{"id":"survey-act-1992","name":"Survey Act 1992","slug":"survey-act-1992","collection":"act","jurisdiction":"sa","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":110416,"registerId":"sa-survey-act-1992-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Survey Act 1992","content":"South Australia\nSurvey Act 1992\nAn Act to provide for the licensing and registration of surveyors and to make provisions relating to surveying and land boundaries; and for other purposes.\n\nContents\nPart 1—Preliminary\n1\tShort title\n4\tInterpretation\nPart 2—Administration\nDivision 1—Surveyor‑General\n5\tSurveyor‑General\n6\tDelegation\n7\tSurveyor‑General's right to enter etc\nDivision 3—Institution of Surveyors\n10\tFunctions of Institution of Surveyors under Act\n11\tAdministrative arrangements\n12\tFees and levies\n13\tAnnual report\n13A\tDelegations\nPart 3—Licensing and registration\nDivision 1—The practice of surveying\n14\tObligation to be licensed to place survey mark\n15\tObligation to be licensed to carry out cadastral survey for fee or reward\n16\tIllegal holding out as being licensed\n17\tIllegal holding out as being registered\n18\tLimitation on use of certain expressions\n19\tIndemnity against loss\n20\tDisqualification for breach of this Division\nDivision 2—Licences and registrations\n21\tApplications\n22\tGrant of licence or registration\n23\tConditional licence\n24\tDuration and renewal\n25\tLicences or certificates\n26\tContinuing education\n27\tBreach of conditions\nDivision 3—Special provisions relating to surveying services providers\n28\tImproper directions etc to surveyor by surveying services provider\nDivision 4—Discipline\n34\tProper cause for disciplinary action\n35\tComplaints\n36\tInvestigations by Institution of Surveyors\n37\tConsequence of investigation by Institution of Surveyors\n38\tDisciplinary powers of Tribunal\n38A\tParticipation of assessors in disciplinary proceedings\n39\tReturn of licence or certificate of registration\n40\tRestrictions on disqualified persons\n41\tConsequences of action against surveyor in other jurisdictions\nDivision 5—Reviews by Tribunal\n42\tReviews by Tribunal\nPart 4—Surveying\nDivision 1—Survey instructions\n43\tSurvey instructions\nDivision 2—Rectification of surveys\n44\tInvestigations by Surveyor‑General\n45\tRectification\nDivision 3—Miscellaneous\n46\tRight to enter etc\n47\tCertification of plans\n48\tLiability of surveyor for acts or omissions of employees\nPart 5—Establishment of land boundaries\nDivision 1—Coordinated cadastre\n49\tCoordinated cadastre\nDivision 2—Confused land boundaries\n50\tConfused Boundary Areas\n51\tSurveys within Confused Boundary Area\nPart 6—Miscellaneous\n52\tInterference with survey marks\n53\tOffence to hinder or obstruct\n54\tFalse or misleading information\n55\tConfidentiality\n55A\tVictimisation\n56\tGeneral defence\n57\tPunishment of conduct that constitutes offence\n58\tLevy on lodgment of plans\n59\tApprovals\n59A\tParties to proceedings before Tribunal\n60\tEvidentiary provision\n61\tSummary offences\n62\tService of notices\n63\tRegulations\nLegislative history\nAppendix—Divisional penalties and expiation fees\n\nThe Parliament of South Australia enacts as follows:\nPart 1—Preliminary\n1—Short title\nThis Act may be cited as the Survey Act 1992.\n4—Interpretation\n\t(1)\tIn this Act, unless the contrary intention appears—\nbeneficiary includes an object of a discretionary trust;\ncadastral survey means any process of determining the boundaries of land by the measurement of distances and angles (including measurement by means of an electronic device) or by photogrammetry;\ncourse includes a lecture, seminar, tutorial or workshop;\ndesignated survey area—see Part 5 Division 1;\ndirector of a body corporate means a member of the board or committee of management of the body corporate, whether validly appointed or not;\nequipment includes instruments or appliances used in, or for the purposes of, carrying out a survey;\nInstitution of Surveyors means the Institution of Surveyors, Australia, South Australia Division Incorporated;\ninterfere with a survey mark includes disturb, damage, remove or destroy the survey mark;\nland includes—\n\t(a)\tsubmerged land;\n\t(b)\tan interest in land;\nlicensed surveyor means a person who holds a licence as a surveyor under Part 3 Division 2;\npermanent survey mark means a mark or peg included in the network of survey marks established under Part 5 Division 1;\nprovide, in relation to surveying services, means provide surveying services personally or through the instrumentality of another, and includes offer to provide;\nrecord means—\n\t(a)\ta documentary record; or\n\t(b)\ta record made by an electronic, electro-magnetic, photographic or optical process; or\n\t(c)\tany other kind of record;\nregistered surveyor means a person registered as a surveyor under Part 3 Division 2;\nRegistrar means the person for the time being appointed to, or acting in, the position of Registrar established by the Institution of Surveyors pursuant to Part 2 Division 3;\nsurvey means—\n\t(a)\ta cadastral survey; or\n\t(b)\tany process of determining—\n\t(i)\tthe form of land; or\n\t(ii)\tthe position of a point, object, structure or feature on or in land,\nby the measurement of distances and angles (including measurement by means of an electronic device) or by photogrammetry;\nsurveying services provider means a person (not being a surveyor) who provides surveying services through the instrumentality of a surveyor;\nsurvey instructions—see Part 4 Division 1;\nsurvey mark means—\n\t(a)\ta mark or peg of a kind specified in survey instructions in force under this Act that is placed on or in land for the purposes of defining a boundary of the land; or\n\t(b)\ta permanent survey mark;\nsurveyor means a licensed or registered surveyor;\nSurveyor‑General means the person for the time being appointed or acting as the Surveyor‑General;\nTribunal means the South Australian Civil and Administrative Tribunal established under the South Australian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2013;\ntrust—a trust is considered for the purposes of this Act as a single entity consisting of the trustees and the beneficiaries;\ntrust or corporate entity means a trust or a body corporate.\n\t(2)\tA person who holds a licence under this Act will be taken to be registered under this Act.\n\t(3)\tA reference in an instrument (whether of a statutory nature or not)—\n\t(a)\tto a licensed surveyor is to be taken to be a reference to a licensed surveyor within the meaning of this Act;\n\t(b)\tto a registered surveyor is to be taken to be a reference to a licensed or registered surveyor within the meaning of this Act.\n\t(4)\tFor the purposes of this Act, a surveyor whose licence or registration is under suspension will be taken not to hold a licence or not to be registered (as the case may require).\n\t(5)\tWithout limiting the generality of the expression, a person who is not a surveyor will, unless exempted by the regulations, be taken to provide surveying services through the instrumentality of a surveyor if the person, in the course of carrying on a business, provides services to the surveyor for which the person is entitled to receive a share in the profits or income of the surveyor's practice.\n\t(6)\tFor the purposes of this Act, a person occupies a position of authority in a trust or corporate entity if the person—\n\t(a)\tin the case of a body corporate—\n\t(i)\tis a director of the body corporate; or\n\t(ii)\texercises, or is in a position to exercise, control or substantial influence over the body corporate in the conduct of its affairs; or\n\t(iii)\tmanages, or is to manage, the business of the body corporate that consists of the provision of surveying services; or\n\t(iv)\twhere the body corporate is a proprietary company—is a shareholder in the body corporate; or\n\t(b)\tin the case of a trust—is a trustee or beneficiary of the trust.\n\t(7)\tHowever—\n\t(a)\ta minor who is a shareholder in a proprietary company, or a beneficiary under a trust, is not, for that reason, to be regarded as a person occupying a position of authority; and\n\t(b)\ta charitable organisation that is a beneficiary of a trust is not, for that reason, to be regarded as occupying a position of authority in the trust.\n\t(8)\tFor the purposes of this Act, a person who holds more than 10 per cent of the issued share capital of a public company will be regarded as a person occupying a position of authority in that company.\nNote—\nFor definition of divisional penalties (and expiation fees) see Appendix.\nPart 2—Administration\nDivision 1—Surveyor‑General\n5—Surveyor‑General\n\t(1)\tThere will be a Surveyor‑General.\n\t(2)\tThe Surveyor‑General must be a person who is eligible to be licensed or registered under this Act.\n6—Delegation\n\t(1)\tThe Surveyor‑General may delegate to any person any of the Surveyor‑General's functions or powers under this or any other Act.\n\t(2)\tA delegation under this section—\n\t(a)\tmay be made subject to such conditions as the Surveyor‑General thinks fit; and\n\t(b)\tis revocable at will; and\n\t(c)\tdoes not derogate from the power of the Surveyor‑General to act in any matter.\n7—Surveyor‑General's right to enter etc\nThe Surveyor‑General, or a person authorised in writing by the Surveyor‑General, may—\n\t(a)\tat any reasonable time, enter any land for the purposes of performing the functions assigned to the Surveyor‑General under this Act; and\n\t(b)\ttake such action as is necessary to enable those functions to be carried out effectively (including excavating or breaking the surface of land to the extent necessary to uncover or place a survey mark).