the financial institution at that office or branch who in the opinion of the auditor appointed by the Minister under section 21 or 22 is able to give information concerning the affairs of the trustee.\ns 24 amd 1997 No. 17 s 54 ; 2004 No. 11 s 596 sch 1\n(sec.24-ssec.1) An auditor appointed by the Minister to examine and audit the books, accounts and records of and trust moneys and securities held by a trustee may for the purpose of carrying out the examination and audit— examine on oath the trustee concerned and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the members of the partnership and any of the trustee’s employees and agents and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the firm’s employees and agents and any other auditor appointed under this Act in relation to those books, accounts, records, moneys and securities; and employ such persons as the auditor considers necessary; and by instrument in writing under the auditor’s hand authorise any person employed by the auditor to do, in relation to the examination and audit, any act or thing that the auditor could himself or herself do in the auditor’s capacity as auditor, except to examine any person on oath or to exercise the powers conferred by this paragraph.\n(sec.24-ssec.2) Where an agent of the trustee is an employee of a financial institution, then for the purposes of this section and section 26 , the term agent includes the manager and accountant of the office or branch of the financial institution at which the trustee has deposited any trust moneys in any account and any other officer of the financial institution at that office or branch who in the opinion of the auditor appointed by the Minister under section 21 or 22 is able to give information concerning the affairs of the trustee.\n- (a) examine on oath the trustee concerned and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the members of the partnership and any of the trustee’s employees and agents and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the firm’s employees and agents and any other auditor appointed under this Act in relation to those books, accounts, records, moneys and securities; and\n- (b) employ such persons as the auditor considers necessary; and\n- (c) by instrument in writing under the auditor’s hand authorise any person employed by the auditor to do, in relation to the examination and audit, any act or thing that the auditor could himself or herself do in the auditor’s capacity as auditor, except to examine any person on oath or to exercise the powers conferred by this paragraph.","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"sec.25","sectionType":"section","heading":"As to right of auditors and employees to communicate certain matters","content":"### sec.25 As to right of auditors and employees to communicate certain matters\n\nExcept for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act or so far as may be required for the purpose of any proceedings, civil or criminal, an auditor appointed by the Minister under section 21 or 22 and an employee of any such auditor shall not communicate any matter which may come to his or her knowledge in the performance of duties as such an auditor or employee to any person other than the Minister, the supervising entity, the commissioner of the police service or some other police officer of or above the rank of inspector, any other person specified by the Minister and, in the case of an employee, the auditor by whom the employee is employed and, in the case of an auditor, any employee of the auditor.\ns 25 amd 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; 1990 No. 85 s 5 sch 2 ; 1997 No. 13 s 19 ; 1997 No. 55 s 21 ; 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"sec.26","sectionType":"section","heading":"Books, accounts and records to be produced upon demand","content":"### sec.26 Books, accounts and records to be produced upon demand\n\nUpon request by an auditor appointed by the Minister under section 21 or 22 or by a person who produces a written authority in that behalf given under section 24 (1) (c) —\na trustee and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, the other members of the partnership and the trustee’s employees and agents and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the firm’s employees and agents shall produce any books, accounts and records of and trust moneys and securities held by the trustee relating to his or her practice or business and where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, held by the firm relating to its practice or business; and\nan auditor appointed by a trustee shall produce any books, accounts and records held by the trustee relating to the practice or business of the trustee and where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, to the firm’s practice or business.\nA trustee and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, the other members of the partnership and the trustee’s employees and agents and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the firm’s employees and agents and any auditor appointed by the trustee shall answer all questions relevant to the examination and audit which are put to him or her by an auditor appointed by the Minister under section 21 or 22 or by a person who produces a written authority in that behalf given under section 24 (1) (c) .\nWhere the Minister has appointed an auditor under section 21 or 22 , and the Minister is satisfied that the auditor has reasonable grounds for suspecting or believing that trust moneys have been paid by the trustee in question to any person, on demand in writing in that behalf by the Minister, any such person and, where the person is a corporation, the officers of the corporation shall produce to the auditor or a person who produces a written authority in that behalf given under section 24 (1) (c) , any books, accounts or other records of that person relevant to trust moneys paid to the person by the trustee and any person on whom a demand in writing is made under this subsection including the officers of a corporation shall be deemed to be an agent of the trustee for the purposes of section 24 (1) and subsection (2) of this section.\nWhere books, accounts or records are produced under this section, the auditor or person to whom they are produced may take possession thereof for such period as the auditor or the person to whom they are produced considers necessary for the purposes of the examination and audit and during that period the auditor or person in possession under this subsection shall permit a person who would be entitled to inspect those books, accounts or records if they were not in possession of the auditor or the person who produced the written authority referred to in subsection (1) to inspect at all reasonable times such of those books, accounts or records as that person would be so entitled to inspect.\nA person must not—\ncontravene subsection (1) , (2) or (3) ; or\ngive to an auditor appointed under section 21 or 22 or a person who produces a written authority given under section 24 (1) (c) a false or misleading answer to a question asked under subsection (2) ; or\nimpede, delay or otherwise obstruct, or attempt to impede, delay or otherwise obstruct a person mentioned in paragraph (b) who is exercising powers or performing duties under this Act.\nMaximum penalty—20 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.\ns 26 amd 10 May 1994 RA s 39; 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1 ; 1997 No. 55 s 22\n(sec.26-ssec.1) Upon request by an auditor appointed by the Minister under section 21 or 22 or by a person who produces a written authority in that behalf given under section 24 (1) (c) — a trustee and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, the other members of the partnership and the trustee’s employees and agents and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the firm’s employees and agents shall produce any books, accounts and records of and trust moneys and securities held by the trustee relating to his or her practice or business and where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, held by the firm relating to its practice or business; and an auditor appointed by a trustee shall produce any books, accounts and records held by the trustee relating to the practice or business of the trustee and where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, to the firm’s practice or business.\n(sec.26-ssec.2) A trustee and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, the other members of the partnership and the trustee’s employees and agents and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the firm’s employees and agents and any auditor appointed by the trustee shall answer all questions relevant to the examination and audit which are put to him or her by an auditor appointed by the Minister under section 21 or 22 or by a person who produces a written authority in that behalf given under section 24 (1) (c) .\n(sec.26-ssec.3) Where the Minister has appointed an auditor under section 21 or 22 , and the Minister is satisfied that the auditor has reasonable grounds for suspecting or believing that trust moneys have been paid by the trustee in question to any person, on demand in writing in that behalf by the Minister, any such person and, where the person is a corporation, the officers of the corporation shall produce to the auditor or a person who produces a written authority in that behalf given under section 24 (1) (c) , any books, accounts or other records of that person relevant to trust moneys paid to the person by the trustee and any person on whom a demand in writing is made under this subsection including the officers of a corporation shall be deemed to be an agent of the trustee for the purposes of section 24 (1) and subsection (2) of this section.\n(sec.26-ssec.4) Where books, accounts or records are produced under this section, the auditor or person to whom they are produced may take possession thereof for such period as the auditor or the person to whom they are produced considers necessary for the purposes of the examination and audit and during that period the auditor or person in possession under this subsection shall permit a person who would be entitled to inspect those books, accounts or records if they were not in possession of the auditor or the person who produced the written authority referred to in subsection (1) to inspect at all reasonable times such of those books, accounts or records as that person would be so entitled to inspect.\n(sec.26-ssec.5) A person must not— contravene subsection (1) , (2) or (3) ; or give to an auditor appointed under section 21 or 22 or a person who produces a written authority given under section 24 (1) (c) a false or misleading answer to a question asked under subsection (2) ; or impede, delay or otherwise obstruct, or attempt to impede, delay or otherwise obstruct a person mentioned in paragraph (b) who is exercising powers or performing duties under this Act. Maximum penalty—20 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.