{"id":"F2023L00078","name":"Swan Island Lighthouse Heritage Management Plan 2023","slug":"swan-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":103737,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2023L00078-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Fabric Register","content":"4 Fabric Register\n\n 4.1 Fabric register\n\nThe cultural significance of the lighthouse resides in its fabric, and also in its intangible aspects – such as the meanings people ascribe to it, and the connections to other places and things. The survival of its cultural value depends on a well-informed understanding of what is significant, and on clear thinking about the consequences of change. The Burra Charter[\\[34\\]](#_edn34) sets out good practice for conserving cultural significance.\n\nCriterion under 'Heritage Significance' refer to the criterion satisfied within the specific Commonwealth heritage listing (see section 5.1).\n\nAll images included in sub-section 4.1 and 4.2 – Source: AMSA.\n\nLighthouse feature: Lantern roof\n\n![Photograph of white lighthouse lantern room and balcony.](image.019.jpeg)![Photograph of underside of lantern roof. Shows exposed cast metal ribs.](image.020.jpeg)\n\nRecent 16-sided pyramidal roof of glass-reinforced-plastic panels on 1845 cast metal ribs and top ring.\n\n Ribs – cast metal ribs\n Inner skin – none\n Ventilator – recent GRP replica of ball type ventilator, without ventilation holes\n Wind vane – none\n Lightning conductor – single spike on top of ventilator\n Gutter – none\n\n| Significance: | original fabric: highother parts: low |\n\nThe original cast metal ribs and top ring are an original part of the lighthouse – they maintain significance due to the lighthouse being the oldest of the Bass Strait lighthouses (and by being one of only 4 extant pre-1850 lighthouses) (criterion a, criterion b).\n\nThe lantern roof contributes to the aesthetic value of the lighthouse (criterion e).\n\nLighthouse feature: Lantern glazing\n\n![Photograph of clear glass panels fitted into to astragal frames.](image.021.jpeg)![Photograph of lighthouse balcony wrapping around lantern house.](image.022.jpeg)![Photograph of blank panels fitted into astragal frames.](image.023.jpeg)© AMSA 2022\n\nPolygonal in form, with 16 sides. The vertical astragals extend from a base ring at lantern floor level up to the lantern roof – there is no separate lantern base.\n\n Panes – flat rectangular glass. Two tiers of glass, with narrow tier of blank plywood panels above, and wider tier of blank panels below (forming the lantern base, see below). One landward face is blanked off by a timber framed and sheeted door in which is inset a cast iron frame for the balcony door.\n Astragals – vertical astragals of moulded profile with thickenings at intersections with horizontal astragals and at top and bottom. Horizontal astragals of similar moulded section. Uppermost horizontal astragal (which separates a tier of blank panels from glass panes) is a later addition.\n Handholds – one on each vertical astragal, fixed to cover strips.\n Emergency panes – set of emergency panes in metal frames, with copper alloy fixing bolts, are stored in the tower below the lantern room.\n\n| Finish: | blanking panels, astragals and glazing strips: painted |\n| -------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, reglaze as necessaryprepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nThe lantern glazing is an essential part of the lighthouse – it maintains its significance due to the lighthouse being the oldest of the Bass Strait lights, and due to being one of only four (4) extant pre-1850 lighthouses (criterion a, criterion b).\n\nThe lantern glazing contributes to the aesthetic value of the lighthouse (criterion e).\n\nLighthouse feature: Lantern base\n\n![Photograph of white lantern house sitting on grey balcony.](image.024.jpeg)![Photograph of small door hatch fitted to white lantern house. Door is opened out onto the balcony.](image.025.jpeg)\n\nFormed by the bottom tier of the lantern glazing which has been re-fitted with blank panels (originally fully glazed).\n\n Vents – recent cast cowls fitted over round vent holes in blanking panels.\n\n Door – cast iron frame and door inset into the bottom of a timber framed and sheeted door. The door is secured by two hand-wheels on pivoting studs which engage with projecting lugs on the frame.\n\n| Significance: | blank panels and vents: lowother parts: high |\n\nThe lantern base is an essential part of the lighthouse – it maintains its significance due to the lighthouse being the oldest of the Bass Strait lights, and due to it being one of only four extant pre-1850 lighthouses in Tasmania (criterion a, criterion b).\n\nLighthouse feature: 1845 Lantern base\n\n![Photograph showing underside of round lantern floor. Exposed steel frames are supported by a central column. ](image.026.jpeg)![Photograph showing curved stone wall. A ladder leads up to a hatch cut into the floor above. ](image.027.jpeg)© AMSA 2022\n\nOriginal lantern base was formed within the top of the existing masonry tower walls. Fixing positions of the original internal catwalk brackets into the masonry walls are visible.\n\n Vents – original round vent openings still exist through masonry walls at this level. They are fitted with circular brass regulators. Only one regulator is original, others were replaced in 2012.\n\n Door – there was no door in the original lantern base and the balcony was accessed through the existing doors in the lantern glazing from the internal catwalk.\n\n| Finish: | masonry wall: bare renderpedestal: painted |\n| -------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | there is fretting of the top course of sandstone masonry on the internal face, otherwise sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nThe lantern base is an essential and original part of the lighthouse – it maintains its significance due to the lighthouse being the oldest of the Bass Strait lights, and due to it being one of only four extant pre-1850 lighthouses in Tasmania (criterion a, criterion b).\n\n \n\nLighthouse feature: Lantern floor\n\n![Photograph showing underside of round lantern floor. Exposed steel frames are supported by a central column. ](image.028.jpeg)![Photograph showing a curved lantern room floor with blanking panels fitted within frames.](image.029.jpeg)![Photograph showing a grey floor with a hatch opening cut into it. A steel grille hatching cover leans against the nearby wall. ](image.030.jpeg)© AMSA 2022\n\nRecent floor of compressed fibre-cement sheet on frame of galvanised steel rectangular hollow sections (RHS) sections bolted together. The frame sits on the top of the tower wall around the edge, and on a central RHS column.\n\n Access opening – rectangular, with expanded metal mesh cover.\n\n| Significance: | low |\n\n \n\nLighthouse feature: Beacon\n\n![Photograph showing modern beacon fitted to central column inside lantern room.](image.031.jpeg)© AMSA 2022\n\n| Integrity: | not assessed |\n\nTideland Nova 250 beacon. \n\nLighthouse feature: Pedestal\n\n![Photograph showing modern post bolted to a grey floor. ](image.032.jpeg)© AMSA 2022\n\nWelded aluminium post, with flat plates welded top and bottom.\n\n| Finish: | bare aluminium |\n| Integrity: | high |\n\nLighthouse feature: Balcony floor\n\n![Photograph showing curved balcony wrapped around lighthouse.](image.033.jpeg)![Photograph of a grey balcony floor wrapped around a lantern house. Stainless steel balustrades and stanchions are bolted to the outer edge. ](image.034.jpeg)© AMSA 2022\n\n1845 slate slab floor supported on the tower wall and cornice.\n\n| Finish: | painted |\n| -------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | some damage around balustrade stanchion fixings from previous arrangement, otherwise intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in servicemaintain joint seals, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nThe balcony floor is both an essential and original part of the lighthouse. It maintains its significance due to the lighthouse being the odlest of the Bass Strait lights – and due to it being one of only four extant pre-1850 lighthouses in Tasmania (criterion a, criterion b).\n\nLighthouse feature: Balcony balustrade\n\n![Photograph showing curved balcony wrapped around lighthouse.](image.035.jpeg)![Photograph of a grey balcony floor wrapped around a lantern house. Stainless steel balustrades and stanchions are bolted to the outer edge. ](image.036.jpeg)© AMSA 2022\n\nRecent balustrade of welded stainless steel, with angle section stanchions bolted to the balcony floor at the bottom, with four round tubular rails.\n\n| Finish: | bare metal |\n| Integrity: | high |\n\nLighthouse feature: Walls\n\n![Photograph showing white lighthouse tower with five window openings.](image.037.jpeg)![Photograph showing curved stone wall with two brass vents fitted into wall.](image.038.jpeg)![Photograph showing inside of lighthouse tower. A grey spiral staircase is fitted inside the tower. ](image.039.jpeg)© AMSA 2022\n\n1845 stone walls, probably originally with exposed rock faced stone in courses with finely dressed freestone cornice courses at the top. It has render and stucco coatings inside and out, probably a later modification. Internal projecting ledges indicate probable earlier locations of intermediate floors, since removed.\n\n| Finish: | painted |\n| -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and paint at normal intervalsmonitor condition of pointing and stonework |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nThe tower walls are both original and essential parts of the lighthouse. They maintain significance due to the lighthouse being the oldest of the Bass Strait lights, and due to it being one of only four extant pre-1850 lighthouses in Tasmania (criterion a, criterion b).\n\nThe tower walls contribute to the aesthetic value of the lighthouse (criterion e).\n\nThe tower walls (with its rubble base and shaft with contrasting smooth freestone capital) exemplifies a unique design and form of construction (criterion f).\n\nLighthouse feature: Windows\n\n![Photograph showing white lighthouse tower with five window openings cut into tower.](image.040.jpeg)![Photograph showing window fitted into stone wall.](image.041.jpeg)\n\n![Photograph showing window cut into stone wall. ](image.042.jpeg)© AMSA 2022\n\n| Finish: | frames and sashes: bare metal glass: clear |\n| -------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | original openings: highrecent sashes and frames: low |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, replace broken panes as required |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nSix original window openings with fixed glazing in stainless steel sashes and frames.\n\nThe original window openings are an essential part of the lighthouse. They maintain significance due to the lighthouse being the oldest of the Bass Strait lights, and due to its being one of only four extant pre-1850 lighthouses in Tasmania (criterion a, criterion b)\n\nThe tower windows contribute to the aesthetic value of the lighthouse (criterion e)\n\n \n\nLighthouse feature: Door\n\n![Photograph showing a door fitted into the base of a white lighthouse tower. ](image.043.jpeg)![Photograph showing entry door standing ajar to reveal small lighthouse entrance room. ](image.044.jpeg)![Photograph showing entry door closed. ](image.045.jpeg)\n\n1845 door opening. Later timber framed and sheeted door with stainless steel vent cover, hung in timber door frame. Secured with hasp and staple and CLS padlock. Stainless lock box added to door in 2011 after illegal entry took place.\n\n| Condition: | sound |\n| Integrity: | medium |\n\nThe original door opening is an essential part of the lighthouse. It maintains significance due to the lighthouse being the oldest of the Bass Strait lights, and due to it being one of only four extant pre-1850 lighthouses in Tasmania (criterion a, criterion b).\n\n \n\nLighthouse feature: Intermediate floors\n\n![Photograph showing underside of a curved half-floor supported by beams.](image.046.jpeg)![Photograph showing underside of a curved half-floor supported by beams and a central column. ](image.047.jpeg)\n\n![Photograph of grey half floor. Lattice staircase fixed to floor.](image.048.jpeg)![Photograph of grey half-floor.](image.049.jpeg)\n\nTwo intermediate landings, of slate slabs carried on rolled iron beams built into the tower walls.\n\nOriginal intermediate floors at lower levels have been removed when the cast iron stair was installed, but their positions are marked by projecting ledges inside the tower walls.\n\nThe intermediate floors are an essential part of the lighthouse. They maintain significance due to the lighthouse being the oldest of the Bass Strait lights, and due to it being one of only four extant pre-1850s lighthouses in Tasmania (criterion a, criterion b).\n\n \n\nLighthouse feature: Stairs\n\n![Photograph showing spiral staircase descending to floor below.](image.050.jpeg)![Photograph showing underside of spiral staircase ascending to floor above.](image.051.jpeg)![Photograph showing underside of spiral staircase ascending to floor above. ](image.052.jpeg)© AMSA 2022\n\nCast iron spiral stair integrated with central weight tube/column, rising from the ground floor to a floor two storeys below the lantern floor. The stair structure is free-standing, independent of the stone tower.\n\nCast iron treads/riser units with lattice treads are bolted to one another and to the weight tube, the connecting bolts extend vertically as balusters supporting a wrought iron handrail on the outside of the flight.\n\nA separate flight of stairs, with a wrought iron outer string, leads from the lower intermediate floor to the one below the lantern floor.\n\nThe internal tower stairs are an essential part of the lighthouse. They maintain their significance due to the lighthouse being the oldest of the Bass Strait lights, and due to it being one of only four extant pre-1850 lighthouses (criterion a, criterion b).\n\nLighthouse feature: Ground floor\n\n![Photograph showing ground floor of lighthouse. One large central column is fixed to centre of room with a spiral staircase wrapped around it. ](image.053.jpeg)![Photograph showing curved wall of ground floor. Racks line the walls which hold large batteries. ](image.054.jpeg) \n\n1845 stone floor with later concrete topping.\n\n Equipment – batteries on racks mounted against the tower walls at ground floor level; control equipment\n\n wall mounted.\n\nHeritage significance: high\n\nThe ground floor is both an original and essential part of the lighthouse. It maintains significance due to the lighthouse being the odlest of the Bass Strait lights, and due to it being one of only four extant pre-1850 lighthouses in Tasmania (criterion a, criterion b).\n\n \n\nLighthouse feature: Tower apron\n\n![Photograph showing curved concrete apron wrapped around white wall and bordered by grassy vegetation.](image.055.jpeg)© AMSA 2022\n\nLater thin concrete apron slab of unknown date placed around the base of the tower.\n\n| Finish: | bare concrete surface |\n| -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | some settlement cracks appearing on concrete slab |\n| Integrity: | medium |\n| Significance: | low |\n| Maintenance: | monitor condition |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nLighthouse feature: Solar array\n\n![Photograph showing solar panel racks surrounded by grassy vegetation.](image.056.jpeg)© AMSA 2022\n\nSolar panels mounted on aluminium stands affixed to concrete foundations at the base of the tower.\n\n| Integrity: | not assessed |\n\nLighthouse feature: Oil store\n\n![Photograph showing small, white store house surrounded by grassy vegetation.](image.057.jpeg)![Photograph of a sign that reads Oil Store.](image.058.jpeg)\n\n![Photograph showing inside of store house. Two ladders lean up against a wall and a small bench is situated in the centre of the room.](image.059.jpeg)![Photograph showing front door of small store house. ](image.060.jpeg)\n\n1938 timber framed, gable roofed building on concrete slab floor. 2012 CFC sheeted and lined externally and internally. 2012 stainless steel corrugated roofing sheets, gutters and downpipes.\n\nDouble hung windows are boarded up. No equipment in place. Concrete water tank attached.\n\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| -------------------- | ------------------------------------- |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | prepare and repaint parts as required |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nThe oil store is an essential part of the lightstation. It maintains significance due to the lightstation being the oldest of the Bass Strait lights, and due to it being one of only four extant pre-1850s lightstation in Tasmania (criterion a, criterion b).\n\n \n\nLighthouse feature: Remnant floor slab\n\n![Photograph showing grey concrete slab surrounded by grassy vegetation.](image.061.jpeg)© AMSA 2022\n\nConcrete floor slab remaining from a demolished building (function not known). This is the structure currently used as a helipad.\n\n| Condition: | many cracks throughout slab, but still sound |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |\n| Integrity: | medium |\n| Significance: | moderate |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: Moderate\n\nThe helipad is an essential part of the lightstation and was originally a building.\n\n \n\n4.2 Related object and associated AMSA artefact\n\nThere are no AMSA artefacts located on-site at Swan Island Lighthouse.