\nDivision 3—Institution of Surveyors\n10—Functions of Institution of Surveyors under Act\n\t(1)\tThe Institution of Surveyors is responsible for—\n\t(a)\tmonitoring the operation of this Act and the law relating to surveying; and\n\t(b)\texercising a general oversight over surveying, and the keeping of survey records, in this State; and\n\t(c)\tmonitoring the operation of survey instructions in force under this Act; and\n\t(d)\texercising a general oversight over the professional practice of surveyors; and\n\t(e)\tmonitoring the standards of courses of instruction and training available to—\n\t(i)\tthose seeking licensing or registration as surveyors; and\n\t(ii)\tsurveyors seeking to maintain or improve their skills in surveying practice; and\n\t(f)\tconsulting with educational authorities in relation to the establishment, maintenance or improvement of courses referred to in paragraph (e); and\n\t(g)\tmaking recommendations to the Minister with respect to the matters referred to in the preceding paragraphs; and\n\t(h)\tproviding financial and other assistance for the conduct by a university of, or participation of a student in, a course of instruction and training that provides qualifications for licensing or registration as a surveyor, and otherwise promoting surveying as a career, as agreed with the Minister; and\n\t(i)\tcarrying out such other functions as are assigned to it by this Act.\n\t(2)\tThe Institution of Surveyors must carry out its functions under this Act with a view to promoting and maintaining high standards of competence and conduct in surveying practice.\n11—Administrative arrangements\nThe Institution of Surveyors must, after consulting with the Minister—\n\t(a)\testablish the position of Registrar and ensure that a person is appointed to, or acting in, that position at all times; and\n\t(b)\testablish and maintain a register of surveyors and ensure—\n\t(i)\tthat the register is accurate; and\n\t(ii)\tthat the register is available for inspection by or on behalf of the Surveyor‑General without charge and by any other person on payment of the fee fixed by the Institution of Surveyors with the approval of the Minister; and\n\t(c)\tmake administrative arrangements for receiving, considering and investigating complaints against surveyors; and\n\t(d)\testablish and maintain a system for collecting the levies payable under this Act on lodgment of survey plans; and\n\t(e)\testablish and maintain such other administrative arrangements as are necessary for the performance of the functions assigned to it by this Act.\n12—Fees and levies\n\t(1)\tThe Institution of Surveyors—\n\t(a)\tmust keep separate accounts of fees and levies received under this Act; and\n\t(b)\tmust prepare a statement of those accounts in respect of each financial year and have the statement audited by a registered company auditor.\n\t(2)\tFees and levies received by the Institution of Surveyors under this Act may only be used in carrying out the functions assigned to the Institution by this Act.\n13—Annual report\n\t(1)\tThe Institution of Surveyors must, on or before 30 September in each year, deliver to the Minister a report on the performance of its functions under this Act during the financial year that ended on the preceding 30 June.\n\t(2)\tThe report must include, in respect of the financial year to which it relates—\n\t(a)\tstatistics relating to licences, registrations and renewals granted under this Act, complaints against surveyors received under this Act and investigations carried out under this Act; and\n\t(b)\tthe audited statement of accounts of fees and levies.\n\t(3)\tThe Minister must, within 12 sitting days after receipt of the report, cause a copy of the report to be laid before each House of Parliament.\n13A—Delegations\n\t(1)\tThe Institution of Surveyors may, by instrument in writing, delegate any of its functions or powers under this Act other than this power of delegation.\n\t(2)\tA delegation—\n\t(a)\tmay be made—\n\t(i)\tto a member of the Institution of Surveyors; or\n\t(ii)\tto a committee established by the Institution of Surveyors; and\n\t(b)\tmay be made subject to conditions and limitations specified in the instrument of delegation; and\n\t(c)\tis revocable at will and does not derogate from the power of the Institution of Surveyors to act in a matter.\nPart 3—Licensing and registration\nDivision 1—The practice of surveying\n14—Obligation to be licensed to place survey mark\nA person must not personally place a survey mark on or in land unless—\n\t(a)\the or she is a licensed surveyor; or\n\t(b)\the or she is acting under the supervision of a licensed surveyor; or\n\t(c)\tthe survey mark is placed in the course of a survey carried out as part of a course of training approved by the Institution of Surveyors.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n15—Obligation to be licensed to carry out cadastral survey for fee or reward\nA person must not carry out a cadastral survey for fee or reward unless—\n\t(a)\the or she is a licensed surveyor; or\n\t(b)\the or she is acting under the supervision of a licensed surveyor; or\n\t(ba)\tthe survey is carried out through the instrumentality of a licensed surveyor or a person acting under the supervision of a licensed surveyor; or\n\t(c)\tthe survey is carried out as part of a course of training approved by the Institution of Surveyors.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n16—Illegal holding out as being licensed\n\t(1)\tA person who is not a licensed surveyor must not—\n\t(a)\thold himself or herself out as holding a licence under this Act; or\n\t(b)\tpermit another person to do so.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n\t(2)\tA person must not hold out another as being licensed under this Act unless the other person is a licensed surveyor.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n17—Illegal holding out as being registered\n\t(1)\tA person who is not a registered surveyor must not hold himself or herself out as being registered under this Act or permit another person to do so.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n\t(2)\tA person must not hold out another as being registered under this Act unless the other person is a registered surveyor.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n18—Limitation on use of certain expressions\n\t(1)\tA person who is not a licensed surveyor must not use the expression \"licensed surveyor\" or any of its derivatives, or any expression reserved in the regulations for use by licensed surveyors, to describe himself or herself.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n\t(2)\tA person who is not a registered surveyor must not use the expression \"registered surveyor\" or any of its derivatives, or any expression reserved in the regulations for use by registered surveyors, to describe himself or herself.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n\t(3)\tA person must not, in the course of advertising or promoting a service that the person provides, use an expression reserved in this section or the regulations for use by licensed or registered surveyors, or any derivative of such an expression, to describe a person who is engaged in the provision of the service but who is not licensed or registered under this Act (as the case may require).\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n\t(4)\tThe regulations may exempt (conditionally or unconditionally) persons of a specified class from the provisions, or any specified provisions, of this section.\n19—Indemnity against loss\n\t(1)\tA surveyor must not practise surveying unless—\n\t(a)\tan agreement is in force between the surveyor and a person approved by the Institution of Surveyors; and\n\t(b)\tthe Institution of Surveyors is satisfied that, by virtue of that agreement, the surveyor will be compensated to the extent required by the Institution of Surveyors in the event that he or she suffers loss by reason of civil liability incurred in the practice of surveying.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n\t(2)\tThe Institution of Surveyors may, on such conditions as it thinks fit, exempt a person or a class of persons from the requirements of this section and may, whenever it thinks fit, revoke an exemption or vary the conditions under which an exemption operates.\n20—Disqualification for breach of this Division\nA court finding a person guilty of an offence against this Division may, in addition to imposing a fine, order that the person be disqualified from being licensed or registered under this Act permanently, for a specified period, until fulfilment of stipulated conditions or until further order.\nDivision 2—Licences and registrations\n21—Applications\n\t(1)\tAn application for a licence or registration, or for renewal of a licence or registration, under this Act—\n\t(a)\tmust be made to the Institution of Surveyors; and\n\t(b)\tmust, in the case of an application for renewal, be delivered to the Registrar not earlier than 3 months and not later than 1 month preceding the end of the period of the current licence or registration; and\n\t(c)\tmust conform to the requirements of the Institution of Surveyors as to its form, contents and the manner in which it is made; and\n\t(d)\tmust be accompanied by the fee fixed by the Institution of Surveyors with the approval of the Minister.\n\t(2)\tAn applicant must furnish the Institution of Surveyors with such information or records as it reasonably requires.\n\t(3)\tThe Institution of Surveyors may, if it thinks fit, determine an application for renewal of a licence or registration despite the fact that it is delivered out of time or that the period of the licence or registration has expired.\n22—Grant of licence or registration\n\t(1)\tWhere a natural person applies for a licence or registration under this Act, the Institution of Surveyors must grant the application if satisfied that the applicant—\n\t(a)\tis a fit and proper person to be licensed or registered under this Act (as the case may require); and\n\t(b)\thas the qualifications required by the regulations or has qualifications, or qualifications together with experience, accredited as being equivalent to those qualifications by a body or authority specified in the regulations; and\n\t(c)\thas the experience required by the regulations; and\n\t(d)\tfulfils all other requirements set out in the regulations.\n\t(3)\tThe Institution of Surveyors may, with the approval of the Minister, grant an application for a licence or registration under this Act to an applicant who does not comply with any one or more of the requirements of this section if satisfied that the lack of compliance would not adversely affect the ability of the applicant to practise surveying.\n23—Conditional licence\n\t(1)\tThe Institution of Surveyors may grant an application for a licence under this Act to an applicant who does not comply with any one or more of the requirements for eligibility for a licence in order to enable the person to do whatever is necessary to become eligible for a full licence.