\n- (a) a trustee and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, the other members of the partnership and the trustee’s employees and agents and, where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, any of the firm’s employees and agents shall produce any books, accounts and records of and trust moneys and securities held by the trustee relating to his or her practice or business and where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, held by the firm relating to its practice or business; and\n- (b) an auditor appointed by a trustee shall produce any books, accounts and records held by the trustee relating to the practice or business of the trustee and where the trustee carries on practice or business in partnership, to the firm’s practice or business.\n- (a) contravene subsection (1) , (2) or (3) ; or\n- (b) give to an auditor appointed under section 21 or 22 or a person who produces a written authority given under section 24 (1) (c) a false or misleading answer to a question asked under subsection (2) ; or\n- (c) impede, delay or otherwise obstruct, or attempt to impede, delay or otherwise obstruct a person mentioned in paragraph (b) who is exercising powers or performing duties under this Act.","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"pt.4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Miscellaneous","content":"# Miscellaneous","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"sec.26A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Appointment and powers of inspector","content":"### sec.26A Appointment and powers of inspector\n\nInspectors are to be employed under the Public Sector Act 2022 .\nAn inspector may at any time and from time to time require a trustee—\nto produce to the inspector for inspection, or examination, or audit, or inspection and examination and audit—\nall accounting and other records whatever kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 ; and\nall trust accounts whatever required to be established by the trustee and kept in pursuance of section 7 ; and\nall contracts, agreements and other documents whatever in the possession, custody, or power of the trustee that relate to any transaction whatever by or with the trustee, or any such contract, agreement, or other document that the inspector may specify; and\nto answer any question or supply any information that relates to any record, account, contract, agreement or document referred to in this subsection, or that relates to any entry therein.\nAn inspector at any time and from time to time—\nmay require any person who has possession, custody, or power of any record, account, contract, agreement or document whatever relating to any transaction by or with any trustee, to produce to that inspector for inspection, or examination, or audit, or inspection and examination and audit, that record, account, contract, agreement or document and in addition, to the satisfaction of the inspector, supply any information with respect thereto or with respect to any entry therein;\nmay, in relation to any record, account, contract, agreement or document referred to in subsection (3) or this subsection, take notes or copies or extracts from any such record, account, contract, agreement, or document, or of any entries therein.\nWhere an inspector considers it necessary to do so for the purpose of obtaining evidence for production in any proceeding for an offence suspected, on reasonable grounds, of having been committed against this Act, the inspector may impound and retain any record, account, contract, agreement, or document produced to the inspector in pursuance of this section.\nIn any case referred to in subsection (5) , the trustee or other person having the possession, custody or power of that record, account, contract, agreement, or document at the time it was impounded and retained shall be entitled, upon request made to that inspector, to receive from the inspector, within a reasonable time after that request is made, a copy of any such document certified by that inspector to be a true copy thereof and any such certified copy shall be received in any proceeding in any court as evidence of and shall be of the same force and effect as that original record, account, contract, agreement or document.\nA record, account, contract, agreement or document that is impounded and retained by an inspector under this section may be kept by the inspector—\nfor such period as the inspector reasonably considers necessary for the purposes of this Act; or\nwhere any proceeding is commenced or to be commenced for an offence against this Act and to which that record, account, contract, agreement or document relates in any manner whatever, until the final determination, including any appeal, in respect of that proceeding.\nFor the purpose of performing any duties or, as the case may be, exercising any powers that are imposed or conferred upon the inspector by this section, an inspector may enter upon and remain on any premises where a trustee is engaged in the practice of the trustee’s profession or the carrying on of the trustee’s business.\nA trustee or other person shall not—\nobstruct, threaten, or intimidate or attempt so to do an inspector in the exercise of any powers or authorities or functions under this section or in the discharge of any duties thereunder; or\nfail to produce for inspection, or examination, or audit, or inspection and examination and audit any record, account, contract, agreement, or document whatever when required so to do under this section; or\nwhen required under this section to answer any question or supply any information, refuse to give that answer or supply that information, or give an answer or supply information that in either case is false or misleading; or\nretake possession of or attempt to retake possession of any record, account, contract, agreement or document impounded and retained under the authority of this section.\nMaximum penalty—100 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.\nAny requirement whatever under this section directed to a trustee or other person by an inspector may be made verbally or by notice in writing served by post.\nNotwithstanding any provision of this section to the contrary, a person shall not be required to answer any question or supply any information that tends to incriminate the person.\nIn every case where, under this section, an inspector has performed any duties or, as the case may be, exercised any powers, the inspector shall as soon as practicable thereafter furnish a report thereon in writing to the chief executive.\ns 26A ins 1974 No. 22 s 6\namd 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; R1 (see RA s 39 ); 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1 ; 1996 No. 37 s 147 sch 2 ; 1997 No. 55 s 3 sch ; 2009 No. 25 s 83 sch ; 2022 No. 34 s 365 sch 3\n(sec.26A-ssec.1) Inspectors are to be employed under the Public Sector Act 2022 .\n(sec.26A-ssec.3) An inspector may at any time and from time to time require a trustee— to produce to the inspector for inspection, or examination, or audit, or inspection and examination and audit— all accounting and other records whatever kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 ; and all trust accounts whatever required to be established by the trustee and kept in pursuance of section 7 ; and all contracts, agreements and other documents whatever in the possession, custody, or power of the trustee that relate to any transaction whatever by or with the trustee, or any such contract, agreement, or other document that the inspector may specify; and to answer any question or supply any information that relates to any record, account, contract, agreement or document referred to in this subsection, or that relates to any entry therein.\n(sec.26A-ssec.4) An inspector at any time and from time to time— may require any person who has possession, custody, or power of any record, account, contract, agreement or document whatever relating to any transaction by or with any trustee, to produce to that inspector for inspection, or examination, or audit, or inspection and examination and audit, that record, account, contract, agreement or document and in addition, to the satisfaction of the inspector, supply any information with respect thereto or with respect to any entry therein; may, in relation to any record, account, contract, agreement or document referred to in subsection (3) or this subsection, take notes or copies or extracts from any such record, account, contract, agreement, or document, or of any entries therein.\n(sec.26A-ssec.5) Where an inspector considers it necessary to do so for the purpose of obtaining evidence for production in any proceeding for an offence suspected, on reasonable grounds, of having been committed against this Act, the inspector may impound and retain any record, account, contract, agreement, or document produced to the inspector in pursuance of this section.\n(sec.26A-ssec.6) In any case referred to in subsection (5) , the trustee or other person having the possession, custody or power of that record, account, contract, agreement, or document at the time it was impounded and retained shall be entitled, upon request made to that inspector, to receive from the inspector, within a reasonable time after that request is made, a copy of any such document certified by that inspector to be a true copy thereof and any such certified copy shall be received in any proceeding in any court as evidence of and shall be of the same force and effect as that original record, account, contract, agreement or document.\n(sec.26A-ssec.7) A record, account, contract, agreement or document that is impounded and retained by an inspector under this section may be kept by the inspector— for such period as the inspector reasonably considers necessary for the purposes of this Act; or where any proceeding is commenced or to be commenced for an offence against this Act and to which that record, account, contract, agreement or document relates in any manner whatever, until the final determination, including any appeal, in respect of that proceeding.\n(sec.26A-ssec.8) For the purpose of performing any duties or, as the case may be, exercising any powers that are imposed or conferred upon the inspector by this section, an inspector may enter upon and remain on any premises where a trustee is engaged in the practice of the trustee’s profession or the carrying on of the trustee’s business.