\n\n4.3 Comparative analysis\n\nExhibiting similar stylistic features, both Swan Island Lighthouse, first lit 1845, and Goose Island Lighthouse, first lit 1846, were built by ex-convict Charles Watson and his team of prisoners. Both masonry towers were constructed of cement rendered rubble stone and fitted with a catadioptric lens with silvered mirrors (see figure 19). In 1872, Swan Island’s mirrors were removed and fitted in the Goose Island lantern room. Located on isolated islands, the two towers are situated approximately 54.5 km apart in Bass Strait and are considered to be the two major coastal lights operating north-east of Tasmania.\n\n![Photograph showing white lighthouse tower against blue sky](image.062.jpeg)![Photograph of white lighthouse tower and small service building standing beside rocky coastline.](image.063.jpeg)\n\nFigure 14. Goose Island Lighthouse (Source: ASMA, 2019)\n\nFigure 15. Swan Island Lighthouse (Source: AMSA, 2019)\n\n \n\n![Decorative cover page, reads 5. Heritage Significance ](image.064.jpeg) \n\n","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Heritage significance","content":" 5 Heritage significance\n\n5.1 Commonwealth heritage list – Swan Island Lighthouse\n\nThe following information is taken from the Swan Island Lighthouse listing on the Commonwealth Heritage List (Place ID: 105598).\n\nCommonwealth heritage list – statement of significance\n\nSwan Island Lighthouse, completed in 1845, is significant as an integral part of Bass Strait’s mid-nineteenth century lighthouse network, and was constructed at a time when shipping was increasing between Melbourne, Hobart and Launceston. It was built using convict labour, which demonstrates the continuing role of convicts in the construction of government facilities in Tasmania during the 1840s. It also represents an early example of co-operation between Australian colonies in sharing costs and responsibilities for mutual benefit. The intact and vestigial 1930s buildings reflect the ongoing development of the lighthouse over a considerable period of time. (Criterion A) (Themes: 3.8.1 Shipping to and from Australian ports, 3.16.1 Dealing with hazards and disasters).\n\nThe Lighthouse is of further significance for being the oldest lighthouse in Bass Strait and for being one of four extant pre-1850 lighthouses in Tasmania. (Criterion B).\n\nSwan Island Lighthouse is significant for its association with Sir John Franklin, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen’s Land, who inhabited the establishment of the light (Criterion H).\n\nThe tower is of a distinctive design and form of construction for having a rendered rubble base and shaft, contrasting with a smooth freestone capital (Criterion F and B).\n\nThe lighthouse is a prominent feature and a major landmark on the coastline of this low, windswept island. Consequently, it has notable aesthetic values (Criterion E).\n\nCommonwealth heritage values – criteria\n\nThere are nine criteria for inclusion in the Commonwealth Heritage List – meeting any one of these is sufficient for listing a place. These criteria are similar to those used in other Commonwealth, state and local heritage legislation, although thresholds differ. In the following sections, Swan Island Lighthouse is discussed in relation to each of the criteria as based on the current Commonwealth Heritage Listing Place ID 105598.\n\n| Criterion | Relevant Attributes Identified | Explanation |\n| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Criterion A – ProcessesThis criterion is satisfied by places that have significant heritage value because of [their] importance in the course, or pattern, of Australia’s natural or cultural history. | The whole of the lighthouse, its historical relationship with nearby structures plus its landscape setting. | Swan Island Lighthouse, completed in 1845, is significant as an integral part of Bass Strait’s mid-nineteenth century lighthouse network, and was constructed at a time when shipping was increasing between Melbourne, Hobart and Launceston. It was built using convict labour, which demonstrates the continuing role of convicts in the construction of government facilities in Tasmania during the 1840s. It also represents an early example of co-operation between Australian colonies in sharing costs and responsibilities for mutual benefit. The intact and vestigial 1930s buildings reflect the ongoing development of the lighthouses over a considerable period of time. |\n| Criterion B – RarityThis criterion is satisfied by places that have significant heritage value because of [their] possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of Australia’s natural or cultural history. | The structure’s age, its original fabric, its rendered rubble base and shaft and its smooth freestone capital. | The lighthouse is of further significance for being the oldest lighthouse in Bass Strait and for being one of four extant pre-1850 lighthouses in Tasmania. The tower is of a distinctive design and form of construction for having a rendered rubble base and shaft, contrasting with a smooth freestone capital. |\n| Criterion E – Aesthetic characteristicsThis criterion is satisfied by places that have significant heritage value because of [their] importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics values by a community or cultural group. | Its prominence and natural landscape setting. | The lighthouse is a prominent feature and major landmark on the coastline of this low, windswept island. Consequently it has notable aesthetic values. |\n| Criterion F – Technical achievementThis criterion is satisfied by places that have significant heritage value because of [their] importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period. | A contrasting rubble-stone base with smooth freestone capital. | The tower is of a distinctive design and form of construction for having a rendered rubble base and shaft, contrasting with a smooth freestone capital. |\n| Criterion H – SignificantpeopleThis criterion is satisfied by places that have significant heritage value because of [their] special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in Australia’s cultural history. | Not clarified. | Swan Island Lighthouse is significant for its association with Sir John Franklin, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen’s Land, who initiated the establishment of the light. |\n\n 5.2 TAS State Heritage Register – Swan Island Lighthouse\n\nThe following information is taken directly from the Swan Island Lighthouse listing on the Tasmanian Heritage Register (THR ID: 1418).\n\nTAS State Register – statement of significance\n\nNo statement is provided for places listed prior to 2007.\n\nTAS State Register – criteria\n\nThe Heritage Council may enter a place in the Heritage Register if it meets one or more of the following criteria from the Historic Cultural Heritage Act (1995).\n\n| Criterion | Explanation/evidence |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| A. The place is important to the course or pattern of Tasmania’s history. | The Lighthouse stands as a monument to the convict period when convict labour was used extensively in the construction of Government facilities. |\n| C. The place has the potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Tasmania’s history. | Swan Island Lightstation, built in 1845, is significant as an integral part of a network of early Bass Strait lights which includes Goose Island, Deal Island and Cape Otway. The system represents the first example of co-operation between Australian Colonies in sharing costs and responsibilities for mutual benefit. |\n| D. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of place in Tasmania’s history. | Swan Island Lighthouse is of historic heritage significance because it represents the principal characteristics of an Old Colonial Georgian light station. |\n| E. The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement. | The light tower is significant as one of the four pre-1850 light towers in the state of Tasmania. Its method of construction, using rubble-rendered quartzite for the base and shaft, and freestone for the capital is distinctive in design. The high level of intactness of the tower, accompanied with the other original buildings in the light station adds to its aesthetic appeal, and is an important rural coastal landmark. |\n| F. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social or spiritual reasons. | Swan Island Lightstation is of historic heritage significance as a dramatic landmark feature valued by the community. |\n| G. The place has a special association with the life or works of a person, or groups of persons, of importance in Tasmania’s history. | The Swan Island Lighthouse is significant for its association with Sir John Franklin, the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen’s, who initiated its establishment. |\n\nThese heritage values, identified and explained in the Commonwealth heritage list and the State Heritage Register, will form the basis of the management of Swan Island Lighthouse. In the event of necessary works, all criteria will be consulted to inform best practice management of the values associated with the lighthouse. (See Section 7. Conservation management policies for further information on strategies to conserve Swan Island Lighthouse’s heritage values).\n\n 5.3 Condition and integrity of the Commonwealth heritage values\n\nA heritage monitoring program was implemented in 2016. Each site is visited and reviewed every two years where the heritage fabric and values of the site are evaluated. Assessment of the condition and integrity of lighthouse's values are derived from the latest available Heritage Asset Condition Report produced by AMSA’s maintenance contractor.\n\n‘Condition’ is measured on a Good – Fair – Poor scale and incorporates the current condition of the specific value. Integrity is measured on a High – Medium – Low scale which incorporates the value’s intactness.\n\nAs a whole, the heritage values of Swan Island Lighthouse demonstrate good condition. All attributes of the heritage values are sound. The heritage values of the lighthouse are considered intact and maintain a high integrity.\n\n| Criteria | Values (including attributes) | Condition | Integrity |\n| ---------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------- | --------- |\n| Processes | The lighthouse’s value as an integral part of Bass Strait’smid-nineteenth century lighthouse network, and its association with the continuation of convicts in the construction of government facilities in Tasmania during the 1840s. | Good | High |\n| Rarity | The lighthouse’s value as the oldest lighthouse in Bass Strait and as one of four extant pre-1850 Tasmanian lighthouses, and for its distinctive design and form of construction. | Good | High |\n| e) Aesthetic characteristics | The lighthouse’s value as an aesthetic feature and majorlandmark on Swan Island. | Good | High |\n| f) Technical achievement | The lighthouse’s value as a tower composed of a distinctive design and form of construction. | Good | High |\n| h) Significant people | The lighthouse’s value as a tower associated with renowned Sir John Franklin. | Good | High |\n\n 5.4 Gain or loss of heritage values\n\nEvidence for the potential gain or loss of heritage values will be documented within this section of future versions of this heritage management plan.\n\n \n\n![Decorative cover page, reads 6. Opportunities and constraints](image.065.jpeg) \n\n","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Opportunities and constraints","content":" 6 Opportunities and constraints\n 6.1 Implications arising from significance\n\nThe Commonwealth Statement of Significance (section 5.1 above) demonstrates Swan Island Lighthouse is a place of considerable heritage value due to its contribution to the development of mid-nineteenth century shipping within Bass Strait, its original fabric, rarity, aesthetic, its standing as the oldest lighthouse in Bass Strait, and its unique design.\n\nThe implication arising from this assessment is that key aspects of the place should be conserved to retain this significance. The key features requiring conservation include:\n\n Continued use of the lighthouse as an AtoN\n Architectural quality of the building\n Interior spaces and features, which are notable for their design, details and/or their original lighthouse function. These include:\n\n intermediate landings (including original landing markers)\n ground floor\n 1845 lantern base\n lantern room\n 1893 staircase\n\n External spaces and features, which are notable for their design, details, and/or their original lighthouse function. These include:\n\n lantern roof\n glazing openings\n balcony\n walls\n window and door openings\n oil store\n building remnant\n\nReferral and approvals of action\n\nThe EPBC Act requires approval from the Minister for the Environment for all actions likely to have a significant impact on matters of National Environmental Significance (NES).\n\nThe Act provides that actions:\n\n taken on Commonwealth land which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment will require the approval of the Minister.\n\n taken outside Commonwealth land which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment on Commonwealth land, will require the approval by the Minister.\n\n taken by the Australian Government or its agencies which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere will require approval by the Minister.\n\nThe definition of ‘environment’ in the EPBC Act and EPBC Regulations includes the cultural heritage values of places.\n\n \n\nHeritage strategy\n\nIf an Australian Government agency owns or controls one or more places with Commonwealth heritage values, it must prepare a heritage strategy within two years from the first time they own or control a heritage place (section 341ZA).\n\nA heritage strategy is a written document that integrates heritage conservation and management within an agency’s overall property planning and management framework. Its purpose is to help an agency manage and report on the steps it has taken to protect and conserve the commonwealth heritage values of the properties under its ownership or control.\n\nThe heritage strategy for AMSA’s AtoN assets was completed and approved by the Commonwealth Minister for the Environment in 2018 and reviewed in 2022. The latest version of the Strategy is available online.P37F[\\[35\\]](#_edn35)\n\nHeritage Asset Condition Report\n\nA heritage asset condition report is a written document that details the heritage fabric of a site with an in-depth description of each architectural and structural element. The document includes: a brief history of the site, the Commonwealth Heritage statement of significance and value criteria, a heritage significance rating for each individual element, and a catalogue of artefacts on-site. The document is also accompanied by up-to-date photos of each structural element. This document operates as a tool for heritage monitoring, and is reviewed and updated biennially.\n\nAboriginal heritage significance\n\nSwan Island as a whole is notable for its Aboriginal heritage significance. Although known heritage and cultural sites lie outside of the Commonwealth heritage listing curtilage and AMSA’s lease, the potential remains for future works at the lighthouse to impact Aboriginal heritage values. At the time this plan was written, no plans have been made for future works at Swan Island Lighthouse. In the event major works at the lighthouse are to be carried out, AMSA will seek to minimise impacts to the surrounding area by:\n\n Utilising specific access tracks to ensure no damage to surrounding vegetation,\n Ensuring project footprint is limited to the AMSA lease. In any instance that work is required outside of this footprint, approvals will be sought from the appropriate stakeholders,\n Consulting with the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (Aboriginal Heritage Tasmania), the Cape Barren Aboriginal Association, the Aboriginal Land Council of Tasmania, and other relevant stakeholders in the event heritage artefacts/sites are uncovered or suspected during works.\n\n 6.2 Framework: sensitivity to change\n\nOwing to the site’s historic value, rarity, aesthetic qualities, technical achievement, and association with significant people, Swan Island Lighthouse is of high significance. Therefore, work actioned by AMSA on the lighthouse’s fabric harnesses the potential to reduce or eradicate the significance of the site’s heritage values.\n\nConservation works, including restoration and reconstruction, or adaption works of the absolute minimum so as to continue the lighthouse’s usefulness as an AtoN are the only works that should be actioned by AMSA on Swan Island Lighthouse. Some exceptions are made for health and safety requirements, however any and all work carried out must be conducted in line with heritage considerations and requirements of the EPBC Act.\n\nThe table below demonstrates the level of sensitivity attributed to the various elements of the fabric register in the face of change. These are measured on a High-Moderate-Low spectrum depending on the action’s possible threat to the site’s heritage values.\n\nHigh sensitivity\n\nHigh sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose a major threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, or the lightstation as a whole. A major threat is one that would lead to substantial or total loss of the heritage value.\n\nModerate sensitivity\n\nModerate sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose a moderate threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, or would pose a threat to the heritage significance of a specific fabric in another part of the building. A moderate threat is one that would diminish the heritage value, or diminish the ability of an observer to appreciate the value.\n\nLow sensitivity\n\nLow sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose little to no threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, and would pose little to no threat to heritage significance in another part of the building.\n\n

