{"id":"F2024L00163","name":"Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse Heritage Management Plan 2023","slug":"sugarloaf-point-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":105088,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2024L00163-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse Heritage Management Plan 2023","content":"![Cover page which reads \"Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse Heritage Management Plan 2023\", accompanied by a photograph of a white lighthouse tower with large prismatic lens sitting inside a large lantern house. ](image.001.jpeg) \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n![Commonwealth Coat of Arms of Australia. Text with the words Australian Government.\nText with the words Australian Maritime Safety Authority\n](image.002.png)\n\nSugarloaf Point Lighthouse\n\nHeritage Management Plan\n\n2023 \n\n \n\nThe Australian Maritime Safety Authority makes this heritage management plan under section 341S of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) for Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse.\n\n18 December 2023\n\nMick Kinley\n\nChief Executive Officer\n\nCopyright\n\n© Australian Maritime Safety Authority\n\nThe Australian Maritime Safety Authority encourages the dissemination and exchange of information provided in this publication.\n\nExcept as otherwise specified, all material presented in this publication is provided under [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) licence. This excludes:\n\n- the Commonwealth Coat of Arms\n- this department's logo\n- content supplied by third parties.\n\nThe Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence is a standard form licence agreement that allows you to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this publication provided that you attribute the work. The details of the version 4.0 of the licence are available on the [Creative Commons website](https://creativecommons.org/), as is the full [legal code](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode) for that licence.\n\nThird party copyright\n\nSome material in this document, made available under the Creative Commons Licence framework, may be derived from material supplied by third parties. The Australian Maritime Safety Authority has made all reasonable efforts to identify content supplied by third parties using the following format ‘© \\[name of third party\\]’ or ‘Source: \\[name of third party\\]’.\n\nPermission may need to be obtained from third parties to re-use their material.\n\nAcknowledgements\n\nThe Australian Maritime Safety Authority acknowledges the Traditional Custodians of country throughout Australia and their connections to land, sea and community.\n\nContact\n\nComments or questions regarding this document should be addressed to:\n\nThe Australian Maritime Safety Authority,\n\nManager Asset Management and Preparedness,\n\nPO Box 10790,\n\nAdelaide Street, Brisbane QLD 4000\n\nPhone: (02) 6279 5000 (switchboard)\n\nEmail: Heritage@amsa.gov.au\n\nWebsite: [www.amsa.gov.au](http://www.amsa.gov.au)\n\nAttribution\n\nThe Australian Maritime Safety Authority’s preference is that you attribute this publication (and any material sourced from it) using the following wording:\n\nSource: Australian Maritime Safety Authority Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse Heritage Management Plan – 2022\n\nFront cover image:\n\nFigure 1. Cover photo of Sugarloaf Lighthouse (Source: AMSA, 2014)\n\nMore information:\n\nFor enquiries regarding copyright including requests to use material in a way that is beyond the scope of the terms of use that apply to it, please contact us through our website: [www.amsa.gov.au](http://www.amsa.gov.au)\n\nTable of contents\n\nExecutive summary\n\n Introduction\n\n Background and purpose\n Heritage management plan objectives\n Methodology\n Status\n Authorship\n Acknowledgements\n Language\n Previous reports\n Sources of information and images\n\n 2. Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse site\n 2.1 Location\n 2.2 Setting and landscape\n 2.3 Lease\n 2.4 Access\n 2.5 Listings\n\n 3. History\n 3.1 General history of lighthouses in Australia\n 3.2 The Commonwealth Lighthouse Service\n 3.3 Sugarloaf Point: a history\n 3.4 Why a lighthouse on Sugarloaf Point?\n 3.5 Building a lighthouse\n 3.6 Lighthouse keeping\n 3.7 Chronology of major events\n 3.8 Changes and conservation over time\n 3.9 Summary of current and former uses\n 3.10 Summary of past and present community associations\n 3.11 Unresolved questions or historical conflicts\n 3.12 Recommendations for further research\n\n 4. Fabric\n 4.1 Fabric register\n 4.2 Related object and associated AMSA artefacts\n 4.3 Comparative analysis\n\n 5. Heritage significance\n 5.1 Commonwealth heritage listing – Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse\n 5.2 NSW State heritage register listing\n 5.3 Condition and integrity of Commonwealth heritage values\n 5.4 Gain or loss of Commonwealth heritage values\n\n 6. Opportunities and constraints\n 6.1 Implications arising from significance\n 6.2 Framework: sensitivity to change\n 6.3 Statutory and legislative requirements\n 6.4 Operational requirements and occupier needs\n 6.5 Proposals for change\n 6.6 Potential pressures\n 6.7 Processes for decision-making\n\n 7. Conservation management principles and policies\n\n 8. Policy implementation plan\n 8.1 Plan and schedule\n 8.2 Monitoring and reporting\n\nAppendix 1. Glossary of heritage conservation terms\n\nAppendix 2. Glossary of historic lighthouse terms relevant to Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse\n\nAppendix 3. Table demonstrating compliance with the EPBC Regulations\n\nAppendix 4. Sugarloaf Point current light details\n\nAppendix 5. Sugarloaf Point auxiliary light details\n\nEndnotes\n\nReference list\n\nList of Figures\n\nFigure 1. Cover photo of Sugarloaf Lighthouse (Source: AMSA, 2014)\n\nFigure 2. Planning process applied for heritage management (Source: Australia ICOMOS, 1999)\n\nFigure 3. Location of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse along Australian coastline (Map Data: @2021\n\nGoogle, NASA, TerraMetrics)\n\nFigure 4. Map of Sugarloaf Point and surrounding Myall National Park (Map Data: @2021 Google,\n\nCNES/Airbus, Maxar Technologies)\n\nFigure 5. View of Lighthouse Beach from Sugarloaf Point Lightstation (© AMSA, 2019)\n\nFigure 6. Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse AMSA Lease (Map data: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar\n\nGeographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP,\n\nswisstope, GIS User Community)\n\nFigure 7. View of pedestrian access way to Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse (Source: AMSA, 2020)\n\nFigure 8. Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse (© AMSA, 2019)\n\nFigure 9. Incandescent oil vapour lamp by Chance Brothers (Source: AMSA)\n\nFigure 10. Dioptric lens on display at Narooma (Source: AMSA)\n\nFigure 11. Dalén's system - sunvalve, mixer, flasher and cylinder (Source: AMSA)\n\nFigure 12. Design plan of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse, 1874. Courtesy of the National Archives of\n\nAustralia. NAA: A9568, 1/16/11 (© Commonwealth of Australia, National Archives of Australia)\n\nFigure 13. Grand plan of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse site, 1876. Courtesy of the National Archives of\n\nAustralia. NAA: A9568, 1/16/6 (© Commonwealth of Australia, National Archives of Australia)\n\nFigure 14. Point Perpendicular Lighthouse, NSW (Source: AMSA, 2009)\n\nFigure 15. Cape Byron Lighthouse, NSW (© AMSA, 2018)\n\nFigure 16. Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse, NSW (Source: AMSA, 2009)\n\nFigure 17. Cape Moreton Lighthouse, QLD (Source: AMSA, 2011)\n\n \n\nAcronym List\n\nList of acronyms utilised throughout this heritage management plan:\n\n| Acronym | Definition |\n| ---------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| AGA | Gas Accumulator Company |\n| AMSA | Australian Maritime Safety Authority |\n| AMSG | Australian Maritime Systems Group |\n| AtoN | Aid to Navigation |\n| BBT | Barbier, Benard, et Turenne |\n| CHL | Commonwealth Heritage List |\n| DCCEEW | Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water |\n| EPBC Act | Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) |\n| EPBC Regulations | Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (Cth) |\n| HMP | Heritage Management Plan |\n| IALA | International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities |\n| LED | Light emitting diode |\n| NAA | National Archives of Australia |\n| NES | National Environmental Significance |\n| NLA | National Library of Australia |\n| RMS | Record Management System |\n| RNE | Register for the National Estate (non-statutory archive) |\n\n \n\nExecutive summary\n\nBuilt in 1875, Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse was first lit that same year to assist vessels traversing waters near Seal Rocks, which was considered a ‘danger point’ along the coast. The lighthouse contributed to the ‘highway of lights’ designed by the colony authorities to illuminate the coast of New South Wales throughout the mid to late 19th century.\n\nSugarloaf Point Lighthouse is notable for its heritage significance and was placed on the Commonwealth Heritage List in 2004. As included within its listing, the lighthouse is recognised for its association with the development of navigational aids along the New South Wales coast during a period renowned for the expansion of the colony’s lighthouse network. Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse is notable for its rarity, due to its external stairway and original Chance Brothers optics, and its technical achievement with rendered brick shaft and bluestone gallery. The lighthouse is also significant for its aesthetic position on the headland, its social value, and its association with renowned Colonial Architect James Barnet.\n\nSugarloaf Point Lighthouse is also listed on the New South Wales Heritage Register. As included within its listing, the lighthouse is recognised for its historical and associative significance, as well as for its social and aesthetic value. The lighthouse is also recognised for its rarity, research potential and representativeness.\n\nSituated on Sugarloaf Point within the Myall Lakes National Park, the Lightstation stands in the estate of the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service (NSW NPWS) approximately 285 kilometres north of the Sydney central business district. Originally operated and maintained by the state of New South Wales, the Commonwealth assumed responsibility for coastal lights, including Sugarloaf Point, in 1915. As a working marine aid to navigation (AtoN), the lighthouse tower is operated and managed by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA). AMSA lease the lighthouse from NSW NPWS who manage the larger lightstation complex and surrounding land.\n\nThe lighthouse was originally fitted with a Chance Bros. optic which is still in service today. The light now runs on an automated mechanism as part of AMSA’s network of AtoN. The equipment is serviced by AMSA’s maintenance contractor who visits as least once per year. AMSA officers visit on an ad hoc basis for auditing, project and community liaison purposes.\n\nThis heritage management plan concerns the lighthouse, however it also addresses the management of the surrounding land. The plan is intended to guide AMSA’s decisions and actions. We have prepared this plan to integrate the heritage values of the lighthouse in accordance with the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth), and the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (Cth).\n\nBeing well built and generally well maintained, the Lighthouse precinct is in relatively good, stable condition. The policies and management guidelines set out in this heritage management plan strive to ensure that the Commonwealth heritage values of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse are recognised, maintained, and preserved for future generations.\n\n![Decorative cover page which reads \"1. Introduction\"](image.003.jpeg) \n\n Introduction\n\n 1.1 Background and purpose\n\nThe Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) is the Commonwealth agency responsible for marine aids to navigation (AtoN). AMSA’s network includes Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse, built in 1875.\n\nSection 341S of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) (EPBC Act) requires AMSA to prepare a management plan for Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse that addresses the matters prescribed in Schedules 7A and 7B of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (Cth) (EPBC Regulations). The principal features of this management plan are:\n\n a description of the place, its heritage values, their condition and the method used to assess its significance\n an administrative management framework\n a description of any proposals for change\n an array of conservation policies that protect and manage the place\n an implementation plan\n ways the policies will be monitored and how the management plan will be reviewed.\n\nAMSA has prepared this heritage management plan to guide the future conservation of the place. This plan provides the framework and basis for the conservation and best practice management of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse in recognition of its heritage values. The policies in this plan indicate the objectives for identification, protection, conservation and presentation of the Commonwealth heritage values of the place. Figure 2 shows the basic planning process applied.\n\n![Flowchart showing the planning process for heritage management.](image.004.png)\n\nFigure 2. Planning process applied for heritage management (Source: Australia ICOMOS, 1999)\n\n 1.2 Heritage management plan objectives\n\nThe objectives of this heritage management plan are to:\n\n- protect, conserve and manage the Commonwealth heritage values of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse.\n- interpret and promote the Commonwealth heritage values of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse.\n- manage use of the lighthouse.\n- use best practice standards, including ongoing technical and community input, and apply best available knowledge and expertise when considering actions likely to have a substantial impact on Commonwealth heritage values.\n\nIn undertaking these objectives, this plan aims to:\n\n- provide for the protection and conservation of the heritage values of the place while minimising any impacts on the environment by applying the relevant environmental management requirements in a manner consistent with Commonwealth heritage management principles.\n- take into account the significance of the region as a cultural landscape occupied by Aboriginal people over many thousands of years.\n- recognise that the site has been occupied by lease holders since the early 20th century.\n- encourage site use that is compatible with the historical fabric, infrastructure and general environment.\n- record and document maintenance works, and changes to the fabric in Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse fabric register.\n\nThe organisational planning cycle and associated budgeting process is used to confirm requirements, allocate funding and manage delivery of maintenance activities. Detailed planning for the AtoN network is managed through AMSA’s internal planning processes.\n\nAn interactive map showing many of AMSA’s heritage sites, including Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse, can be found at AMSA Heritage Lighthouses Interactive MapP0FP0F[\\[i\\]](#_edn1)PP.\n\n 1.3 Methodology\n\nThe methodology used in the preparation of this plan is consistent with the recommendations of The Burra Charter and with the requirements of Chapter 5, Part 15 Division 1A of the EPBC Act. In particular, the plan:\n\n- details the history of the site based on information sourced from archival research, expert knowledge, and documentary resources.\n- provides a description of the site based on information sourced from site inspection reports and fabric registers.\n- details the Commonwealth heritage criteria satisfied by Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse as set out by the EPBC Regulations.\n\nThe criterion set out at Schedule 7A (h) (i-xiii) informed the development of the required policies for the management of the Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse, in conjunction with input from the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water on best practice management.\n\nConsultation\n\nIn preparation the plan, AMSA sought engagement with the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service (NSW NPWS). NSW NPWS provided information on the management of the larger complex, and recommendations of clarity within sections pertaining to management of the site.\n\nAMSA also sought engagement with the Seal Rocks Protection Society who provided AMSA with insight of the significance of the lighthouse in present day, and marked significant features within the tower.\n\nAMSA sought engagement with Traditional Stakeholder parties with interests in the Sugarloaf Point region under direction from Heritage NSW (Department of Premier and Cabinet, NSW). AMSA is yet to receive responses from all stakeholders and future versions of the plan will provide an update on this consultation process. Of the responses received, these have offered positive comments.\n\nThe draft management plan was advertised in accordance with the EPBC Act and EPBC Regulations. On 7 October 2022 a notice was placed in The Australian newspaper publication which invited the general public to review the draft plan on AMSA’s website and provide feedback. Public consultation closed on 4 November 2022 and submissions were reviewed by the Heritage Team.\n\nA developed draft was submitted to the Minister through the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (Heritage Branch) and in that process the Minister’s delegate sought advice from the Australian Heritage Council and found the plan to be not inconsistent with the requirements of EPBC Act and EPBC Regulations.\n\nNo updates or amendments have been made in this version of the plan. Future updates and amendments will be listed here.\n\n 1.4 Status\n\nThis plan has been adopted by AMSA in accordance with Schedule 7A (Management plans for Commonwealth Heritage places) and Schedule 7B (Commonwealth Heritage management principles) of the EPBC Regulations to guide the management of the place and for inclusion in the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments.\n\n 1.5 Authorship\n\nThis plan has been prepared by AMSA. At the initial time of publication, the Australian Maritime Systems Group (AMSG) is the contract maintenance provider for the Commonwealth Government’s AtoN network including Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse.\n\n 1.6 Acknowledgements\n\nAMSA acknowledges professional assistance of the NSW NPWS and the Seal Rocks Protection Society on this heritage management plan.\n\n 1.7 Language\n\nFor clarity and consistency, some words in this plan such as restoration, reconstruction and preservation, are used with the meanings defined in the Burra Charter[\\[ii\\]](#_edn2). (See Appendix 1 Glossary of heritage conservation terms). Also see ‘Appendix 2 Glossary of lighthouse terminology relevant to Sugarloaf Point which sets out the technical terminology used in this plan.\n\n 1.8 Previous reports\n\n Clive Lucas, Stapleton and Partners PTY. LTD prepared a Conservation Management Plan for AMSA in 1995.[\\[iii\\]](#_edn3)\n Suters Architects PTY LTD prepared a Conservation Management Plan for AMSA in 1999.[\\[iv\\]](#_edn4)\n Graham Brooks and Associates PTY LTD prepared a Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan for NSW NPWS in 2001.[\\[v\\]](#_edn5)\n NSW NPWS prepared a Myall Lakes National Park Plan of Management in 2002.[\\[vi\\]](#_edn6)\n Graham Brooks and Associates PTY LTD prepared a Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse Precinct Conservation Management Plan for NSW NPWS in 2004.[\\[vii\\]](#_edn7)\n Peter Marquis-Kyle prepared a Heritage Asset Condition Report for AMSA in 2007.[\\[viii\\]](#_edn8)\n Australian Maritime Systems Group prepared an Heritage Asset Condition Report (4th Revision) for AMSA in 2022.[\\[ix\\]](#_edn9)\n\n 1.9 Sources of information and images\n\nThis plan has used a number of sources of information. This includes the National Archives of Australia (NAA), the National Library of Australia (NLA) and AMSA’s heritage collection.\n\n![Decorative cover page which reads \"2. Sugarloaf Point Lightstation site\".](image.005.png) \n\n 2. Sugarloaf Point Lightstation site\n 2.1 Location\n\nSugarloaf Point Lighthouse is located within the Myall Lakes National Park, approximately 285 kilometres north of the Sydney central business district within the Myall Lakes National Park.\n\nLighthouse coordinates: 32° 26.4630’ S, 152° 32.3450’ E.\n\n![Satellite map of Australia with red marker indicating location of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse on eastern coastline. ](image.006.png)Figure 3. Location of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse along Australian coastline (Map Data: @2021 Google, NASA, TerraMetrics)\n\n 2.2 Setting and landscape\n\nSugarloaf Point Lighthouse is located on the eastern side of Sugarloaf Point. This area comprises the north–eastern portion of Myall Lakes National Park. Sugarloaf Point is a significant landmark along the coastline with views from the Lighthouse to Charlotte Head in the north and south to Broughton Island and Yacaaba Headland. The underlying geology reflected in the jagged and inclined rock platforms and sheer cliffs provides a strong character that dominates the environment.\n\nThe lightstation is comprised of the tower, flag locker and flagstaff, two keeper’s cottages and a powerhouse. The collection of buildings are all within close proximity to each other and contribute to the visual aesthetic of the region. Although the lighthouse tower and powerhouse are the only buildings to have retained their original function, the site demonstrates a relatively intact 19th century lightstation.\n\n![Satellite map of Seal Rocks and Sugarloaf Point with red market indicating location of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse on Point. ](image.007.png) Figure 4. Map of Sugarloaf Point and surrounding Myall National Park (Map Data: @2021 Google, CNES/Airbus, Maxar Technologies) ![Photography showing a long sandy beach with blue waves and surrounded by green vegetation.](image.008.jpeg)\n\nFigure 5. View of Lighthouse Beach from Sugarloaf Point Lightstation (© AMSA, 2019)\n\nFauna and flora\n\nThe headland consists of coastal forests and eucalypt woodlands with the associated dune vegetation communities behind the beaches. The vegetation along the cliffs is largely coastal heathland and shows evidence of the strong winds that sweep the peninsula. Weed infestation varies depending on the exposure to settlement patterns; particularly the vehicular tracks that link the area.\n\n 2.3 Lease\n\nAMSA lease the lighthouse and a small parcel of land from the Minister administering the National Parks and Wildlife Act (NSW) through the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service (NSW NPWS), the state body responsible for Myall Lakes National Park and larger Sugarloaf Point Lightstation complex.\n\nThere are two AMSA leases which cover Lot 1 (the lighthouse tower) and Lot 2 (access paths and the Signal hut) of DP847752, a land area of approximately 560 m2 which sits wholly within the Myall Lakes National Park. The current leases were signed on 1 July 1997, and both have an option for extension for a further 25 years. At the time this plan was prepared, lease renewal negotiations were underway.\n\n![Map of AMSA's leased area of the Sugarloaf point Lightstation.](image.009.png) Figure 6. Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse AMSA Lease (Map data: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstope, GIS User Community)\n\nNSW National Parks and Wildlife Service\n\nAMSA maintains a collaborative working relationship with NSW NPWS. AMSA and NSW NPWS have coordinated the admittance of official tour groups for significant events at the lightstation throughout the 21st century.\n\nProject works and works impacting the larger lightstation require prior notification, and access rights are subject to negotiations between AMSA and NSW NPWS due to the nature and location of the site. The lease also stipulates that AMSA must comply with any applicable management plan and State environmental laws. In the case of Sugarloaf Point, AMSA must comply with the Myall Lakes National Park Plan of Management for the precinct which can be found at;\n\n[http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/~/media/A8F60B87BED148558FA36980702445C9.ashx](http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/~/media/A8F60B87BED148558FA36980702445C9.ashx)\n\n 2.4 Access\n\nA sealed road runs from Seal Rocks village for approximately one kilometre to the lightstation, with vehicle access limited to service vehicles and holiday tenants of the Keeper’s cottages who can leave vehicles near the garages. General public access is by walking trails from Seal Rocks. The last few hundred meters up to the Lighthouse itself is pedestrian only.