\n(sec.26A-ssec.9) A trustee or other person shall not— obstruct, threaten, or intimidate or attempt so to do an inspector in the exercise of any powers or authorities or functions under this section or in the discharge of any duties thereunder; or fail to produce for inspection, or examination, or audit, or inspection and examination and audit any record, account, contract, agreement, or document whatever when required so to do under this section; or when required under this section to answer any question or supply any information, refuse to give that answer or supply that information, or give an answer or supply information that in either case is false or misleading; or retake possession of or attempt to retake possession of any record, account, contract, agreement or document impounded and retained under the authority of this section. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.\n(sec.26A-ssec.11) Any requirement whatever under this section directed to a trustee or other person by an inspector may be made verbally or by notice in writing served by post.\n(sec.26A-ssec.12) Notwithstanding any provision of this section to the contrary, a person shall not be required to answer any question or supply any information that tends to incriminate the person.\n(sec.26A-ssec.13) In every case where, under this section, an inspector has performed any duties or, as the case may be, exercised any powers, the inspector shall as soon as practicable thereafter furnish a report thereon in writing to the chief executive.\n- (a) to produce to the inspector for inspection, or examination, or audit, or inspection and examination and audit— (i) all accounting and other records whatever kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 ; and (ii) all trust accounts whatever required to be established by the trustee and kept in pursuance of section 7 ; and (iii) all contracts, agreements and other documents whatever in the possession, custody, or power of the trustee that relate to any transaction whatever by or with the trustee, or any such contract, agreement, or other document that the inspector may specify; and\n- (i) all accounting and other records whatever kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 ; and\n- (ii) all trust accounts whatever required to be established by the trustee and kept in pursuance of section 7 ; and\n- (iii) all contracts, agreements and other documents whatever in the possession, custody, or power of the trustee that relate to any transaction whatever by or with the trustee, or any such contract, agreement, or other document that the inspector may specify; and\n- (b) to answer any question or supply any information that relates to any record, account, contract, agreement or document referred to in this subsection, or that relates to any entry therein.\n- (i) all accounting and other records whatever kept by the trustee in pursuance of section 6 ; and\n- (ii) all trust accounts whatever required to be established by the trustee and kept in pursuance of section 7 ; and\n- (iii) all contracts, agreements and other documents whatever in the possession, custody, or power of the trustee that relate to any transaction whatever by or with the trustee, or any such contract, agreement, or other document that the inspector may specify; and\n- (a) may require any person who has possession, custody, or power of any record, account, contract, agreement or document whatever relating to any transaction by or with any trustee, to produce to that inspector for inspection, or examination, or audit, or inspection and examination and audit, that record, account, contract, agreement or document and in addition, to the satisfaction of the inspector, supply any information with respect thereto or with respect to any entry therein;\n- (b) may, in relation to any record, account, contract, agreement or document referred to in subsection (3) or this subsection, take notes or copies or extracts from any such record, account, contract, agreement, or document, or of any entries therein.\n- (a) for such period as the inspector reasonably considers necessary for the purposes of this Act; or\n- (b) where any proceeding is commenced or to be commenced for an offence against this Act and to which that record, account, contract, agreement or document relates in any manner whatever, until the final determination, including any appeal, in respect of that proceeding.\n- (a) obstruct, threaten, or intimidate or attempt so to do an inspector in the exercise of any powers or authorities or functions under this section or in the discharge of any duties thereunder; or\n- (b) fail to produce for inspection, or examination, or audit, or inspection and examination and audit any record, account, contract, agreement, or document whatever when required so to do under this section; or\n- (c) when required under this section to answer any question or supply any information, refuse to give that answer or supply that information, or give an answer or supply information that in either case is false or misleading; or\n- (d) retake possession of or attempt to retake possession of any record, account, contract, agreement or document impounded and retained under the authority of this section.","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"sec.27","sectionType":"section","heading":"Duties of financial institution relating to trustee’s accounts","content":"### sec.27 Duties of financial institution relating to trustee’s accounts\n\nWhere the Minister has appointed an auditor under section 21 or 22 it shall be the duty of the manager or other principal officer of a financial institution with which a trustee has deposited any trust moneys whether in the trustee’s own account or in any general trust account or separate trust account to disclose each and every such account to the auditor upon demand in writing delivered to the trustee personally by the auditor and to permit the auditor to inspect and make and take away with the auditor a copy of or extract from each and every such account and of or from any book, account, document, or writing relating to any such account.\nIt shall be the duty of the manager or other principal officer at the office or branch of the financial institution at which a trustee keeps a trust account designated or evidenced as such to inform the supervising entity immediately whenever the trust account is overdrawn or whenever a cheque drawn on the trust account is dishonoured by reason of insufficiency of funds in the trust account to meet the cheque.\nFor the purposes of this Act the financial institution shall be deemed to be the agent of the trustee and such books, accounts, cheques or other records of the financial institution referred to in subsection (1) shall be deemed to be the books, accounts, cheques or other records of the trustee.\nNo financial institution shall incur any liability whether in respect of any breach of trust or otherwise by reason only of any disclosure made pursuant to this section or section 16 , 24 or 26 .\ns 27 amd 1974 No. 22 s 7 ; 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; 1990 No. 85 s 5 sch 2 ; 1997 No. 17 s 55 ; 1997 No. 55 s 23 ; 2004 No. 11 s 596 sch 1 ; 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1\n(sec.27-ssec.1) Where the Minister has appointed an auditor under section 21 or 22 it shall be the duty of the manager or other principal officer of a financial institution with which a trustee has deposited any trust moneys whether in the trustee’s own account or in any general trust account or separate trust account to disclose each and every such account to the auditor upon demand in writing delivered to the trustee personally by the auditor and to permit the auditor to inspect and make and take away with the auditor a copy of or extract from each and every such account and of or from any book, account, document, or writing relating to any such account.\n(sec.27-ssec.2) It shall be the duty of the manager or other principal officer at the office or branch of the financial institution at which a trustee keeps a trust account designated or evidenced as such to inform the supervising entity immediately whenever the trust account is overdrawn or whenever a cheque drawn on the trust account is dishonoured by reason of insufficiency of funds in the trust account to meet the cheque.\n(sec.27-ssec.3) For the purposes of this Act the financial institution shall be deemed to be the agent of the trustee and such books, accounts, cheques or other records of the financial institution referred to in subsection (1) shall be deemed to be the books, accounts, cheques or other records of the trustee.\n(sec.27-ssec.4) No financial institution shall incur any liability whether in respect of any breach of trust or otherwise by reason only of any disclosure made pursuant to this section or section 16 , 24 or 26 .","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"sec.28","sectionType":"section","heading":"Penalty for destroying, concealing or altering records or sending records or other property out of the State","content":"### sec.28 Penalty for destroying, concealing or altering records or sending records or other property out of the State\n\nA person who, with intent to defeat the purposes of this Act or with intent to prevent, delay or obstruct the carrying out of any examination or audit under this Act—\ndestroys, conceals or alters any book, account, record or document relating to the practice or business of a trustee; or\nsends or attempts to send or conspires with any other person to send out of the State any such book, account, record or document or any property of any description belonging to or in the disposition of or under the control of a trustee;\nshall be guilty of an offence against this Act.\nMaximum penalty—100 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.\nIf in a prosecution for an offence under subsection (1) it is proved that the person charged—\ndestroyed, concealed or altered any book, account, record or document aforesaid; or\nsent or attempted to send or conspired to send out of the State any such book, account, record or document or any property aforesaid;\nthe onus of proving that in so doing the person did not act with intent to defeat the purposes of this Act or with intent to prevent, delay or obstruct the carrying out of an examination or audit under this Act shall lie on the person.\ns 28 amd 10 May 1994 RA s 39; 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1 ; 1997 No. 55 s 3 sch\n(sec.28-ssec.1) A person who, with intent to defeat the purposes of this Act or with intent to prevent, delay or obstruct the carrying out of any examination or audit under this Act— destroys, conceals or alters any book, account, record or document relating to the practice or business of a trustee; or sends or attempts to send or conspires with any other person to send out of the State any such book, account, record or document or any property of any description belonging to or in the disposition of or under the control of a trustee; shall be guilty of an offence against this Act. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.