Component

Level of sensitivity

Nature of change impacting heritage values

Swan Island Lighthouse structure

High

  • Changes to façade materials and design.

  • Reduction of all-round visibility of the structure and its setting on Swan Island.

Low

  • Repainting of structure in like colours.
  • Removal of asbestos and lead paint or other toxic materials.

  • Repairs to apron paving.

Ground floor

High

  • Changes to façade materials and design.

Low

  • Repainting of ground floor in like colours.

  • Removal, movement or replacement of battery cabinets.

1893 staircase and intermediate floors

High

  • Removal of original intermediate landing markers.

  • Removal of remaining two intermediate landings.

  • Removal of 1893 staircase.

Low

  • Repainting of the intermediate landings in like colours.

  • Repainting of staircase in like colours.

  • Corrosion repairs to stairs and landings.

Balcony

High

  • Changes to façade materials and design.

Low

  • Replacement of recent balustrade railings.

  • Repainting of balcony floor in like colours.

1845 lantern base

High

  • Removal of the original external catwalk markers.

  • Alteration to original vent openings.

Moderate

  • Removal of remaining original vent regulator.

Low

  • Removal or replacement of recent vent regulators.

Lantern room and roof

High

  • Removal of original cast metal ribs and top ring.

Medium

  • Removal of hand holds.

  • Significant alteration to early lantern room door.

Low

  • Removal or replacement of cast cowl ventilators.

  • Repainting of lantern room, astragals and glazing strips in like colours.

  • Replacement of blanking panels.

  • Replacement of lantern glazing panes.

  • Alteration to access hole opening.

  • Corrosion repairs to lantern floor

Lens assembly and pedestal

Low

  • Replacement of LED Nova-250 beacon.