\n\t(2)\tThe Institution of Surveyors may impose conditions on a licence granted under this section, including conditions—\n\t(a)\trestricting the places and times at which the applicant may practise cadastral surveying;\n\t(b)\tlimiting the areas of cadastral surveying in which the applicant may practise;\n\t(c)\trequiring cadastral surveys undertaken by the applicant to be submitted for consideration by the Institution of Surveyors;\n\t(d)\tlimiting the period during which the licence remains in force.\n24—Duration and renewal\n\t(1)\tSubject to this Act, a licence or registration (not being a licence for a limited period) remains in force until 30 June following the grant of the licence or registration and may be renewed for successive periods of one year expiring on 30 June.\n\t(2)\tSubject to this Act, where application is made in accordance with this Act for renewal of a licence or registration, the Institution of Surveyors must renew the licence or registration.\n25—Licences or certificates\n\t(1)\tThe Registrar must, on the licensing or registration of a surveyor or the renewal of the licence or registration of a surveyor, issue a licence or certificate of registration (as the case may require) to the surveyor.\n\t(2)\tThe Registrar may, on request by a surveyor and payment of the fee fixed by the Institution of Surveyors with the approval of the Minister, issue a duplicate licence or certificate of registration.\n26—Continuing education\n\t(1)\tThe Institution of Surveyors may require surveyors to attend specified courses, to gain specified experience, or to take other specified action, within a specified period for the purpose of encouraging surveyors to maintain or improve their skills in surveying practice.\n\t(2)\tIf the Institution of Surveyors is not satisfied that an applicant for renewal of a licence or registration has complied with requirements specified under subsection (1), the Institution of Surveyors may—\n\t(a)\trenew the licence or registration subject to specified conditions; or\n\t(b)\trefuse to renew the licence or registration until specified conditions are fulfilled; or\n\t(c)\trefuse to renew the licence or registration.\n\t(3)\tThe Institution of Surveyors may, on application by a surveyor, vary or revoke a condition imposed under this section.\n\t(4)\tIf the Institution of Surveyors refuses to renew a licence or registration until specified conditions are fulfilled, the licence or registration is, on the fulfilment of those conditions, renewed for the period expiring on the following 30 June.\n\t(5)\tThe Institution of Surveyors may charge such fees as are approved by the Minister in relation to the provision of courses or other services for the purposes of this section.\n27—Breach of conditions\nA surveyor who contravenes or fails to comply with a condition imposed under this Act on the surveyor's licence or registration is guilty of an offence.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\nDivision 3—Special provisions relating to surveying services providers\n28—Improper directions etc to surveyor by surveying services provider\n\t(1)\tIf a person who provides surveying services through the instrumentality of a surveyor directs or pressures the surveyor to act unlawfully, improperly, negligently or unfairly in relation to the provision of surveying services, the person is guilty of an offence.\nPenalty: Division 4 fine.\n\t(2)\tIf a person who occupies a position of authority in a trust or corporate entity that provides surveying services through the instrumentality of a surveyor directs or pressures the surveyor to act unlawfully, improperly, negligently or unfairly in relation to the provision of surveying services, the person and the entity are each guilty of an offence.\nPenalty: Division 4 fine.\nDivision 4—Discipline\n34—Proper cause for disciplinary action\n\t(1)\tA surveyor is liable to be disciplined if the surveyor—\n\t(a)\thas been guilty of conduct that constitutes a breach of this Act or has contravened or failed to comply with survey instructions in force under this Act; or\n\t(b)\thas obtained a licence or registration under this Act improperly; or\n\t(c)\thas failed to exercise proper care in carrying out a survey, establishing survey marks or in the preparation of a plan or record of a survey; or\n\t(d)\thas, in the course of surveying practice—\n\t(i)\tbeen guilty of conduct that constitutes a breach of any other Act or law punishable by imprisonment for a period of one year or more; or\n\t(ii)\tbeen guilty of improper or unethical conduct, incompetence or negligence.\n\t(2)\tA surveying services provider is liable to be disciplined if—\n\t(a)\tthe provider has contravened or failed to comply with a provision of this Act; or\n\t(b)\tin the case of a surveying services provider that is a trust or corporate entity—the occupier of a position of authority in the trust or corporate entity has contravened or failed to comply with a provision of this Act.\n\t(3)\tThe occupier of a position of authority in a trust or corporate entity that is a surveying services provider is liable to be disciplined if—\n\t(a)\tthe person has contravened or failed to comply with a provision of this Act; or\n\t(b)\tthe trust or corporate entity has contravened or failed to comply with a provision of this Act (unless it is proved that the person could not, by the exercise of reasonable care, have prevented the commission of the offence by the entity).\n\t(4)\tDisciplinary action may be taken under this Division against—\n\t(a)\ta person who was licensed or registered as a surveyor when the cause for disciplinary action arose but has since ceased to be licensed or registered as a surveyor; or\n\t(b)\ta surveying services provider who was a provider when the cause for disciplinary action arose but has since ceased to be a surveying services provider; or\n\t(c)\tthe occupier of a position of authority in a trust or corporate entity that is a surveying services provider who was the occupier of the position of authority when the cause for disciplinary action arose but has since ceased to be the occupier of the position.\n35—Complaints\n\t(1)\tAny person may lodge with the Institution of Surveyors a complaint against—\n\t(a)\ta surveyor or former surveyor; or\n\t(b)\ta surveying services provider or former surveying services provider; or\n\t(c)\tthe occupier, or former occupier, of a position of authority in a trust or corporate entity that is a surveying services provider.\n\t(2)\tThe Institution of Surveyors must, wherever practicable, attempt to resolve the subject matter of a complaint by conciliation.\n36—Investigations by Institution of Surveyors\n\t(1)\tThe Institution of Surveyors must at the direction of the Surveyor‑General, and may in any other case, investigate a complaint made against a person under this Division.\n\t(2)\tThe Institution of Surveyors may appoint a suitable person to conduct an investigation.\n\t(3)\tThe Institution of Surveyors must provide a person so appointed with a certificate of appointment.\n\t(4)\tFor the purposes of an investigation, a person appointed by the Institution of Surveyors under this section—\n\t(a)\tmay require a person who is in a position to do so, to provide the name and address of—\n\t(i)\tany person who personally, or through the instrumentality of another, provided the services the subject of the complaint; or\n\t(ii)\tif the services the subject of the complaint were provided by a surveying services provider that is a trust or corporate entity, the persons occupying positions of authority in the trust or corporate entity; and\n\t(ab)\tmay require any person who is in a position to provide other information relevant to the matter under investigation to answer any question put to him or her in relation to the matter; and\n\t(ac)\tmay require any person who has possession of records or equipment relevant to the matter under investigation to produce those records or equipment for inspection, including written records that reproduce in a readily understandable form information kept by computer, microfilm or other process; and\n\t(b)\tmay inspect the records or equipment, make copies of the records or their contents or test the equipment and, where reasonably necessary for those purposes, seize and retain the records or equipment.\n\t(5)\tA person appointed under this section must, at the request of a person in relation to whom he or she has exercised, or intends to exercise, powers under this section, produce his or her certificate of appointment.\n\t(6)\tWhere an investigation is conducted at the direction of the Surveyor‑General, the Institution of Surveyors must report to the Surveyor‑General on the results of the investigation.\n37—Consequence of investigation by Institution of Surveyors\n\t(1)\tAfter conducting an investigation under this Division, the Institution of Surveyors may lodge with the Tribunal a complaint against the person setting out matters that are alleged to constitute proper cause for disciplinary action.\n\t(3)\tWhere the Institution of Surveyors lodges a complaint with the Tribunal, it must report the matter to the Surveyor‑General.\n\t(4)\tIf, after conducting an investigation under this Division, the Institution of Surveyors is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds to suspect that a person has committed an offence against this Act, it must—\n\t(a)\treport the matter to the Surveyor‑General; and\n\t(b)\tat the request of the Surveyor‑General, furnish the Surveyor‑General with copies of any material in its possession relevant to the investigation or prosecution of the suspected offence.\n38—Disciplinary powers of Tribunal\n\t(1)\tThe Surveyor‑General, the Institution of Surveyors or any other person may lodge with the Tribunal a complaint setting out matters that are alleged to constitute grounds for disciplinary action under this Division.\n\t(2)\tOn the lodging of a complaint under this Act, the Tribunal may conduct a hearing for the purpose of determining whether the matters alleged in the complaint constitute grounds for disciplinary action under this Part.