\n(sec.28-ssec.2) If in a prosecution for an offence under subsection (1) it is proved that the person charged— destroyed, concealed or altered any book, account, record or document aforesaid; or sent or attempted to send or conspired to send out of the State any such book, account, record or document or any property aforesaid; the onus of proving that in so doing the person did not act with intent to defeat the purposes of this Act or with intent to prevent, delay or obstruct the carrying out of an examination or audit under this Act shall lie on the person.\n- (a) destroys, conceals or alters any book, account, record or document relating to the practice or business of a trustee; or\n- (b) sends or attempts to send or conspires with any other person to send out of the State any such book, account, record or document or any property of any description belonging to or in the disposition of or under the control of a trustee;\n- (a) destroyed, concealed or altered any book, account, record or document aforesaid; or\n- (b) sent or attempted to send or conspired to send out of the State any such book, account, record or document or any property aforesaid;","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"sec.28A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.28A\n\ns 28A ins 1997 No. 55 s 24\nom 2023 No. 23 s 224","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"sec.28B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Duty of supervising entity to report suspected offences","content":"### sec.28B Duty of supervising entity to report suspected offences\n\nThis section applies if a supervising entity suspects on reasonable grounds, after performing functions under this Act or otherwise, that a person has committed an offence against this Act.\nThe supervising entity must—\nreport the suspected offence to the commissioner of the police service or other appropriate prosecuting authority; and\nmake available to the commissioner or authority the documents and information relevant to the suspected offence in its possession or under its control.\nThe obligation under subsection (2) (b) to make available the documents and information continues while the supervising entity holds the relevant suspicion.\ns 28B ins 1997 No. 55 s 24\namd 2004 No. 11 s 596 sch 1 ; 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1\n(sec.28B-ssec.1) This section applies if a supervising entity suspects on reasonable grounds, after performing functions under this Act or otherwise, that a person has committed an offence against this Act.\n(sec.28B-ssec.2) The supervising entity must— report the suspected offence to the commissioner of the police service or other appropriate prosecuting authority; and make available to the commissioner or authority the documents and information relevant to the suspected offence in its possession or under its control.\n(sec.28B-ssec.3) The obligation under subsection (2) (b) to make available the documents and information continues while the supervising entity holds the relevant suspicion.\n- (a) report the suspected offence to the commissioner of the police service or other appropriate prosecuting authority; and\n- (b) make available to the commissioner or authority the documents and information relevant to the suspected offence in its possession or under its control.","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"sec.29","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.29\n\ns 29 om 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1","sortOrder":41},{"sectionNumber":"sec.30","sectionType":"section","heading":"Inspection of auditor’s reports","content":"### sec.30 Inspection of auditor’s reports\n\nIf—\nan auditor’s report is given under this Act to a supervising entity; and\nthe supervising entity is satisfied a person has enough interest in moneys in relation to which the report is given;\nthe supervising entity must, so far as the report relates to the moneys, make the report available for inspection by the person.\nA supervising entity must make each auditor’s report for a financial period available for inspection by—\nthe auditor appointed to audit the accounts of the trustee for the next financial period; or\nanyone else the supervising entity considers has a genuine reason for wanting to inspect the report.\nA person mentioned in subsection (2) may, with the supervising entity’s approval, make a copy of, or take an extract from, the report.\ns 30 amd 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; 1990 No. 85 s 5 sch 2\nsub 1997 No. 55 s 25\n(sec.30-ssec.1) If— an auditor’s report is given under this Act to a supervising entity; and the supervising entity is satisfied a person has enough interest in moneys in relation to which the report is given; the supervising entity must, so far as the report relates to the moneys, make the report available for inspection by the person.\n(sec.30-ssec.2) A supervising entity must make each auditor’s report for a financial period available for inspection by— the auditor appointed to audit the accounts of the trustee for the next financial period; or anyone else the supervising entity considers has a genuine reason for wanting to inspect the report.\n(sec.30-ssec.3) A person mentioned in subsection (2) may, with the supervising entity’s approval, make a copy of, or take an extract from, the report.\n- (a) an auditor’s report is given under this Act to a supervising entity; and\n- (b) the supervising entity is satisfied a person has enough interest in moneys in relation to which the report is given;\n- (a) the auditor appointed to audit the accounts of the trustee for the next financial period; or\n- (b) anyone else the supervising entity considers has a genuine reason for wanting to inspect the report.","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"sec.31","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.31\n\ns 31 amd 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; 1997 No. 55 s 3 sch ; 2004 No. 11 s 596 sch 1 ; 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1\nom 2023 No. 23 s 225","sortOrder":43},{"sectionNumber":"sec.32","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.32\n\ns 32 om 2023 No. 23 s 225","sortOrder":44},{"sectionNumber":"sec.33","sectionType":"section","heading":"Return of property in trustees’ hands to which beneficiaries are absolutely entitled","content":"### sec.33 Return of property in trustees’ hands to which beneficiaries are absolutely entitled\n\nAny trustee who on 1 April in any year has in the trustee’s possession or under this control any property to which a person (the beneficiary ) to whom subsection (2) relates—\nis on that day; and\nwas during the whole of the year ended on that day;\nabsolutely entitled shall, not later than the following 1 June, lodge with the public trustee a return in writing signed by the trustee setting out full particulars of that property.\nMaximum penalty—50 penalty units.\nThe return shall be lodged under subsection (1) in relation to the following beneficiaries, that is to say—\na beneficiary who is not known; or\na beneficiary whose whereabouts are unknown; or\na beneficiary of whom it is not known whether the beneficiary is alive or dead; or\na beneficiary who has died, the executors or administrators of whom are dead or whose whereabouts are unknown.\nThe return lodged under subsection (1) shall be accompanied by a statement of all costs, charges, and expenses (if any) claimed by the trustee to be chargeable in the trustee’s favour against or payable to the trustee out of the property referred to in the return, and of any claim or lien by the trustee and of the full and true reasons why the property has not been transferred, assigned, delivered, or paid over to the beneficiary.\nMaximum penalty—50 penalty units.\nOn receipt of a return under subsection (1) , the public trustee may, by signed notice, require the trustee to transfer, assign, deliver, or pay over to the public trustee all property mentioned in the return within the time stated in the notice.\nOn the giving of a notice under subsection (5) , any lien claimed against the property by the trustee stops having effect.\nIf a trustee fails to comply with a requirement made under subsection (5) according to its tenor the public trustee may apply by motion to the Supreme Court for an order that the trustee shall transfer, assign, deliver, or pay over the property the subject of the requirement forthwith.\nAn order may be made in the absence of the trustee concerned if the notice of motion has been duly served upon the trustee or the court or judge is satisfied that reasonable efforts have been made to serve the same.\nIn any proceeding, a certificate signed by the public trustee and stating that the public trustee has made under subsection (5) a requirement stated in the certificate is evidence of the making of the requirement.\nUpon the property being transferred, assigned, delivered, or paid over to the public trustee in accordance with a requirement or order under this section, the public trustee shall deal with and apply the same as the trustee thereof pursuant to the provisions of the Public Trustee Act 1978 and shall without delay use every endeavour to ascertain the beneficiary or beneficiaries and to hand over or distribute the property to the beneficiary or amongst them.\nAny costs, charges, or expenses which are claimed by the trustee to be chargeable in the trustee’s favour against or payable to the trustee out of the property in question shall be properly vouched by the trustee and investigated by the public trustee; and if the public trustee is satisfied that the same are correct, then the sum allowed by the public trustee, or, if the trustee requires that the trustee’s claim should be taxed, then the sum allowed by the taxing officer of the Supreme Court after taxation, shall be paid to the trustee as and when moneys in respect of such property become available, or in the discretion of the public trustee may be paid forthwith to the trustee, in which case the sum so paid shall be part of the costs, charges and expenses of the public trustee against the property.\nIn this section—\ntrustee means a trustee within the meaning of section 4 and every person who is a trustee under any other Act or law or rule of law.\ns 33 amd 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1 ; 1997 No. 55 s 26\n(sec.33-ssec.1) Any trustee who on 1 April in any year has in the trustee’s possession or under this control any property to which a person (the beneficiary ) to whom subsection (2) relates— is on that day; and was during the whole of the year ended on that day; absolutely entitled shall, not later than the following 1 June, lodge with the public trustee a return in writing signed by the trustee setting out full particulars of that property. Maximum penalty—50 penalty units.\n(sec.33-ssec.2) The return shall be lodged under subsection (1) in relation to the following beneficiaries, that is to say— a beneficiary who is not known; or a beneficiary whose whereabouts are unknown; or a beneficiary of whom it is not known whether the beneficiary is alive or dead; or a beneficiary who has died, the executors or administrators of whom are dead or whose whereabouts are unknown.