  • Changing of light’s character.

  • Replacement of pedestal.

Door and windows

High

  • Alteration to original door and window openings.

Moderate

  • Alteration to, or replacement of, timber framed and sheeted door and timber door frame.

Low

  • Alteration to, or replacement of, metal window frames and sashes.

  • Replacement of window panes.

  • Repainting of door in like colours.

Oil store

High

  • Changes to original façade materials or design.

Low

  • Alteration to or replacement of 2012 CFC sheets.

  • Alteration to or replacement of 2012 stainless steel corrugated roofing sheets, gutters and downpipes.

  • Repainting of oil store in like colours.

Building remnant

High

  • Removal of slab.

Low

  • Repairs to cracks in concrete.

\n```\n\n 6.3 Statutory and legislative requirements\n\nThe following table outlines legislation relevant to Swan Island Lighthouse and its heritage.\n\n| Act or code | Description |\n| --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) | The Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) requires agencies to prepare management plans that satisfy the obligations included in Schedule 7A and 7B of the EPBC Regulations. |\n| Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (Cth) | The DCCEEW has determined these principles as essential for guidance in managing heritage properties.The objective in managing Commonwealth Heritage places is to identify, protect, conserve, present and transmit, to all generations, their Commonwealth Heritage values.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should use the best available knowledge, skills and standards for those places, and include ongoing technical and community input to decisions and actions that may have a significant impact on their Commonwealth Heritage values.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should respect all heritage values of the place and seek to integrate, where appropriate, any Commonwealth, state, territory and local government responsibilities for those places.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should ensure that their use and presentation is consistent with the conservation of their Commonwealth Heritage values.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should make timely and appropriate provision for community involvement, especially by people who:(a) have a particular interest in, or associations with, the place; and(b) may be affected by the management of the place;Indigenous people are the primary source of information on the value of their heritage and that the active participation of Indigenous people in identification, assessment and management is integral to the effective protection of Indigenous heritage values.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should provide for regular monitoring, review and reporting on the conservation of Commonwealth Heritage values. |\n| AMSA Heritage Strategy 2022 | As the custodian of many iconic sites, AMSA has long recognised the importance of preserving their cultural heritage.This Heritage Strategy is in response to section 341ZA of the EPBC Regulations which obliges AMSA to prepare and maintain a heritage strategy, along with obliging AMSA to:Assist in identification, assessment and monitoring of places of heritage value in its care;Prepare and maintain a register of its places of heritage value;Protect the heritage value of places when they are sold or leased;Provide this heritage strategy, and any subsequent major updates, to the relevant minister.The strategy derives from the AMSA Corporate Plan and achievements are reported through the AMSA Annual Report. The 2020-21 AMSA Annual report can be found online.P38F[36] |\n| Navigation Act 2012 (Cth) | Part 5 of the Act outlines AMSA’s power to establish, maintain and inspect marine aids to navigation (such as Swan Island Lighthouse).(1) AMSA may:(a) establish and maintain aids to navigation; and(b) add to, alter or remove any aid to navigation that is owned or controlled by AMSA; and(c) vary the character of any aid to navigation that is owned or controlled by AMSA.(2) AMSA, or person authorised in writing by AMSA may, at any reasonable time of the day or night:(a) inspect any aid to navigation or any lamp or light which, in the opinion of AMSA or the authorised person, may affect the safety or convenience of navigation, whether the aid to navigation of the lamp or light is the property of:(i) a state or territory; or(ii) an agency of a state or territory; or(iii) any other person; and(b) enter any property, whether public or private, for the purposes of an inspection under paragraph (a); and(c) transport, or cause to be transported, any good through any property, whether public or private, for any purpose in connection with:(i) the maintenance of an aid to navigation that is owned or controlled by AMSA; or(ii) the establishment of any aid to navigation by AMSA. |\n| Australian Heritage Council Act 2003 (Cth) | This Act establishes the Australian Heritage Council, whose functions are:to make assessments under Division 1A and 3A of Part 15 of the EPBC Act 1999;to advise the Minister on conserving and protecting places included, or being considered for inclusion, in the National Heritage List or Commonwealth Heritage List;to nominate places for inclusion in the National Heritage List or Commonwealth Heritage List;to promote the identification, assessment, conservation and monitoring of heritage;to keep the Register of the National Estate;to organise and engage in research and investigations necessary for the performance of its functions;to provide advice directly to any person or body or agency either if its own initiative of at the request of the Minister; andto make reports as outlined in the Act. |\n| TAS Historic Cultural Heritage Act 1995 (Tas) | This Act establishes the Tasmanian Heritage Council.7 General functions and powers of Heritage Council(1) The functions of the Heritage council are –(a) to advise the Minister on matters relating to Tasmania's historic cultural heritage and the measures necessary to conserve that heritage for the benefit of the present community and future generations; and(b) to work within the planning system to achieve the proper protection of Tasmania's historic cultural heritage; and(c) to co-operate and collaborate with Federal, State and local authorities in the conservation of places of historic cultural heritage significance; and(d) to encourage and assist in the proper management of places of historic cultural heritage significance; and(e) to encourage public interest in, and understanding of, issues relevant to the conservation of Tasmania's historic cultural heritage; and(f) to encourage and provide public education in respect of Tasmania's historic cultural heritage; and(g) to assist in the promotion of tourism in respect of places of historic cultural heritage significance; and(h) to keep proper records, and encourage others to keep proper records, of places of historic cultural heritage significance; and(i) to perform any other function the Minister determines.(2) The Heritage Council may do anything necessary or convenient to perform its functions. |\n| Building Code of Australia/ National Construction Code | The Code is the definitive regulatory resource for building construction, providing a nationally accepted and uniform approach to technical requirements for the building industry. It specifies matters relating to building work in order to achieve a range of health and safety objectives, including fire safety.As far as possible, Commonwealth agencies aim to achieve compliance with the Code, although this may not be entirely possible because of the nature of and constraints provided by existing circumstances, such as an existing building. |\n| Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (Cth) | The objectives of this Act include:(1) The main object of this Act is to provide for a balanced and nationally consistent framework to secure the health and safety of workers and workplaces by:a) protecting workers and other persons against harm to their health, safety and welfare through the elimination or minimisation of risks arising from work; andb) providing for fair and effective workplace representation, consultation, co‑operation and issue resolution in relation to work health and safety; andc) encouraging unions and employer organisations to take a constructive role in promoting improvements in work health and safety practices, and assisting persons conducting businesses or undertakings and workers to achieve a healthier and safer working environment; andd) promoting the provision of advice, information, education and training in relation to work health and safety; ande) securing compliance with this Act through effective and appropriate compliance and enforcement measures; andf) ensuring appropriate scrutiny and review of actions taken by persons exercising powers and performing functions under this Act; andg) providing a framework for continuous improvement and progressively higher standards of work health and safety; andh) maintaining and strengthening the national harmonisation of laws relating to work health and safety and to facilitate a consistent national approach to work health and safety in this jurisdiction.(2) In furthering subsection (1)(a), regard must be had to the principle that workers and other persons should be given the highest level of protection against harm to their health, safety and welfare from hazards and risks arising from work as is reasonably practicable.[Quoted from Division 2 of Act]This has implications for Swan Island Lighthouse of Australia as it is related to AMSA staff, contractors and visitors. |\n\n 6.4 Operational requirements\n\nAs a working AtoN, the operational needs of Swan Island Lighthouse are primarily concerned with navigational requirements. Below are the operational details and requirements of the Swan Island light as outlined by AMSA.\n\nNavigational requirement for AMSA’s AtoN site\n\nThe following table is taken from AMSA’s Asset Management Strategy for the Swan Island Light.\n\n| 1 | Objective/rationale | An AtoN is required at the north-east end of Swan Island to mark the island and to warn of the nearby dangers including several rocks, shallows, wrecks and other islets to the north-west and south.The AtoN is required as a mark for coastal navigation for ships transiting north-west / south-east through the eight mile wide Banks Strait between Tasmania and the Furneaux Group of islands. |\n| --- | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| 2 | Required type(s) of AtoN | A fixed structure is required to act as a day mark.A distinctive light is required for use at night. |\n| 3 | Priority/significance | An AtoN at this site is important for the navigation of commercial ships. |\n| 4 | Required measure of performance | The service performance of the AtoN must comply with the IALA Availability Target Category 2 (99.0%). |\n| 5 | Primary and secondary means (if any) of identification | The day mark must be conspicuous. The existing 27m white masonry tower and lantern at an elevation of 30m meets this requirement.The light must comply with the requirements of rhythmic characters of light as per the IALA NAVGUIDE. The light must have distinct characteristics that are easy to recognise and identify. The present flashing white light every 7.5 seconds meets this requirement. |\n| 6 | Visual range | During daytime, the AtoN structure should be visible from at least 5 nautical miles.At night, the white light must have a nominal range of at least 15 nautical miles. |\n| 7 | Radar conspicuousness | As the island on which the AtoN is located provides a good radar echo, no further radar enhancement is required. |\n\n 6.5 Occupier needs\n\nAMSA’s goals\n\nAMSA is responsible, under the Navigation Act, for maintaining a network of marine AtoN around Australia’s coastline that assist mariners to make safe and efficient passages. AMSA’s present network of approximately 500 marine AtoN includes traditional lighthouses such as Swan Island Lighthouse, beacons, buoys, racons, automatic identification system stations, metocean sensors including broadcasting tide gauges, current meter, directional wave rider buoys and a weather station.\n\nTechnological developments in the area of vessel traffic management have also contributed to increasing navigation safety and helped promote marine environment protection. AMSA aims to meet international standards for the reliability of lighthouses set by the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA).\n\nAt the time of preparing this management plan, the major goal for Swan Island Lighthouse primarily encompasses its continued utilisation as an AtoN (for as long as necessary), while upkeeping the appropriate maintenance to conserve and preserve the heritage values of the lightstation.\n\nLighthouse performance standards\n\nAMSA aims to meet international standards for the reliability of lighthouses set by IALA. The Swan Island light is designated as an IALA Availability Category 2 AtoN (within a scale of Category 1 to Category 3, Category 1 aids are most critical). Category 2 aids have an availability target of 99.0 per cent.\n\nAccess to the lighthouse\n\nOne practical effect of this performance standard is that the operational equipment and structure of the light need to be kept in good repair by regular preventative maintenance and equipment that fails in service is repaired quickly. Routine maintenance and emergency repairs are carried out by AMSA’s maintenance contractor. The contractor needs reliable access to the site for this work, and AMSA officers need access for occasional inspections of the site including auditing the contractor’s performance.\n\n 6.6 Proposals for change\n\nPreventative maintenance works are carried out on the lighthouse to maintain its status as a working marine AtoN, and to assist in the site’s conservation.\n\nA list of scheduled preventative maintenance work is identified within the latest available site inspection report. The information provided below was taken from this report.\n\n| Maintenance description | Estimated maintenance date |\n| --------------------------- | -------------------------- |\n| Annual service | 2023 |\n| Reseal lantern room glazing | 2026 |\n| Solar panels changeout | 2030 |\n| Structure paint | 2030 |\n| Lantern change | 2030 |\n\n 6.7 Potential pressures\n\nA significant pressure that harnesses the potential to effect the Commonwealth heritage values of the place would be the obligation to remove or replace original fabric materials from the lighthouse owing to unavoidable and irreversible deterioration. At the time of preparing this management plan, no plans have been made to remove original fabric material. In the event plans are made to modify or remove original fabric, work will be conducted in line with the heritage considerations and requirements of the EPBC Act.\n\n \n\n 6.8 Processes for decision-making\n\nProcesses for decision-making are required in the event of an incident that impacts the heritage values of the site. The following incidents are included due to their likelihood of occurrence at Swan Island Lighthouse.\n\n| Incident | Procedure |\n| -------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Major project/maintenance works proposed | Prepare Heritage Impact Statement on proposed modifications.Submit scope of works and Heritage Impact Statement to the DCCEEW and the Tasmanian Heritage Council for review. |\n| Damage to lighthouse’s fabric (heritage significance) | AMSA or selected contractors assess extent of damage.Seek heritage advice on restoration of heritage fabric impacted.Identify possible loss of heritage value (at both state and Commonwealth level).Seek the appropriate approvals for restoration of heritage fabric impacted.Implement best practice management of restoration work in keeping with the original character of the place.In the case of a loss of heritage value, prepare report for submission.Update record-keeping of incident and make available to relevant personnel. |\n| Damage to lighthouse’s fabric (no heritage significance) | AMSA or selected contractors to assess extent of damage.Identify possible impact on heritage fabric in any work carried out to restore fabric.Implement best practice management of restoration work.Update record-keeping of incident and make available to relevant personnel. |\n| Light upgrade | Assess possible loss of heritage value in the event of an upgrade.If necessary, seek expert heritage advice on process of upgrade.If necessary, seek heritage approvals for the upgrade of light.Implement best practice management of light upgrade work.Update record-keeping and make available to relevant personnel. |\n| Modification to lighthouse such as adding of attachment | Assess possible obstruction to light.Seek heritage approvals for attachment to tower.Monitor attachment and update record-keeping. |\n| Unforeseen discovery of Aboriginal artefacts on-site. | Immediate stop-work. Create temporary 'buffer' zone and allow no entry in zone until artefacts have been assessed by appropriate personnel.Notify Aboriginal Land Council of Tasmania, Cape Barren Aboriginal Association, and Aboriginal Heritage Tasmania as soon as possible.Delay work on site until artefacts have been appropriately assessed, and/or extracted and further investigations carried out in surrounding area.Update record-keeping of unforeseen discovery and make available to relevant personnel. |\n| Divestment of lighthouse from AMSA | Transfer ownership or control of heritage assets to the Minister administering the Crown Lands Act (TAS).Terminate lease of Swan Island site with the Minister administering the Crown Lands Act (TAS).Transfer relevant records and historical information held by AMSA to the Minister administering the Crown Lands Act (TAS). |\n\n \n\n \n\n![Decorative cover page, reads 7. Conservation management principles and policies ](image.066.jpeg) \n\n","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Conservation management principles and policies","content":" 7 Conservation management principles and policies\n\nPolicies\n\nNote: The management of sensitive information is not relevant to AMSA’s heritage strategy and therefore bears no relevance in this management plan.