\n\nAccess to the Sugarloaf Point headland is via a sealed road that winds up from the Seal Rocks village to the keepers’ cottages. From the parking area in the village there is only pedestrian access for the public unless staying at the cottages. There is no vehicle access beyond the Keepers’ Quarters, only a sealed pedestrian way up to the Lighthouse. The Keepers’ trolley way is no longer in use.\n\nAccess inside the lighthouse tower is restricted to AMSA employees and authorised personnel.\n\n![Photograph showing steep pathway snaking through vegetation down towards lightstation cottages. ](image.010.jpeg)\n\nFigure 7. View of pedestrian access way to Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse (© AMSA, 2020)\n\n![Photograph of white lighthouse tower nestled on a tall promontory surrounded by green vegetation, overlooking a rocky coastline. ](image.011.jpeg)\n\nFigure 8. Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse (© AMSA 2019)\n\n 2.5 Listings\n\nSugarloaf Point Lighthouse is listed on the following heritage registers:\n\n| List | ID |\n| ------------------------------- | ---------- |\n| Commonwealth Heritage List | 105602[x] |\n| Register of the National Estate | 103604[xi] |\n| NSW State Heritage Register | 02025[xii] |\n\nThe place is also located in local government area “Great Lakes region” within the Mid-Coast Council and is listed in the Great Lakes Local Environment Plan as Local Heritage Item number I30.\n\n![Decorative cover page which reads \"3. History\".](image.012.jpeg) \n\n3. History\n\n 3.1 General history of lighthouses in Australia\n\nThe first lighthouse to be constructed on Australian soil was Macquarie Lighthouse, located at the entrance to Port Jackson, NSW. First lit in 1818, the cost of the lighthouse was recovered through the introduction of a levy on shipping. This was instigated by Governor Lachlan Macquarie, who ordered and named the light.\n\nThe following century oversaw the construction of hundreds of lighthouses around the country. Constructing and maintaining a lighthouse were costly ventures that often required the financial support of multiple colonies. However, they were deemed necessary aids in assisting the safety of mariners at sea. Lighthouses were firstly managed by the colony they lay within, with each colony developing their own style of lighthouse and operational system. Following Federation in 1901, which saw the various colonies unite under one Commonwealth government, lighthouse management was transferred from state hands to the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service.\n\nLamps and optics: an overview\n\nLighthouse technology has altered drastically over the centuries. Eighteenth century lighthouses were lit using parabolic mirrors and oil lamps. Documentation of early examples of parabolic mirrors in the United Kingdom, circa 1760, were documented as consisting of wood and lined with pieces of looking glass or plates of tin. As described by Searle, “When light hits a shiny surface, it is reflected at an angle equal to that at which it hit. With a light source is placed in the focal point of a parabolic reflector, the light rays are reflected parallel to one another, producing a concentrated beam”.[\\[xiii\\]](#_edn13)\n\nIn 1822, Augustin Fresnel invented the dioptric glass lens. By crafting concentric annular rings with a convex lens, Fresnel had discovered a method of reducing the amount of light absorbed by a lens. The Dioptric System was adopted quickly with Cordouran Lighthouse (France), which was fitted with the first dioptric lens in 1823. The majority of heritage-listed lighthouses in Australia house dioptric lenses made by others such as Chance Brothers (United Kingdom), Henry-LePaute (France), Barbier, Bernard & Turenne (BBT, France) and Svenska Aktiebolaget Gasaccumulator (AGA of Sweden). These lenses were made in a range of standard sizes, called orders—see ‘Appendix 2. Glossary of lighthouse Terms relevant to Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse’.\n\n![A photograph of an incandescent kerosene burner with green tanks and manual pumping handle attached. ](image.013.jpeg)![Photograph showing large lighthouse lens with hundreds of prismatic glass pieces arranged in concentric circles. Lens is sitting on a round, green pedestal.](image.014.jpeg)\n\nFigure 9. Incandescent oil vapour lamp by Chance Brothers (Source: AMSA)\n\nFigure 10. Dioptric lens on display at Narooma (Source: AMSA)\n\nEarly Australian lighthouses were originally fuelled by whale oil and burned in Argand lamps, and multiple wicks were required in order to create a large flame that could be observed from sea. By the 1850s, whale oil had been replaced by colza oil, which was in turn replaced by kerosene, a mineral oil.\n\nIn 1900, incandescent burners were introduced. This saw the burning of fuel inside an incandescent mantle which produced a brighter light with less fuel within a smaller volume. Light keepers were required to maintain pressure to the burner by manually pumping a handle as can be seen in Figure 9.\n\nIn 1912, Swedish engineer Gustaf Dalén, was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for a series of inventions relating to acetylene-powered navigation lights. Dalén’s system included the sun valve, the mixer, the flasher, and the cylinder containing compressed acetylene. Due to their efficiency and reliability, Dalén’s inventions led to the gradual demanning of lighthouses. Acetylene was quickly adopted by the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service from 1915 onwards.\n\n![Photograph split into three. First photo shows a lighthouse sunvalve. Second photo shows a red lighthouse mixer. Third photo shows a red lighthouse flasher.](image.015.png)\n\nFigure 11. Dalén's system - sunvalve, mixer and flasher (Source: AMSA)\n\nLarge dioptric lenses, such as that shown in Figure 10, gradually decreased in popularity due to cost and the move towards unmanned automatic lighthouses. By the early 1900s, Australia had stopped ordering these lenses with the last installed at Eclipse Island in Western Australia in 1927. Smaller Fresnel lenses continued to be produced and installed until the 1970s when plastic lanterns, still utilising Fresnel’s technology, were favoured instead. Acetylene remained in use until it was finally phased out in the 1990s.\n\nIn the current day, Australian lighthouses are lit and extinguished automatically using mains power, diesel generators, and solar-voltaic systems.\n\n3.2 The Commonwealth Lighthouse Service\n\nWhen the Australian colonies federated in 1901, they decided that the new Commonwealth government would be responsible for coastal lighthouses—that is, major lights used by vessels travelling from port to port—but not the minor lights used for navigation within harbours and rivers. There was a delay before this new arrangement came into effect. Existing lights continued to be operated by the states.\n\nSince 1915, various Commonwealth departments have managed lighthouses. AMSA, established under the Australian Maritime Safety Authority Act 1990 (Cth), is now responsible for operating Commonwealth lighthouses and other aids to navigation, along with its other functions.\n\n 3.3 Sugarloaf Point: a history\n\nAboriginal history \nThe history of the Myall Lakes National Park stretches back many thousands of years. The landscape and its natural resources provided for the Worimi Aboriginal People. Family clans upheld hunter-gatherer lifestyles and thrived off the native fauna and flora, the coastal waterways and freshwater lakes. The park contains a number of significant sites showcasing this extensive history, including middens, scar trees, petroglyphs and campsites.\n\nFurther consultation with Traditional Stakeholders is required.\n\nEarly European history\n\nIn May of 1770, Captain Cook sailed along the NSW coastline in the Endeavour and made the first European record of the coastal area adjacent to the Myall Lakes, including Sugarloaf Point and the rocky outcrops known as Seal Rocks.[\\[xiv\\]](#_edn14) It is believed that the first Europeans to set foot in the area were survivors of the Jane, the Edwin, and the Governor shipwrecks in 1816 which occurred within the vicinity of the rocks. Allegedly five survivors made it ashore, including the captain of the Edwin, and travelled by foot to the settlement of Newcastle.[\\[xv\\]](#_edn15)\n\nIn 1825, the area formed part of a land grant to the newly established Australian Agricultural Company. However, much of the coastal area was reverted back to the Crown.[\\[xvi\\]](#_edn16)\n\n3.4 Why a lighthouse on Sugarloaf Point?\n\nBy the early to mid-19th century, shipping along the coast had increased exponentially. Port Macquarie and Moreton Bay to the north had developed into penal settlements, and cedar trade along the coast meant that Port Stephens, to the south of Sugarloaf, was regularly used as a haven for shipping. It became obvious that the rocky outcrops of Sugarloaf Point and Seal Rocks were shipping hazards. A number of ships were wrecked around this time including the Sally in 1843 and the schooner the Mary Ann only one month after.[\\[xvii\\]](#_edn17)\n\nA Select Committee of the NSW Legislative Council was appointed in 1863 to consider the construction of additional lighthouses on the coast. The Committee identified that there was 600 kilometres of unlit coast between Cape Moreton and Port Stephens.[\\[xviii\\]](#_edn18) Marine Board President Captain Hixson, who held a grand plan to light the coast of NSW “like a highway”, recommended that a lighthouse be erected on Seal Rocks, rather than on the mainland on Sugarloaf Point.[\\[xix\\]](#_edn19) As explained by Garry Searle in First Order: Australia’s high of lighthouses, ‘These rocks were a navigational turning point and steamers leaving Sydney at night arrived there before daylight’.[\\[xx\\]](#_edn20) However it was a further ten years before funds were allocated towards the construction of the Lighthouse.\n\nIn April 1873, the Marine Board attempted to visit Seal Rocks with Colonial Architect James Barnet, however they found it impossible to land on any of the offshore locations.[\\[xxi\\]](#_edn21) It was decided that a new site on Sugarloaf Point be selected instead, and the area for a lighthouse was marked out on the mainland.[\\[xxii\\]](#_edn22) The first sum of £10,000 was placed on the estimates and in October 1873 was voted in for a Lighthouse on Seal Rocks.[\\[xxiii\\]](#_edn23)\n\n 3.5 Building a lighthouse\n\nDesign and construction\n\nOnce the funds were made available, Barnet prepared plans for the proposed lightstation. The designs featured a rendered brick tower with curved balustrades and an external stairway, and the larger lightstation included three Regency-style keepers’ cottages.\n\nTenders were invited in February 1874, and a site visit was arranged for Barnet, the tenderers and some of the Marine Board, landing in Seal Rocks Bay. In April 1874, the calls for tender were readvertised as no tenders had been accepted.[\\[xxiv\\]](#_edn24)\n\nThe tender of Mr John McLeod, £13,383, was accepted shortly afterwards which included the erection of the lighthouse and quarters, the fixing of the lantern and carriage, as well as the road to Myall Lake.[\\[xxv\\]](#_edn25) The contractors also constructed a 1500 feet long jetty at Sugarloaf Bay and Boat Beach primarily for the offloading of construction materials for the lightstation.[\\[xxvi\\]](#_edn26)\n\nIn November 1873, a 16-panel 1st order lens was ordered from Messrs. Chance Bros. & Co., a prominent company located near Birmingham, England. In May 1874, Chance Bros. recommended that a 4th order subsidiary dioptric apparatus be added to the order to assist lighting the rocks below the mainland. The lantern and subsidiary light were delivered to Sydney and landed safely at Seal Rocks bay by July 1875.[\\[xxvii\\]](#_edn27)\n\nConstruction of the keepers’ cottages and various outbuildings required the headland to be cut into and the construction of stone retaining walls in order to provide the cottages with shelter. The fill removed from these works was allegedly used to level the site of the tower.[\\[xxviii\\]](#_edn28)\n\nFor the duration of the works, a construction camp consisting of a barracks, contractor’s office, kitchen office store and school was built along the road to Myall Lake.[\\[xxix\\]](#_edn29)\n\nThe construction of the lighthouse was officially complete by 29 October 1875.\n\n![Architectural drawing of lighthouse with measurements and specifications written across the blueprint. ](image.016.jpeg)\n\nFigure 12. Design plan of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse, 1874. Courtesy of the National Archives of Australia. NAA: A9568, 1/16/11 (© Commonwealth of Australia, National Archives of Australia)\n\nEquipment when built\n\nSugarloaf Point Lighthouse was officially lit on 1st December 1875, the first Barnet-designed lighthouse to be completed.[\\[xxx\\]](#_edn30) The lighthouse consisted of two stories approximately 21 feet 6 inches above the ground floor and 11 feet in diameter on the inside. With asphalted ground and intermediate floors, and an iron lantern floor, the tower was built of brick and cemented inside and out.\n\nBarnet’s plans had been followed meticulously, including the installation of the unique external stairs. The balcony, consisting of sixteen bluestones, also incorporated what would become a classic feature of Barnet’s lighthouses: the outward curved gunmetal balustrades.[\\[xxxi\\]](#_edn31)\n\nThe 1st order lens with a white flashing light had a recorded intensity of 50,000 candelas. The green subsidiary light located below the lantern room lit the rocky outcrops below, covering approximately three miles with an arc of sixty degrees and intensity of 150 candelas.[\\[xxxii\\]](#_edn32)\n\nThe keepers’ cottages stood on the headland’s southern side, the Head Keeper’s cottage consisting of five rooms including a pantry, detached kitchen and water closet. The Assistant Keeper‘s cottages were semi-detached, three-roomed residences with a store, a detached kitchen and water closet.\n\n 3.6 Lighthouse keeping\n\nThe first head keeper to be stationed at Sugarloaf Point was Henry Hoadley, and his assistants Daniel Watson and George Morris. Lightkeepers were tasked with a number of duties including: conservation of the surrounding landscape, coastal and meteorology surveillance, and search and rescue efforts.[\\[xxxiii\\]](#_edn33)\n\nKeepers and their families were relatively isolated as the road to Sugarloaf Point was largely inaccessible. Once telegraph communications to the lighthouse were established in March 1877 however, a proper road was constructed from Bulahdelah out to the lighthouse.[\\[xxxiv\\]](#_edn34)\n\nThe jetty built during the construction of the lighthouse served as a lifeline to the keepers, as it enabled supplies to be delivered via boat, and also permitted travellers and school teachers to access to region.\n\nAs the decades progressed and domestic travel grew, tourists visited the lightstation and a small fishing village at Seal Rocks developed gradually from 1917 onwards.[\\[xxxv\\]](#_edn35)\n\n3.7 Chronology of major events\n\nThe following table details the major events to have occurred at Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse.\n\n| Date | Event |\n| --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| 1 December 1875 | Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse lit for first time. |\n| 8 August 1895 | The SS Catterthun wrecked on reef near Seal Rocks. 55 lives lost and 26 passengers rescued.[xxxvi] |\n| 10 July 1900 | Tower struck by lightning. Oil store blown up causing destruction of the electric bell installation.[xxxvii] |\n| 1901 | New stables, oil and paint store erected, and new lightning conductor installed. |\n| 19 | Brewis visits and inspects lightstation. |\n| 1966 | Keepers reduced from three to two. |\n| 1997 | Lighthouse de-staffed. |\n| 2004 | Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse listed on Commonwealth Heritage List. |\n| December 2015 | Lighthouse opened to the public for 140th Anniversary. |\n| 2019 | Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse listed on NSW State Heritage Register. |\n\n3.8 Changes and conservation over time\n\nThe following section details the changes and conservation efforts to have been carried out at Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse since its construction.\n\nThe Brewis Report\n\nCommander CRW Brewis, retired naval surveyor, was commissioned in 1911 by the Commonwealth Government to report on the condition of existing lights and to recommend any additional ones. Brewis visited every lighthouse in Australia between June and December 1912 and produced a series of reports published in their final form in March 1913. These reports were the basis for future decisions made for each of the individual lighthouses, and provide a snapshot of the lightstation in the early 20th century.\n\nBrewis recommended that Sugarloaf Point’s subsidiary green light be discontinued.[\\[xxxviii\\]](#_edn38)\n\n| SUGARLOAF POINT LIGHT.(Seal Rocks.)(34 miles from Crowdy Head.)Lat. 32° 26’ S., Long. 152° 33’ E., Chart No. 1024. – Established 1875. Last altered 1907.Character – Main Light. – One white, dioptric, 1st order, about 50,000 c.p. Flashing, showing oneflash of five seconds duration every thirty seconds. Illuminant, vapourized kerosene; 55mm. incandescent mantle.Circular brick and cement tower, 22 feet. painted white. Height of focal plane 258 feet.Subsidiary Light. – One green, dioptric , fixed, about 150 c.p. Exhibited from base of same tower asmain light. Height of focal plane, 238 feet.Visibility – Main Light.- From seaward, in clear weather, for a distance of 22 nautical miles.Subsidiary Light. – Through an arc of 62° from 307° (N. 62° W. Mag.) to 9° (N. Mag.). covering SealRocks, an adjacent danger; obscured elsewhere. Visible in clear weather for a distance of about 3 nautical miles.Optical Apparatus.- Chance Bros., 1874. Sixteen panels. Focal radius 36 inches. One revolutionevery eight minutes.Condition and State of Efficiency.- The tower, quarters, apparatus, and equipment are in goodcondition. The fences are in need of renewal, owing to the ravages of white ants.The green light does not form any guard to the off-lying dangers.Three light-keepers are stationed here.Communication.- By road to Bungwahl, distant 10 miles. Connected by telephone with Bungwahland Bullah Delah (30 miles), and thence to main telegraph system.Provisions by coastal steamer when weather favourable, otherwise overland. Mails three days a week.Government stores overland twice a year.Electric Morse Lamp.Fogs.- Few fogs occur, though hazy weather is frequently experienced.Soundings.- The passage between Seal Rocks and Sugar Loaf Point is only nine cables wide, andshould not be used in thick weather, nor during the dark hours. Vessels should assure their safety by maintaining a depth of over 30 fathoms. This depth will lead a vessel 3 miles off Sugar Loaf Point, and at least 1 mile to the eastward of the off-lying dangers.RECOMMENDED. – The green subsidiary light be discontinued. |\n| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\nAlteration to the light\n\nThe following table details the changes to the Sugarloaf Point light since its exhibition in 1875.\n\n| Date | Alteration |\n| --------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| 1911 | 55mm Schmidt-Ford IOV burner installedIntensity: 122,000 |\n| 1 April 1923 | Lighthouse converted to incandescent vaporised kerosene burner.Intensity (white light): 174,000 candelas. |\n| 14 June 1966 | Light converted to electric power with diesel backup.Ball bearing pedestal installed.Intensity (white light): 1,000,000 candelasIntensity (green light): 2,000 candelas |\n| 6 December 1984 | Green subsidiary light changed to red. |\n| 1987 | Light automated and keepers withdrawn. |\n| 2016 | Light source changed to LED. |\n\nFor information on current light details, see ‘Appendix 4 Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse current light details’, and ‘Appendix 5 Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse auxiliary light details’.\n\nRecent conservation works\n\nAt the time of preparing this management plan, no recent, major conservation works have occurred at Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse outside of general maintenance. This section will be updated in future versions of this plan.\n\n![Drawing of lightstation from birds eye view with lighthouse and keepers cottages marked out.](image.017.jpeg) Figure 13. Grand plan of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse site. Courtesy of the National Archives of Australia. NAA: A9568, 1/16/6 (© Commonwealth of Australia, National Archives of Australia)\n\n3.9 Summary of current and former uses\n\nFrom its construction in 1875, Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse has been used as a marine AtoN for mariners at sea. Its AtoN capability remains its primary use.\n\nThe lightstation complex consists of:\n\n The light tower\n\n Head Keeper’s quarters\n\n Assistant Keeper’s cottages\n\n Other buildings and elements including generator building, garage, paint storage shed, and signal house.\n\n Other features include the stone retaining walls at the cuttings for the Keepers’ Quarters buildings and the brick drainage gutters located on the levelling of the slope above, various timber fences including pickets, palings and railings, the signals mast and inclinator.\n\nApproximately 32 hectares of crown land, including the Sugarloaf Point Lightstation, was added to Myall Lakes National Park in March 2003.\n\nPlaques on the grassed slope east of the lighthouse record memorials to Tom Chalker, Head Lighthouse Keeper who passed away in 1997, Albert Stevens and Freya Girvin Sherriff.\n\nWithin the curtilage of the Commonwealth Heritage Listed place are the Lighthouse Tower and Signal House. The remaining buildings including the Keepers’ Cottages are important contribution to the understanding of the place but are not considered in this report as they lie outside the boundary of the Commonwealth Heritage listed place.\n\n3.10 Summary of past and present community associations\n\nAboriginal associations\n\nThe Myall National Parks holds immense significance to local Aboriginal parties who maintain strong connections to the landscape. This country contains a number of sites which continue to uphold strong connections to spirituality, ceremony and family. Further consultation with Traditional Stakeholders is required.\n\nLocal, national and international associations\n\nSugarloaf Point Lighthouse is considered a significant site of New South Wales and Australian history. The headland and lightstation maintain strong familial associations due to the lighthouse’s extensive history as a staffed site. This is particularly notable due to the various memorials located onsite which assist cementing ties to the lightstation.\n\n3.11 Unresolved questions or historical conflicts\n\nThe date that the lightstation was de-staffed is contested. Searle determines that the lighthouse was officially de-manned in 1987, however some determine that the site was not officially de-manned until 1997.[\\[xxxix\\]](#_edn39) A caretaker resided at the lightstation following this period to carry out maintenance until NSW NPWS assumed full responsibility for the upkeep of the station.\n\n3.12 Recommendations for further research\n\nFurther investigation into life at the lightstation during the late 19th century and early 20th century would provide greater insight into the social history of the lighthouse.\n\n![Decorative cover page which reads \"4. Fabric Register\"](image.018.jpeg) \n\n 4. Fabric\n 4.1 Fabric register\n\nThe cultural significance of the lighthouse resides in its fabric, and in its intangible aspects, such as the meanings people ascribe to it, and the connections to other places and things. The survival of its cultural value depends on a well-informed understanding of what is significant, and on clear thinking about the consequences of change. The Burra Charter sets out good practice for conserving cultural significance.\n\nBelow, each part of the lighthouse is listed and the description, condition and significance of each part is discussed. Criterion listed under ‘Heritage Significance’ refer to the criterion satisfied within the specific Commonwealth heritage listing (see ‘Section 5.1’).\n\n(All photos in Section 4. Fabric – © AMSA)\n\nLighthouse feature: Lantern roof\n\n![Photograph showing large white lantern house with balcony, and with prismatic lens sitting inside lantern room. ](image.019.png) ![Photograph showing close up of wind vane. Blue ocean and rocky outcrops can be seen below in background. ](image.020.png)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 Chance Bros part-spherical dome of copper sheets lapped and screwed to ribs.