\n\t(3)\tWithout limiting the usual powers of the Tribunal, the Tribunal may during the hearing—\n\t(a)\tallow an adjournment to enable the Surveyor‑General or the Institution of Surveyors to investigate or further investigate matters to which the complaint relates; and\n\t(b)\tallow the modification of the complaint or additional allegations to be included in the complaint subject to any conditions as to adjournment and notice to parties and other conditions that the Tribunal may think fit to impose.\n\t(6)\tIf, after conducting a hearing under this section, the Tribunal is satisfied that proper cause exists for disciplinary action against the person, it may exercise any one or more of the following powers:\n\t(a)\tit may reprimand the person;\n\t(b)\tit may impose a fine not exceeding a division 5 fine on the person;\n\t(c)\tit may impose conditions on the person's licence or registration restricting the right of the person to practise surveying;\n\t(d)\tit may suspend the person's licence or registration for a specified period, until fulfilment of stipulated conditions or until further order;\n\t(e)\tit may cancel the person's licence or registration;\n\t(f)\tit may disqualify the person from being licensed or registered under this Act permanently, for a specified period, until fulfilment of stipulated conditions or until further order;\n\t(g)\tit may prohibit the person from carrying on business as a surveying services provider;\n\t(h)\tit may prohibit the person from occupying a position of authority in a trust or corporate entity that is a surveying services provider.\n\t(7)\tA person who has been convicted of, or has expiated, an offence is not liable to a fine under this section in respect of the act or activity comprising the offence.\n\t(8)\tIf the Tribunal takes disciplinary action against the person, it may stipulate that the action is to have effect at a future time specified by the Tribunal.\n\t(9)\tThe Tribunal may, on application by a surveyor, vary or revoke a condition imposed under this section.\n38A—Participation of assessors in disciplinary proceedings\n\t(1)\tFor the purposes of section 22 of the South Australian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2013, there will be a panel of assessors consisting of—\n\t(a)\tpersons representative of surveyors; and\n\t(b)\tpersons representative of members of the public who deal with surveyors.\n\t(2)\tIn any proceedings under this Division, the Tribunal may, if the President so determines, sit with 1 or more assessors selected from the panel by the President.\n\t(3)\tIn this section—\nPresident means the President of the Tribunal appointed under the South Australian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2013.\n39—Return of licence or certificate of registration\nWhere a person's licence or registration under this Act is suspended or cancelled, the person must, at the direction of the Tribunal, return the licence or certificate of registration to the Registrar.\nPenalty: Division 8 fine.\n40—Restrictions on disqualified persons\n\t(1)\tA disqualified person must not, without the prior approval of the Tribunal, undertake any work in connection with a survey.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n\t(2)\tWhere a person is known to a surveyor, or to a surveying services provider, to be a disqualified person, and the surveyor or surveying services provider employs or engages that person in connection with a survey without the prior approval of the Tribunal, the surveyor or surveying services provider is guilty of an offence.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n\t(3)\tThe Tribunal may, on application by a disqualified person or a person who wishes to employ or engage a disqualified person, approve the disqualified person's employment or engagement in connection with a survey subject to such conditions (if any) as the Tribunal thinks fit.\n\t(4)\tWhere an approval has been granted under this section, the Tribunal may, on application by the Surveyor‑General, the Institution of Surveyors, the disqualified person to whom the approval relates or a person who employs or engages the disqualified person—\n\t(a)\tvary or revoke a condition of the approval or impose a further condition; or\n\t(b)\trevoke the approval.\n\t(5)\tA person who contravenes or fails to comply with a condition imposed under this section is guilty of an offence.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n\t(6)\tIn this section—\ndisqualified person means a person whose licence or registration under this Act is suspended or cancelled.\n41—Consequences of action against surveyor in other jurisdictions\n\t(1)\tWhere, in consequence of action taken against a surveyor in another State or a Territory, of the Commonwealth, or in New Zealand a surveyor's right to practise surveying in that State, Territory or country is suspended or cancelled, the registration or licence of the surveyor under the Act is, unless the Tribunal otherwise determines, automatically suspended or cancelled.\n\t(2)\tWhere such a surveyor is reinstated on the register in that other State, Territory or country, the surveyor is, unless the Tribunal otherwise determines, automatically reinstated on the register in this State.\nDivision 5—Reviews by Tribunal\n42—Reviews by Tribunal\n\t(1)\tAn application for review by the Tribunal may be made under section 34 of the South Australian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2013 in the following cases:\n\t(a)\tan applicant for a licence or registration under this Act may seek a review of a decision of the Institution of Surveyors to grant a conditional licence or to refuse to grant the licence or registration;\n\t(b)\tan applicant for renewal of a licence or registration under this Act may seek a review of a decision of the Institution of Surveyors to grant a conditional renewal or to refuse to grant the renewal (whether or not until fulfilment of specified conditions);\n\t(c)\ta person who is reprimanded by the Institution of Surveyors under this Act may seek a review of the reprimand.\n\t(2)\tAn application for review must be made within 1 month of the making of the decision.\n\t(6)\tThe Institution of Surveyors must, if so required by a person affected by a decision made by it, state in writing the reasons for its decision.\n\t(7)\tIf the reasons of the Institution of Surveyors are not given in writing at the time of making a decision and the person affected by the decision, within one month of the making of the decision, requires the Institution to state its reasons in writing, the time for applying for a review by the Tribunal runs from the time when the person receives the written statement of those reasons.\n\t(8)\tIf the Institution of Surveyors or the Tribunal is satisfied that an applicant for renewal of a licence or registration under this Act has commenced or intends to commence proceedings for a review of a decision under this section, it may extend the period of the licence or registration until the determination of the matter and may impose such conditions on the licence or registration as it thinks fit.\nPart 4—Surveying\nDivision 1—Survey instructions\n43—Survey instructions\n\t(1)\tThe Governor may, by regulation, issue survey instructions in relation to cadastral surveys and records of cadastral surveys.\n\t(2)\tWithout limiting the generality of subsection (1), survey instructions may—\n\t(a)\tregulate the manner in which cadastral surveys are to be carried out (including the records to be kept in relation to cadastral surveys);\n\t(b)\tprovide for tolerances in relation to the accuracy of cadastral surveys;\n\t(c)\tregulate the standard of equipment to be used in cadastral surveys;\n\t(d)\tregulate the form, establishment, custody, maintenance, removal or reinstatement of survey marks;\n\t(e)\tregulate the form or certification of plans or other records of cadastral surveys;\n\t(f)\tregulate the manner in which cadastral surveys are to be carried out in designated survey areas with a view to those areas forming part of the coordinated cadastre under this Act.\n\t(3)\tSurvey instructions may—\n\t(a)\tvary in their operation according to time, place or circumstance;\n\t(b)\tconfer discretionary powers on the Surveyor‑General.\n\t(4)\tThe Institution of Surveyors must be consulted before survey instructions are promulgated.\n\t(5)\tThe Registrar‑General must be consulted before survey instructions are promulgated under subsection (2)(e) in relation to plans or other records to be lodged in the Lands Titles Registration Office.\nDivision 2—Rectification of surveys\n44—Investigations by Surveyor‑General\n\t(1)\tThe Surveyor‑General may, on his or her own initiative or on complaint received from any person, conduct an investigation in order to determine—\n\t(a)\twhether a cadastral survey or a record or plan prepared in connection with a cadastral survey and lodged in the Lands Titles Registration Office or other public registry or office is defective in any respect; or\n\t(b)\twhether in relation to a cadastral survey there has been a breach of, or non-compliance with, this Act or survey instructions in force under this Act.\n\t(2)\tThe Surveyor‑General may appoint a suitable person to conduct an investigation.\n\t(3)\tThe Surveyor‑General must provide a person so appointed with a certificate of appointment.\n\t(4)\tFor the purposes of an investigation, the Surveyor‑General, or a person appointed by the Surveyor‑General under this section, may—\n\t(a)\trequire a person who is in a position to do so, to provide the name and address of—\n\t(i)\tany person who personally, or through the instrumentality of another, provided the services the subject of the complaint; or\n\t(ii)\tif the services the subject of the complaint were provided by a surveying services provider that is a trust or corporate entity, the persons occupying positions of authority in the trust or corporate entity; and\n\t(ab)\trequire any person who is in a position to provide other information relevant to the matter under investigation to answer any question put to him or her in relation to the matter; and\n\t(ac)\trequire any person who has possession of records or equipment relevant to the matter under investigation to produce those records or equipment for inspection, including written records that reproduce in a readily understandable form information kept by computer, microfilm or other process; and\n\t(b)\tinspect the records or equipment, make copies of the records or their contents or test the equipment and, where reasonably necessary for those purposes, seize and retain the records or equipment.