\n\nFabric and setting\n\nPolicy 1 – Protect and conserve the significant external and internal fabric of the lightstation, including existing buildings, layout and setting.\n\nAMSA’s main purpose is to facilitate the ongoing operation of the site as a marine AtoN while preserving the site’s heritage values. As part of a heritage monitoring program, Heritage Asset Condition Reports are produced for each site every two years to evaluate the condition of the heritage fabric and values. Routine servicing is also carried out by maintenance contractors. Regular written reports from these visits will be sent to AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness for review and any work requirements identified will be scheduled accordingly. Should for some unforeseen reason the site no longer be viable as a marine AtoN, ownership will be passed to an appropriate state of federal authority to ensure preservation of the heritage assets.\n\n- AtoN Maintenance contractor will continue scheduled periodic maintenance of the lighthouse and marine aids to navigation every 12 months to ensure condition is monitored for early warning of deterioration. Schedule must be approved by AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to arrange for maintenance to be carried out on the lighthouse as required while continuing to operate as an AMSA marine aids to navigation.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to arrange for the replacement and upgrading of marine aids to navigation equipment in the lighthouse as required to meet AMSA’s service commitment, in a manner that preserves the original fabric of the lighthouse.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to maintain information on the heritage fabric of the lighthouse including any and all actions, treatments and inspection outcomes within the heritage fabric register. See section 4.1 for fabric register.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to conserve all the fabric elements identified as significant in the heritage asset condition report.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to seek expert materials conservation advice when considering repair, restoration and reconstruction of historic fabric. The relevant local, state and federal heritage approvals must be sought prior to repair, restoration and reconstruction.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to assess any development proposals to surrounding area for possible impacts on the heritage values of Swan Island Lighthouse, and liaise with the appropriate state and federal heritage authorities.\n- AMSA AtoN Heritage Coordinator to conserve the distinctive character of the lightstation by collecting photographic evidence and historical documentation of the original fabric.\n- AtoN Maintenance Contractor to continue scheduled heritage monitoring visits to Swan Island and update Heritage Asset Condition Reports.\n\nUses\n\nPolicy 2 – Install and operate equipment in the lighthouse, so that it continues to function as an effective marine aid to navigation, in such a way as to impose the least possible harm to the significant fabric.\n\nSwan Island Lighthouse’s use as a working marine AtoN is of high priority. Carrying out maintenance, including upgrades to navigational equipment, is necessary to its function and continued marine safety along the TAS coast. In the event of the installation and/or upgrade to AtoN equipment, proper precaution will be taken to ensure the least possible harm is done to significant fabric.\n\n- AtoN Maintenance Contractor to monitor Swan Island’s AtoN equipment every 12 months and propose maintenance in the instance of necessary installation or removal. Proposed maintenance is to be approved by AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness.\n\n- AtoN Maintenance Contractor and AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to outline all possible risks to significant fabric, external and internal, associated with the installation, removal and operation of equipment.\n\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to ensure works carried out are those that ensure the least possible harm to significant fabric.\n\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to seek expert heritage conservation advice on best practice management of the site during installation, removal and operation of equipment.\n\nPolicy 3 – Monitor possible impacts to the site resulting from tourism, and control appropriate access to the lighthouse for contractors and visitors.\n\nSwan Island Lighthouse is not currently open to the general public, and its location does not allow for easy public access. Access inside the lighthouse is restricted to authorised personnel, such as contractors and AMSA employees. In the event Swan Island Lighthouse were to be opened to tour groups, AMSA personnel and contractors would require easy access to the lighthouse tower for periodical site visits to carry out inspections and routine maintenance. While no public access is possible inside the lighthouse itself, other parts of the Island are utilised for tourism ventures.\n\n- AtoN Maintenance contractor to ensure control on access to all buildings within AMSA’s lease area is maintained by periodically inspecting buildings during maintenance visits every 12 months.\n\n- AtoN Maintenance contractor to inspect lighthouse for signs of wear and tear attributed to visitor intake during yearly maintenance visit, and note changes in Heritage Asset Condition Report.\n\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to ensure access to the lightstation complies with workplace health and safety measures.\n\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to ensure contractors are made aware of the heritage values of the lighthouse.\n\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to ensure access to site is available for Traditional Stakeholders to maintain cultural traditions.\n\nInterpretation\n\nPolicy 4 – Accurate and relevant interpretation of the history and significance of the place should be made available to site users/visitors and for offsite external research.\n\nAMSA will continue to make information available through the maintenance of site interpretive signage and its website.\n\n- All relevant information concerning the history and significance of the place will be checked for accuracy and updated appropriately.\n\n- Information will be presented primarily as online resources accessible to relevant personnel and the general public. On-site interpretative signage will be installed where possible.\n\n- This information will be maintained and updated in accordance with changes to the history and significance of the place.\n\nManagement\n\nPolicy 5 – AMSA will continue to conserve the lighthouse in accordance with Commonwealth and Tasmanian State heritage listing requirements.\n\nFor works requiring heritage approval, AMSA will obtain permission from any relevant state or federal authorities. Continuous and as needed conservation works will be undertaken as required.\n\n- Liaise with the relevant federal and state agencies when proposing work on the site.\n\n- Consult with lessor when proposing work on site.\n\n- Approval in writing must be granted for any proposals for development.\n\nPolicy 6 – The cultural significance of the lightstation will be the basis for deciding how to manage it.\n\nThe heritage values or cultural significance of the place must be conserved. This heritage management plan includes relevant background information to support this policy (see Section 3 History).\n\n- Conserve the lightstation to protect its heritage values (cultural significance).\n\n- When possible, strive to maintain the original fabric of the lightstation.\n\n- Use the Burra Charter as the primary guide for treatment of fabric.\n\n- Engage appropriately qualified heritage consultants when making decisions regarding impact on heritage values.\n\n- Assess impacts on the heritage values of the place when considering proposed alterations or adaptations.\n\nPolicy 7 – Monitor, review and report the Commonwealth heritage values of the Lightstation every five years or sooner if major changes to the lightstation occur.\n\nThe Commonwealth heritage values of the lighthouse are to be monitored and reported on a regular basis. A Heritage Asset Condition Report is updated for Swan Island Lighthouse every two years which records historical information, condition, and maintenance requirements for fabric within the lighthouse to ensure a gain and/or loss of heritage value is identified.\n\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to regularly monitor the lightstation for possible impacts on the identified Commonwealth heritage values.\n\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to review the current Commonwealth heritage values at least once every five years and assess any gain or loss of values. This review must be undertaken in the event of any major alterations to the lightstation.\n\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to report any changes to the Commonwealth heritage values of the lightstation to the DCCEEW (Heritage Branch).\n\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to update AMSA’s heritage strategy and this plan to reflect any changes identified.\n\n AtoN Maintenance Contractor to review and update Heritage Asset Condition Report biennially.\n\nPolicy 8 – Maintain historical, management and maintenance records within AMSA and make available these records.\n\nAs part of the proper process for managing change in significant places, the Burra Charter points out the importance of making records before any change, and advocates placing records in a permanent archive, and making them available where this is appropriate. AMSA’s collection of records, which include documents pertaining to heritage intervention, management and maintenance, are subject to this process. Heritage Asset Condition Reports are routinely generated for each lighthouse and stored in AMSA’s recordkeeping system. AMSA will continue to practice such processes via their Records Management Systems (RMS).\n\n AMSA to maintain, review and update records through existing AMSA RMS as required.\n\n AMSA to ensure records are made available to the relevant personnel and parties as required.\n\nPolicy 9 – Develop and provide appropriate training and resources to all relevant AMSA staff, contractors and licencees.\n\nIn order to ensure best practice management of AMSA-operated lighthouses, all staff, contractors and licencees are required to have access to the appropriate training and resources in order to provide best practice conservation of the site.\n\n- Provide staff, contractors and licencees access to up-to-date versions of the AMSA heritage strategy, heritage management plans and fabric registers.\n\n- When funds are made available, AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness staff will undertake relevant training to ensure comprehension of the Commonwealth heritage and EPBC Act statutory requirements.\n\n- Contractors engaged with heritage sites will undertake appropriate training to ensure comprehension of the Commonwealth heritage and EPBC Act statutory requirements.\n\n- AMSA representatives will attend Commonwealth-run heritage workshops, programs and conferences for up-to-date information on statutory requirements and best-practice management of sites of national and state heritage significance.\n\n- All current and incoming tour guides operating within AMSA lighthouses will be required to take the lighthouse tour guide safety induction e-learning module once every two years to stay informed on heritage values, visitor safety and duty-of-care for the site’s heritage values.\n\nPolicy 10 – Use contractors and service providers with appropriate experience.\n\nAMSA is to ensure parties carrying out work have appropriate knowledge and use effective methods to ensure conservation of the lighthouse.\n\n Engage staff and contractors with the relevant experience and expertise concerning conservation of the lightstation.\n\n Develop and provide the appropriate training on heritage conservation matters for AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness staff and other relevant parties who hold responsibility for heritage management.\n\nPolicy 11 – Seek heritage advice and apply best heritage practice.\n\nAMSA will continue to use in-house heritage expertise, external consultancy, or a combination of both as required in order to successfully apply best heritage practice. Should in-house heritage expertise be limited in responding to a requirement, external heritage expertise will be engaged to address the issue.\n\n Apply in-house heritage expertise when required.\n\n Use tools such as the Burra Charter and Working Together: Managing Commonwealth Heritage Places (Commonwealth of Australia, 2019) to measure the likely impact of proposals.\n\n Seek external heritage expertise in the event of limited in-house capability.\n\nPolicy 12 – Appropriate protocol in the event of unforeseen discoveries or disturbances of heritage within the AMSA site.\n\nAMSA’s scope of work rarely involves excavation. Should such work need be undertaken, AMSA will implement a suitable discovery plan and seek advice from suitably qualified personnel as required. In the event of any unforeseen discovery or disturbance of heritage-related items on the AMSA site, notification to the appropriate organisation will occur in accordance with the conditions of the discovery plan. This plan will also be updated accordingly.\n\nNote: In most cases, AMSA’s leases are limited to the immediate vicinity of the lighthouse and therefore this scenario is not anticipated as a likely occurrence.\n\n Consult Aboriginal Heritage Tasmania, Cape Barren Aboriginal Association, and the Aboriginal Land Council of Tasmania in the event Aboriginal heritage is suspected.\n\n Seek appropriate heritage advice and apply best practice in the event of unforeseen discoveries/disturbances.\n\nPolicy 13 – Make this Heritage Management Plan available to all persons involved in decision-making on the management of the lighthouse and its setting.\n\nThe plan will be made available to all personnel intrinsic to management of the lighthouse and its setting, for example AMSA maintenance contractors, TAS PWS as land manager, staff and other relevant parties.\n\n Provide links to this plan via the AMSA website.\n\n Provide copies to all relevant personnel and parties.\n\nFuture Developments\n\nPolicy 14 – Adaptation of the place using methods or processes that minimise impact on heritage values and significance in accordance with The Burra Charter principles.\n\nIt is likely that over time the lighthouse will house new equipment as technology changes. The Burra Charter principles will be used as the basis for decision-making.\n\n Assess the likely impacts of changes on the heritage values and significance of the place.\n\n Preserve the original fabric of the place and do only what is necessary for the continued use and care of the place.\n\n Engage expert heritage advice and use The Burra Charter in adapting the place.\n\nPolicy 15 – When required, engage with adjacent landowners to maintain an appropriate setting for the lighthouse in its visual and natural context.\n\nAny changes to the surrounding land or AMSA leased area, requires careful consideration. AMSA will liaise with all adjacent landowners in the event of any proposed changes that may affect the setting and attempt to influence a positive outcome.\n\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to engage with adjacent landowners and TAS PWS through consultation when changes are proposed regarding the wider visual and natural context.\n\nPolicy 16 – In the event of adaptive re-use or divestment, which would no longer place the lighthouse under AMSA control, AMSA will strive to ensure the Commonwealth and TAS State heritage values of the site are recognised and preserved.\n\nIn the event Swan Island Lighthouse is no longer identified as a working AtoN, AMSA will withdraw its standing as lessee and hand over all authority to the lessor. This process must be conducted in line with section 341ZE of the EPBC Act.\n\n AMSA will negotiate with lessor to have site lease terminated.\n\n All available heritage information within AMSA’s collection, including this Heritage Management Plan, will be shared with the relevant parties to ensure the Commonwealth and State heritage values of the site are recognised and preserved.\n\nCommunity Involvement\n\nPolicy 17 – Consult with Traditional Stakeholders and wider community in the preparation of the management plan.\n\nAMSA will give Traditional Stakeholders and wider community, as well as the general public, an opportunity to review and comment on this management plan through a public consultation process.\n\n Undertake community consultation when preparing the heritage management plan in accordance with EPBC Regulations.\n\n Seek advice from Traditional Stakeholders and refer to ‘Engage Early – Guidance for proponents on best practice Indigenous engagement for environmental assessments under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)’ to guide consultations[\\[37\\]](#_edn37).\n\nReview\n\nPolicy 18 – Review this plan within 5 years of its adoption or sooner if major changes are needed.\n\nThis plan will be reviewed every five years. This review should:\n\n \\- assess the content of the plan.\n \\- determine its effectiveness in protecting the identified heritage values.\n \\- provide any necessary recommendations for updating or re-writing of the plan. If major changes occur at the site in the interim, this plan will be reviewed and updated earlier than the specified five years.\n\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to review this heritage management plan at least five years after its adoption.\n\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to review and update this heritage management plan in the event of a major change to the lightstation.\n\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to summarise changes implemented within updated plan.\n\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to submit revised plan for approval.\n\n \n\n![Decorative cover page, reads 8. Policy Implementation Plan](image.067.jpeg) \n\n","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Policy implementation plan","content":" 8 Policy implementation plan\n\n 8.1 Plan and schedule\n\n