\n\n Ribs – Chance Bros cast iron radial ribs\n Inner skin – removed and stored in old oil storeroom under staircase in lower part of tower\n Ventilator – 1875 ball type\n Wind vane – mounted centrally on top of ball type ventilator\n Lightning conductor – trident mounting of long copper rod with 3 spikes set above the wind vane, two stays are fixed from the lightning rod to the lantern roof\n Gutter – polygonal fabricated copper gutter attached to ring of cast iron pieces bolted together\n Downpipes – four PVC downpipes discharging onto balcony floor. Downpipe brackets attached to glazing cover strips\n Ladder rail – attached to underside of gutter\n External ladder – curved iron ladder fixed to outside of roof\n Drip tray – copper dish suspended under ventilator\n Heat tube support – framework with four radial members of rolled ferrous T section, attached to gutter and to central ring.\n\n| Finish | painted |\n| ------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe lantern roof is an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe lantern roof is an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe lantern roof is an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Lantern glazing\n\n![Photograph showing clear glazing panes of circular lanternhouse. A large prismatic lens can be seen sitting inside the lantern room. ](image.021.png) ![Photograph showing glazed lantern room of lighthouse tower. Large prismatic lens can be seen sitting inside the lantern room. ](image.022.png)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 Chance Brothers, polygonal in form.\n\n Panes – flat rectangular panes, three tiers of 16 panes\n\n Astragals – Chance Brothers vertical and horizontal astragals of rectangular and triangular section, bolted to gutter ring at top, and to lantern base below\n Handholds – two hand holds incorporated into each vertical cover strip.\n\n| Finish | astragals and glazing strips: painted |\n| ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, reglaze as necessary, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe glazing astragals are an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe glazing astragals are an original part of the lighthouse and add to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe glazing astragals are an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Internal catwalk\n\n![Photograph showing inside of lantern room with curved catwalk supported by brackets, attached to the wall below glazing panes. ](image.023.png)![Photograph showing staircase leading from upper lantern room level to floor of lantern room.](image.024.png)![Photograph showing ornate bracket supporting internal catwalk and fixed to lantern room walls.](image.025.png) ©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 Chance Brothers, cast iron lattice floor panels supported on openwork cast iron brackets bolted to the top of the lantern base. Recent galvanised end rail fixed to cast floor panel at end of catwalk.\n\n Ladder – fixed curved ladder with cast iron treads on wrought iron strings, wrought iron stanchions support a copper alloy balustrade.\n\n| Finish | cast iron: paintedadded handrail: galvanised |\n| ------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | cast components: highgalvanised rail: low |\n| Integrity | medium |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe internal catwalk is an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe internal catwalk is an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe internal catwalk is an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse features: External catwalk\n\n![Photograph showing curved external lattice catwalk wrapped around lantern house. Rocky coastline with green vegetation seen in background below tower.](image.026.png)![Photograph showing ornate bracket supporting external catwalk fitted to lantern house.](image.027.png)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 Chance Brothers, cast iron lattice floor panels supported on openwork cast iron brackets bolted to lantern base.\n\n Handrail – none.\n\n| Finish | painted |\n| ------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe external catwalk is an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe external catwalk is an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe external catwalk is an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\n \n\nLighthouse feature: Lantern base\n\n![Photograph showing lantern room balcony door below internal catwalk. Two round vents are fitted into the wall on either side of the door. ](image.028.png) ![Photograph showing stairs leading from lantern room floor to upper lens level. A chain is fitted across the stairs preventing access.](image.029.png)![Photograph showing lighthouse balcony with gunmetal railing. The lantern house door stands ajar. ](image.030.png)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 Chance Bros, cylindrical in form. Curved panels of cast iron bolted together with flanged joints.\n\n Internal lining – curved iron plates screwed to the outer cast iron panels\n Vents – round external air inlets cast as part of wall panels. Large copper alloy circular regulators below catwalk level on inside\n Door – iron framed and sheeted door hung on copper alloy hinges. Iron door leaf curved to match the lantern base. Copper alloy hinges. Recent D handles fixed inside and out with two screw locks internally to seal door.\n\n| Finish | painted |\n| ------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe lantern base is an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe lantern base is an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe lantern base is an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Lantern floor\n\n![Photograph showing lantern room floor with inner disc of solid cast iron, and outer rim of cast iron lattice. ](image.031.jpeg)![Photograph showing base of lens pedestal in the centre of the lantern room floor. Clear glass reveals an assortment of items and equipment inside pedestal. ](image.032.jpeg)![Photograph showing underside of lantern room floor. A solid cast iron disc is supported by rolled beams and central weight tube. ](image.033.jpeg) ©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 floor of cast iron panels supported on rolled I beams built into masonry. The central disc of the floor is a solid cast panel with cast lattice panels on its circumference.\n\n| Finish | painted |\n| ------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe lantern floor is an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe lantern floor is an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe lantern floor is an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Lens assembly\n\n![Photograph showing large prismatic lens sitting behind clear glazing panes inside lantern house. ](image.034.jpeg)![Photograph showing close up of prism pieces fitted into gunmetal framing of large lighthouse lens. ](image.035.jpeg)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 Chance Brothers 920mm focal radius rotating 16 panel catadioptric lens assembly of glass and gunmetal.\n\n| Condition | intact and soundsome chips in glass sections |\n| ------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, clean at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe lens assembly is an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe lens assembly is the original assembly installed at the lighthouse, one of few lighthouses that house their original optical array (criterion b).\n\nThe lens assembly is an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe lens assembly is an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h). \n\nLighthouse feature: Light source\n\n![Photograph showing light emitting diode light source sitting inside large prismatic lens. ](image.036.jpeg)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\nSealite SL-LED-324-W; 12 sided- 36 LED light source mounted on existing steel pillar.\n\n| Condition | intact and soundsome chips in glass sections |\n| ------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |\n| Significance | low |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: Low\n\nLighthouse feature: Pedestal\n\n![Photograph showing green box-shaped pedestal fitted with two glass doors at its base with an assortment of items inside. Painted on the pedestal read the words \"COMM. LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE\".](image.037.png)![Photograph showing glass box fitted to top of pedestal. Inside the mechanism for the rotating lens can be seen. ](image.038.jpeg)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 Chance Brothers cast iron and glass cabinet pedestal with CLS bearing and electric drive gear and 1966 first order optic table above. Clockwork has been decommissioned, but some parts remain inside the cabinet as a display.\n\n Loose Piece – a single cast iron component sitting on lantern floor. Apparently, part of the 1875 lens carrier assembly.\n\n| Finish | painted |\n| ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | cast iron and glass pedestal: highold clockwork components: highLater CLS bearing and drive: moderate |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe pedestal is an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe pedestal is the original pedestal installed at the lighthouse, one of few lighthouses that house their original optical array (criterion b).\n\nThe pedestal is an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe pedestal is an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Balcony floor\n\n![Photograph showing underside of lighthouse balcony which is supported by stone brackets.](image.039.jpeg)![Photograph showing curved granite balcony floor with gunmetal railing fitted to outer edge. ](image.040.jpeg)![Photograph showing curved granite balcony floor with gunmetal railing fitted to outer edge. ](image.041.jpeg)\n\n©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 granite slab flooring supported on the masonry wall and rendered stone brackets. Resilient joint caulking.\n\n| Finish | bare stone top and edgesoffit painted |\n| ------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | minor slab corner cracks near lantern base, otherwise intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, replace joint caulking at regular intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe balcony floor is an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe balcony floor is an example of the fine design and craftsmanship employed when constructing the lighthouse (criterion f).\n\nThe balcony floor is an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe balcony floor is an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Balcony balustrade\n\n![Photograph showing lighthouse balcony with curved gunmetal railing fixed to outer edge of granite floor.](image.042.png)![Photograph showing gunmetal balcony railing fixed to outer edge of balcony floor.](image.043.jpeg)![Photograph showing close up of balcony railing. Engraved in the railing is \"18 VR 75\"](image.044.png)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 gunmetal railing with closely spaced balusters of rectangular section canted outward, cruciform stiffeners bolted to balusters, rectangular bottom rail, half round top rail, turned bulbous fixing bolts at bottom. The balustrade has the year of manufacture along with royal emblem (18 V \\[crown\\] R 75) punched into the surface in several places.\n\n| Finish | bare metal |\n| ------------------- | ---------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe balcony balustrade is an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe balcony balustrade is an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe balcony floor is an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Walls\n\n![Photograph showing white lighthouse tower with external staircase and large lantern room and balcony supported by stone brackets. ](image.045.jpeg)![Photograph showing base of white lighthouse tower. A small rectangular window is set into the wall.](image.046.jpeg)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 tapered tower of brick masonry with a constant inside diameter. The tower is rendered outside and plastered inside.\n\n| Finish | exterior and interior: paintedinside wall and ceiling of oil store at ground level: bare |\n| ------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | structure intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, monitor condition of moisture and salt ingress |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe walls are an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe walls are an example of the fine design and craftsmanship employed when constructing the lighthouse (criterion f).\n\nThe walls are an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe walls are an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Windows\n\n![Photograph showing underside of lighthouse balcony. A large rectangular window is set into the walls below the balcony stone brackets. ](image.047.jpeg)![Photograph showing base of white lighthouse tower. A small rectangular window is set into the wall.](image.048.jpeg)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\nFour rectangular windows with gunmetal casement sashes, hinges, latches and frames built into the masonry walls. Cement rendered internal reveals. Sector hazard light at the entrance level has red glass.\n\n| Finish | frames and sashes: paintedglass: clearsome upper level window glazing’s have been painted internally to blank them out |\n| ------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe windows are an early part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe windows are an early part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe windows are an early part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Auxiliary light\n\n![Photograph showing small lens sitting on black and white checker floor beside rectangular window with red glass.](image.049.jpeg)![Photograph showing incandescent light source fitted inside small lighthouse lens.](image.050.jpeg)![Photograph showing lighthouse tower with rectangular window set into the walls. The window has red glass panes which are illuminated with a light. ](image.051.jpeg)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 red sector light marking the hazard of Seal Rocks, in the room below the lantern.\n\n Window – red glass panes fixed into tower wall.\n Optical apparatus – 250mm focal radius catadioptric drum (90 degrees section) with an incandescent light source.\n Enclosure – single barricade chain placed around the sector light to prevent unauthorised access.\n\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| ------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |\n| Significance | enclosure: lowother parts: high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, clean at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe sector light is an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe sector light is an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe sector light is an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Doors\n\n![Photograph showing upper and lower entranceways into lighthouse tower. Above upper entrance doorway reads \"V.R. 1875\" ](image.052.png)![Photograph showing arched wooden entrance door with large sliding bolt lock and round vent fixture.](image.053.png)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition:\n\nEarly timber doors to tower room and oil store.\n\n Tower door – square topped framed, braced and sheeted timber door with V jointed sheeting, hung in timber frame. It has a fixed stainless-steel louvre on the lower part.\n Oil store door – arch topped framed and sheeted timber door with V jointed sheeting, hung in timber frame. Perforations for ventilation are made through the timber on the lower part of door.\n\n| Finish | tower entrance door: painted inside, varnished outsideoil store door: varnished both sides |\n| ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, prepare and re-finish at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe doors are an early addition to a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe doors are an early addition to the lighthouse and add to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe doors are an early addition to a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Intermediate floor\n\n![Photograph showing circular checker floor with weight tube fitted to centre of the floor, and a rectangular hatch door. ](image.054.jpeg)![Photograph showing small arched wooden door fitted to concrete walls.](image.055.jpeg)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 mass concrete suspended floor with shallow vaulted soffit. 1900 wrought iron support ring and corbels supporting the outer edge.\n\n Fitments at entrance level – timber flag locker, wall mounted top opening desk and storage cupboard. Mounted on the walls are several framed lighthouse photographs.\n\n| Finish | black and white ceramic tiles in a checked pattern on topunpainted soffit |\n| ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, clean at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe intermediate floor is an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe intermediate floor is an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe intermediate floor is an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Stairs\n\n![Photograph showing curved staircase leading down to lower level with checker floor.](image.056.jpeg)![Photograph showing white weight tube fitted to centre of floor, with geometric staircase fitted to curved wall.](image.057.jpeg)![Photograph showing stair treads with ornate painted finish.](image.058.png)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 geometric stair made from cast iron treads and risers built into the masonry wall. Treads and risers are bolted together. The treads of the stairway have a relief pattern.\n\n Balustrade – square section wrought iron stanchions are fixed one per tread and topped with half round wrought iron balustrade.\n\n| Finish | painted |\n| ------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe stairs are an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe stairs are an original part of the lighthouse and add to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe stairs are an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h). \n\nLighthouse feature: External stairs\n\n![Photograph showing external of white lighthouse tower with external staircase.](image.059.jpeg)![Photograph showing gunmetal handrail of external staircase.](image.060.png)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\nGeometric external staircase built into tower masonry walls with granite slab treads. Resilient joint caulking.\n\n Balustrade – gunmetal rectangular section stanchions set into granite treads with lead. Mid rail formed by bolted intermediate braces at each stanchion. Round top handrail.\n\n| Finish | bare stone on treadsbare metal balustrade |\n| ------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, clean at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe external stairs are an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe external stairs are significant as Sugarloaf Point is one of only a few lighthouses to have an external staircase (criterion b).\n\nThe external stairs are an original part of the lighthouse and add to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe external stairs are an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Weight tube\n\n![Photograph showing white weight tube fitted to underside of landing. Small curved door of weight tube slightly ajar.](image.061.jpeg)![Photograph showing white weight tube fitted to underside of landing.](image.062.jpeg)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 cylindrical iron tube in the centre of the tower between the lantern floor and the base of the tower. There is a hinged iron access door at both levels. The length of the weight tube has been extended into the tower floor. Sub floor tube is formed by brickwork with a manhole access on the side. The clockwork weights and hanger are located on the ground floor of the tower.\n\n| Finish | painted |\n| ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | preserve, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe weight tube is an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe weight tube is an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe weight tube is an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\n \n\nLighthouse feature: Ground floor\n\n![Photograph showing circular ground floor of lighthouse with a variety of cabinets and photographs on the wall.](image.063.jpeg)![Photograph showing green kerosene tanks on display in a roped-off section of the lighthouse ground floor.](image.064.png)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1875 mass concrete floor. Formed brickwork weight tube pit. Lighthouse memorabilia collection is stored on this level. Assorted items tagged with identification tags by a private collector. A small storeroom under the external staircase is accessed from this level. It is also used as storage for lighthouse memorabilia and the internal roof lining sheets of the lantern.\n\n| Finish | black and white ceramic tiles in a checked patternmanhole cover is timber |\n| ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, clean at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe ground floor is an original part of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe ground floor is an original part of the lighthouse and adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe ground floor is an original part of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\n \n\nLighthouse feature: Apron, path and wall\n\n![Photograph showing balustrade wall beside lighthouse tower.](image.065.jpeg)![Photograph showing walking path through green vegetation.](image.066.jpeg)![Photograph showing curved white balustrade wall beside interpretative signage. ](image.067.jpeg)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\nPaved apron and surrounding wall; path to keepers’ houses.\n\n Apron – 1875 apron around the base of the tower, surfaced with paving bricks. Granite slab walkway from gate to oil store.\n Wall – 1875 rendered brick masonry balustrade wall, circular in plan. Gateway with two columns with pyramidal tops, gate removed.\n Path – recent concrete footpath with a low square timber rail from the apron entrance to both the signal station and down the hill to the keepers’ quarters.\n\n| Finish | pavers: bare finishparapet wall: paintedtimber rail: paintedconcrete: bare |\n| ------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Significance | apron and wall: highpath: moderate |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe apron and wall are original features of a lighthouse associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe apron and wall are original features of the lighthouse and add to the aesthetic and social value of the lighthouse (criterion e, g).\n\nThe apron and wall are original features of a lighthouse designed by James Barnet (criterion h).\n\nLighthouse feature: Generator building\n\n![Photograph showing small white brick building with large wooden double doors above which reads \"Sugarloaf Point\".](image.068.jpeg)![Photograph showing open wooden double doors of small white building. Painted above the doors is a collection of navigational flags and the words \"Sugarloaf Point\".](image.069.png)![Photograph showing internal of small white building. The internal walls are covered in historic memorabilia, and various artefacts on display.](image.070.jpeg)©AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1983 generator shed and workshop, containing redundant standby diesel generator and various lighthouse memorabilia on display and mounted on walls. Power supply, control equipment and back-up power supply for the lighthouse are located in this building.\n\nThis building is divided into two sections and leased separately; the front being AMSA and the rear part for others.\n\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| ------------------- | ------------------------- |\n| Significance | high |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Maintenance | preserve, keep in service |\n| Rectification works | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe generator building is a significant feature of a lightstation associated with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids (criterion a).\n\nThe generator building is a significant feature of a lightstation and its use as a museum adds to the aesthetic and social value of the lightstation (criterion e, g).\n\n \n\n 4.2 Related object and associated AMSA artefacts\n\nThe following AMSA artefacts are located at Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse.\n\n```html\n