\n(sec.33-ssec.3) The return lodged under subsection (1) shall be accompanied by a statement of all costs, charges, and expenses (if any) claimed by the trustee to be chargeable in the trustee’s favour against or payable to the trustee out of the property referred to in the return, and of any claim or lien by the trustee and of the full and true reasons why the property has not been transferred, assigned, delivered, or paid over to the beneficiary. Maximum penalty—50 penalty units.\n(sec.33-ssec.5) On receipt of a return under subsection (1) , the public trustee may, by signed notice, require the trustee to transfer, assign, deliver, or pay over to the public trustee all property mentioned in the return within the time stated in the notice.\n(sec.33-ssec.5A) On the giving of a notice under subsection (5) , any lien claimed against the property by the trustee stops having effect.\n(sec.33-ssec.6) If a trustee fails to comply with a requirement made under subsection (5) according to its tenor the public trustee may apply by motion to the Supreme Court for an order that the trustee shall transfer, assign, deliver, or pay over the property the subject of the requirement forthwith.\n(sec.33-ssec.6A) An order may be made in the absence of the trustee concerned if the notice of motion has been duly served upon the trustee or the court or judge is satisfied that reasonable efforts have been made to serve the same.\n(sec.33-ssec.7) In any proceeding, a certificate signed by the public trustee and stating that the public trustee has made under subsection (5) a requirement stated in the certificate is evidence of the making of the requirement.\n(sec.33-ssec.8) Upon the property being transferred, assigned, delivered, or paid over to the public trustee in accordance with a requirement or order under this section, the public trustee shall deal with and apply the same as the trustee thereof pursuant to the provisions of the Public Trustee Act 1978 and shall without delay use every endeavour to ascertain the beneficiary or beneficiaries and to hand over or distribute the property to the beneficiary or amongst them.\n(sec.33-ssec.9) Any costs, charges, or expenses which are claimed by the trustee to be chargeable in the trustee’s favour against or payable to the trustee out of the property in question shall be properly vouched by the trustee and investigated by the public trustee; and if the public trustee is satisfied that the same are correct, then the sum allowed by the public trustee, or, if the trustee requires that the trustee’s claim should be taxed, then the sum allowed by the taxing officer of the Supreme Court after taxation, shall be paid to the trustee as and when moneys in respect of such property become available, or in the discretion of the public trustee may be paid forthwith to the trustee, in which case the sum so paid shall be part of the costs, charges and expenses of the public trustee against the property.\n(sec.33-ssec.10) In this section— trustee means a trustee within the meaning of section 4 and every person who is a trustee under any other Act or law or rule of law.\n- (a) is on that day; and\n- (b) was during the whole of the year ended on that day;\n- (a) a beneficiary who is not known; or\n- (b) a beneficiary whose whereabouts are unknown; or\n- (c) a beneficiary of whom it is not known whether the beneficiary is alive or dead; or\n- (d) a beneficiary who has died, the executors or administrators of whom are dead or whose whereabouts are unknown.","sortOrder":45},{"sectionNumber":"sec.34","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.34\n\ns 34 amd 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1 ; 1997 No. 17 s 56 ; 1997 No. 55 s 27 ; 2004 No. 11 s 596 sch 1 ; 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1\nom 2023 No. 23 s 226","sortOrder":46},{"sectionNumber":"sec.35","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.35\n\ns 35 amd 1997 No. 17 s 57 ; 2004 No. 11 s 596 sch 1 ; 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1\nom 2023 No. 23 s 226","sortOrder":47},{"sectionNumber":"sec.36","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.36\n\ns 36 amd 1997 No. 17 s 58 ; 1997 No. 55 s 28 ; 2007 No. 24 s 770 sch 1\nom 2023 No. 23 s 226","sortOrder":48},{"sectionNumber":"sec.37","sectionType":"section","heading":"Approval of forms","content":"### sec.37 Approval of forms\n\nThe chief executive may approve forms for use under this Act.\ns 37 ins 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1","sortOrder":49},{"sectionNumber":"sec.38","sectionType":"section","heading":"Proceedings for offences are summary proceedings","content":"### sec.38 Proceedings for offences are summary proceedings\n\nA proceeding for an offence against this Act is a summary proceeding under the Justices Act 1886 .\ns 38 amd 1990 No. 80 s 3 sch 1 ; 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1\nsub 1997 No. 55 s 29","sortOrder":50},{"sectionNumber":"sec.39","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.39\n\ns 39 amd 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1\nom 1997 No. 55 s 29","sortOrder":51},{"sectionNumber":"sec.40","sectionType":"section","heading":"References to Trust Accounts Act 1923","content":"### sec.40 References to Trust Accounts Act 1923\n\nIn an Act or document, a reference to the Trust Accounts Act 1923 may, if the context permits, be taken to be a reference to this Act.\ns 40 ins 1994 No. 15 s 3 sch 2\namd 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1","sortOrder":52},{"sectionNumber":"sec.41","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regulation-making power","content":"### sec.41 Regulation-making power\n\nThe Governor in Council may make regulations under this Act.\nA regulation may be made for or about—\nproviding for the production to an auditor appointed under section 14 by the trustee, the trustee’s employees and agents (including any employee of a financial institution of the trustee), of books, papers and accounts;\nprescribing the persons to whom the reports of auditors shall be sent for inspection, information or record;\ntrustees’ books, accounts and records, the form and manner of keeping the same and accountancy procedures to be followed in relation thereto;\nthe nature and scope of, and procedures and standards to be followed or given due regard to in, audits and unannounced examinations for the purposes of this Act and the form and content of reports on such audits and examinations;\nreturns and statements to be furnished by trustees and the persons to whom the returns shall be sent or made available for inspection, information or record;\nthe preparation by trustees of accounts and financial statements and the form and content thereof;\ncheques and receipts of trustees relating to trust moneys;\nrequiring persons appointed as auditors under section 14 to have professional indemnity insurance in the prescribed amount indemnifying persons having lawful claims against such auditors in relation to their functions and duties under this Act;\nprescribing a maximum penalty of 10 penalty units for an offence against a regulation.\ns 41 (prev s 37) renum 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1\namd 1997 No. 17 s 59 ; 2023 No. 23 s 227\n(sec.41-ssec.1) The Governor in Council may make regulations under this Act.\n(sec.41-ssec.2) A regulation may be made for or about— providing for the production to an auditor appointed under section 14 by the trustee, the trustee’s employees and agents (including any employee of a financial institution of the trustee), of books, papers and accounts; prescribing the persons to whom the reports of auditors shall be sent for inspection, information or record; trustees’ books, accounts and records, the form and manner of keeping the same and accountancy procedures to be followed in relation thereto; the nature and scope of, and procedures and standards to be followed or given due regard to in, audits and unannounced examinations for the purposes of this Act and the form and content of reports on such audits and examinations; returns and statements to be furnished by trustees and the persons to whom the returns shall be sent or made available for inspection, information or record; the preparation by trustees of accounts and financial statements and the form and content thereof; cheques and receipts of trustees relating to trust moneys; requiring persons appointed as auditors under section 14 to have professional indemnity insurance in the prescribed amount indemnifying persons having lawful claims against such auditors in relation to their functions and duties under this Act; prescribing a maximum penalty of 10 penalty units for an offence against a regulation.\n- (a) providing for the production to an auditor appointed under section 14 by the trustee, the trustee’s employees and agents (including any employee of a financial institution of the trustee), of books, papers and accounts;\n- (b) prescribing the persons to whom the reports of auditors shall be sent for inspection, information or record;\n- (c) trustees’ books, accounts and records, the form and manner of keeping the same and accountancy procedures to be followed in relation thereto;\n- (d) the nature and scope of, and procedures and standards to be followed or given due regard to in, audits and unannounced examinations for the purposes of this Act and the form and content of reports on such audits and examinations;\n- (e) returns and statements to be furnished by trustees and the persons to whom the returns shall be sent or made available for inspection, information or record;\n- (g) the preparation by trustees of accounts and financial statements and the form and content thereof;\n- (h) cheques and receipts of trustees relating to trust moneys;\n- (j) requiring persons appointed as auditors under section 14 to have professional indemnity insurance in the prescribed amount indemnifying persons having lawful claims against such auditors in relation to their functions and duties under this Act;\n- (k) prescribing a maximum penalty of 10 penalty units for an offence against a regulation.","sortOrder":53},{"sectionNumber":"sec.42","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.42\n\ns 42 orig s 42 ins 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 1\nexp 28 May 1996 (see s 42(3))\nprev s 42 ins 1997 No. 55 s 30\nexp 19 January 1999 (see s 42(2))\npres s 42 ins 2023 No. 23 s 228\nexp 1 April 2026 (see s 42(4))","sortOrder":54},{"sectionNumber":"sec.43","sectionType":"section","heading":"Chief executive to give information to supervising entity","content":"### sec.43 Chief executive to give information to supervising entity\n\nThis section applies if the chief executive stops being the supervising entity for a trustee and someone other than the chief executive becomes the supervising entity for the trustee.