\n\t(5)\tA person appointed under this section must, at the request of a person in relation to whom he or she has exercised, or intends to exercise, powers under this section, produce his or her certificate of appointment.\n45—Rectification\n\t(1)\tIf, after an investigation under this Division has been conducted, the Surveyor‑General is satisfied that a cadastral survey or a record or plan is defective in some respect, the Surveyor‑General may, in order to rectify that defect, require the licensed surveyor responsible for the survey to do any one or more of the following:\n\t(a)\tto carry out additional work in connection with the survey within a specified period;\n\t(b)\tto amend any record or plan prepared in connection with the survey within a specified period;\n\t(c)\tto prepare any further record or plan in connection with the survey within a specified period.\n\t(2)\tBefore the Surveyor‑General exercises a power conferred by subsection (1), the Surveyor‑General—\n\t(a)\tmust allow the person concerned a reasonable opportunity to make representations orally or in writing; and\n\t(b)\tmust, if that person so requests, refer the matter to the Institution of Surveyors for advice.\n\t(3)\tA surveyor who, without reasonable excuse, refuses or fails to comply with a requirement under subsection (1) is guilty of an offence.\nPenalty: Division 7 fine.\n\t(4)\tIf a surveyor refuses or fails to comply with a requirement under subsection (1), the Surveyor‑General may carry out such work as is necessary to rectify the defect and may recover the costs of that work as a debt owed by the surveyor.\n\t(5)\tIf a surveyor of whom a requirement under subsection (1) would have been made has died, the Surveyor‑General may carry out such work as is necessary to rectify the defect.\nDivision 3—Miscellaneous\n46—Right to enter etc\nA surveyor, or a person authorised in writing by a surveyor, may—\n\t(a)\tat any reasonable time, enter any land for the purposes of carrying out work in connection with a survey; and\n\t(b)\ttake such action as is necessary to enable the survey to be carried out effectively (including excavating or breaking the surface of land to the extent necessary to uncover or place a survey mark).\n47—Certification of plans\n\t(1)\tA plan or other document required by law to be signed or certified by a surveyor must be signed or certified by a surveyor who is a natural person.\n\t(2)\tA surveyor who certifies as correct a plan prepared in connection with a survey that the surveyor did not carry out or supervise is guilty of an offence.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n48—Liability of surveyor for acts or omissions of employees\nFor the purposes of this Act, an act or omission of a person employed by a surveyor in carrying out a survey (whether under a contract of service or otherwise) is to be taken to be an act or omission of the surveyor unless the surveyor proves that the person was not acting in the course of the employment.\nPart 5—Establishment of land boundaries\nDivision 1—Coordinated cadastre\n49—Coordinated cadastre\n\t(1)\tThe Surveyor‑General is responsible for establishing a coordinated cadastre for the State and may, for that purpose—\n\t(a)\testablish and maintain a network of permanent survey marks with recorded coordinates for use in surveying, mapping or related practice; and\n\t(b)\tdeclare, by notice in the Gazette, specified areas of the State to be designated survey areas, being areas of land in respect of which cadastral surveys must be carried out by reference to permanent survey marks in accordance with survey instructions in force under this Act, and for which coordinates must be determined in accordance with those instructions; and\n\t(c)\trecord the coordinates of the boundaries of land within each designated survey area as determined by surveys carried out in the area (whether before or after the declaration of the area as a designated survey area), compare the coordinates recorded in relation to all allotments of land within the area and make any necessary adjustments to the recorded coordinates; and\n\t(d)\twhere the coordinates for all allotments of land within a designated survey area have been so recorded, compared and adjusted—\n\t(i)\tdeclare, by notice in the Gazette, that part of the State to be within the coordinated cadastre; and\n\t(ii)\tlodge with the Registrar‑General for filing in the Lands Titles Registration Office a plan delineating the boundaries of those allotments on the basis of those coordinates.\n\t(2)\tA plan may be lodged under subsection (1)(d) by means of lodging a hard copy of the plan or by the electronic transfer of information.\n\t(3)\tThe Surveyor‑General may, by notice in the Gazette, declare a mark or peg of a specified class to be a survey mark that may be used in the network of permanent survey marks under subsection (1).\n\t(4)\tA notice under subsection (3) may be varied or revoked by subsequent notice in the Gazette.\nDivision 2—Confused land boundaries\n50—Confused Boundary Areas\n\t(1)\tSubject to subsection (2), the Surveyor‑General may, by notice in the Gazette, declare that a specified area within the State is a Confused Boundary Area.\n\t(1a)\tThe Surveyor‑General may make a declaration under subsection (1)—\n\t(a)\ton the application of—\n\t(i)\tthe Registrar‑General; or\n\t(ii)\tthe Commissioner for Highways; or\n\t(iii)\ta council; or\n\t(b)\ton his or her own motion.\n\t(2)\tHowever, a declaration under subsection (1) may only be made if the Surveyor‑General is satisfied that, generally, the occupation of land within the area does not accord to a substantial extent with the boundaries of land as shown in records or plans kept in the Lands Titles Registration Office.\n\t(3)\tA notice under this section may be varied or revoked by subsequent notice in the Gazette.\n51—Surveys within Confused Boundary Area\n\t(1)\tWhere a cadastral survey of land within a Confused Boundary Area is carried out by a surveyor, the boundaries of the land must (instead of being determined in accordance with accepted surveying practice and the provisions of this Act) be determined on the basis of what is fair and equitable having regard to—\n\t(a)\texisting physical boundaries; and\n\t(b)\tthe length of time that those boundaries have departed from the boundaries as shown in any public records of survey or as marked by existing survey marks; and\n\t(c)\tall other relevant factors.\n\t(2)\tWhere a plan of the boundaries of land within a Confused Boundary Area is lodged in the Lands Titles Registration Office, it must be accompanied by a statement that—\n\t(a)\tsets out the basis on which the boundaries were determined; and\n\t(b)\tis signed by the surveyor who certifies the plan.\n\t(3)\tThe Registrar‑General must examine a plan lodged under subsection (2) and then forward a copy of the plan to the Surveyor‑General for approval under this section.\n\t(4)\tAs soon as practicable after a plan of the boundaries of land within a Confused Boundary Area is forwarded to the Surveyor‑General under this section, the Surveyor‑General must give notice in accordance with this section—\n\t(a)\tto all persons with a registered interest in the land; and\n\t(b)\tto all persons with a registered interest in land adjoining the land; and\n\t(c)\tto all other persons who have a registered interest in land that is likely, in the opinion of the Surveyor‑General, to be directly or indirectly affected; and\n\t(d)\tto the council for the area in which the land is situated.\n\t(5)\tA notice under subsection (4)—\n\t(a)\tmust specify a place at which the plan may be viewed during normal office hours; and\n\t(b)\tmust specify a period (not less than 28 days after the date of the notice) within which objections relating to the determination of the land boundaries will be received by the Surveyor‑General.\n\t(5a)\tThe Surveyor‑General must, in considering any objections received under this section, consult with the Registrar‑General.\n\t(6)\tOn consideration of a plan and any objections received under this section, the Surveyor‑General may—\n\t(a)\tapprove the plan with or without modification; and\n\t(b)\tcarry out such further work as is necessary in view of the terms of the approval.\n\t(7)\tThe Surveyor‑General must give notice of the terms of an approval and, if a plan is approved with modification, a brief description of the reasons for the decision as to those terms, to—\n\t(a)\tthe surveyor responsible for the survey; and\n\t(b)\tall persons who were entitled to be notified under subsection (4) and who continue to hold the registered interest in land by reason of which they were so entitled; and\n\t(c)\tall persons who have since the date of that notification acquired a registered interest in land by reason of which they would have been entitled to be notified if they had held that interest at that date.\n\t(8)\tAny person entitled to receive a notice under subsection (7) may, within 14 days after receipt of the notice, appeal against the decision of the Surveyor‑General to the Supreme Court.\n\t(9)\tThe Supreme Court may, on the hearing of an appeal, hear such evidence as it thinks fit, whether or not the evidence was produced before the Surveyor‑General.\n\t(10)\tThe Supreme Court may, on the hearing of an appeal, exercise any one or more of the following powers:\n\t(a)\taffirm or vary the decision appealed against, or make in addition any decision that should have been made in the first instance;\n\t(b)\tquash the decision appealed against and substitute any decision that should have been made in the first instance;\n\t(c)\tremit the subject matter of the appeal to the Surveyor‑General for further consideration;\n\t(d)\tmake any further or other order as to costs or any other matter that the case requires.\n\t(11)\tIf no appeal is lodged under this section against the approval of a plan by the Surveyor‑General, the Registrar‑General may deposit that plan in the Lands Titles Registration Office.\n\t(12)\tIf an appeal is lodged under this section and the Supreme Court on appeal approves a plan, the Registrar‑General may deposit that plan in the Lands Titles Registration Office.\n\t(13)\tThis section is in addition to and does not derogate from the Real Property Act 1886.