Artefact description:

telephone

\"Photograph

©AMSA 2021

MAXIMO ID:

AR0045

Location in Lighthouse:

lantern room

Condition:

good

\n```\n\n```html\n

Artefact description:

240mm acetylene flasher

\"Photograph

©AMSA 2021

MAXIMO ID:

AR0569

Location in Lighthouse:

engine room

Condition:

good

\n```\n\n```html\n

Artefact description:

Marconi Lodestar direction finder

\"Photograph

©AMSA 2021

MAXIMO ID:

AR0547

Location in Lighthouse:

engine room

Condition:

good

\n```\n\n```html\n

Artefact description:

Lister LT2 generator

\"Photograph©AMSA 2021

MAXIMO ID:

AR0368

Location in Lighthouse:

engine room

Condition:

good

\n```\n\n 4.3 Comparative analysis\n\nThere are several lighthouses that are of similar design to Sugarloaf Point 1875 in many respects, notably Cape Byron and Point Perpendicular Lighthouse (New South Wales). Point Perpendicular was built 24 years after Sugarloaf Point in 1899, and similarly designed by Barnet. Although Barnet retired before Cape Byron Lighthouse was constructed in 1901, it is understood that the design for the lighthouse was largely inspired by Barnet’s work. As with Sugarloaf Point, the reduced height of Cape Byron was due to the steepness of the topography - a sheer cliff face of approximately 90 metres.\n\n![Photograph showing white lighthouse tower with attached pavilion rooms.](image.075.jpeg)![Photograph showing white lighthouse tower with attached pavilion rooms sitting atop a rocky cliff-edge. ](image.076.jpeg)\n\nFigure 14. Point Perpendicular Lighthouse, NSW (Source: AMSA, 2009)\n\nFigure 15. Cape Byron Lighthouse, NSW (© AMSA, 2018)\n\n![Photograph showing large lantern house with illuminated prismatic lens sitting inside.](image.077.jpeg)![Photograph showing tall stone lighthouse tower with two red bands painted around external walls.](image.078.png)\n\nFigure 16. Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse, NSW (Source: AMSA, 2009)\n\nFigure 17. Cape Moreton Lighthouse, QLD (Source: AMSA, 2011)\n\nSugarloaf Point Lighthouse is celebrated for its unusual external stairs. The only other masonry tower to have external stairs is Cape Moreton Lighthouse (Queensland), opened in 1857 and designed by Edmund Blackett for the NSW government prior to separation of Queensland. Sandy Cape Lighthouse (Queensland), built in 1870, stands as a prefabricated cast iron tower also with an external stair.\n\n![Decorative cover page which reads \"5. Heritage Significance\"](image.079.jpeg) \n\n 5. Heritage significance\n 5.1 Commonwealth heritage listing –Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse\n\nThe following information is taken directly from the Commonwealth Heritage listing for Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse (Place ID: 105602).\n\nCommonwealth Heritage List - statement of significance\n\nThe following statement of significance is taken directly from Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse’s Commonwealth heritage listing:\n\nSugarloaf Point Lighthouse, opened in 1875, is significant for its association with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids during an important period of expansion of the lighthouse network. It also has a long association with Australian shipping. (Criterion A.4) (Themes: 3.8.1 Shipping to and from Australian ports, 3.16.1 Dealing with hazards and disasters)\n\nThe tower is unusual in that it is one of only two with an external stairway providing access to the tower. Further, it retains its original Chance Bros optics. (Criterion B.2)\n\nThe Sugarloaf tower, with its rendered brick shaft, bluestone gallery supported by concrete corbels, and graceful gunmetal railing, represents a fine design achievement. (Criterion F.1)\n\nThe lighthouse was designed by New South Wales Colonial Architect James Barnet, and was the first of his major lighthouse designs. Barnet played a very influential role in the colony's architecture for over 25 years. (Criterion H.1)\n\nDramatically located on the summit of an abrupt headland which rises 60 metres above the sea, and free from modern visual intrusions, the lighthouse has strong aesthetic values. (Criterion E.1)\n\nSugarloaf Point Lighthouse is well known in the area and has social significance for mariners, tourists and the north coast community. (Criterion G.1)\n\nCommonwealth Heritage List - criteria\n\nThere are nine criteria for inclusion in the Commonwealth Heritage List, meeting any one of these is sufficient for listing a place. These criteria are similar to those used in other Commonwealth, state and local heritage legislation, although thresholds differ. In the following sections, Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse is discussed in relation to each of the criteria as based on the site’s current Commonwealth Heritage Listing (Place ID: 105602)\n\n| Criterion | Attributes | Explanation |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Criterion A) ProcessesThis criterion is satisfied by places that have significant heritage value because of [their] importance in the course, or pattern, of Australia’s natural or cultural history. | Its historic form, fabric and details. | Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse, opened in 1875, is significant for its association with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids during an important period of expansion of the lighthouse network. It also has a long association with Australian shipping. |\n| Criterion B) RarityThis criterion is satisfied by places that have significant heritage value because of [their] possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of Australia’s natural or cultural history. | The external stairway and the original Chance Bros optics. | The tower is unusual in that it is one of only two with an external stairway providing access to the tower. Further, it retains its original Chance Bros optics. |\n| Criterion E) Aesthetic characteristicsThis criterion is satisfied by places that have significant heritage values because of [their] importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics values by a community or cultural group. | Its setting and lack of modern visual intrusions. | Dramatically located on the summit of an abrupt headland which rises 60 metres above the sea, and free from modern visual intrusions, the lighthouse has strong aesthetic values. |\n| Criterion F) Technical achievementThis criterion is satisfied by places that have significant heritage value because of [their] importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period. | The rendered brick shaft, bluestone gallery and supporting concrete corbels. | The Sugarloaf tower, with its rendered brick shaft, bluestone gallery supported by concrete corbels, and graceful gunmetal railing, represents a fine design achievement. |\n| Criterion G) Social valueThis criterion is satisfied by places that have significant heritage value because of [their] strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. | The form, fabric and function of the lighthouse, including the light beam. | Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse is well known in the area and has social significance for mariners, tourists and the north coast community. |\n| Criterion H) Significant peopleThis criterion is satisfied by places that have significant heritage value because of [their] special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in Australia’s natural or cultural history. | The design of the structure as evidenced by its form and fabric. | The lighthouse was designed by New South Wales Colonial Architect James Barnet, and was the first of his major lighthouse designs. Barnet played a very influential role in the colony's architecture for over 25 years. |\n\nThese heritage values, identified and explained in the Commonwealth Heritage List, will form the basis of the management of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse. In the event of necessary works, all criteria will be consulted to inform best practice management of the values associated with the lightstation. (See ‘Section 7. Conservation management policies’ for further information on strategies to conserve heritage values of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse)\n\n 5.2 NSW State heritage register listing\n\nThe Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group, which includes the lighthouse tower, is listed on the New South Wales Heritage Register. The following statement of significance and criteria are taken directly from its listing (Place ID: 02025).\n\nNSW State Heritage Register - statement of significance\n\nThe following is taken from the Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group NSW heritage listing’s statement of significance:\n\nConstructed and lit in 1875, the Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group is of state heritage significance as the first major lightstation in the 'highway of lights', a system of navigational aids installed along the NSW coastline in the mid-to-late 19th century. Important to the safe passage of shipping in NSW, the system of lightstations has a collective significance that reflects the logistical management for installing coastal infrastructure and the technical evolution of the stations.\n\nThe Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group is of state heritage significance for its association with Colonial Architect, James Barnet, and President of the Marine Board of NSW, Captain Francis Hixson. The first major lightstation designed by Barnet as Colonial Architect (1865-1890), Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group was the forerunner to his other major lighthouse constructions and it contains many of the stylistic design elements (including the domed oil store, heavily bracketed upper balcony and curved balcony railings) that were to become notable characteristics of his architectural style. The appearance of the external staircase and landing, however, are a noteworthy deviation in Barnet's design approach.\n\nBuilt and archaeological elements associated with the design, construction, early operation and occupation of the site as a lightstation are also of state heritage significance.\n\nNSW State Heritage Register - Criteria\n\nThe following information is taken directly from the Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group NSW heritage listing’s assessment of significance:\n\n| State Heritage Register Criteria | Explanation |\n| ------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Criteria A) Historical significance | Constructed and lit in 1875, the Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group is of state heritage significance as the first major lightstation in the 'highway of lights' that was erected along the NSW coastline during the mid-to-late 19th century. Although it was not the first lighthouse erected in the state (this being Francis Greenway's 1818 Macquarie Light at Sydney's South Head), Sugarloaf Point Lightstation was the first major station complex to be constructed in NSW in response to the inaugural complete and thorough analysis of the navigational requirements for Australia's coastline in 1863. At the time of its completion, the Sugarloaf Point Lightstation was also the most expensive station at the time and its final cost of 18,973 pounds reflects the colony's commitment to the installation of navigational aids along the NSW coastline.The Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group is also of state heritage significance as the first major lightstation designed by James Barnet as Colonial Architect (1865-1890). The forerunner to his other major lighthouse constructions, the design of the Sugarloaf Point complex and many of its features were to become notable characteristics of Barnet's architectural style. |\n| Criteria B) Associative significance | The Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group is of state heritage significance for its association with Colonial Architect, James Barnet, and President of the Marine Board of NSW, Captain Francis Hixson.As Superintendent of Pilots, Lighthouses and Harbours in NSW and President of the Marine Board of NSW, Captain Hixson dominated marine services in NSW from 1863 until the end of the 19th century.At the 1863 conference of the Principal Officers of Marine Departments of the Australian Colonies, Captain Hixson proclaimed that he wanted the NSW coastline \"illuminated like a street with lamps\" (NPWS 'Lighthouse Keeping (Part A)', p15). The systematic construction and installation of navigational aids along the NSW coastline in the mid-to-late 19th century can be attributed to the leadership of Captain Francis Hixson.Unlike most of the country, the consistency in the design of lightstations in NSW is credited to James Barnet during his service as Colonial Architect from 1865-1890. As head of public architecture, Barnet was responsible for the design of more than a dozen lighthouses along the NSW coastline, constructed in the mid-to-late 19th century.The Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group, although the third station built under Barnet's direction, is considered to be the first major lightstation design of his career as Colonial Architect. With a final cost of 18,973 pounds, the Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group was the most expensive and substantial navigational aid in the state at the time. |\n| Criteria C) Aesthetic significance | Located within the Myall Lakes National Park and sited on an isolated but naturally prominent Seal Rocks headland, the Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse is a small but well-proportioned tower that reflects the consistent architectural design of Colonial Architect James Barnet. With its domed oil store, heavily bracketed upper balcony and curved balcony railings, the two-storey lighthouse demonstrates the architectural style used extensively by the Colonial Architect in the late 19th century.Retaining its original Messrs Chance Bros lantern and distinctive external staircase, the Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse is complemented by a compact group of simple mid-Victorian buildings (including Head Keepers and Assistant Keepers Cottages) that are visually unified by alignment, scale, proportion and the use of common materials.To avoid the harsh elements of the coastal environment of Sugarloaf Point, the suite of station buildings were separated from the tower and constructed on the southern side of the headland, nestled into a landscape cutting that shelter the buildings from the weather. |\n| Criteria D) Social significance | Despite its isolated location, the Sugarloaf Point Lightstation has layers of social significance.For 91 years (until the station was converted to electricity in 1966), the lightstation was permanently manned by a Head Keeper, two Assistant Keepers and up to three families at any one time. Maintaining the light was of paramount importance to their experience of Sugarloaf Point. Additionally, their lives were inextricably linked to the landscape and ultimately shaped by the natural elements - the water, the cliffs and the native flora and fauna.The Seal Rocks and Myall Lakes locality is also a significant area of the Worimi people.Evidence of the area’s occupation by the Worimi people, particularly at Sugarloaf Point, can be seen in the campsites and middens of the region. As with most Aboriginal groups in Australia prior to European colonisation, the Worimi people lived a traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle that utilised the natural resources available in their environment and, being coastal people, the Worimi sought much of their food and resources from the ocean. The coastal environment also provided meeting places for the Worimi people and various sites in the region (both on land and water) are considered to be of mythological and spiritual importance. |\n| Criteria E) Research potential | Within the Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group, there are opportunities to uncover further heritage values that are of state heritage significance.Elements associated with the design, construction, early operation and occupation of the site as a lightstation are of state heritage significance. Archaeological remnants of the construction camp (which only existed during the 1874-75 construction period) remain on the site and are considered to be of state significance.The site also has the ability, more broadly, to demonstrate the occupation of the area by the Worimi people prior to European occupation. There is recorded evidence in the area of middens and camp sites and there is further scope to elaborate on these investigations of Aboriginal cultural heritage values to reveal new information. |\n| Criteria F) Rarity | Built in 1875, the Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group is the first major lightstation designed by James Barnet during his career as Colonial Architect (1865-1890). Amongst Barnet's lightstations in NSW, there is a consistency in design with recurring elements (particularly the presence of curved detailed balconies, domed oil stores and heavily bracketed upper balconies) that are common characteristics of his architectural style. At Sugarloaf Point, the tower includes an external staircase and landing from its base to first floor that is considered to be a rare element of a Barnet lightstation and a notable deviation from his consistent lightstation design. |\n| Criteria G) Representativeness | The Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group is of state heritage significance as a representative station along NSW's 'highway of lights', a system of navigational aids installed along the coastline in the mid-to-late 19th century. Important to the safe passage of shipping in NSW, the system of lightstations has a collective significance that reflects the logistical management for installing coastal infrastructure and the technical evolution of the stations.There is also an architectural coherency between lightstations across NSW, particularly those designed by James Barnet as the Colonial Architect (1865-1890). As a representative example, the design and compact nature of the building group at Sugarloaf Point reflects the typical layout of regional lightstation complexes around Australia. |\n\n 5.3 Condition and integrity of Commonwealth heritage values\n\nA heritage monitoring program was implemented in 2016. Each site is visited and reviewed every two years where the heritage fabric and values of the site are evaluated. Assessment of the condition and integrity of lighthouse's Commonwealth heritage values are derived from the latest available Heritage asset condition report produced by AMSA’s maintenance contractor.\n\n‘Condition’ is measured from good to poor and incorporates the current condition of the specific value. Integrity is measured from high to low and incorporates the value’s intactness. Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse’s Commonwealth heritage values and its associated attributes maintain good condition and high integrity.\n\n| Value | Values (including attributes) | Condition | Integrity |\n| ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------- | --------- |\n| Criterion A) Processes | Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse, opened in 1875, is significant for its association with the development of New South Wales maritime navigational aids during an important period of expansion of the lighthouse network. It also has a long association with Australian shipping. | Good | High |\n| Criterion B) Rarity | The tower is unusual in that it is one of only two with an external stairway providing access to the tower. Further, it retains its original Chance Bros optics. | Good | High |\n| Criterion E)Aesthetic characteristics | Dramatically located on the summit of an abrupt headland which rises 60 metres above the sea, and free from modern visual intrusions, the lighthouse has strong aesthetic values. | Good | High |\n| Criterion F) Technical achievement | The Sugarloaf tower, with its rendered brick shaft, bluestone gallery supported by concrete corbels, and graceful gunmetal railing, represents a fine design achievement. | Good | High |\n| Criterion G) Social value | Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse is well known in the area and has social significance for mariners, tourists and the north coast community. | Good | High |\n| Criterion H) Significant people | The lighthouse was designed by New South Wales Colonial Architect James Barnet, and was the first of his major lighthouse designs. Barnet played a very influential role in the colony's architecture for over 25 years. | Good | High |\n\n 5.4 Gain or loss of Commonwealth heritage values\n\nThere are no current occurrences of a gain or loss of heritage value at the site at the time this management plan was prepared. Evidence for the potential gain or loss of heritage values will be documented within this section in future versions of the plan.\n\n![Decorative cover page which reads \"6. Opportunities and constraints\"](image.080.jpeg) \n\n 6. Opportunities and constraints\n 6.1 Implications arising from significance\n\nThe Commonwealth statement of significance (section 5.1 above) demonstrates Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse is a place of considerable heritage value due to its contribution to the ‘highway of lights’ designed by the colony authorities to illuminate the coast of New South Wales throughout the mid to late 19th century\n\nThe implication arising from this assessment is that key aspects of the place should be conserved to retain this significance. The key features requiring conservation include:\n\n continued use of the lighthouse as an AtoN\n architectural quality of the building\n interior spaces and features, which are notable for their design, details and/or their original lighthouse function. These include:\n\n \\- lantern room\n \\- original lens assembly and pedestal\n \\- internal catwalk\n \\- lantern floor\n \\- auxiliary light\n \\- intermediate floors\n \\- stairs and weight tube\n \\- ground floor\n\n external spaces and features, which are notable for their design, details, and/or their original lighthouse function. These include:\n\n \\- lantern roof and glazing\n \\- external catwalk\n \\- lantern base\n \\- balcony and balustrades\n \\- walls\n \\- windows and doors\n \\- external stairs\n \\- apron and wall\n\nReferral and approvals of action\n\nThe EPBC Act requires approval from the Minister for the Environment for all actions likely to have a significant impact on matters of National Environmental Significance (NES).\n\nThe Act provides that actions taken:\n\n on Commonwealth land which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment will require approval of the Minister.\n outside Commonwealth land which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment on Commonwealth land will require approval of the Minister.\n by the Australian Government or its agencies which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere will require approval of the Minister.\n\nThe definition of ‘environment’ in the EPBC Act and Regulations include the cultural heritage values of places.\n\nHeritage strategy\n\nIf an Australian Government agency owns or controls one or more places with Commonwealth heritage values, it must prepare a heritage strategy within two years from the first time they own or control a heritage place (section 341ZA).\n\nA heritage strategy is a written document that integrates heritage conservation and management within an agency’s overall property planning and management framework. Its purpose is to help an agency manage and report on the steps it has taken to protect and conserve the Commonwealth heritage values of the properties under its ownership or control. The heritage strategy for AMSA’s AtoN assets was completed and approved by the Commonwealth Minister for the Environment in 2018 and reviewed in 2022. The latest version of the Strategy is available online.P37F[\\[xl\\]](#_edn40)\n\nHeritage asset condition report\n\nA heritage asset condition report is a written document that details the heritage fabric of a site with an in-depth description of each architectural and structural element. The document includes: a brief history of the site, the Commonwealth Heritage statement of significance and value criteria, a heritage significance rating for each individual element, and a catalogue of artefacts on-site. The document is also accompanied by up-to-date photos of each structural element. This document operates as a tool for heritage monitoring and is reviewed and updated biennially.\n\nAboriginal Heritage and Natural values\n\nSugarloaf Point and the Myall National Park as a whole is notable for its Aboriginal heritage and natural values. Although these values lie outside of the Commonwealth heritage listing curtilage and AMSA’s lease, the potential remains for future works at the lighthouse to impact these values. At the time this plan was written, no plans have been made for future works at Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse. In the event major works at the lighthouse are to be carried out, AMSA will seek to minimise impacts to the surrounding area by:\n\n Utilising specific access tracks to ensure no damage to surrounding vegetation,\n Consulting with NSW NPWS to ensure work does not impact areas of environmental concern,\n Ensuring project footprint is limited to the AMSA lease. In any instance that work is required outside of this footprint, approvals will be sought from the appropriate stakeholders,\n Implementing an appropriate discovery plan in the instance Aboriginal cultural heritage is suspected and/or found.\n\n 6.2 Framework: sensitivity to change\n\nOwing to the site’s historic importance, rare features, aesthetic qualities, and technical, social and associative prominence, Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse is of high significance. Therefore, work actioned by AMSA on the lighthouse’s fabric harnesses the potential to reduce or eradicate the significance of the site’s heritage values.\n\nConservation works, including restoration and reconstruction, or adaption works of the absolute minimum so as to continue the lighthouse’s usefulness as an AtoN are the only works that should be actioned by AMSA on Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse. Some exceptions are made for health and safety requirements, however any and all work carried out must be conducted in line with heritage considerations and requirements of the EPBC Act.\n\nThe table below demonstrates the level of sensitivity attributed to the various elements of the fabric register in the face of change. These are measured from high to low depending on the action’s possible threat to the site’s heritage values.\n\nHigh sensitivity\n\nHigh sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose a major threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, or the lightstation as a whole. A major threat is one that would lead to substantial or total loss of the heritage value.\n\nModerate sensitivity\n\nModerate sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose a moderate threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, or to the heritage significance of a specific fabric in another part of the building. A moderate threat is one that would diminish the heritage value, or diminish the ability of an observer to appreciate the value.\n\nLow sensitivity\n\nLow sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose little to no threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, or to the heritage significance in another part of the building.\n\n```html\n