\nWithin 3 months after the chief executive stops being the supervising entity, the chief executive must give to the supervising entity the information the chief executive considers necessary to enable the supervising entity to perform its functions under this Act.\nThe chief executive or anyone else acting under the chief executive’s direction is not civilly liable for the giving of information to a supervising entity under this section.\nIf subsection (3) prevents liability attaching to a person, the liability attaches instead to the State.\ns 43 ins 1997 No. 55 s 30\n(sec.43-ssec.1) This section applies if the chief executive stops being the supervising entity for a trustee and someone other than the chief executive becomes the supervising entity for the trustee.\n(sec.43-ssec.2) Within 3 months after the chief executive stops being the supervising entity, the chief executive must give to the supervising entity the information the chief executive considers necessary to enable the supervising entity to perform its functions under this Act.\n(sec.43-ssec.3) The chief executive or anyone else acting under the chief executive’s direction is not civilly liable for the giving of information to a supervising entity under this section.\n(sec.43-ssec.4) If subsection (3) prevents liability attaching to a person, the liability attaches instead to the State.","sortOrder":55},{"sectionNumber":"pt.5","sectionType":"part","heading":"Transitional provisions for Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2023","content":"# Transitional provisions for Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2023","sortOrder":56},{"sectionNumber":"sec.44","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions for part","content":"### sec.44 Definitions for part\n\nIn this part—\nformer , for a provision of this Act, means the provision as in force immediately before the commencement.\nformer trustee means a person who, immediately before the commencement—\nwas a public accountant and trustee; or\nwas a former public accountant under former section 4C.\nnew , for a provision of this Act, means the provision as in force from the commencement.\ns 44 ins 2023 No. 23 s 229\n- (a) was a public accountant and trustee; or\n- (b) was a former public accountant under former section 4C.","sortOrder":57},{"sectionNumber":"sec.45","sectionType":"section","heading":"Proceedings for particular offences","content":"### sec.45 Proceedings for particular offences\n\nThis section applies in relation to an offence against this Act committed by a person before the commencement.\nWithout limiting the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 , section 20, a proceeding for the offence may be started or continued, and the person may be convicted of and punished for the offence, as if the Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2023 , part 32 had not commenced.\nSubsection (2) applies despite the Criminal Code, section 11.\ns 45 ins 2023 No. 23 s 229\n(sec.45-ssec.1) This section applies in relation to an offence against this Act committed by a person before the commencement.\n(sec.45-ssec.2) Without limiting the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 , section 20, a proceeding for the offence may be started or continued, and the person may be convicted of and punished for the offence, as if the Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2023 , part 32 had not commenced.\n(sec.45-ssec.3) Subsection (2) applies despite the Criminal Code, section 11.","sortOrder":58},{"sectionNumber":"sec.46","sectionType":"section","heading":"Continuing application of Act to former trustees","content":"### sec.46 Continuing application of Act to former trustees\n\nThis Act, as in force immediately before the commencement, other than the excluded provisions, continues to apply in relation to a former trustee during the transition period.\nThis section is subject to sections 48, 49 and 50.\nIn this section—\nexcluded provisions means—\nthe following provisions—\nsection 5;\nsection 6(1), (2), (5) and (6);\nsections 7 to 13;\nsection 18(1), (2) and (3);\nsection 19(1); and\nfrom the day that is 1 year after the commencement—section 16(1).\ntransition period means the period—\nstarting on the commencement; and\nending on the day that is 2 years after the commencement.\ns 46 ins 2023 No. 23 s 229\n(sec.46-ssec.1) This Act, as in force immediately before the commencement, other than the excluded provisions, continues to apply in relation to a former trustee during the transition period.\n(sec.46-ssec.2) This section is subject to sections 48, 49 and 50.\n(sec.46-ssec.3) In this section— excluded provisions means— the following provisions— section 5; section 6(1), (2), (5) and (6); sections 7 to 13; section 18(1), (2) and (3); section 19(1); and from the day that is 1 year after the commencement—section 16(1). transition period means the period— starting on the commencement; and ending on the day that is 2 years after the commencement.\n- (a) the following provisions— (i) section 5; (ii) section 6(1), (2), (5) and (6); (iii) sections 7 to 13; (iv) section 18(1), (2) and (3); (v) section 19(1); and\n- (i) section 5;\n- (ii) section 6(1), (2), (5) and (6);\n- (iii) sections 7 to 13;\n- (iv) section 18(1), (2) and (3);\n- (v) section 19(1); and\n- (b) from the day that is 1 year after the commencement—section 16(1).\n- (i) section 5;\n- (ii) section 6(1), (2), (5) and (6);\n- (iii) sections 7 to 13;\n- (iv) section 18(1), (2) and (3);\n- (v) section 19(1); and\n- (a) starting on the commencement; and\n- (b) ending on the day that is 2 years after the commencement.","sortOrder":59},{"sectionNumber":"sec.47","sectionType":"section","heading":"Existing requirement to keep records","content":"### sec.47 Existing requirement to keep records\n\nFormer section 6(5) continues to apply to a former trustee in relation to a record made by a former trustee before the commencement.\ns 47 ins 2023 No. 23 s 229","sortOrder":60},{"sectionNumber":"sec.48","sectionType":"section","heading":"Existing requirement to give notices to supervising entity","content":"### sec.48 Existing requirement to give notices to supervising entity\n\nThis section applies if a former trustee—\nwas subject to a requirement under section 5(1), (2), (4), (5) or (6) (each a former notification provision ) to lodge with or give to the supervising entity notice of a matter; and\ndid not comply with the requirement before the commencement.\nThe former notification provision continues to apply to the former trustee in relation to the requirement.\ns 48 ins 2023 No. 23 s 229\n(sec.48-ssec.1) This section applies if a former trustee— was subject to a requirement under section 5(1), (2), (4), (5) or (6) (each a former notification provision ) to lodge with or give to the supervising entity notice of a matter; and did not comply with the requirement before the commencement.\n(sec.48-ssec.2) The former notification provision continues to apply to the former trustee in relation to the requirement.\n- (a) was subject to a requirement under section 5(1), (2), (4), (5) or (6) (each a former notification provision ) to lodge with or give to the supervising entity notice of a matter; and\n- (b) did not comply with the requirement before the commencement.","sortOrder":61},{"sectionNumber":"sec.49","sectionType":"section","heading":"Continuing application of ss 12 and 13","content":"### sec.49 Continuing application of ss 12 and 13\n\nSubsection (2) applies if—\nbefore the commencement a former trustee received a demand mentioned in section 12(3) or 13 (each a relevant provision ); and\nthe former trustee did not comply with the relevant provision before the commencement.\nThe relevant provision continues to apply to the former trustee in relation to dealing with the demand or former trust moneys.\nSubsection (4) applies if before the commencement the trustee received written notice under former section 12(4) that ownership of moneys is in dispute.\nFormer section 12(4) continues to apply in relation to the former trustee.\nIn this section—\nformer trust moneys means moneys that immediately before the commencement were trust moneys.\ns 49 ins 2023 No. 23 s 229\n(sec.49-ssec.1) Subsection (2) applies if— before the commencement a former trustee received a demand mentioned in section 12(3) or 13 (each a relevant provision ); and the former trustee did not comply with the relevant provision before the commencement.\n(sec.49-ssec.2) The relevant provision continues to apply to the former trustee in relation to dealing with the demand or former trust moneys.\n(sec.49-ssec.3) Subsection (4) applies if before the commencement the trustee received written notice under former section 12(4) that ownership of moneys is in dispute.\n(sec.49-ssec.4) Former section 12(4) continues to apply in relation to the former trustee.\n(sec.49-ssec.5) In this section— former trust moneys means moneys that immediately before the commencement were trust moneys.\n- (a) before the commencement a former trustee received a demand mentioned in section 12(3) or 13 (each a relevant provision ); and\n- (b) the former trustee did not comply with the relevant provision before the commencement.","sortOrder":62},{"sectionNumber":"sec.50","sectionType":"section","heading":"Unannounced examination exemption","content":"### sec.50 Unannounced examination exemption\n\nThis section applies if a former trustee or an auditor appointed by a former trustee—\nwas subject to a requirement under section 18(3) to give a statement to the supervising entity; and\ndid not comply with the requirement before the commencement.\nSection 18(3) continues to apply to the former trustee or the auditor appointed by the former trustee in relation to the requirement.\ns 50 ins 2023 No. 23 s 229\n(sec.50-ssec.1) This section applies if a former trustee or an auditor appointed by a former trustee— was subject to a requirement under section 18(3) to give a statement to the supervising entity; and did not comply with the requirement before the commencement.\n(sec.50-ssec.2) Section 18(3) continues to apply to the former trustee or the auditor appointed by the former trustee in relation to the requirement.\n- (a) was subject to a requirement under section 18(3) to give a statement to the supervising entity; and\n- (b) did not comply with the requirement before the commencement.","sortOrder":63},{"sectionNumber":"sec.51","sectionType":"section","heading":"Existing appeals","content":"### sec.51 Existing appeals\n\nThis section applies in relation to an appeal to a court under this Act started, but not decided, before the commencement.\nThe court may continue to hear, and decide, the appeal under former section 35 as if the Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2023 , part 32 had not commenced.\ns 51 ins 2023 No. 23 s 229\n(sec.51-ssec.1) This section applies in relation to an appeal to a court under this Act started, but not decided, before the commencement.