Key Issue

Management action/task

Policies

Responsibility

Priority

Timeframe

Conservation and preservation

Conserve the lightstation.

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 14

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

High

On-going

Review the heritage management plan every five years.

18

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

Medium

2028 (5 years from registration)

Make this plan available to all relevant personnel.

7, 13

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

High

Ongoing

Liaison dealings

If applicable, ensure communication is maintained with adjacent landowners.

15

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

Medium

As required

Consult with Traditional Stakeholders and wider community in preparing the management plan.

17

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

Medium

As required

Heritage values

Review the Commonwealth heritage values every five years.

7

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

High

2028

Consider heritage values when proposing new planning and/or developments.

5, 6, 7, 14

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator and Project Managers

High

Ongoing

\n```\n\n \n\n

Key Issue

Management action/task

Policies

Responsibility

Priority

Timeframe

Ensure process of re-use or divestment of the site recognises and preserves heritage values.

16

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

High

As required

Conduct heritage monitoring site visit and review Heritage Asset Condition Report every two years.

1, 7

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

High

Once every two years (ongoing)

Staff and community awareness

Develop and provide relevant training and awareness for management personnel (contractors and site-users).

9

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

High

On-going

Ensure the availability of accurate and relevant information on the history and significance of the lightstation for site-users and visitors.

4

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

Medium

Ongoing

Record-keeping/access

Maintain adequate record-keeping of historical, management and maintenance documents. Make these records available.

8

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

High

Ongoing

\n```\n\n \n\n

Key Issue

Management action/task

Policies

Responsibility

Priority

Timeframe

Expert heritage advice

Ensure knowledge and advice of heritage experts is used.

10, 11

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

Medium

As required

Lighthouse maintenance

Schedule periodic maintenance.

1

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

High

Ongoing (reoccurring once every 12 months)

The implementation of unforeseen discovery or disturbance processes in the event of an accidental discovery.

12

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

Medium

As required

Lightstation access

Secure appropriate access to lightstation for contractor and visitors.