Component

Level of sensitivity

Nature of change impacting heritage values

Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse structure

High

  • Reduction of visibility of structure and its setting on Sugarloaf Point.
  • Major alterations to the tower colours scheme.
  • Prominent alterations and additions to the exterior that would impact the current lighthouse footprint and envelope.

Low

  • Removal of asbestos, lead paint and other toxic materials.
  • Implementation of health and safety hazard markings.

Ground floor

High

  • Major alterations to original concrete floor and ceramic tiles.
  • Major alterations to timber manhole cover.

Low

  • Replacement of broken ceramic tiles.
  • Repainting of ground floor in like-colours.

Intermediate floor

High

  • Major alterations to original concrete suspended floor, or 1900 wrought iron support rings.

Moderate

  • Removal of artefacts from intermediate floor.

Low

  • Replacement of broken ceramic tiles.
  • Repainting of intermediate floor in like-colours.

Stairs and weight tube

High

  • Removal of or major alteration to original weight tube and stairs (including balustrades).

Low

  • Corrosion reparations to stairs.
  • Repainting of stairs and weight tube in like-colours.

Lantern room

High

  • Major alterations to original cast iron lantern floor.
  • Major alterations to original cast iron Chance Bros. lantern base.
  • Major alterations to original internal catwalk.

Moderate

  • Removal of vents from lantern base.

Low

  • Repainting of lantern room in like-colours.
  • Corrosion reparations to cast iron floor, base, and internal catwalk.

Balcony and balustrades

High

  • Major alterations to original granite balcony floor.
  • Major alterations to original balcony balustrades.
  • Major alteration to original external catwalk.

Low

  • Replacement of joint caulking.
  • Repainting of balcony soffit in like-colours.
  • Corrosion reparations to external catwalk.

Lantern glazing

High

  • Alteration to original polygonal form of glazing panes.
  • Major alterations to original Chance Bros. glazing astragals.

Low

  • Repainting of astragals in like-colours.
  • Replacement of broken glazing panes.
  • Resealing of lantern room glazing.

Lantern roof

High

  • Major alterations to original Chance Bros. dome.
  • Removal of original windvane.

Low

  • Repainting of dome in like-colours.
  • Corrosion reparations to lantern roof (including windvane, ladder, gutter)

Lens assembly and light source

High

  • Removal of 1875 Chance Bros. 16-panel catadioptric lens.

Low

  • Replacement of LED array and/or steel pillar.
  • Cleaning of lens.

Pedestal

High

  • Removal of pedestal (cast iron components and glass cabinet)

Moderate

  • Removal of decommissioned clockwork.

Low

  • Repainting of pedestal in like-colours.
  • Corrosion reparations to cast iron components.
  • Replacement of broken glass panes.

Walls

High

  • Major alterations to the original brick masonry walls.

Low

  • Repainting of walls in like colours.

Windows

High

  • Major alterations to the original windows openings.

Low

  • Replacement of broken glass planes.
  • Repainting of blank panes in like-colours.
  • Corrosion reparations to sashes, hinges and frames.

Doors

High

  • Major alterations to original front and ground floor door openings.

Low

  • Replacement of stainless-steel louvre.
  • Corrosion reparations to louvre.
  • Repainting of front door in like-colours.
  • Revarnishing of front and ground floor door in like-colours.

Auxiliary light

High

  • Removal of auxiliary light.
  • Major alterations to the original sector window opening.

Low

  • Replacement of broken sector window panes.
  • Upgrade or replacement of LED light source.

External stairs

High

  • Removal of or major alterations to original external stairs including balustrades.

Low

  • Corrosion reparations to balustrade.

Apron, path and wall

High

  • Major alterations to original apron and wall.

Low

  • Repainting of wall, apron and timber rail in like-colours.
  • Replacement of recent concrete footpath and timber rail with like-materials.