\nPart 6—Miscellaneous\n52—Interference with survey marks\n\t(1)\tSubject to this section, a person must not, without the approval of the Surveyor‑General, interfere with a survey mark.\nPenalty: Division 7 fine.\n\t(2)\tThis section does not apply—\n\t(a)\tin relation to interference with a survey mark (other than a permanent survey mark) in the course of the erection or maintenance of a fence or other permanent improvement on the boundary defined by that survey mark; or\n\t(b)\tin relation to interference with a survey mark (other than a permanent survey mark) by a licensed surveyor, or a person acting under the supervision of a licensed surveyor, in the course of a survey if, as soon as reasonably practicable after the interference, the surveyor or other person reinstates the survey mark; or\n\t(c)\tin relation to interference with a survey mark (other than a permanent survey mark) in the course of works for the provision of roads, drains or other services in association with the division of land.\n\t(3)\tWhere a person has contravened subsection (1) and the survey mark interfered with has been reinstated, the cost of that reinstatement may be recovered as a debt by the person who reinstated the survey mark from the person who contravened subsection (1).\n53—Offence to hinder or obstruct\n\t(1)\tA person must not, without reasonable excuse, hinder or obstruct a person in the exercise of a power conferred by this Act.\nPenalty: Division 6 fine.\n\t(2)\tA person must not, without reasonable excuse, refuse or fail to comply with a requirement made by a person for the purposes of an investigation under this Act.\nPenalty: Division 6 fine.\n54—False or misleading information\nA person must not, in furnishing information required under this Act, make a statement that is false or misleading in a material particular.\nPenalty: Division 7 fine.\n55—Confidentiality\nA person must not divulge information obtained in the course of an investigation under this Act except—\n\t(a)\tas authorised by or under this Act; or\n\t(b)\twith the consent of the person from whom the information was obtained or to whom the information relates; or\n\t(c)\tin connection with the administration of this Act; or\n\t(d)\tfor the purpose of legal proceedings arising out of the administration of this Act.\nPenalty: Division 5 fine.\n55A—Victimisation\n\t(1)\tA person commits an act of victimisation against another person (the victim) if he or she causes detriment to the victim on the ground, or substantially on the ground, that the victim—\n\t(a)\thas disclosed or intends to disclose information; or\n\t(b)\thas made or intends to make an allegation,\nthat has given rise, or could give rise, to proceedings against the person under this Act.\n\t(2)\tAn act of victimisation under this Act may be dealt with—\n\t(a)\tas a tort; or\n\t(b)\tas if it were an act of victimisation under the Equal Opportunity Act 1984,\nbut, if the victim commences proceedings in a court seeking a remedy in tort, he or she cannot subsequently lodge a complaint under the Equal Opportunity Act 1984 and, conversely, if the victim lodges a complaint under that Act, he or she cannot subsequently commence proceedings in a court seeking a remedy in tort.\n\t(3)\tWhere a complaint alleging an act of victimisation under this Act has been lodged with the Commissioner for Equal Opportunity and the Commissioner is of the opinion that the subject matter of the complaint has already been adequately dealt with by a competent authority, the Commissioner may decline to act on the complaint or to proceed further with action on the complaint.\n\t(4)\tIn this section—\ndetriment includes—\n\t(a)\tinjury, damage or loss; or\n\t(b)\tintimidation or harassment; or\n\t(c)\tdiscrimination, disadvantage or adverse treatment in relation to the victim's employment or business; or\n\t(d)\tthreats of reprisal.\n56—General defence\nIt is a defence to a charge of an offence against this Act if the defendant proves that the offence was not committed intentionally and did not result from any failure on the part of the defendant to take reasonable care to avoid the commission of the offence.\n57—Punishment of conduct that constitutes offence\nSubject to this Act, where conduct constitutes an offence and is also a ground for disciplinary action under this Act, the taking of disciplinary action under this Act is not a bar to conviction and punishment for the offence, nor is conviction and punishment for the offence a bar to disciplinary action under this Act.\n58—Levy on lodgment of plans\nThe Institution of Surveyors may charge a levy of an amount approved by the Minister on each plan certified as correct by a licensed surveyor and lodged in the Lands Titles Registration Office.\n59—Approvals\nAn approval of the Minister, the Surveyor‑General or the Institution of Surveyors under this Act—\n\t(a)\tmust be in writing; and\n\t(b)\tmay be absolute or conditional.\n59A—Parties to proceedings before Tribunal\n\t(1)\tThe Surveyor‑General and the Institution of Surveyors are entitled to be joined as parties to any proceedings before the Tribunal under this Act.\n\t(2)\tThe Surveyor‑General may appear personally in any such proceedings or may be represented at any proceedings by counsel or a person employed in the Public Service.\n60—Evidentiary provision\nIn any legal proceedings, a certificate, purporting to be under the hand of the Registrar, that any person was or was not licensed or registered under this Act at a specified date or as to any other information contained in the register of surveyors established under this Act is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, proof of the information so certified.\n61—Summary offences\n\t(1)\tProceedings for a summary offence against this Act must be commenced—\n\t(a)\tin the case of an expiable offence—within the time limits prescribed for expiable offences by the Summary Procedure Act 1921;\n\t(b)\tin any other case—within 2 years of the date on which the offence is alleged to have been committed or such other period as the Minister may, in a particular case, authorise.\n\t(3)\tA document apparently signed by the Minister and stating that the Minister authorises a specified extension of the period for commencing a particular prosecution is to be accepted, in the absence of proof to the contrary, as proof of the fact so stated.\n62—Service of notices\n\t(1)\tA notice to be given under this Act may be given—\n\t(a)\tby personal service on the person or agent of the person; or\n\t(b)\tby leaving it for the person at the person's place of residence or business with someone apparently over the age of 16 years; or\n\t(c)\tby sending it by post to the person or agent of the person at the person's last known address, or by leaving it in the letterbox to which it would have been delivered if so posted.\n\t(2)\tWhere a notice is to be given under this Act to a person with a registered interest in land and it is not reasonably practicable for it to be given in accordance with subsection (1), the notice may be given by leaving it in a conspicuous position on the land.\n63—Regulations\n\t(1)\tThe Governor may make such regulations as are contemplated by, or as are necessary or expedient for the purposes of, this Act.\n\t(2)\tWithout limiting the generality of subsection (1), the regulations may regulate company names, business names or trading names that may be used by surveyors or require that such names be approved by the Institution of Surveyors.\n\t(3)\tThe regulations may—\n\t(a)\tprescribe fines not exceeding a division 7 fine for contravention of any regulation;\n\t(b)\tapply, adopt or incorporate, with or without modification, any code, standard or other document prepared or approved by a body or authority referred to in the regulation as in force from time to time or as in force at a specified time.\n\t(4)\tWhere a code, standard or other document is applied, adopted or incorporated in regulations—\n\t(a)\ta copy of the code, standard or other document must be kept available for inspection by members of the public, without charge and during normal office hours, at the office of the Surveyor‑General; and\n\t(b)\tin any legal proceedings, evidence of the contents of the code, standard or other document may be given by production of a document purporting to be certified by or on behalf of the Minister as a true copy of the code, standard or other document.\nLegislative history\nNotes\n\t•\tPlease note—References in the legislation to other legislation or instruments or to titles of bodies or offices are not automatically updated as part of the program for the revision and publication of legislation and therefore may be obsolete.\n\t•\tEarlier versions of this Act (historical versions) are listed at the end of the legislative history.\n\t•\tFor further information relating to the Act and subordinate legislation made under the Act see the Index of South Australian Statutes or www.legislation.sa.gov.au.\nLegislation repealed by principal Act\nThe Survey Act 1992 repealed the following:\nSurveyors Act 1975\nPrincipal Act and amendments\nNew entries appear in bold.\nYear\nNo\nTitle\nAssent\nCommencement\n1992\n10\n Survey Act 1992\n16.4.1992\n1.1.1993 (Gazette 10.12.1992 p1752)\n1995\n82\n Statutes Repeal and Amendment (Commercial Tribunal) Act 1995\n30.11.1995\n Pt 5 and Sch 1—10.3.1997 (Gazette 6.3.1997 p1114)\n1999\n64\n Local Government (Implementation) Act 1999\n18.11.1999\n s 10—1.1.2000 (Gazette 9.12.1999 p3113)\n2000\n4\n District Court (Administrative and Disciplinary Division) Amendment Act 2000\n20.4.2000\n Sch 1 cl 43—1.6.2000 (Gazette 18.5.2000 p2554)\n2003\n61\n Survey (Miscellaneous) Amendment Act 2003\n11.12.2003\n1.4.2004 (Gazette 26.2.2004 p613)\n2009\n12\n Survey (Funding and Promotion of Surveying Qualifications) Amendment Act 2009\n16.4.2009\n16.4.2009\n2009\n84\n Statutes Amendment (Public Sector Consequential Amendments) Act 2009\n10.12.2009\nPt 155 (ss 352 & 353)—1.2.2010 (Gazette 28.1.2010 p320)\n2011\n36\n Statutes Amendment (Directors' Liability) Act 2011\n22.9.2011\nPt 22 (s 29)—1.1.2012 (Gazette 15.12.2011 p4988)\n2017\n7\n Statutes Amendment and Repeal (Simplify) Act 2017\n15.3.2017\nPt 36 (ss 141—144)—15.3.2017: s 2(1)\n2017\n51\n Statutes Amendment (SACAT No 2) Act 2017\n28.11.2017\nPt 47 (ss 255 to 266)—4.10.2018 (Gazette 28.6.2018 p2618)\n2019\n45\n Supreme Court (Court of Appeal) Amendment Act 2019\n19.12.2019\nSch 1 (cl 86)—1.1.2021 (Gazette 10.12.2020 p5638)\nProvisions amended\nNew entries appear in bold.