\n(sec.51-ssec.2) The court may continue to hear, and decide, the appeal under former section 35 as if the Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2023 , part 32 had not commenced.","sortOrder":64}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"Yes. The Act’s scope as to who is a \"trustee\" has been narrowed for new agreements. Section 4AA defines a trustee as an entity (other than a contributor) that is a party to a funeral benefit agreement entered into on or after 1 December 2003 and expressly excludes authorised deposit‑taking institutions under the Banking Act 1959 and companies registered under the Life Insurance Act 1995. Transitional provisions preserve the earlier, broader application of many requirements in relation to \"former trustees\" for a limited transition period (secs 44–51, sec 46). In practical terms, that means the modern statutory trustee regime applies to a narrower set of entities for new funeral benefit agreements (sec 4AA), while older trustees or arrangements remain subject to legacy provisions during the transition rules (secs 46–51)."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive definitional material and cross-references (sec 4, sec 4AA) including cross‑references to other Commonwealth Acts (Corporations Act, Banking Act, Life Insurance Act) that determine who qualifies as auditor or trustee.","Multiple overlapping obligations on trustees (notification, record-keeping, trust‑accounting, daily lodgement where reasonably practicable) with differing penalty levels (secs 5, 6, 7, 12).","Detailed audit regime combining scheduled audits, unannounced examinations, and qualified‑auditor rules with reporting duties and sanctions (secs 14–18).","Significant delegated powers and discretion vested in the supervising entity and the Minister (approvals, extensions, taking possession of records, appointment of independent auditors) (secs 4E, 16(2), 20, 21).","Enforcement and investigatory powers (inspectors, auditors appointed by the Minister) that include seizure and retention of documents and criminal sanctions for obstruction (secs 24–26, 26A, 28).","Regulation-making power that can prescribe accounting procedures, audit standards, forms, indemnity insurance and penalties (sec 41) — substantial rule‑making capacity outside the Act’s text.","Transitional complexity introduced by 2023 amendments with continuing application of prior provisions for \"former trustees\" for specified periods (secs 44–51)."],"plain_english_summary":"What this law does, who it affects and why it matters\n\n- What the Act requires (mechanics)\n  - It defines who counts as a \"trustee\" for the purposes of the Act and who counts as a trustee’s \"agent\" (see sec 4, sec 4AA). The supervising entity (usually the chief executive unless a regulation names another body) supervises trustees (sec 4E).  \n  - Any person who becomes a trustee must notify the supervising entity, keep the supervising entity up to date about material changes, and notify when trust accounts are opened, changed or closed (sec 5).  \n  - Trustees must keep written accounting records in English that fully explain all trust money and how it has been dealt with, retain them for at least seven years, and keep them at their principal place of business unless authorised otherwise (sec 6).  \n  - Trustees must establish one or more trust accounts in a financial institution and must lodge trust moneys into such accounts (daily where reasonably practicable). Trust accounts are restricted to trust moneys (sec 7).  \n  - Trust money in those accounts is protected from the trustee’s personal creditors (sec 10).  \n  - Payments from trust accounts must be by cheque marked as a trust-account payment (or, with supervising-entity approval, by electronic funds transfer recorded by the financial institution) (sec 12).  \n  - A trustee must provide an account of moneys received and their application on written demand (sec 13).  \n  - Trustees must appoint an auditor, notify the supervising entity of the auditor, and pay auditor fees (sec 14). Auditors must meet prescribed qualifications and independence rules (sec 15).  \n  - Trustees must have their trust accounts and records audited for every financial period and provide an auditor’s report to the supervising entity within specified time limits (sec 16). Auditors also perform at least one unannounced examination each financial period (sec 18), report specified irregularities quickly (sec 17), and have wide rights of access to records (sec 16(7), (8)).  \n  - The supervising entity and the Minister have powers to require further action: the Minister may appoint an independent auditor in particular circumstances and may order a trustee to pay the auditor’s costs (secs 21–23). Inspectors appointed under the Act have statutory powers to inspect, seize and retain records for investigations (sec 26A).  \n  - Financial institutions must disclose a trustee’s accounts to auditors appointed by the Minister and must notify the supervising entity if a trust account is overdrawn or has cheques dishonoured (sec 27).  \n  - The Act creates criminal and civil penalties for failing to keep or produce records, for concealing or destroying records to obstruct audits, and for other breaches (see e.g. secs 5, 6, 12, 16, 26, 28).  \n  - The Governor in Council may make regulations detailing forms, accounting procedures, audit standards, and other procedural matters (sec 41). The chief executive may approve forms (sec 37).  \n\n- Who is affected\n  - Primary: trustees (as defined) — entities that are parties to funeral benefit agreements entered into on or after 1 December 2003, except authorised deposit-taking institutions and companies registered under the Life Insurance Act 1995 (sec 4AA).  \n  - Secondary: auditors and audit firms (subject to qualification and independence rules, sec 15), financial institutions that hold trustees’ trust accounts (sec 27), supervising entities and their inspectors (secs 4E, 26A), and the public trustee in certain circumstances (sec 33).  \n\n- Why it matters (practical effects)\n  - The Act creates a compliance regime that separates trust money from trustees’ own funds (trust accounts and prohibition on use for trustee debts — sec 7, sec 10), requires regular, independent checks on those accounts (audits and unannounced examinations — secs 14, 16, 18), and gives supervisors investigatory powers (inspector powers, sec 26A) and the Minister power to order independent audits (secs 21–23).  \n  - Mechanically, that means trustees bear recurring compliance costs (maintaining records, paying auditors — sec 14(5)), administrative burdens (notifications, retention, and production of records — secs 5, 6, 26), and possible liability or criminal sanctions for failures (multiple sections with penalty units and imprisonment for serious breaches).  \n\n- Claimed purpose and how it maps to costs, incentives and trade-offs\n  - Stated purpose-claim: the Act is framed to safeguard trust moneys held by trustees by requiring segregation, records, audit and supervisory oversight (see especially secs 6, 7, 16, 26A).  \n  - Costs and incentives: trustees are the direct payers of administrative and audit costs (sec 14(5)); the Minister can direct a trustee to pay the costs of an independent auditor if one is appointed (sec 21(2)), concentrating financial exposure on the trustee where the Minister finds it appropriate.  \n  - Compliance burden: trustees must adopt record-keeping systems that enable audits and unannounced examinations, retain records for at least seven years (sec 6(4)), and respond promptly to notices and demands from auditors, inspectors and the supervising entity (secs 5, 16, 26A).  \n  - Bureaucratic discretion: the supervising entity and the Minister have several discretionary powers — to approve supervising entities (sec 4E), extend audit deadlines on application (sec 16(2)), take possession of records after certain reports (sec 20(4)), appoint or approve auditors in exceptional circumstances (secs 15(12), 21), and to make regulations that shape accounting procedures and audit standards (sec 41). These discretionary powers determine how the regime is applied in practice.  \n  - Effects on private choice and markets: the Act restricts trustees’ use of funds and requires external audit oversight (secs 7, 16), which can raise trustees’ operating costs and influence choices about business structure, use of financial institutions and whether to continue acting as a trustee. Financial institutions are required to assist audits and to treat trust accounts as agent accounts for the trustee (sec 27).  \n  - Risk of substitution and implementation issues: trustees may re-structure, choose different banks, or alter behaviour to reduce compliance costs (notice and bank-transfer rules — secs 5, 7, 12). Implementation depends heavily on auditors’ capacity and the supervising entity’s enforcement choices; the Act requires auditors to have access to records and to report refusals or obstructions (secs 16(7), 16(9), 26).  \n\n- Concentrated benefits, diffuse costs, and enforcement incentives (mechanisms)\n  - Concentrated benefits: those entitled to trust moneys (beneficiaries or payees) gain clearer statutory protections — faster access to records, an enforceable right to account and payment on demand or to have moneys lodged into court if ownership is disputed (secs 12(3)–(4), 13).  \n  - Diffuse costs: compliance costs (record-keeping, audits, insurance where prescribed) fall on all trustees (secs 6, 14, 41).  \n  - Enforcement incentives and capture risk: the supervising entity and the Minister can escalate matters (appoint independent auditors, take possession of records, report suspected offences to prosecuting authorities — secs 20, 21, 28B). That concentrates enforcement power in public bodies but also creates discretion that shapes operational outcomes.  \n\n- Transitional and scope notes\n  - The Act includes recent changes and transition rules that narrow who is a \"trustee\" for new arrangements (trustee definition in sec 4AA) while preserving the application of earlier rules for \"former trustees\" during a transition period (secs 44–51). See the scope assessment below for detail."},"summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act's scope has changed substantially from its original intent. Originally (1973), it was a broad trust accounts regime covering solicitors, conveyancers, and various professionals holding client money. Over successive amendments — particularly in 2007 (which removed solicitors and conveyancers) and most significantly in 2023 — the Act's coverage was dramatically narrowed. It now applies almost exclusively to funeral benefit businesses holding prepayments from customers under funeral benefit agreements. The definitions of 'trustee' and 'trust moneys' were completely substituted in 2023 to reflect this narrow focus, representing a fundamental change in who the legislation governs."