Generator building

Moderate

  • Removal of generator building.
  • Adding of attachment to generator building

Low

  • Replacement or upgrade of power supply, control equipment and back-up power supply.
\n```\n\n 6.3 Statutory and legislative requirements\n\nThe following table lists the Acts and codes relevant to the management of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse.\n\n| Act or code | Description |\n| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) | The Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) requires agencies to prepare management plans that satisfy the obligations included in Schedule 7A and 7B of the EPBC Regulations. |\n| Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (Cth)Schedule 7B | The Commonwealth Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water has determined these principles as essential for guidance in managing heritage properties.The objective in managing Commonwealth Heritage places is to identify, protect, conserve, present and transmit, to all generations, their Commonwealth Heritage values.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should use the best available knowledge, skills and standards for those places, and include ongoing technical and community input to decisions and actions that may have a significant impact on their Commonwealth Heritage values.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should respect all heritage values of the place and seek to integrate, where appropriate, any Commonwealth, state, territory and local government responsibilities for those places.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should ensure that their use and presentation is consistent with the conservation of their Commonwealth Heritage values.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should make timely and appropriate provision for community involvement, especially by people who:(a) have a particular interest in, or associations with, the place; and(b) may be affected by the management of the place;Indigenous people are the primary source of information on the value of their heritage and that the active participation of indigenous people in identification, assessment and management is integral to the effective protection of indigenous heritage values.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should provide for regular monitoring, review and reporting on the conservation of Commonwealth Heritage values. |\n| AMSA Heritage Strategy 2022-2025 | As the custodian of many iconic sites, the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) has long recognised the importance of preserving their cultural heritage.This Heritage Strategy is in response to section 341ZA of the EPBC Act (1999) which obliges AMSA to prepare and maintain a heritage strategy, along with obliging AMSA to:Assist in identification, assessment and monitoring of places of heritage value in its care;Prepare and maintain a register of its places of heritage value;Protect the heritage value of places when they are sold or leased;Provide this heritage strategy, and any subsequent major updates, to the relevant minister.The strategy derives from the AMSA Corporate Plan and achievements are reported through the AMSA Annual Report. The 2021-22 AMSA Annual report can be found online.[xli] |\n| Navigation Act 2012 (Cth) | Part 5 of the Act outlines AMSA’s power to establish, maintain and inspect marine aids to navigation (such as Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse).(1) AMSA may:(a) establish and maintain aids to navigation; and(b) add to, alter or remove any aid to navigation that is owned or controlled by AMSA; and(c) vary the character of any aid to navigation that is owned or controlled by AMSA.(2) AMSA, or person authorised in writing by AMSA may, at any reasonable time of the day or night:(a) inspect any aid to navigation or any lamp or light which, in the opinion of AMSA or the authorised person, may affect the safety or convenience of navigation, whether the aid to navigation of the lamp or light is the property of:(i) a state or territory; or(ii) an agency of a state or territory; or(iii) any other person; and(b) enter any property, whether public or private, for the purposes of an inspection under paragraph (a); and(c) transport, or cause to be transported, any good through any property, whether public or private, for any purpose in connection with:(i) the maintenance of an aid to navigation that is owned or controlled by AMSA; or(ii) the establishment of any aid to navigation by AMSA. |\n| Australian Heritage Council Act 2003 (Cth) | This Act establishes the Australian Heritage Council, whose functions are:to make assessments under Division 1A and 3A of Part 15 of the EPBC Act 1999;to advise the Minister on conserving and protecting places included, or being considered for inclusion, in the National Heritage List or Commonwealth Heritage List;to nominate places for inclusion in the National Heritage List or Commonwealth Heritage List;to promote the identification, assessment, conservation and monitoring of heritage;to keep the Register of the National Estate;to organise and engage in research and investigations necessary for the performance of its functions;to provide advice directly to any person or body or agency either if its own initiative of at the request of the Minister; andto make reports as outlined in the Act. |\n| New South Wales Heritage Act 1977 (NSW) | The objects of this Act include:(a) to promote an understanding of the State’s heritage;(b) to encourage the conservation of the State’s heritage;(c) to provide for the identification and registration of items of State heritage significance;(d) to provide for the interim protection of items of State heritage significance;(e) to encourage the adaptive reuse of items of State heritage significance;(f) to constitute the Heritage Council of New South Wales and confer on it functions relating to the State’s heritage;(g) to assist owners with the conservation of items of State heritage significance. |\n| Building Code of Australia | The Code is the definitive regulatory resource for building construction, providing a nationally accepted and uniform approach to technical requirements for the building industry. It specifies matters relating to building work in order to achieve a range of health and safety objectives, including fire safety.As far as possible, Commonwealth agencies aim to achieve compliance with the Code, although this may not be entirely possible because of the nature of and constraints provided by existing circumstances, such as an existing building. |\n| Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (Cth) | The objectives of this Act include:(1) The main object of this Act is to provide for a balanced and nationally consistent framework to secure the health and safety of workers and workplaces by:a) protecting workers and other persons against harm to their health, safety and welfare through the elimination or minimisation of risks arising from work; andb) providing for fair and effective workplace representation, consultation, co‑operation and issue resolution in relation to work health and safety; andc) encouraging unions and employer organisations to take a constructive role in promoting improvements in work health and safety practices, and assisting persons conducting businesses or undertakings and workers to achieve a healthier and safer working environment; andd) promoting the provision of advice, information, education and training in relation to work health and safety; ande) securing compliance with this Act through effective and appropriate compliance and enforcement measures; andf) ensuring appropriate scrutiny and review of actions taken by persons exercising powers and performing functions under this Act; andg) providing a framework for continuous improvement and progressively higher standards of work health and safety; andh) maintaining and strengthening the national harmonisation of laws relating to work health and safety and to facilitate a consistent national approach to work health and safety in this jurisdiction.(2) In furthering subsection (1)(a), regard must be had to the principle that workers and other persons should be given the highest level of protection against harm to their health, safety and welfare from hazards and risks arising from work as is reasonably practicable.[Quoted from Division 2 of Act]This has implications for Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse of Australia as it is related to AMSA staff, contractors and visitors. |\n\n 6.4 Operational requirements and occupier needs\n\nAs a working AtoN, the operational needs of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse are primarily concerned with navigational requirements. Below are the operational details and requirements of the Sugarloaf Point light as outlined by AMSA.\n\nNavigation requirement for AMSA’s AtoN site\n\nThe following table is taken from AMSA’s Asset Management Strategy for the Sugarloaf Point Light.\n\n| 1 | Objective/rationale | An AtoN is required on Sugarloaf Point to mark the point itself and to provide a landfall mark on this south-east point of Australia.The AtoN is required to provide a mark for coastal navigation and to assist ships in keeping clear of several shoals that lie within close proximity both north and south of it.An auxiliary fixed red light is required to guard over the Seal Rocks that lie 2.5 nm to the south. |\n| --- | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| 2 | Required type(s) of AtoN | A fixed structure is required to act as a day mark.A distinctive light is required for use at night. |\n| 3 | Priority/significance | An AtoN at this site is critical for the navigation of commercial ships. |\n| 4 | Required measure of performance | The service performance of the AtoN must comply with the IALA Availability Target Category 1 (99.8%). |\n| 5 | Primary and secondary means (if any) of identification | The day mark must be conspicuous. The existing 15m white round masonry tower and lantern at an elevation of 79m meets this requirement.The light must comply with the requirements of rhythmic characters of light as per the IALA NAVGUIDE. The light must have distinct characteristics that are easy to recognise and identify. The present flashing white light every 7.5 seconds meets this requirement. |\n| 6 | Visual range | During daytime, the AtoN structure should be visible from at least 5 nautical miles.At night, the white light must have a nominal range of at least 25 nautical miles and the red sector light must have a nominal range of at least 13 nautical miles |\n| 7 | Radar conspicuousness | As the Sugarloaf Point itself provides a good radar echo, no additional radar enhancement is required for this site. |\n\nAMSA’s goals\n\nAMSA is responsible, under the Navigation Act, for maintaining a network of marine AtoN around Australia’s coastline that assist mariners to make safe and efficient passages. AMSA’s present network of approximately 500 marine AtoN includes traditional lighthouses such as Sugarloaf Point, beacons, buoys, racons, automatic identification system stations, metocean sensors including broadcasting tide gauges, current meter, directional wave rider buoys and a weather station.\n\nTechnological developments in the area of vessel traffic management have also contributed to increasing navigation safety and helped promote marine environment protection. AMSA aims to meet international standards for the reliability of lighthouses set by the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA).\n\nAt the time of preparing this management plan, the major goal for Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse primarily encompassed continuing its utilisation as an AtoN (for as long as necessary), while upkeeping the appropriate maintenance to conserve and preserve the heritage values of the lighthouse.\n\nLighthouse performance standards\n\nAMSA aims to meet international standards for the reliability of lighthouses set by IALA. Sugarloaf Point light is designated as an IALA Availability Category 1 AtoN (within a scale of Category 1 to Category 3, Category 1 aids are most critical). Category 1 aids have an availability target of 99.8 per cent.\n\nAccess to the lighthouse\n\nOne practical effect of this performance standard is that the operational equipment and structure of the light need to be kept in good repair by regular maintenance and equipment that fails in service is repaired quickly. Routine maintenance and emergency repairs are carried out by AMSA’s maintenance contractor. The contractor needs reliable access to the site for this work, and AMSA officers need access for occasional inspections of the site including to audit the contractor’s performance.\n\n 6.5 Proposals for change\n\nPreventative maintenance works are carried out on the lighthouse to maintain its status as a working marine AtoN, and to assist in the site’s conservation.\n\nA list of scheduled preventative maintenance work is identified within the latest available site inspection report. The information provided below was taken from this report.\n\n| Maintenance | Estimated date of work |\n| ---------------------- | ---------------------- |\n| LED Array replacement | 2026 |\n| Reseal lantern glazing | 2026 |\n| Lantern room paint | 2026 |\n\n 6.6 Potential pressures\n\nA significant pressure that harnesses the potential to effect the Commonwealths heritage values of the place would be the obligation to remove or replace original fabric materials from the lighthouse owing to unavoidable and irreversible deterioration. At the time this plan was written, no current plans exist to remove or replace any original fabric materials from Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse. In the event plans are made to modify or remove heritage fabric, work will be conducted in line with the heritage considerations and requirements of the EPBC Act.\n\n 6.7 Processes for decision-making\n\nProcesses for decision-making are required in the event of an incident that impacts the heritage values of the site. The following incidents are included due to their likelihood of occurrence at Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse.\n\n| Incident | Procedure |\n| -------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| Major project/maintenance works proposed | Prepare Heritage Impact Statement on proposed modifications.Submit scope of works and Heritage Impact Statement to the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, and NSW Heritage.Notify and liaise with NSW NPWS regarding the works proposal. |\n| Damage to lighthouse’s fabric (heritage significance) | AMSA or selected contractors assess extent of damageNotify NSW NPWS.Seek heritage advice on restoration of heritage fabric impacted.Identify possible loss of heritage value (at both state and Commonwealth level).Seek the appropriate approvals for restoration of heritage fabric impacted.Implement best-practice management of restoration work in keeping with the original character of the place.In the case of a loss of heritage value, prepare report for submission to the Heritage Council.Update record-keeping of incident and make available to relevant personnel. |\n| Damage to lighthouse’s fabric (no heritage significance) | AMSA or selected contractors to assess extent of damage.Identify possible impact on heritage fabric in any work carried out to restore non-significant fabric.Implement best-practice management of restoration work.Update record-keeping of incident and make available to relevant personnel. |\n| Light upgrade (removal/replacement of AtoN light source) | Assess possible loss of heritage value in the event of an upgrade.If necessary, seek expert heritage advice on process of upgrade.If necessary, seek heritage approvals for the upgrade of light.Implement best-practice management of light upgrade work.Update record-keeping and make available to relevant personnel. |\n| Modification to lighthouse such as adding of attachment | Assess possible obstruction to light.Seek heritage approvals for attachment to tower.Monitor attachment and update record-keeping. |\n| Unforeseen discovery of Aboriginal artefacts on-site. | Immediate stop-work. Create temporary 'buffer' zone and allow no entry in zone until artefacts have been assessed by appropriate personnel.Notify NSW NPWS and NSW Heritage.Delay work on site until artefacts have been appropriately extracted and further investigations carried out in surrounding area.Update record-keeping of unforeseen discovery and make available to relevant personnel. |\n| Divestment of lighthouse from AMSA | Transfer control of heritage assets to NSW NPWS.Transfer relevant records and historical information held by AMSA to NSW NPWS. |\n\n![Decorative cover page which reads \"7. Conservation management principles and policies\"](image.081.jpeg) \n\n7. Conservation management principles and policies\n\nPolicies\n\nFabric and setting\n\nPolicy 1 – Protect and conserve the significant external and internal fabric of the lighthouse, including existing buildings, layout and setting.\n\nAMSA’s main purpose is to facilitate the ongoing operation of the site as a marine AtoN while preserving the site’s heritage values. As part of a heritage monitoring program, Heritage Asset Condition Reports are produced for each site every two years to evaluate the condition of the heritage fabric and values. Routine servicing is also carried out by maintenance contractors. Regular written reports from these visits will be sent to AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness for review and any work requirements identified will be scheduled accordingly. Should for some unforeseen reason the site no longer be viable as a marine AtoN, ownership will be passed to an appropriate state or federal authority to ensure preservation of the heritage assets.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- AtoN Maintenance Contractor will continue scheduled periodic maintenance of the lighthouse and marine aids to navigation every 12 months to ensure condition is monitored for early warning of deterioration. Schedule must be approved by AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to arrange for maintenance to be carried out on the lighthouse as required while continuing to operate as an AMSA marine AtoN.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to continue the scheduled heritage monitoring visits to Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse and review of the Heritage Asset Condition Reports every two years.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to arrange for the replacement and upgrading of marine AtoN equipment in the lighthouse as required to meet AMSA’s service commitment, in a manner that preserves the original fabric of the lighthouse.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to maintain information on the heritage fabric of the lighthouse including any and all actions, treatments and inspection outcomes within the heritage fabric register. See ‘Section 4.1 for Fabric register’.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to conserve all the fabric elements identified as significant in the Heritage Asset Condition Report.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to seek expert materials conservation advice when considering repair, restoration and reconstruction of historic fabric. The relevant local, state and Commonwealth heritage approvals must be sought prior to repair, restoration and reconstruction.\n- AMSA AtoN Heritage Coordinator to conserve the distinctive character of the lightstation by collecting photographic evidence and historical documentation of the original fabric.\n\nUses\n\nPolicy 2 – Install and operate equipment in the lighthouse, so it continues to function as an effective marine AtoN, in such a way as to impose the least possible harm to the significant fabric.\n\nSugarloaf Point Lighthouse’s use as a working marine AtoN is of high priority. Carrying out maintenance, including upgrades to navigational equipment, is necessary to its function and continued marine safety along the NSW coast. In the event of the installation or upgrade to AtoN equipment, proper precaution will be taken to ensure the least possible harm is done to significant fabric.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- AtoN Maintenance Contractor to monitor Sugarloaf Point’s AtoN equipment every 12 months and propose maintenance in the instance of necessary installation or removal. Proposed maintenance is to be approved by AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness.\n- AtoN Maintenance Contractor and AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to outline all possible risks to significant fabric (external and internal) associated with the installation, removal and operation of navigational equipment.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to ensure works carried out are those that ensure the least possible harm to significant fabric.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to seek expert heritage conservation advice on best practice management of the site during installation, removal and operation of AtoN equipment.\n\nPolicy 3 – Monitor possible impacts to the site resulting from tourism and control appropriate access to the lighthouse for contractors and visitors.\n\nSugarloaf Point Lighthouse is not currently open as a tourist site and access inside the lighthouse is restricted to authorised personnel, such as contractors and AMSA employees. In the event Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse were to be opened to tour groups, AMSA personnel and contractors would require easy access inside the lighthouse precinct and tower for periodical site visits to carry out inspections and routine maintenance.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- AtoN Maintenance Contractor to ensure control of access to all buildings within the precinct is maintained by periodically inspecting restricted access areas every 12 months.\n- AtoN Maintenance Contractor and AMSA Asset Management to report instances of vandalism through internal channels, assess for impact on heritage values and conduct repairs.\n- AtoN Maintenance Contractor to report instances of forced entry.\n- AtoN Maintenance Contractor to inspect lighthouse for signs of wear and tear attributed to visitor intake during yearly maintenance visit, and note changes in Heritage Asset Condition Report.\n- The maintenance of the light holds priority over official tours conducted inside the lighthouse.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to ensure access to the lighthouse complies with workplace health and safety measures.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to notify NSW NPWS of any special events that require access to the lightstation.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to ensure access to site is available for Traditional Stakeholders to maintain cultural traditions.\n\nInterpretation\n\nPolicy 4 – Accurate and relevant interpretation of the history and significance of the place should be made available to site users/visitors and for offsite external research.\n\nAMSA will continue to make information available through the maintenance of site interpretive signage and its website.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- All relevant information concerning the history and significance of the place will be checked for accuracy and updated appropriately.\n- Information will be primarily presented in online resource files accessible to both relevant personnel and the general public. On-site interpretative signage will be utilised where appropriate.\n- This information will be maintained and updated in accordance with changes to the history and significance of the place.\n\nManagement\n\nPolicy 5 – AMSA will continue to conserve the lighthouse in accordance with Commonwealth and NSW State heritage listing requirements.\n\nFor works requiring heritage approval, AMSA will obtain permission from any relevant state or federal authorities. Continuous and as-needed conservation works will be undertaken as required.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to liaise with the relevant Commonwealth and State heritage agencies when proposing work on the site.\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to consult with NSW NPWS when proposing work on site.\n Approval in writing from the relevant Commonwealth and State heritage authorities must be granted for any proposals for development.\n\nPolicy 6 – The cultural significance of the lightstation will be the basis for deciding how to manage it.\n\nThe heritage values or cultural significance of the place must be conserved. This heritage management plan includes relevant background information to support this policy (see ‘Section 3 History’ & ‘Section 5 Heritage Significance’).\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- Conserve the lighthouse to protect its heritage values (cultural significance).\n- When possible, strive to maintain the original fabric of the lighthouse.\n- Use the Burra Charter as the primary guide for treatment of fabric.\n- Engage appropriately qualified heritage consultants when making decisions regarding impact on heritage values.\n- Assess impacts on the heritage values of the place when considering proposed alterations or adaptations.\n\nPolicy 7 – Monitor, review and report the Commonwealth heritage values of the lighthouse every five years or sooner if major changes to the lightstation occur.\n\nThe Commonwealth heritage values of the lighthouse are to be monitored and reported on a regular basis. A Heritage Asset Condition Report is updated for Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse every two years. The report records historical information, condition, and maintenance requirements for fabric within the lighthouse to ensure a gain and/or loss of heritage value is identified.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to regularly monitor the lighthouse for possible impacts on the identified Commonwealth heritage values.\n- AtoN Maintenance Contractor to update the Heritage Asset Condition Report every two years, and AMSA AtoN Heritage Coordinator to review the reports.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to review the current Commonwealth heritage values at least once every five years and assess any gain/loss of values. This review must be undertaken in the event of any major alterations to the lightstation.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to report any changes to the Commonwealth heritage values of the lightstation to the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (Heritage Branch).\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to update AMSA’s Heritage Strategy and this plan to reflect any changes identified.\n\nPolicy 8 – Maintain historical, management and maintenance records within AMSA and make available these records.\n\nAs part of the proper process for managing change in significant places, the Burra Charter points out the importance of making records before any change, and advocates placing records in a permanent archive and making them available where this is appropriate. AMSA’s collection of records, which include documents pertaining to heritage intervention, management and maintenance, are subject to this process. Heritage Asset Condition Reports are routinely generated for each heritage lighthouse and stored in AMSA’s record-keeping system. AMSA will continue to practice such processes via their records management systems.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- AMSA to maintain, review and update records through existing AMSA record management system.\n- AMSA to ensure records are made available to the relevant personnel and parties.\n\nPolicy 9 – Develop and provide appropriate training and resources to all relevant AMSA staff, contractors and licensees.\n\nIn order to ensure best practice management of AMSA-operated lighthouses, all staff, contractors and licensees are required to have access to the appropriate training and resources in order to provide best practice conservation of the site.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to provide staff, contractors and licensees access to up-to-date versions of the AMSA heritage strategy, heritage management plans and fabric registers.\n- When funds are made available, AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness staff and contractors will undertake a relevant training to ensure comprehension of the Commonwealth heritage and EPBC Act statutory requirements.\n- AMSA representatives will attend Commonwealth-run heritage workshops, programs and conferences for up-to-date information on statutory requirements and best-practice management of sites of national and state heritage significance.\n All current and incoming tour guides operating within AMSA lighthouses will be required to take the lighthouse tour guide safety induction e-learning module once every two years to stay informed on heritage values, visitor safety and duty-of-care for the site’s heritage values.\n\nPolicy 10 – Use contractors and service providers with appropriate experience.\n\nAMSA is to ensure parties carrying out work have appropriate knowledge and use effective methods to ensure conservation of the lighthouse.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to engage staff and contractors with the relevant experience and expertise concerning conservation of the lighthouse.\n- Develop and provide the appropriate training on heritage conservation matters for AMSA staff and other relevant parties who hold responsibility for heritage management.\n\nPolicy 11 – Seek heritage advice and apply best heritage practice.\n\nAMSA will continue to use in-house heritage expertise, external consultancy, or a combination of both as required in order to successfully apply best heritage practice. Should in-house heritage expertise be limited in responding to a requirement, external heritage expertise will be engaged to address the issue.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- Apply in-house heritage expertise when required.\n\n- Use tools such as the Burra Charter, Working Together: Managing Commonwealth Heritage Places[\\[xlii\\]](#_edn42) and Interim Engaging with First Nations People and Communities on Assessments and Approvals under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999[\\[xliii\\]](#_edn43) to measure the likely impact of proposals.\n- Seek external heritage expertise in the event of limited in-house capability.\n\nPolicy 12 – Appropriate protocol in the event of unforeseen discoveries or disturbances of Aboriginal heritage within the AMSA site.\n\nAMSA’s scope of work rarely involves excavation. Should such work need be undertaken, AMSA will implement a suitable discovery plan and seek advice from suitably qualified personnel as required. In the event of any unforeseen discovery or disturbance of Aboriginal heritage items on the AMSA site, notification to the appropriate organisation will occur in accordance with the conditions of the discovery plan. This plan will also be updated accordingly.\n\nNote: In most cases, AMSA’s leases are limited to the immediate vicinity of the lighthouse and therefore this scenario is not anticipated as a likely occurrence.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- In the event of an unforeseen discovery, AMSA will notify NSW NPWS.\n- Seek appropriate heritage advice and apply best practice in the event of unforeseen discoveries/disturbances.\n\nPolicy 13 – Make this heritage management plan available to all persons involved in decision-making on the management of the lighthouse and its setting.\n\nThe plan will be made available to all personnel intrinsic to management of the lighthouse and its setting, for example AMSA maintenance contractors, staff and other relevant parties.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- Provide links to this plan via the AMSA publicly accessible website.\n- Provide copies to all relevant personnel and parties.\n\nFuture developments\n\nPolicy 14 – Adaptation of the place using methods or processes that minimise impact on heritage values and significance in accordance with the Burra Charter principles.\n\nIt is likely that over time the lighthouse will house new equipment as technology changes and improves. The Burra Charter principles will be used as the basis for decision-making.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- Assess the likely impacts of changes on the heritage values and significance of the place.\n\n- Preserve the original fabric of the place and do only what is necessary for the continued use and care of the place.\n- Engage expert heritage advice and use the Burra Charter in adapting the place.\n\nPolicy 15 – When required, engage with adjacent landowners to maintain an appropriate setting for the lighthouse in its visual and natural context.\n\nAny changes to the surrounding land, or AMSA leased area, requires careful consideration. AMSA will liaise with NSW NPWS and all adjacent landowners in the event of any proposed changes that may affect the setting and attempt to influence a positive outcome.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to engage with NSW NPWS and adjacent landowners through consultation when changes are proposed regarding the wider visual and natural context.\n\nPolicy 16 – In the event of adaptive re-use or divestment (an instance(s) which would no longer place the lighthouse under AMSA control), AMSA will strive to ensure the Commonwealth and NSW State heritage values of the site are recognised and preserved.\n\nIn the event Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse is no longer identified as a working AtoN, AMSA will withdraw its standing as lessee and hand over all authority to the lessor. This process must be conducted in line with s 341ZE of the EPBC Act.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- AMSA will negotiate with lessor to have site lease terminated.\n- All available heritage information within AMSA’s collection, including this heritage management plan, will be shared with the relevant parties to ensure the Commonwealth and NSW State heritage values of the site are recognised and preserved.\n\nCommunity Involvement\n\nPolicy 17 – Consult with Traditional Stakeholders and the wider community in the preparation of the management plan.\n\nAMSA will give the community and Traditional Stakeholders, as well as the general public, an opportunity to review and comment on this management plan through a public consultation process.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- Undertake community consultation when preparing the heritage management plan in accordance with EPBC Regulations.\n- Seek advice from Traditional Stakeholders and refer to Interim Engaging with First Nations People and Communities on Assessments and Approvals under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999[\\[xliv\\]](#_edn44) to guide consultations.\n\nPolicy 18 - Manage and record sensitive information appropriately.\n\nSensitive information may be passed onto AMSA during consultation with stakeholders and the general public. This information will be handled in-line with AMSA’s privacy policy.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n AMSA will record, store and manage sensitive information in-line with its privacy policy.\n No sensitive information will be included in draft or published heritage management plans.\n\nReview\n\nPolicy 19 – Review this plan within five years of its adoption or sooner if major changes are needed.\n\nThis plan will be reviewed every five years. This review should:\n\n\\- assess the content of the plan.\n\n\\- determine its effectiveness in protecting the identified heritage values.\n\n\\- provide any necessary recommendations for updating or re-writing of the plan. If major changes occur at the site in the interim, this plan will be reviewed and updated earlier than the specified five years.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to review this heritage management plan at least five years after its adoption.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to review and update this heritage management plan in the event of a major change to the lightstation.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to summarise changes implemented within updated plan.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to submit revised plan for approval.\n\n \n\n![Decorative cover page which reads \"8. Policy implementation plan\"](image.082.jpeg) \n\n8. Policy implementation plan\n\n8.1 Plan and schedule\n\n```html\n

Key Issue

Management action/task

Policies

Responsibility

Priority

Timeframe

Conservation and preservation

Conserve the lighthouse.