\nEntries that relate to provisions that have been deleted appear in italics.\nProvision\nHow varied\nCommencement\nLong title\namended by 61/2003 Sch 2\n1.4.2004\nPt 1\n\n\nss 2 and 3\ndeleted by 61/2003 Sch 2\n1.4.2004\ns 4\n\n\ns 4(1)\n\n\nbeneficiary\ninserted by 61/2003 s 4(1)\n1.4.2004\ncompany\ndeleted by 61/2003 s 4(2)\n1.4.2004\nCourt\ninserted by 82/1995 s 17(a)\n10.3.1997\n\ndeleted by 51/2017 s 255(1)\n4.10.2018\ndirector\nsubstituted by 61/2003 s 4(3)\n1.4.2004\nprescribed relative\ndeleted by 61/2003 s 4(4)\n1.4.2004\nprovide\ninserted by 61/2003 s 4(4)\n1.4.2004\nputative spouse\ndeleted by 61/2003 s 4(4)\n1.4.2004\nshare\ndeleted by 61/2003 s 4(5)\n1.4.2004\nSurvey Advisory Committee\ndeleted by 7/2017 s 141\n15.3.2017\nsurveying services provider\ninserted by 61/2003 s 4(6)\n1.4.2004\nTribunal\ndeleted by 82/1995 s 17(b)\n10.3.1997\n\ninserted by 51/2017 s 255(2)\n4.10.2018\ntrust\ninserted by 61/2003 s 4(7)\n1.4.2004\ntrust or corporate entity\ninserted by 61/2003 s 4(7)\n1.4.2004\ns 4(5)—(8)\ninserted by 61/2003 s 4(8)\n1.4.2004\nPt 2\n\n\nPt 2 Div 2 before deletion by 7/2017\n\n\ns 9A\ninserted by 84/2009 s 352\n1.2.2010\nPt 2 Div 2\ndeleted by 7/2017 s 142\n15.3.2017\nPt 2 Div 3\n\n\ns 10\n\n\ns 10(1)\namended by 12/2009 s 3\n16.4.2009\n\nsubstituted by 7/2017 s 143\n15.3.2017\ns 12\n\n\ns 12(1)\namended by 61/2003 s 5\n1.4.2004\ns 13\n\n\ns 13(1)\nsubstituted by 61/2003 s 6(1)\n1.4.2004\ns 13(2)\namended by 61/2003 s 6(2)\n1.4.2004\ns 13A\ninserted by 61/2003 s 7\n1.4.2004\nPt 3\n\n\nPt 3 Div 1\n\n\ns 14\namended by 61/2003 s 8\n1.4.2004\ns 15\namended by 61/2003 s 9\n1.4.2004\nPt 3 Div 2\n\n\ns 21\n\n\ns 21(1)\namended by 61/2003 s 10\n1.4.2004\ns 21(3)\namended by 61/2003 Sch 2\n1.4.2004\ns 22\n\n\ns 22(2)\ndeleted by 61/2003 s 11\n1.4.2004\ns 24\n\n\ns 24(1)\namended by 61/2003 s 12\n1.4.2004\ns 26\n\n\ns 26(4)\namended by 61/2003 s 13\n1.4.2004\nPt 3 Div 3\nsubstituted by 61/2003 s 14\n1.4.2004\nPt 3 Div 4\n\n\ns 34\n\n\ns 34(1)\namended by 61/2003 s 15(1)\n1.4.2004\ns 34(2)\nsubstituted by 61/2003 s 15(2)\n1.4.2004\ns 34(3) and (4)\ninserted by 61/2003 s 15(2)\n1.4.2004\ns 35\n\n\ns 35(1)\nsubstituted by 61/2003 s 16\n1.4.2004\ns 36\n\n\ns 36(1)\namended by 82/1995 s 18(a)\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 61/2003 s 17(1)\n1.4.2004\ns 36(4)\namended by 61/2003 s 17(2)\n1.4.2004\ns 36(6)\namended by 82/1995 s 18(b)\n10.3.1997\ns 37\n\n\ns 37(1)\namended by 82/1995 s 19\n10.3.1997\n\nsubstituted by 61/2003 s 18(1)\n1.4.2004\n\namended by 51/2017 s 256(1)\n4.10.2018\ns 37(2)\ndeleted by 61/2003 s 18(1)\n1.4.2004\ns 37(3)\namended by 61/2003 s 18(2)\n1.4.2004\n\namended by 51/2017 s 256(2)\n4.10.2018\ns 38\n\n\ns 38(1)\namended by 82/1995 s 20(a)\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 61/2003 s 19(1)\n1.4.2004\n\namended by 51/2017 s 257(1)\n4.10.2018\ns 38(2)\nsubstituted by 82/1995 s 20(b)\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 51/2017 s 257(2)\n4.10.2018\ns 38(3)\nsubstituted by 82/1995 s 20(b)\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 51/2017 s 257(3)\n4.10.2018\ns 38(4) and (5)\ndeleted by 82/1995 s 20(b)\n10.3.1997\ns 38(6)\namended by 82/1995 s 20(c)\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 61/2003 s 19(2)\n1.4.2004\n\namended by 51/2017 s 257(4)—(6)\n4.10.2018\ns 38(8)\namended by 82/1995 s 20(d)\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 51/2017 s 257(7), (8)\n4.10.2018\ns 38(9)\namended by 82/1995 s 20(e)\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 51/2017 s 257(9)\n4.10.2018\ns 38A\ninserted by 82/1995 s 21\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 4/2000 s 9(1) (Sch 1 cl 43(a))\n1.6.2000\n\nsubstituted by 51/2017 s 258\n4.10.2018\ns 39\namended by 82/1995 s 22\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 51/2017 s 259\n4.10.2018\ns 40\n\n\ns 40(1)\namended by 82/1995 s 23(a)\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 51/2017 s 260(1)\n4.10.2018\ns 40(2)\namended by 82/1995 s 23(b)\n10.3.1997\n\nsubstituted by 61/2003 s 20\n1.4.2004\n\namended by 51/2017 s 260(2)\n4.10.2018\ns 40(3)\namended by 82/1995 s 23(c)\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 51/2017 s 260(3)\n4.10.2018\ns 40(4)\namended by 82/1995 s 23(d)\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 51/2017 s 260(4)\n4.10.2018\ns 41\n\n\ns 41(1)\namended by 82/1995 s 24(a)\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 51/2017 s 261(1)\n4.10.2018\ns 41(2)\namended by 82/1995 s 24(b)\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 51/2017 s 261(2)\n4.10.2018\nPt 3 Div 5\n\n\nheading\namended by 82/1995 s 25\n10.3.1997\n\nsubstituted by 51/2017 s 262\n4.10.2018\ns 42\n\n\ns 42(1)\namended by 82/1995 s 26(a)\n10.3.1997\n\nsubstituted by 51/2017 s 263(1)\n4.10.2018\ns 42(2)\namended by 82/1995 s 26(b)\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 4/2000 s 9(1) (Sch 1 cl 43(b))\n1.6.2000\n\nsubstituted by 51/2017 s 263(1)\n4.10.2018\ns 42(3)\namended by 82/1995 s 26(c)\n10.3.1997\n\ndeleted by 4/2000 s 9(1) (Sch 1 cl 43(c))\n1.6.2000\ns 42(4)\namended by 82/1995 s 26(d)\n10.3.1997\n\ndeleted by 4/2000 s 9(1) (Sch 1 cl 43(d))\n1.6.2000\ns 42(5)\namended by 82/1995 s 26(e)\n10.3.1997\n\ndeleted by 51/2017 s 263(2)\n4.10.2018\ns 42(7)\namended by 51/2017 s 263(3)\n4.10.2018\ns 42(8)\namended by 82/1995 s 26(f)\n10.3.1997\n\nsubstituted by 51/2017 s 263(4)\n4.10.2018\nPt 4\n\n\ns 43\n\n\ns 43(4)\namended by 7/2017 s 144\n15.3.2017\ns 44\n\n\ns 44(1)\namended by 82/1995 s 27\n10.3.1997\n\namended by 84/2009 s 353\n1.2.2010\ns 44(4)\namended by 61/2003 s 21\n1.4.2004\nPt 5\n\n\nPt 5 Div 2\n\n\ns 50\n\n\ns 50(1a)\ninserted by 64/1999 s 10(a)\n1.1.2000\ns 50(2)\namended by 64/1999 s 10(b)\n1.1.2000\ns 50(4)\ndeleted by 64/1999 s 10(c)\n1.1.2000\ns 51\n\n\ns 51(3)\namended by 64/1999 s 10(d)\n1.1.2000\ns 51(4)\namended by 64/1999 s 10(e)\n1.1.2000\ns 51(5a)\ninserted by 64/1999 s 10(f)\n1.1.2000\ns 51(8)—(10) and (12)\namended by 45/2019 Sch 1 cl 86\n1.1.2021\nPt 6\n\n\ns 55A\ninserted by 61/2003 s 22\n1.4.2004\ns 55B\ninserted by 61/2003 s 22\n1.4.2004\n\ndeleted by 36/2011 s 29\n1.1.2012\ns 59A\ninserted by 82/1995 s 28\n10.3.1997\ns 59A(1)\namended by 51/2017 s 264\n4.10.2018\ns 61\n\n\ns 61(1)\nsubstituted by 61/2003 s 23\n1.4.2004\ns 61(2)\ndeleted by 61/2003 s 23\n1.4.2004\nSch 1 before deletion by 51/2017\ninserted by 82/1995 s 29 (Sch 1)\n10.3.1997\nscl (5)\namended by 4/2000 s 9(1) (Sch 1 cl 43(e))\n1.6.2000\nSch 1\ndeleted by 51/2017 s 265\n4.10.2018\nSch 2\nSch redesignated as Sch 2 by 82/1995 s 29\n10.3.1997\n\ndeleted by 61/2003 Sch 2\n1.4.2004\nTransitional etc provisions associated with Act or amendments\nStatutes Repeal and Amendment (Commercial Tribunal) Act 1995\n30—Transitional provision\nWhere an order is in force under Division 4 of Part 3 of the principal Act immediately before the commencement of this section—\n\t(a)\timposing conditions on a person's licence or registration to practice surveying; or\n\t(b)\tsuspending a person's licence or registration to practice surveying; or\n\t(c)\tdisqualifying a person from being licensed or registered to practice surveying,\nthe order has effect as if it were an order of the Administrative and Disciplinary Division of the District Court under that Division of the principal Act as amended by this Act.\nSurvey (Miscellaneous) Amendment Act 2003, Sch 1—Transitional provisions\n1—Companies\nA company that was, immediately before the commencement of this section, licensed or registered as a surveyor under the principal Act will be taken to have been removed from the register of surveyors.\n2—Licences and registrations\nA licence or registration in force immediately before the commencement of this section remains in force until next 31 December and may then be renewed for a period of either 6 or 18 months to end on 30 June.\n3—Annual reports\nThe first annual report required to be delivered to the Minister by the Institution of Surveyors after the commencement of this section must be in relation to the period since the last annual report, being a period of either 6 or 18 months ending on 30 June.\nStatutes Amendment (SACAT No 2) Act 2017, Pt 47\n266—Transitional provisions\n\t(1)\tA right to lodge a complaint with the District Court under Part 3 Division 4 of the principal Act with respect to a matter in existence before the relevant day (but not exercised before that day) will be exercised as if this Part had been in operation before that right arose, so that the relevant proceedings may be commenced before the Tribunal rather than the District Court.\n\t(2)\tA right of appeal to the District Court under Part 3 Division 5 of the principal Act with respect to a matter in existence before the relevant day (but not exercised before that day) will be exercised as if this Part had been in operation before that right arose, so that the relevant proceedings may be commenced before the Tribunal rather than the District Court.\n\t(3)\tA decision or approval of the District Court under Part 3 of the principal Act in force immediately before the relevant day will, on and from the relevant day, be taken to be a decision or approval of the Tribunal.\n\t(4)\tNothing in this section affects any proceedings before the District Court commenced before the relevant day.\n\t(5)\tA member of each panel of persons who may sit as assessors established under Schedule 1 of the principal Act (as in existence immediately before the relevant day) ceases to hold office on the commencement of this subsection and any contract of employment, agreement or arrangement relating to the office held by that member is terminated by force of this subsection at the same time.\n\t(6)\tIn this section—\nprincipal Act means the Survey Act 1992;\nrelevant day means the day on which this Part comes into operation;\nTribunal means the South Australian Civil and Administrative Tribunal established under the South Australian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2013.