3

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

Medium

As required

\n```\n\n 8.2 Monitoring and reporting\n\nAs stipulated by Schedule 7A of the EPBC Regulations, the outlined implementation plan and associated policies listed above are required to be monitored and updated accordingly. The below review process timetable will be adhered to over the next five years:\n\n| Timeframe | Review step | Responsibility |\n| --------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |\n| 2026 | Plan’s half-life internal review:Assess strengths and weaknesses of existing planAddress any known impact to the lighthouse’s heritage values | AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness |\n| 2028 | Plan’s full-life review:Consult with internal and external stakeholders on existing planPrepare updated draft plan and consult with the Heritage BranchSubmit reviewed plan to the Minister | AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness |\n\nOther key actions in monitoring and reporting include:\n\n- ensuring the implementation plan and policies are readily available for all relevant personnel\n- delegating AMSA staff to periodically check the implementation plan is up-to-date and being utilised appropriately by the relevant personnel\n- ensuring the timeframes outlined within the plan are followed\n- delegating AMSA Response staff to review this plan and the associated policies at least every five years and determine whether its contents are relevant and effective in terms of continuing to conserve the place.\n\n \n\n![Decorative cover page, reads 9. Appendices](image.068.jpeg) \n\nAppendix 1. Glossary of heritage conservation terms\n\nThe Burra Charter, from its first (1979) version and its (2013) version, defined a set of terms that have since been widely adopted in Australian heritage conservation practice.\n\nWhere the following terms are used in their heritage management plan, the particular meanings defined in the charter are intended. The definitions are quoted from Article 1 of The Burra Charter.\n\nAdaptation means modifying a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.\n\nAssociations mean the special connections that exist between people and a place.\n\nCompatible use means a use which respects the cultural significance of a place. Such a use involves no, or minimal, impact on cultural significance.\n\nConservation means all the processes of looking after a place to retain its cultural significance.\n\nCultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations. Cultural significance is embodied in the place itself, its fabric, setting, use, associations, meanings, records, related places and related objects. Places may have a range of values for different individuals or groups.\n\nFabric means all the physical material of the place including components, fixtures, contents, and objects.\n\nInterpretation means all the ways of presenting the cultural significance of a place.\n\nMaintenance means the continuous protective care of a place and its setting. Maintenance is to be distinguished from repair which involves restoration or reconstruction.\n\nMeanings denote what a place signifies, indicates, evokes or expresses to.\n\nPlace means a geographically defined area. It may include elements, objects, spaces and view. Place may have tangible and intangible dimensions.\n\nPreservation means maintaining a place in its existing state and retarding deterioration.\n\nReconstruction means returning a place to a known earlier state and is distinguished from restoration by the introduction of new material.\n\nRelated object means an object that contributes to the cultural significance of a place but is not at the place.\n\nRelated place means a place that contributes to the cultural significance of another place.\n\nRestoration means returning a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing elements without the introduction of new material.\n\nSetting means the immediate and extended environment of a place that is part of or contributes to its cultural significance and distinctive character.\n\nUse means the functions of a place, including the activities and traditional and customary practices that may occur at the place or are dependent on the place.\n\n \n\nAppendix 2. Glossary of Historic Lighthouse Terms relevant to Swan Island\n\nA\n\nApron Paving – concrete paving surround the base of the lighthouse tower.\n\nAstragal – bars which support the glazing of a lantern. They may also support the roof. Simply a framing member between the glazing bars in the lantern glazing. In its true meaning an astragal is a moulding that has a rounded profile. In lanterns this is almost never the case.\n\nB\n\nBalcony – walk way around the outside of the lantern, used for maintenance and (formerly, when lighthouses were staffed) for observing ships. Principal parts are the balcony floor and the balcony balustrade.\n\nBalcony Floor – floor of the balcony. Swan Island’s balcony is constructed of slate slab (supported on the tower wall and cornice).\n\nBalcony Balustrade – handrail together with its supports. The supports are called balusters. Simply a railing or wall on the outer perimeter of the balcony, to prevent people from falling off the balcony. Generally made of metal stanchions and rails – Swan Island’s balustrade is of welded stainless steel, with angle section stanchions bolted to the balcony floor at the bottom, with four round tubular rails.\n\nBalcony door – door in the lantern base to give access to the balcony. I\n\nBrass – an alloy of copper and zinc, commonly used for corrosion-resistant fixings and plumbing fittings.\n\nBronze – an alloy of copper and tin.\n\nC\n\nCast iron – mixture of iron and carbon with a relatively high carbon content and a low melting point, produced directly from a blast furnace.\n\nChance Bros – English manufacturer of optical apparatus, lanterns, cast iron stairs, cast iron towers, and other lighthouse components. The Chance family established a glass-making business in Smethwick, England in 1824 and is often described as ‘near Birmingham’. The business was absorbed into the Pilkington group of companies in 1951 and now ceases to exist.\n\nCharacter – pattern of flashes of light emitted by a lighthouse, designed to identify that particular lighthouse.\n\nCopper – red malleable metal of low resistivity.\n\nG\n\nGlazing – middle section of the lantern, circular or polygonal in plan, between the lantern roof above and the lantern base below, made up of glass panes held in a framework of glazing bars and astragals.\n\nI\n\nIntermediate Floors – Levels found mid-way up a building. Swan Island boasts two intermediate landings of slate slabs (carried on rolled iron beams built into the tower walls).\n\nIron – there were two common types of iron used in lighthouse construction; wrought and cast. Older lights will almost certainly contain these iron types. Wrought iron has been worked by hand and is an [iron](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron \"Iron\") [alloy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy \"Alloy\") with a very low [carbon](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon \"Carbon\") content in contrast to [steel](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel \"Steel\"), it also has fibrous [inclusions](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_\\(mineral\\) \"Inclusion (mineral)\"). Cast iron is iron which has been heated until it liquefies, and is then poured into a mould to solidify.\n\nL\n\nLantern – glazed enclosure, usually of cylindrical or polygonal shape, at the top of a lighthouse, which surrounds and protects the optical apparatus. It contains the optical apparatus, made up of the lantern roof, lantern glazing and lantern base sections.\n\nLantern floor – level in a lighthouse at which the lantern is installed, and by which access may be gained to the optical system and to the inside and outside of the lantern glazing. The lantern floor is generally at or near the same level as the catwalk and cane be made from steel, concrete, or timber.\n\nLantern glazing – middle section of the lantern, circular or polygonal in plan, between the lantern roof above and the lantern base below, made up of glass panes held in a framework of glazing bars. On the landward side there may be blank panels in place of glass, or other opaque construction. Types of lantern glazing include: flat & curved trapezoidal panes and curved diamond/triangular panes. Swan Island utilises flat rectangular glass panes.\n\nLantern roof – roof of the lantern. Usually made of copper sheeting over a framework of rafters.\n\nLens assembly – transparent optically refracting element of glass. The surface is usually spherical in form.\n\nLight source – electric bulbs now illuminate most lighthouses.\n\nLighthouse – the principal structure of a lightstation, generally made up of a lantern, balcony and tower.\n\nLightstation – precinct containing a lighthouse structure and other related buildings, for example. Keepers’ cottages, store room, signal house.\n\nO\n\nOrder – a shorthand expression of the size of an optical apparatus or lantern. At the time the system of orders was established, when kerosene burners were used, longer range lights needed larger burners, and larger burners needed lens assemblies of longer focal length to ensure a sharply defined beam. Thus in turn the lantern rooms were required to be larger to house these lens assemblies. AMSA historic lantern rooms range from 1st to 4th order.\n\nP\n\nPedestal – part of the optical apparatus, consisting of a metal column or base standing on the balcony floor inside the lantern and supporting the lens assembly and light source. Some later Chance documentation (such as their tariffs 1908) also refer to the lantern base as a pedestal.\n\nT\n\nTower – structure to support the lantern at a sufficient height above the ground. The most common types are the masonry tower, timber-framed tower, cast iron tower, and lattice tower.\n\n \n\nAppendix 3. Table demonstrating compliance with the EPBC Regulations\n\n

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (Cth) Schedule 7A – Management Plans for Commonwealth Heritage Places

Legislation

Satisfied within

A management plan must:

(a) Establish objectives for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission of the Commonwealth Heritage values of the place; and

Section 1 – Introduction

(b) Provide a management framework that

includes reference to any statutory

requirements and agency mechanisms for

the protection of the Commonwealth

heritage values of the place; and

Section 1 – Introduction

(c) Provide a comprehensive description of the

place, including information about its

location, physical features, condition,

historical context and current uses; and

Section 2 – Swan Island Lightstation site

Section 3 - History

Section 4 - Fabric

(d) Provide a description of the

Commonwealth heritage values and any

other heritage values of the place; and

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(e) Describe the condition of the

Commonwealth heritage values of the

place; and

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(f) Describe the method used to assess the

Commonwealth heritage values of the

place; and

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(g) Describe the current management

requirements and goals including

proposals for change and any potential

pressures on the Commonwealth heritage

values of the place; and

Section 6 – Opportunities and constraints

(h) Have policies to manage the

Commonwealth heritage values of a place,

and include in those policies, guidance in

relation to the following:

i. The management and conservation processes to be used;

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 14)

ii. The access and security

arrangements, including access to

the area for Indigenous people to

maintain cultural traditions;

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 3)

iii. The stakeholder and community

consultation and liaison

arrangements;

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 15, 17)

iv. The policies and protocols to

ensure that Indigenous people

participate in the management

process;

Section 7- Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 17)

v. The protocols for the management

of sensitive information;

Not Applicable

vi. The planning and management of

works, development, adaptive reuse

and property divestment

proposals;

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 16)

vii. How unforeseen discoveries or

disturbances of heritage are to be

managed;

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 12)

viii. How, and under what

circumstances, heritage advice is

to be obtained;

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 10, 11)

ix. How the condition of

Commonwealth heritage values is

to be monitored and reported;

Section 7- Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 5, 6, 7, 14)

x. How records of intervention and

maintenance of a heritage places

register are kept;

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 7, 13)

xi. The research, training and

resources needed to improve

management;

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 9)

xii. How heritage values are to be

interpreted and promoted; and

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 4)

(i) Include an implementation plan; and

Section 8 – Policy implementation plan

(j) Show how the implementation of policies

will be monitored; and

Section 8 – Policy implementation plan

(k) Show how the management plan will be

reviewed.