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 14

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

High

As required

Review the heritage management plan every five years.

18

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

Medium

2028 (5 years (minimum)

Make this plan available to all relevant personnel.

7, 13

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

High

Ongoing

Liaison dealings

If applicable, ensure communication is maintained with adjacent landowners.

15

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

Medium

As required

Consult with Traditional Stakeholders and the community in preparing the management plan.

17

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

Medium

As required

Heritage values

Review the Commonwealth heritage values every five years.

7

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

High

2028

Consider heritage values when proposing new planning and/or developments.

5, 6, 7, 14

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator and Project Managers

High

Ongoing

Ensure process of re-use or divestment of the site recognises and preserves heritage values.

16

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

High

As required

Conduct heritage monitoring site visit and review Heritage Asset Condition Report every two years.

1, 7

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

High

Ongoing

Staff and community awareness

Develop and provide relevant training and awareness for management personnel (contractors and site-users).

9

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

High

As required

Ensure the availability of accurate and relevant information on the history and significance of the lighthouse for site-users and visitors.

4

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

Medium

Ongoing

Record-keeping/access

Maintain adequate record-keeping of historical, management and maintenance documents. Make these records available.

8

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

High

Ongoing

Expert heritage advice

Ensure knowledge and advice of heritage experts is used.

10, 11

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

Medium

As required

Lighthouse maintenance

Schedule periodic maintenance.

1

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

High

Ongoing (reoccurring once every 12 months)

The implementation of unforeseen discovery or disturbance processes in the event of an accidental discovery.

12

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

Medium

As required

Lightstation access

Secure appropriate access to lighthouse for contractor and official visitors.

3

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

Medium

As required

\n```\n\n8.2 Monitoring and reporting\n\nAs stipulated by Schedule 7A of the EPBC Regulations, the outlined implementation plan and associated policies listed above are required to be monitored and updated accordingly. The below review process timetable will be adhered to over the next five years:\n\n| Timeframe | Review step | Responsibility |\n| --------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |\n| 2026 | Plan’s half-life internal review:Assess strengths and weaknesses of existing planAddress any known impact to the lighthouse’s heritage values | AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness |\n| 2028 | Plan’s full-life review:Consult with internal and external stakeholders on existing planPrepare updated draft plan and consult with the Heritage BranchSubmit reviewed plan to the Minister | AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness |\n\nOther key actions in monitoring and reporting include:\n\n- ensuring the implementation plan and policies are readily available for all relevant personnel\n- delegating AMSA staff to periodically check the implementation plan is up-to-date and being utilised appropriately by the relevant personnel\n- ensuring the timeframes outlined within the plan are followed\n- delegating AMSA Response staff to review this plan and the associated policies at least every five years and determine whether its contents are relevant and effective in terms of continuing to conserve the place. \n \n\n![Decorative cover page which reads \"9. Appendices\"](image.083.jpeg)\n\n \n\nAppendix 1. Glossary of heritage conservation terms\n\nThe Burra Charter, from its first version (1979) and its current version (2013), defined a set of terms that have since been widely adopted in Australian heritage conservation practice.\n\nWhere the following terms are used in this heritage management plan, the particular meanings defined in the charter are intended. The definitions are quoted from Article 1 of the Burra Charter.\n\nAdaptation means modifying a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.\n\nAssociations means the special connections that exist between people and a place.\n\nCompatible use means a use which respects the cultural significance of a place. Such a use involves no, or minimal, impact on cultural significance.\n\nConservation means all the processes of looking after a place to retain its cultural significance.\n\nCultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations. Cultural significance is embodied in the place itself, its fabric, setting, use, associations, meanings, records, related places and related objects. Places may have a range of values for different individuals or groups.\n\nFabric means all the physical material of the place including components, fixtures, contents, and objects.\n\nInterpretation means all the ways of presenting the cultural significance of a place.\n\nMaintenance means the continuous protective care of a place and its setting. Maintenance is to be distinguished from repair which involves restoration or reconstruction.\n\nMeanings denote what a place signifies, indicates, evokes or expresses to.\n\nPlace means a geographically defined area. It may include elements, objects, spaces and view. Place may have tangible and intangible dimensions.\n\nPreservation means maintaining a place in its existing state and retarding deterioration.\n\nReconstruction means returning a place to a known earlier state and is distinguished from restoration by the introduction of new material.\n\nRelated object means an object that contributes to the cultural significance of a place but is not at the place.\n\nRelated place means a place that contributes to the cultural significance of another place.\n\nRestoration means returning a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing elements without the introduction of new material.\n\nSetting means the immediate and extended environment of a place that is part of or contributes to its cultural significance and distinctive character.\n\nUse means the functions of a place, including the activities and traditional and customary practices that may occur at the place or are dependant on the place.\n\n \n\nAppendix 2. Glossary of historic lighthouse terms relevant to Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse\n\nA\n\nApron paving – the concrete paving surround the base of the lighthouse tower.\n\nAstragal – the bars which support the glazing of a lantern. They may also support the roof. Simply a framing member between the glazing bars in the lantern glazing. In its true meaning an astragal is a moulding that has a rounded profile. In lanterns this is almost never the case.\n\nAuxiliary light – a secondary light sometimes installed in lighthouses to mark out specific hazards in the water below the lighthouse (see Subsidiary Light).\n\nB\n\nBalcony – a walk way around the outside of the lantern, used for maintenance and (formerly, when lighthouses were manned) for observing ships. Principal parts are the balcony floor and the balcony balustrade. (Synonym: gallery deck).\n\nBalcony floor – floor of the balcony. Sugarloaf Point has a balcony floor of 1875 granite slab.\n\nBalcony balustrade – a handrail together with its supports. The supports are called balusters. Simply a railing or wall on the outer perimeter of the balcony, to prevent people from falling off the balcony. Generally made of metal stanchions and rails – Sugarloaf Point has balcony balustrades of curved 1875 gunmetal railing.\n\nBalcony door – door in the lantern base to give access to the balcony. In AMSA lanterns two doors are sometimes fitted but only one is operational. (Synonym: parapet hatch, service room door). Sugarloaf Point has an iron framed and sheeted balcony door.\n\nC\n\nCandelas – International unit of measurement for the luminous intensity of a light.\n\nCast iron – a mixture of iron and carbon with a relatively high carbon content and a low melting point, produced directly from a blast furnace.\n\nChance Bros – English manufacturer of optical apparatus, lanterns, cast iron stairs, cast iron towers, and other lighthouse components. The Chance family established a glass-making business in Smethwick, England in 1824 and is often described as ‘near Birmingham’. The business was absorbed into the Pilkington group of companies in 1951 and now ceases to exist.\n\nCharacter – pattern of flashes of light emitted by a lighthouse, designed to identify that particular lighthouse.\n\nCopper – a red malleable metal of low resistivity.\n\nI\n\nIntensity – the strength of a light measured by candelas.\n\nIron – there were two common types of iron used in lighthouse construction; wrought and cast. Older lights will almost certainly contain these iron types. Wrought iron has been worked by hand and is an [iron](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron \"Iron\") [alloy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy \"Alloy\") with a very low [carbon](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon \"Carbon\") content in contrast to [steel](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel \"Steel\"), it also has fibrous [inclusions](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_\\(mineral\\) \"Inclusion (mineral)\"). Cast iron is iron which has been heated until it liquefies, and is then poured into a mould to solidify.\n\nL\n\nLantern – the glazed enclosure, usually of cylindrical or polygonal shape, at the top of a lighthouse, which surrounds and protects the optical apparatus. It contains the optical apparatus, made up of the lantern roof, lantern glazing and lantern base sections.\n\nLantern floor – the level in a lighthouse at which the lantern is installed, and by which access may be gained to the optical system and to the inside and outside of the lantern glazing. The lantern floor is generally at or near the same level as the catwalk and cane be made from steel, concrete, or timber. Sugarloaf Point has a lantern floor of cast iron.\n\nLantern glazing – the middle section of the lantern, circular or polygonal in plan, between the lantern roof above and the lantern base below, made up of glass panes held in a framework of glazing bars. On the landward side there may be blank panels in place of glass, or other opaque construction. Types of lantern glazing include: flat & curved trapezoidal panes and curved diamond/triangular panes. Sugarloaf Point has three tiers of flat rectangular panes.\n\nLantern roof – the roof of the lantern. Usually made of copper sheeting over a framework of rafters.\n\nLens assembly – a transparent optically refracting element of glass. The surface is usually spherical in form.\n\nLight source – electric bulbs now illuminate most lighthouses.\n\nLighthouse – the principal structure of a lightstation, generally made up of a lantern, balcony and tower.\n\nLightstation – a precinct containing a lighthouse structure and other related buildings, for example. Keepers’ cottages, store room, signal house.\n\nO\n\nOrder – a shorthand expression of the size of an optical apparatus or lantern. At the time the system of orders was established, when kerosene burners were used, longer range lights needed larger burners, and larger burners needed lens assemblies of longer focal length to ensure a sharply defined beam. Thus in turn the lantern rooms were required to be larger to house these lens assemblies. AMSA historic lantern rooms range from 1st to 4th order.\n\nP\n\nPedestal – part of the optical apparatus, consisting of a metal column or base standing on the balcony floor inside the lantern and supporting the lens assembly and light source. Some later Chance documentation (such as their tariffs 1908) also refer to the lantern base as a pedestal.\n\nS\n\nSubsidiary light - a secondary light sometimes installed in lighthouses to mark out specific hazards in the water below the lighthouse (see Auxiliary light).\n\nT\n\nTower – structure to support the lantern at a sufficient height above the ground. The most common types are the masonry tower, timber-framed tower, cast iron tower, and lattice tower. Sugarloaf Point has walls consisting of 1875 tapered brick masonry.\n\n \n\nAppendix 3. Table demonstrating compliance with the EPBC Regulations\n\n```html\n

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (Cth) Schedule 7A – Management Plans for Commonwealth Heritage Places

Legislation

Satisfied within

A management plan must:

(a) Establish objectives for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission of the Commonwealth Heritage values of the place

Section 1 – Introduction

(b) Provide a management framework that

includes reference to any statutory

requirements and agency mechanisms for

the protection of the Commonwealth

heritage values of the place

Section 1 – Introduction

(c) Provide a comprehensive description of the

place, including information about its

location, physical features, condition,

historical context and current uses

Section 2 – Sugarloaf Point Lightstation site

Section 3 - History

Section 4 - Fabric

(d) Provide a description of the

Commonwealth heritage values and any

other heritage values of the place

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(e) Describe the condition of the

Commonwealth heritage values of the

place

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(f) Describe the method used to assess the

Commonwealth heritage values of the

place

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(g) Describe the current management

requirements and goals including

proposals for change and any potential

pressures on the Commonwealth heritage

values of the place

Section 6 – Opportunities and constraints

(h) Have policies to manage the

Commonwealth heritage values of a place,

and include in those policies, guidance in

relation to the following:

i. The management and conservation processes to be used

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 14)

ii. The access and security

arrangements, including access to

the area for indigenous people to

maintain cultural traditions

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 3)

iii. The stakeholder and community

consultation and liaison

arrangements

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 15, 17)

iv. The policies and protocols to

ensure that indigenous people

participate in the management

process

Section 7- Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 17)

v. The protocols for the management

of sensitive information

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 18)

vi. The planning and management of

works, development, adaptive reuse

and property divestment

proposals

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 16)

vii. How unforeseen discoveries or

disturbances of heritage are to be

managed

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 12)

viii. How, and under what

circumstances, heritage advice is

to be obtained

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 10, 11)

ix. How the condition of

Commonwealth heritage values is

to be monitored and reported

Section 7- Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 5, 6, 7, 14)

x. How records of intervention and

maintenance of a heritage places

register are kept

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 7, 13)

xi. The research, training and

resources needed to improve

management

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 9)

xii. How heritage values are to be

interpreted and promoted

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 4)

(i) Include an implementation plan

Section 8 – Policy implementation plan

(j) Show how the implementation of policies

will be monitored

Section 8 – Policy implementation plan

(k) Show how the management plan will be

reviewed.

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 19)