\nHistorical versions\nReprint No 1—10.3.1997\n\nReprint No 2—1.1.2000\n\nReprint No 3—1.6.2000\n\n1.4.2004\n\n16.4.2009\n\n1.2.2010\n\n1.1.2012\n\n15.3.2017\n\n4.10.2018\n\nAppendix—Divisional penalties and expiation fees\nAt the date of publication of this version divisional penalties and expiation fees are, as provided by section 28A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1915, as follows:\n\nDivision\nMaximum imprisonment\nMaximum fine\nExpiation fee\n1\n15 years\n$60 000\n—\n2\n10 years\n$40 000\n—\n3\n7 years\n$30 000\n—\n4\n4 years\n$15 000\n—\n5\n2 years\n$8 000\n—\n6\n1 year\n$4 000\n$300\n7\n6 months\n$2 000\n$200\n8\n3 months\n$1 000\n$150\n9\n–\n$500\n$100\n10\n–\n$200\n$75\n11\n–\n$100\n$50\n12\n–\n$50\n$25\nNote: This appendix is provided for convenience of reference only.","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act's scope has been widened since enactment. Amendments introduced the concept of a 'surveying services provider' and extended liability and discipline beyond individual surveyors (definition and ss28,34). Disciplinary and review jurisdiction was moved to the South Australian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (see s59A and legislative history entries), and the Surveyor‑General's investigatory and rectification powers and the coordinated cadastre regime were clarified/expanded (ss44–49,50–51). These changes shift responsibilities between administrative bodies, broaden who can be disciplined, and add procedural layers (fees/levies and notice/appeal requirements)."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple decision‑makers with overlapping roles: Surveyor‑General, Institution of Surveyors, Registrar and Tribunal (ss5,10–11,59A,38)","Detailed licensing, renewal and conditional‑licence regimes with continuing education and indemnity requirements (ss21–26,19)","Extensive disciplinary and investigatory framework including powers to inspect, seize records and prosecute (ss34–38,36,44)","Technical substantive rules (survey instructions, coordinated cadastre, Confused Boundary Areas) requiring specialised implementation (ss43,49–51)","Numerous offences and tiered penalties tied to divisional fines and expiation scheme (multiple offence provisions and Appendix)","Significant delegated discretion (delegations by Surveyor‑General and Governor’s survey instructions) which affects uniformity of application (s6, s43(3))","Administrative and procedural complexity around notifications, appeals and review paths (ss51(4)–(11),42)","Interaction with other land laws and registries (Lands Titles Registration Office, Real Property Act) introducing cross‑agency dependencies (s43(5),51(11),13(2))"],"plain_english_summary":"This Act sets the rules for who may practise surveying in South Australia: it requires licences to place survey marks or carry out cadastral surveys for reward and creates an administrative regime (Institution of Surveyors and Registrar) to grant, condition and renew licences (ss14–15, ss10–11, s21). The Surveyor‑General may enter land, investigate and require rectification of defective surveys and establish a coordinated cadastre; surveyors pay fees, levies and must hold indemnity and meet continuing‑education requirements (ss5–7, ss44–49, ss12,19,26,58)."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"summary":{"complexity_score":1,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Scope assessment cannot be performed as the legislative text was not accessible. The page returned an error due to a website infrastructure change on 24 March 2026 that invalidated older hyperlinks."},"complexity_factors":["No legislative content was retrievable — the source URL returned a 404 Page Not Found error","Analysis is impossible without the actual text of the Act","Complexity score of 1 reflects absence of content, not simplicity of the underlying law"],"plain_english_summary":"**⚠️ Content Unavailable**\n\nThe actual text of the **Survey Act 1992 (SA)** could not be retrieved. The link provided returned a **'Page Not Found'** error from the South Australian legislation website, likely due to a website update that occurred around **24 March 2026** which broke older hyperlinks.\n\n**What we know from the title alone:**\nThe *Survey Act 1992* is a South Australian law that historically governs the regulation of land surveying in South Australia — including the licensing of surveyors, standards for conducting surveys, and how survey plans are lodged and recognised for legal purposes (such as property boundaries and land titles).\n\n**Who it typically affects:**\n- Licensed land surveyors and surveying businesses\n- Property developers and landowners\n- Conveyancers and property lawyers\n- Government agencies dealing with land titles and cadastral (land boundary) records\n\n**To access the actual legislation**, visit [www.legislation.sa.gov.au](https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au) and search directly for 'Survey Act 1992'."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The original 1992 Act focused primarily on individual surveyor licensing and basic surveying standards. However, significant amendments—particularly the 2003 Survey (Miscellaneous) Amendment Act—substantially expanded the scope to regulate 'surveying services providers' (corporations and trusts that employ surveyors). This introduced complex corporate governance concepts including definitions of 'position of authority,' director liability, and trust beneficiary rules. The Act also grew to include whistleblower protections (section 55A), victimisation remedies linked to equal opportunity law, and a detailed 'Confused Boundary Area' regime that functions as a form of administrative land titling dispute resolution. The 2017 amendments transferring jurisdiction from the District Court to SACAT further embedded the Act within broader administrative law frameworks. What began as a straightforward professional licensing statute now operates as a hybrid of professional regulation, consumer protection, and land administration law."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple overlapping categories of practitioners (licensed vs registered surveyors) with subtle distinctions in section 4(2)-(3)","Complex definition of 'position of authority' in trusts and corporate entities spanning subsections 4(6)-(8), including specific carve-outs for minors and charitable beneficiaries","Extensive cross-referencing to external legislation (South Australian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2013, Real Property Act 1886, Equal Opportunity Act 1984)","Nested disciplinary framework involving three entities: Institution of Surveyors (investigation), Tribunal (adjudication), and Surveyor-General (oversight and policy)","Dual-track liability for surveying services providers and their controllers (sections 28, 34(2)-(3), 40(2))","Conditional and time-bound licensing provisions with cascading renewal rules (sections 23, 24, 26)","Automatic mutual recognition provisions with other jurisdictions that trigger suspension/cancellation without separate hearing (section 41)","Complex procedural requirements for Confused Boundary Areas including Gazette notices, multiple notification classes, 28-day objection periods, and Supreme Court appeals (sections 50-51)","Delegated legislative power for 'survey instructions' that can vary by time, place and circumstance (section 43(3))","Multiple penalty divisions referenced throughout (Division 4 through Division 8 fines) requiring cross-reference to Appendix table"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this law does:**\n\nThis is South Australia's **Survey Act 1992**, which sets up a comprehensive system for regulating who can work as a surveyor and how land surveying must be done in the state.\n\n**Key things it covers:**\n\n*   **Licensing and registration:** Only licensed surveyors can place survey marks on land or carry out boundary surveys for money. The Act creates two categories—\"licensed\" and \"registered\" surveyors—and sets out how people qualify, apply, renew, and maintain their credentials through continuing education.\n*   **Professional standards:** The Institution of Surveyors (a professional body) handles day-to-day administration including maintaining a register of surveyors, processing complaints, and investigating misconduct. Serious disciplinary matters go to the South Australian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (SACAT), which can fine, suspend, or disqualify surveyors.\n*   **Surveying work rules:** The Surveyor-General issues technical instructions for how surveys must be conducted, can investigate defective surveys, and can order surveyors to fix mistakes. The Act also establishes a \"coordinated cadastre\"—a state-wide network of permanent survey marks with recorded coordinates to ensure consistency in land boundaries.\n*   **Special procedures for disputed boundaries:** In \"Confused Boundary Areas\" (where fences and occupation don't match official records), surveys must be done based on what's \"fair and equitable\" rather than strict historical records, with a public notification and objection process.\n*   **Protection against interference:** It's an offence to damage or remove survey marks without approval, and surveyors have legal rights to enter land to do their work.\n*   **Protection for whistleblowers:** The Act includes specific protections against victimisation (retaliation) for people who report misconduct.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n\n*   Licensed and registered surveyors working in South Australia\n*   People or companies employing surveyors (\"surveying services providers\")\n*   Landowners, especially those in areas with boundary disputes\n*   The Institution of Surveyors and the Surveyor-General's office\n\n**Why it matters:**\n\nLand boundaries are fundamental to property ownership. This Act ensures that only qualified, insured professionals can define those boundaries, maintains consistent standards across the state, provides a way to fix surveying errors, and offers a special process to resolve long-standing boundary confusion where fences and paperwork don't match."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/survey-act-1992","history":"/api/acts/survey-act-1992/history","analysis":"/api/acts/survey-act-1992/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/survey-act-1992/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/survey-act-1992/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/survey-act-1992/documents"}}