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple layers of legislative amendment over 50 years (1973–2023) have created a patchwork structure with deleted, renumbered, and substituted sections that require historical tracing to fully understand","The Act's scope has changed dramatically — it originally covered lawyers, conveyancers, and other professionals but now focuses almost exclusively on funeral benefit businesses, creating potential confusion about who is covered","Dual regulatory structure: a 'supervising entity' can be either the chief executive or a third-party body declared by regulation, adding uncertainty about who actually oversees compliance","Complex auditor qualification and disqualification rules, including cross-references to Commonwealth legislation (Corporations Act, Banking Act, Life Insurance Act, Business Names Registration Act)","Detailed procedural requirements with multiple interlocking timeframes (7 days, 14 days, 1 month, 2 months) and cascading notification obligations","Interaction with multiple other Queensland and Commonwealth statutes requires readers to consult external laws to understand the full picture","The trust account disbursement rules involve nuanced exceptions (cheque exceptions, electronic funds transfer approval requirements, dispute-holding obligations)","Criminal liability provisions with bifurcated penalties depending on intent (e.g., fraud vs. negligence) add interpretive complexity","Partnership provisions create additional obligations that mirror individual trustee obligations but with modifications, doubling the interpretive burden for partnership contexts"],"plain_english_summary":"## Queensland's Trust Accounts Act 1973 — What It Does and Who It Affects\n\n### What is this law about?\n\nThis is a Queensland law that regulates how certain businesses must handle **money belonging to other people** (called \"trust moneys\"). Since 2023, the Act has been significantly narrowed in scope — it now applies **almost exclusively to funeral benefit businesses**: companies that take prepayments from customers (called \"contributors\") for future funeral services.\n\nIn earlier decades, the Act also covered lawyers, conveyancers, and other professionals — but those groups have been removed from the law over time. Today, if you're a **funeral benefit company** (other than a bank or life insurance company) holding money paid by customers for future funerals, this law applies to you.\n\n---\n\n### Who is affected?\n\n- **Funeral benefit businesses** (the \"trustees\" under this Act) — companies that receive prepayments for funeral services under a funeral benefit agreement\n- **Accountants and auditors** hired by those businesses\n- **Customers** (\"contributors\") who have prepaid for funeral services — this law protects their money\n\n**Not covered:** Banks and life insurance companies (they have their own regulatory regimes).\n\n---\n\n### What must trustees (funeral benefit businesses) do?\n\n1. **Register with the supervising authority** — Within 14 days of becoming a trustee, notify the supervising entity (a government body or approved regulator) of their details.\n\n2. **Keep the money separate** — All customer prepayments must go into a dedicated **trust account** at a Queensland financial institution. This money cannot be used to pay the company's own debts or seized by the company's creditors.\n\n3. **Keep proper records** — Detailed accounting records must be kept in English, retained for at least **7 years**, and kept at the business's main office.\n\n4. **Appoint a qualified auditor** — An independent, professionally qualified accountant (e.g., a CPA or Chartered Accountant) must be appointed to audit the trust accounts. The auditor cannot be a business partner, employee, or someone who owes significant money to the trustee.\n\n5. **Annual audit** — Every financial year (ending 31 March), the trust accounts must be audited and a report provided to the supervising entity within 2 months.\n\n6. **Surprise inspections** — The auditor must conduct at least **one unannounced examination** of the accounts each year.\n\n7. **Withdrawals must follow strict rules** — Money can only be paid out of trust accounts by cheque marked \"not negotiable\" (to reduce fraud risk), or by electronic transfer with written approval from the supervising authority.\n\n8. **Report problems quickly** — If the auditor spots anything wrong (financial trouble, rule breaches, irregularities), they must report it to the supervising entity **within 7 days**.\n\n---\n\n### What protections exist for customers?\n\n- Trust money **cannot be seized** by the company's creditors — it is legally quarantined for the benefit of contributors.\n- Customers can demand their money back (or a full account of it) within **14 days**.\n- If there's a **dispute** about who owns the money, the trustee must hold it until the dispute is resolved or court proceedings begin.\n- A customer who believes a trustee has failed to account for their money can **apply to the Minister** for an independent audit.\n\n---\n\n### What are the penalties for breaking the rules?\n\nPenalties range depending on the offence:\n- Minor breaches (e.g., late notifications): **5–10 penalty units** (~$75–$150)\n- More serious breaches (e.g., failing to audit, false statements): **Up to 200 penalty units** (~$3,000) or **1 year imprisonment**\n- Fraud involving trust money: **100 penalty units or 1 year imprisonment**\n\n---\n\n### Why does this matter to you?\n\nIf you've **prepaid for a funeral**, this law is designed to protect your money. The funeral company must keep it safely in a separate account, have it independently audited each year, and return it to you (or your estate) when the time comes. The government has oversight powers to step in if something goes wrong."},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":949},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The legislation has been dramatically narrowed from its original broad application to solicitors, conveyancers, and public accountants holding client money, to now only applying to funeral benefit agreements. The 2023 amendments (Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2023, part 32) removed most professions from coverage, leaving only funeral benefit trustees. Extensive transitional provisions (sections 44–51) manage the wind-down for former trustees over a 2-year period."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple overlapping definitions of 'trustee' with historical scope changes (originally solicitors/conveyancers/public accountants, now narrowly funeral benefit agreements only)","Extensive cross-referencing between sections (e.g., sections 6, 7, 14, 16, 18 interlinked for record-keeping and audit obligations)","Nested conditional logic in offence provisions (e.g., Section 7 penalties escalate based on intent to defraud)","Transitional provisions creating parallel regimes for 'former trustees' with staggered expiry dates","Detailed auditor qualification requirements referencing external legislation (Corporations Act, professional body memberships)","Multiple supervising entity scenarios (chief executive default vs. declared entity) with different approval requirements","Partnership provisions that extend obligations to firm members and employees (sections 4B, 6, 14, 16)","Preservation of historical amendment references and omitted definitions creating clutter"],"plain_english_summary":"This Act sets up a regulatory framework for **trust accounts** — special bank accounts used to hold money that belongs to other people (called **\"trust moneys\"**).\n\n**Who it affects:**\n- **Trustees** — entities (other than banks and life insurance companies) that are parties to **funeral benefit agreements** entered into on or after 1 December 2003. These are businesses that collect money from people (\"contributors\") for future funeral services.\n- **Supervising entities** — government bodies or approved organisations that oversee trustees.\n- **Auditors** — qualified accountants who check that trustees are handling money properly.\n- **Financial institutions** — banks that hold trust accounts.\n\n**What trustees must do:**\n- **Notify** the supervising entity when they become a trustee, and keep them updated on any changes (Section 5).\n- **Keep detailed records** of all trust money received and how it's spent, in English, for at least 7 years (Section 6).\n- **Pay all trust money into a designated trust account** at a financial institution, usually daily (Section 7).\n- **Not mix trust money with their own business money** — trust accounts are protected from the trustee's creditors (Section 10).\n- **Only withdraw money using specially marked cheques** or approved electronic transfers, and pay it out to the rightful owners when demanded (Section 12).\n- **Provide accounts** to anyone entitled to the money when asked (Section 13).\n- **Appoint an auditor** to check their books and trust accounts every financial year, and submit an auditor's report to the supervising entity (Sections 14, 16).\n- **Allow unannounced examinations** by their auditor at least once per financial period (Section 18).\n\n**Auditor requirements:**\n- Auditors must be properly qualified — registered under the Corporations Act or members of recognised professional bodies like CPA Australia or Chartered Accountants (Section 15).\n- They must report any serious problems to the supervising entity within 7 days (Section 17).\n\n**Enforcement and oversight:**\n- **Inspectors** can enter premises, demand documents, and impound records (Section 26A).\n- The **Minister** can appoint independent auditors to investigate (Sections 21–22).\n- **Financial institutions** must report overdrawn trust accounts and cooperate with auditors (Section 27).\n- It's an offence to destroy records or send them out of the State to obstruct an audit (Section 28).\n\n**Recent changes (2023):**\nThe Act was significantly narrowed. It originally applied broadly to solicitors, conveyancers, and public accountants holding client money. Now it **only applies to funeral benefit agreements**. Transitional provisions allow former trustees (like public accountants) to wind down their obligations over 2 years.\n\n**Why it matters:**\nThis Act protects people's money — particularly those saving for funerals — by ensuring it's kept separate from business funds, properly recorded, independently audited, and available when needed."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/trust-accounts-act-1973","history":"/api/acts/trust-accounts-act-1973/history","analysis":"/api/acts/trust-accounts-act-1973/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/trust-accounts-act-1973/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/trust-accounts-act-1973/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/trust-accounts-act-1973/documents"}}