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 18)

Section 8 – Policy implementation plan

\n```\n\n \n\nAppendix 4. Swan Island current light details\n\n| IALA AVAILABILITY CATEGORY: | 2 |\n| --------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| POSITION: | Latitude: 40º 43.6713’ SLongitude: 148º 07.5403’ EDatum: WGS84 |\n| CHARTS: | AUS 356, 797 |\n| DAYMARK: | White masonry tower and lantern, 27 metres high. |\n| CHARACTER: | Flashing: 7.5 secondsFlash: 0.8 secondsEclipse: 6.7 seconds |\n| COLOUR OF LIGHT: | White |\n| ARC OF VISIBILITY:(TRUE BEARING FROM SEAWARD) | 070º - 033º (323º) |\n| BEACON: | Tideland Nova 250 (2.5°VD) |\n| POWER SOURCE: | Solar Panels: 8 x CNPV-105M(inclined 60* to horizontal)Regulator: 2 x MPPT 100/20Batteries: 24V, 440Ah, (2 x 220Ah Modules) |\n| STRUCTURE: | White circular masonry tower 22 meters high to base of lantern and helipad. |\n| INTENSITY: | 13,316 cd |\n| ELEVATION: | 30 metres |\n| RANGE: | Nominal: 15 nautical milesGeographical: 15.7 nautical miles |\n\n \n\nReference list\n\nAMSA, AMSA Heritage strategy, 2022, [https://www.amsa.gov.au/amsa-heritage-strategy-2022-2025](https://www.amsa.gov.au/amsa-heritage-strategy-2022-2025)\n\nAMSA, Annual Report 2020-21, [https://www.amsa.gov.au/about/corporate-publications/annual-report-2020-21](https://www.amsa.gov.au/about/corporate-publications/annual-report-2020-21)\n\nAMSA Interactive heritage lighthouse map, Google, 2021, [https://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?\\_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-1996646104.1535497123](https://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-1996646104.1535497123)\n\nAsk First: a guide to respecting Indigenous heritage places and values, Australian Heritage Commission, 2002.\n\nAustralian heritage database. Swan Island Lighthouse, Gladstone, TAS, Australia. Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, [https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place\\_detail;search=state%3DTAS%3Blist\\_code%3DCHL%3Blegal\\_status%3D35%3Bkeyword\\_PD%3D0%3Bkeyword\\_SS%3D0%3Bkeyword\\_PH%3D0;place\\_id=105598](https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=state%3DTAS%3Blist_code%3DCHL%3Blegal_status%3D35%3Bkeyword_PD%3D0%3Bkeyword_SS%3D0%3Bkeyword_PH%3D0;place_id=105598)\n\nAustralian heritage database. Swan Island Lighthouse, Swan Island, TAS, Australia. Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, [https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place\\_detail;search=place\\_name%3Dswan%2520Island%2520%3Bkeyword\\_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_PH%3Don%3Blatitude\\_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude\\_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude\\_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude\\_2dir%3DS%3Bin\\_region%3Dpart;place\\_id=12674](https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=place_name%3Dswan%2520Island%2520%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=12674)\n\nThe Burra Charter: The Australian ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance, Australia ICOMOS, 2013.\n\nBrewis, C R W. Preliminary report on the lighting of the coast of Tasmania and the islands in Bass Strait: Recommendations as to existing lights and additional lights. Department of Trade and Customs, 1912.\n\nBrothers, N., David Pemberton, Helen Pryor, Vanessa Halley. Tasmania’s Off shore Islands: seabirds and other natural features. Hobart: Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, 2001.\n\nEngage Early—Guidance for proponents on best practice Indigenous engagement for environmental assessments under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), Commonwealth of Australia, 2016.\n\nDavidson, I., and David Roberts. ‘14 000BP – On being along: the isolation of Tasmania.’ Turning Points in Australian History, Martin Crotty and David Roberts, eds., Sydney: UNSW Press, 2009.\n\nFurneaux Historical Research Association Inc. Tasmanian Aboriginal History in the Furneaux Region, Flinders Council, TAS. https://www.fl inders.tas.gov.au/aboriginal-history\n\nKostoglou, P. Sealing in Tasmania: a historical research project. Hobart, Tas: Dept.of Environment and Land Management, 1996.\n\nLighthouses of Australia Inc. ‘Swan Island Lighthouse’. N.d. [https://lighthouses.org.au/tas/swan-island-lighthouse/](https://lighthouses.org.au/tas/swan-island-lighthouse/)\n\nMarquis-Kyle, P. Heritage Lighthouse Report: Swan Island Lighthouse, AMSG, 2007.\n\nMorgan, T. ‘Aboriginal warrior and diplomat Mannalargenna still showing the way forward, elder says.’ ABC News, Dec 4, 2017. [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-04/aboriginal-warrior-mannalargenna-rememberred/9222404](https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-04/aboriginal-warrior-mannalargenna-rememberred/9222404)\n\nNational Archives of Australia: Australian Maritime Safety Authority; A9568, Drawings and Plans of Lighthouses and of Associated Buildings and Equipment, 1833-1968; 5/9/3, Swan Island Lighthouse – Light Apparatus as Installed 1845/1846, 1856-1856.\n\nNational Archives of Australia: Australian Maritime Safety Authority; A9568, Drawings and Plans of Lighthouses and of Associated Buildings and Equipment, 1833-1968; 5/10/1, Drawing and ground floor plans of five Tasmanian lighthouses: Low Head, South Bruny, Deal Island, Swan Island and Goose Island lighthouses, 1848-1848.\n\nNational Archives of Australia: Department of Transport and Regional Development, Marine Operations Division; A6247, Glass plate copy negatives of Australian coastal lighthouses, 1917-1917; B 4/3, Lighthouses and Beacons – Swan Island Lighthouse, Tasmania, 1917-1917.\n\nParsons, Vivienne. ‘Waterhouse, Henry (1770-1812).’ Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 2, 1967, [http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/waterhouse-henry-2775](http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/waterhouse-henry-2775)\n\nReid, G. From Dusk till Dawn: A history of Australian lighthouses. Aus: Macmillan Co., 1988.\n\nSearle, G. First Order: Australia’s Highway of Lighthouses. Glenelg, SA: Seaside Lights, 2013.\n\nSim, R. The Archaeology of Isolation? Prehistoric Occupation in the Furneaux Group of Islands, Bass Strait, Tasmania. PhD, Australian National University, 1998.\n\nTasmanian heritage register. ‘Swan Island Light Station. Heritage Tasmania’, [https://heritage.tas.gov.au/heritage-listed-places/search-the-register#SearchSpatiallyUsingLISTmap%C2%A0](https://heritage.tas.gov.au/heritage-listed-places/search-the-register#SearchSpatiallyUsingLISTmap%C2%A0)\n\nTomlinson, C. Tomlinson’s Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts. 1854.\n\nWorking Together Managing Commonwealth Heritage Places: a guide for Commonwealth agencies. Commonwealth of Australia, 2019.\n\n‘Boy shot dead: Swan Island accident.’ Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners’ Advocate. Nov 14, 1933. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/136690289](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/136690289)\n\n‘The Loch Finlas Wreck: survivors’ thrilling story.’ Daily Telegraph. Sept 29, 1908. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/151915318](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/151915318)\n\n‘South Australia.’ The Weekly Register of Politics, Facts and General Literature. Oct 11, 1845. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/228134950](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/228134950)\n\n‘Swan Island Lighthouse.’ The Telegraph. Jul 2, 1886. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/174068852](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/174068852)\n\n‘Swan Island Lighthouse.’ The Mercury. Jan 13, 1893. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/13302382](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/13302382)\n\n‘Swan Island Lighthouse.’ Daily Telegraph. Oct 1, 1908. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/151934528](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/151934528)\n\n‘Wrecked men still at island lighthouse.’ The Mercury. Jan 2, 1952. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/27078711](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/27078711) \n\nEndnotes","sortOrder":4}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The plan adheres to the EPBC HMP requirements and sets out identification, protection, management, monitoring and implementation arrangements for Swan Island Lighthouse (Part 3 checklist; sections 1–8). It does not expand the statutory scope of AMSA’s responsibilities but compiles operational, heritage and consultation duties, decision processes and schedules into a single management framework (see sections 6.5, 6.8, 7, 8.1)."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple statutory approval pathways and referral duties under the EPBC Act for actions affecting Commonwealth heritage and Aboriginal heritage (see sections 6.1; Part 3 compliance checklist).","Technical operational standards and performance targets (IALA Availability Category 2; visibility, range, light character requirements, Appendix 4; sections 6.4, 6.5).","Fabric sensitivity framework assigning High/Moderate/Low sensitivity with different impact thresholds and prescribed examples, which guides allowable interventions (section 6.2).","Comprehensive policy matrix covering 18 policies from conservation, access, interpretation, to divestment and unforeseen discoveries, each with implementation steps (section 7).","Clear delineation of duties and recurring obligations: AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator, maintenance contractors — including annual works, biennial Heritage Asset Condition Reports and 5‑year reviews (sections 7, 8.1, 8.2, 6.1).","Decision‑making procedures for major works, damage, upgrades, attachments and divestment requiring Heritage Impact Statements, consultation with DCCEEW/Tasmanian Heritage Council and potential approvals (section 6.8).","Stakeholder engagement and Indigenous consultation protocols (Aboriginal Heritage Tasmania, Cape Barren Aboriginal Association, Aboriginal Land Council of Tasmania) triggered by works or finds (sections 6.1, 6.8, 7 Policy 12, 17).","Funding and resourcing uncertainty for training and capability (training occurs “when funds are made available”) creating potential implementation constraint (section 7, Policy 9)."],"plain_english_summary":"Sets how AMSA must operate, maintain and alter Swan Island Lighthouse to meet navigational standards while preserving Commonwealth heritage values. It prescribes maintenance schedules, a fabric‑sensitivity decision framework, monitoring/reporting, EPBC and Aboriginal approval and consultation procedures, and assigns responsibilities to AMSA, its contractors, state heritage bodies, Traditional Owners and any future owner."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":636},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This is a heritage management plan for a specific lighthouse site. The scope remains focused on conservation and operational management of the Swan Island Lighthouse and its immediate curtilage. No significant expansion beyond this original purpose is evident."},"complexity_factors":["Detailed fabric register with 15+ individual structural elements each assessed for condition, integrity and significance","Multiple overlapping statutory frameworks: EPBC Act (Commonwealth), Tasmanian Heritage Act, Navigation Act, Work Health and Safety Act","Cross-referencing between Commonwealth Heritage List criteria (A, B, E, F, H) and Tasmanian State Register criteria","18 separate conservation policies with implementation strategies, responsibilities and timeframes","Sensitivity-to-change matrix requiring assessment of high/moderate/low impact for different types of works on each structural element","Biennial reporting requirements and 5-year review cycles embedded in management framework","Technical lighthouse terminology requiring glossary (astagals, catadioptric lenses, orders of optical apparatus)","Heritage monitoring program with condition ratings (Good/Fair/Poor) and integrity ratings (High/Medium/Low)"],"plain_english_summary":"The Heritage Management Plan sets out how AMSA will protect and conserve the 1845 Swan Island Lighthouse while keeping it operational as a navigation aid. It provides a decision-making framework for maintenance and upgrades that safeguards the site's historic fabric and cultural values.\n\nIt affects AMSA staff and contractors, heritage advisers, Traditional Owners, and potential visitors, ensuring this rare pre‑1850 Tasmanian lighthouse and its layered history survive for future generations."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/swan-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023","history":"/api/acts/swan-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/history","analysis":"/api/acts/swan-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/swan-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/swan-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/swan-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/documents"}}