Section 8 – Policy implementation plan

\n```\n\n \n\nAppendix 4. Sugarloaf Point current light details\n\nSUGARLOAF POINT MAIN LIGHT - NSW\n\n(Est'd 1875, Conv. to Auto. Dec 1987, Power supply upgrade 27/06/12)\n\nIALA AVAILABILITY\n\nCATEGORY: 1\n\nPOSITION: Latitude: 32 26.4630'S\n\nLongitude: 152 32.3450'E\n\nDatum: WGS84\n\nBA LIST OF LIGHTS: K2776\n\nDAYMARK: White concrete tower and lantern room, 15 metres high.\n\nCHARACTER: Flashing 7.50 seconds\n\nFlash: 0.48 seconds\n\nEclipse: 7.02 seconds\n\nCOLOUR OF LIGHT: White\n\nLENS: 920 mm fr 16 panel Catadioptric to\n\nLIGHT SOURCE: Lamp: LED Array Sealite SL324\n\nLANTERN: 1st Order 11''7\" diameter, Flat Glazing.\n\nLENS SPEED: 1 revolution every 120 sec. (1/2 RPM)\n\nPEDESTAL: CLS lens carriage design\n\nINTENSITY: 1,274,000 cd\n\nPOWER SOURCE: Main Supply: 240V AC mains supply\n\nSTRUCTURE: White round masonry tower 6.5 metres from base to balcony\n\nELEVATION: 79 metres\n\nRANGE: Nominal: 26 nautical miles\n\nGeographical: 22.6 nautical miles\n\n \n\nAppendix 5. Sugarloaf Point current auxiliary light details\n\nSUGARLOAF POINT AUXILARY LIGHT - NSW\n\n(Established 1875, Conv. to Auto. Dec 1987)\n\nIALA AVAILABILITY\n\nCATEGORY: 1\n\nPOSITION: Latitude: 32 26.4630'S\n\nLongitude: 152 32.3450'E\n\nDatum: WGS84\n\nBA LIST OF LIGHTS: K 2776\n\nCHARACTER: Fixed\n\nCOLOUR OF LIGHT: Red\n\nSECTOR: 307 - 010 (063\n\nTRUE BEARINGS Over Seal rocks\n\nFROM SEAWARD\n\nLENS: 250mm fr Catadioptric drum (90 section)\n\nELEVATION: 73 metres\n\nRANGE: Nominal: 13 nautical miles\n\nGeographical: 21.9 nautical miles\n\n \n\nEndnotes\n\n---\n\n[\\[i\\]](#_ednref1) “AMSA Interactive heritage lighthouse map,” Australian Maritime Safety Authority, accessed October 2020, [https://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?\\_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-1996646104.1535497123](https://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-1996646104.1535497123)\n\n[\\[ii\\]](#_ednref2) Australia ICOMOS, The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance (Australia ICOMOS, 2013).\n\n[\\[iii\\]](#_ednref3) Clive Lucas, Stapleton and Partners, Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Conservation Management Plan (Canberra: Australian Maritime Safety Authority, 1995).\n\n[\\[iv\\]](#_ednref4) Suters Architects, Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Conservation Management Plan (Department of Land and Water Conservation, 1999).\n\n[\\[v\\]](#_ednref5) “NPWS Lighthouses: Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan,” Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd (NSW NPWS, 2001), [https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Conservation-management-plans/lighthouses-conservation-management-cultural-tourism-plan.pdf](https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Conservation-management-plans/lighthouses-conservation-management-cultural-tourism-plan.pdf)\n\n[\\[vi\\]](#_ednref6) “Myall Lakes National Park: Little Broughton Island and Stormpetrel Nature Reserves Plan of Management,” NSW NPWS, (2002) [https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Parks-plans-of-management/myall-lakes-national-park-plan-of-management-021001.pdf](https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Parks-plans-of-management/myall-lakes-national-park-plan-of-management-021001.pdf)\n\n[\\[vii\\]](#_ednref7) “NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan: Supplementary Information for Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse,” Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd (NSW NPWS, 2004) [https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Conservation-management-plans/sugarloaf-point-lighthouse-myall-lakes-conservation-management-plan-000168.pdf](https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Conservation-management-plans/sugarloaf-point-lighthouse-myall-lakes-conservation-management-plan-000168.pdf)\n\n[\\[viii\\]](#_ednref8) Peter Marquis-Kyle, Heritage Lighthouse Report: Sugarloaf Point (Australian Maritime Systems Group, 2007).\n\n[\\[ix\\]](#_ednref9) Australian Maritime Systems Group, Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse: Heritage Asset Condition Report, 3rd Revision (Australia Maritime Safety Authority, 2019).\n\n[\\[x\\]](#_ednref10) “Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse, Seal Rocks Rd, Seal Rocks, NSW, Australia,” Australian Heritage Database, accessed October 2020, [https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place\\_detail;search=state%3DNSW%3Blist\\_code%3DCHL%3Blegal\\_status%3D35%3Bkeyword\\_PD%3D0%3Bkeyword\\_SS%3D0%3Bkeyword\\_PH%3D0;place\\_id=105602](https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=state%3DNSW%3Blist_code%3DCHL%3Blegal_status%3D35%3Bkeyword_PD%3D0%3Bkeyword_SS%3D0%3Bkeyword_PH%3D0;place_id=105602)\n\n[\\[xi\\]](#_ednref11) “Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse (Commonwealth), Seal Rocks Rd, Seal Rocks, NSW, Australia,” Australian Heritage Database, accessed October 2020, [https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place\\_detail;search=place\\_name%3DSugarloaf%2520%3Bkeyword\\_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_PH%3Don%3Blatitude\\_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude\\_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude\\_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude\\_2dir%3DS%3Bin\\_region%3Dpart;place\\_id=103604](https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=place_name%3DSugarloaf%2520%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=103604)\n\n[\\[xii\\]](#_ednref12) “Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group,” New South Wales State Heritage Register, accessed October 2020, [https://apps.environment.nsw.gov.au/dpcheritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5053296](https://apps.environment.nsw.gov.au/dpcheritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5053296)\n\n[\\[xiii\\]](#_ednref13) Garry Searle, First Order: Australia’s Highway of Lighthouses, (SA: Seaside Lights, 2013), 34.\n\n[\\[xiv\\]](#_ednref14) Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan: Supplementary Information for Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse (National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2004), 6.\n\n[\\[xv\\]](#_ednref15) Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 6.\n\n[\\[xvi\\]](#_ednref16) Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 6.\n\n[\\[xvii\\]](#_ednref17) It is understood that the survivors of the Mary-Ann shipwreck found the bodies of those killed in the Sally shipwreck. Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 6.\n\n[\\[xviii\\]](#_ednref18) Searle, First Order¸ 161.\n\n[\\[xix\\]](#_ednref19) Searle, First Order, 161.\n\n[\\[xx\\]](#_ednref20) Searle, First Order¸ 161.\n\n[\\[xxi\\]](#_ednref21) Clive Lucas, Stapleton and Partners, Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Conservation Management Plan, 54.\n\n[\\[xxii\\]](#_ednref22) Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 7; Clive Lucas, Stapleton and Partners, Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Conservation Management Plan, 54; Searle, First Order¸ 162.\n\n[\\[xxiii\\]](#_ednref23) Clive Lucas, Stapleton and Partners, Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Conservation Management Plan, 54.\n\n[\\[xxiv\\]](#_ednref24) Clive Lucas, Stapleton and Partners, Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Conservation Management Plan, 55.\n\n[\\[xxv\\]](#_ednref25) Clive Lucas, Stapleton and Partners, Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Conservation Management Plan, 55.\n\n[\\[xxvi\\]](#_ednref26) Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 6.\n\n[\\[xxvii\\]](#_ednref27) Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 7; Clive Lucas, Stapleton and Partners, Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Conservation Management Plan, 55-56.\n\n[\\[xxviii\\]](#_ednref28) Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 8.\n\n[\\[xxix\\]](#_ednref29) The camp and its buildings were removed by 1876. Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 8.\n\n[\\[xxx\\]](#_ednref30) Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 8.\n\n[\\[xxxi\\]](#_ednref31) Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 8.\n\n[\\[xxxii\\]](#_ednref32) Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 8.\n\n[\\[xxxiii\\]](#_ednref33) Kijas Histories, Life under the light: Lighthouse families of New South Wales (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service), 13, [https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Heritage/life-under-light-lighthouse-families-new-south-wales-110283.pdf](https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Heritage/life-under-light-lighthouse-families-new-south-wales-110283.pdf)\n\n[\\[xxxiv\\]](#_ednref34) Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 6.\n\n[\\[xxxv\\]](#_ednref35) Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 6-7.\n\n[\\[xxxvi\\]](#_ednref36) “The wreck of the Catterthun,” Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser, August 14, 1895, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/146901459](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/146901459)\n\n[\\[xxxvii\\]](#_ednref37) “Seal Rocks Lighthouse: Gutted by fire,” Evening News (Sydney), July 11, 1900, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/112585278](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/112585278)\n\n[\\[xxxviii\\]](#_ednref38) C.R.W. Brewis, Lighting of the East Coast of Australia: Cape Moreton to Gabo Island, Including coast of New South Wales (Victoria: Acting Government Printer, 1913), 52.\n\n[\\[xxxix\\]](#_ednref39) Graham Brooks and Associates, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan¸ 9.\n\n[\\[xl\\]](#_ednref40) AMSA, AMSA Heritage strategy, (2022), [https://www.amsa.gov.au/amsa-heritage-strategy-2022-2025](https://www.amsa.gov.au/amsa-heritage-strategy-2022-2025)\n\n[\\[xli\\]](#_ednref41) AMSA, Annual Report 2021-22, [https://www.amsa.gov.au/about/corporate-publications/annual-report-2021-22](https://www.amsa.gov.au/about/corporate-publications/annual-report-2021-22)\n\n[\\[xlii\\]](#_ednref42) Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Working Together Managing Commonwealth Heritage Places: a guide for Commonwealth agencies, (2019).\n\n[\\[xliii\\]](#_ednref43) Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, The Interim Engaging with First Nations People and Communities on Assessments and Approvals under Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (interim guidance), (2023).\n\n[\\[xliv\\]](#_ednref44) Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, The Interim Engaging with First Nations People and Communities on Assessments and Approvals under Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (interim guidance).\n\nReference List\n\nAustralia ICOMOS. The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance. Australia ICOMOS, 2013.\n\nAustralian Heritage Database, “Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse, Seal Rocks Rd, Seal Rocks, NSW, Australia.” Accessed October 2020. [https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place\\_detail;search=state%3DNSW%3Blist\\_code%3DCHL%3Blegal\\_status%3D35%3Bkeyword\\_PD%3D0%3Bkeyword\\_SS%3D0%3Bkeyword\\_PH%3D0;place\\_id=105602](https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=state%3DNSW%3Blist_code%3DCHL%3Blegal_status%3D35%3Bkeyword_PD%3D0%3Bkeyword_SS%3D0%3Bkeyword_PH%3D0;place_id=105602)\n\nAustralian Heritage Database, “Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse (Commonwealth), Seal Rocks Rd, Seal Rocks, NSW, Australia. Accessed October 2020. [https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place\\_detail;search=place\\_name%3DSugarloaf%2520%3Bkeyword\\_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_PH%3Don%3Blatitude\\_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude\\_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude\\_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude\\_2dir%3DS%3Bin\\_region%3Dpart;place\\_id=103604](https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=place_name%3DSugarloaf%2520%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=103604)\n\nAustralian Maritime Safety Authority. AMSA Heritage Strategy. Australian Maritime Safety Authority, 2018, [https://www.amsa.gov.au/files/amsa-heritage-strategy-2018pdf](https://www.amsa.gov.au/files/amsa-heritage-strategy-2018pdf)\n\nAustralian Maritime Safety Authority. “AMSA Interactive heritage lighthouse map.” Accessed May 2020. [https://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?\\_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-1996646104.1535497123](https://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-1996646104.1535497123)\n\nAustralian Maritime Safety Authority. Annual Report 2017-18. Australian Maritime Safety Authority, 2018. [https://www.amsa.gov.au/about/corporate-publications/annual-report-2017-18](https://www.amsa.gov.au/about/corporate-publications/annual-report-2017-18)\n\nAustralian Maritime Systems Group. Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse: Heritage Asset Condition Report, 3rd Revision. Australian Maritime Systems Group, 2019.\n\nBrewis, C.R.W. Lighting of the east coast of Australia: Cape Moreton to Gabo Island including coast of New South Wales. Victoria: Acting Government Printer, 1913.\n\nClive Lucas, Stapleton and Partners. Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Conservation Management Plan. Canberra: Australian Maritime Safety Authority, 1995.\n\nDepartment of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. The Interim Engaging with First Nations People and Communities on Assessments and Approvals under Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (interim guidance). Commonwealth of Australia, 2023.\n\nDepartment of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. Working Together Managing Commonwealth Heritage Places: a guide for Commonwealth agencies. Commonwealth of Australia, 2019.\n\nEvening News (Sydney). “Seal Rocks Lighthouse: Gutted by fire.” July 11, 1900. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/112585278](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/112585278)\n\nGraham Brooks and Associates. NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan: Supplementary Information for Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse. New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2004. [https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Conservation-management-plans/sugarloaf-point-lighthouse-myall-lakes-conservation-management-plan-000168.pdf](https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Conservation-management-plans/sugarloaf-point-lighthouse-myall-lakes-conservation-management-plan-000168.pdf)\n\nGraham Brooks and Associates. NPWS Lighthouses: Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan. New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2001. [https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Conservation-management-plans/lighthouses-conservation-management-cultural-tourism-plan.pdf](https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Conservation-management-plans/lighthouses-conservation-management-cultural-tourism-plan.pdf)\n\nHistories, Kijas. Life under the light: Lighthouse families of New South Wales. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service. [https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Heritage/life-under-light-lighthouse-families-new-south-wales-110283.pdf](https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Heritage/life-under-light-lighthouse-families-new-south-wales-110283.pdf)\n\nMarquis-Kyle, Peter. Heritage Lighthouse Report: Sugarloaf Point. Australian Maritime Systems Group, 2007.\n\nMaryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser. “The wreck of the Catterthun.” August 14, 1895. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/146901459](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/146901459)\n\nNational Archives of Australia: Australian Maritime Safety Authority; A9568, Drawings and Plans of Lighthouses and of associated buildings and equipment, 1833-1968; 1/16/6, Seal Rock Point: Grand Plan of Cottages, 1876-1876.\n\nNational Archives of Australia: Australian Maritime Safety Authority; A9568, Drawings and Plans of Lighthouses and of associated buildings and equipment, 1833-1968; 1/16/11, Seal Rock Point Lighthouse \\[Water Colour\\] \\[Stamped: Public Works, NSW, Colonial Architect\\] \\[Signed Peter Macleod\\], 1873-1873.\n\nNew South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. Myall Lakes National Park: Little Broughton Island and Stormpetrel Nature Reserves Plan of Management. 2002. [https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Parks-plans-of-management/myall-lakes-national-park-plan-of-management-021001.pdf](https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Parks-plans-of-management/myall-lakes-national-park-plan-of-management-021001.pdf)\n\nNew South Wales State Heritage Register, “Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Group.” Accessed October 2020. [https://apps.environment.nsw.gov.au/dpcheritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5053296](https://apps.environment.nsw.gov.au/dpcheritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5053296)\n\nSearle, Garry. First Order: Australia’s Highway of Lighthouses. SA: Seaside Lights, 2013.\n\nSuters Architects. Sugarloaf Point Lightstation Conservation Management Plan. Department of Land and Water Conservation, 1999.\n\nTomlinson, Charles. Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts, mechanical and chemical, manufactures, mining and engineering, Vol II. London & New York: ca. 1866.","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This HMP implements statutory obligations under s341S of the EPBC Act and the EPBC Regulations (Schedules 7A and 7B). It stays within that statutory remit: recording significance, prescribing conservation policies, setting monitoring and reporting cycles, and defining decision processes for works and consultation. The document does not expand AMSA’s legal powers or the physical scope of the Commonwealth listing; it clarifies operational detail (maintenance schedules, sensitivity classifications) and records outstanding consultation, but it does not materially broaden the plan beyond the original statutory purpose."},"complexity_factors":["Lengthy, multi-part document (9 main parts plus 5 appendices) with detailed fabric register and photographs","Extensive acronyms and technical terms (Acronym list + two glossaries) increasing interpretive load","Detailed sensitivity matrix in Section 6.2: multiple fabric components (~30) each with high/medium/low sensitivity and conditional permitted actions","Multiple governance layers and cross-references (EPBC Act S.341S, EPBC Regulations Schedules 7A/7B, Navigation Act, NSW NPWS lease and state heritage laws)","Implementation timetable with multi-frequency monitoring (annual contractor visits; biennial Heritage Asset Condition Reports; 5‑year plan review; ad hoc Minister/Heritage Branch referrals)","Several conditional decision paths (e.g., Heritage Impact Statement required for major works; stop-work and buffer protocols for Aboriginal finds)","Operational constraints tied to technical standards (IALA Availability Category 1 target 99.8%) linking heritage rules to performance requirements","Multiple stakeholders and consultation obligations (AMSA internal units, contractors, NSW NPWS, Traditional Stakeholders, Minister/Heritage Branch)","Detailed artefact register and museum/collection management items (identifiers, MAXIMO IDs) creating archival and cataloguing obligations"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this instrument does (mechanics)**\n\n- This is a Heritage Management Plan (HMP) prepared and adopted by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) for Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse under section 341S of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). (See: Intro, s1.1–1.4.)\n- It records the place, its Commonwealth and State heritage values, and a detailed fabric register describing the tower, lantern, lens, walkways, external stairs, associated buildings and artefacts (Sections 2–5, Section 4 Fabric).\n- The Plan sets out policies and procedures for how AMSA will manage, conserve and use the lighthouse and immediate leased land. That includes: routine maintenance, conditions under which changes or repairs may occur, decision processes for major works, monitoring schedules, reporting obligations, and arrangements for consultation and approvals (Sections 6–8; Policies 1–19; Implementation Plan and Monitoring).\n- The Plan links operational requirements (keeping the light functioning to IALA Category 1 standards) with heritage constraints: AMSA must run the lighthouse as an Aid to Navigation (AtoN) while minimising damage to fabric and seeking heritage approvals where necessary (Sections 6.4, 6.5, Policy 2).\n- It specifies governance: AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness and the AtoN Heritage Coordinator are responsible for implementation; maintenance is carried out by AMSA contractors under AMSA supervision; some activities require notification to or approval from Commonwealth or NSW heritage authorities and liaison with the NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service (NSW NPWS) because the tower sits on NPWS land and is leased to AMSA (Sections 2.3, 6.7, Policy 5).\n\n**Who it affects**\n\n- Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA): primary duty-holder, budget holder and decision-maker for AtoN operations and heritage compliance (s1.1, Policies 1,5–7).\n- AMSA contractors and service providers: required to follow the Plan’s maintenance schedules, reporting and heritage-protection measures (Policies 1, 10; Implementation Plan – annual contractor visits).\n- New South Wales National Parks & Wildlife Service (NSW NPWS): lessor and consultation partner; state heritage obligations also apply (s2.3; Policy 5).\n- Traditional Stakeholders / First Nations groups: the Plan requires consultation and puts in place a protocol for any Aboriginal heritage finds, but notes further engagement is outstanding (s1.3, Policy 12, 17).\n- Local community, tour operators and visitors: access control, interpretation and possible tour arrangements are managed under the Plan; interior access is restricted to authorised personnel unless events are approved (s2.4; Policy 3, 4).\n- The Minister / Department for Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: receives reports and must approve actions likely to have significant impact on Commonwealth heritage (s6.1, s1.3).\n\n**Why it matters (purpose claims and operational testing)**\n\n- The Plan’s stated purpose is to identify, protect and conserve the lighthouse’s Commonwealth heritage values while allowing the lighthouse to continue to operate as a safety-critical beacon for navigation (s1.1–1.2; s6.4). That is an explicit trade-off: keep the light working to international reliability standards (IALA Cat 1) while minimising intrusions to original 1875 fabric (s6.4; Fabric register; sensitivity table).\n\n- Costs and who pays. AMSA funds maintenance and compliance. Routine works (annual servicing, biennial Heritage Asset Condition Reports, 5‑year reviews) are budgeted through AMSA’s asset management cycle; major works requiring heritage approvals will raise project and approval costs and may require external heritage consultants (Policy 1, 8, 11; Implementation Plan). Contractors absorb compliance tasks in their delivery contracts.\n\n- Incentives and trade-offs. The Plan prioritises navigational reliability (s6.4, Operational Requirements) and preservation of original fabric (Policy 1, 6). Where these priorities conflict (e.g., new equipment that might alter lantern fabric), the Plan requires a Heritage Impact Statement and heritage approvals before proceeding (s6.7, Processes for decision‑making). That creates an administrative path but also potential delay to technical upgrades.\n\n- Compliance burden and implementation risk. The Plan imposes multi‑layered compliance: AMSA internal approvals, heritage approvals under the EPBC Regulations (Schedules 7A/7B), and NSW requirements because the land is NPWS managed (s2.3, s6.3, Appendix 3). The Plan relies on periodic reporting cycles (annual maintenance, biennial condition reports, five‑year reviews). Risks include incomplete Traditional Stakeholder consultation (the Plan notes engagement is outstanding) and delays from multi‑agency approvals (s1.3; Policy 17).\n\n- Effects on private choice and business. The Plan limits private uses of the site: public interior access is restricted and AMSA’s maintenance and safety duties take priority over tourism (Policy 3). Commercial operators wishing to run tours or make changes will face permitting, access control and heritage approval requirements (s2.4; Policy 3, Policy 5). Contractors who service the AtoN must meet heritage-aware specifications (Policy 10, Implementation Plan).\n\n- Concrete substitution and preservation rules. The Plan classifies elements by sensitivity (high/medium/low) and explicitly discourages removal of high‑sensitivity items (e.g., original 1875 Chance Bros lens assembly, external stairs, pedestal) unless unavoidable; lesser changes (LED array replacement, routine repainting) are permitted with documentation (Fabric Register; sensitivity table in s6.2; Policy 1, 2). This steers technical change to minimally invasive options.\n\n- Opportunity costs and allocation of resources. Preserving original fabric constrains the set of cheapest or fastest technical solutions that might alter historic features. AMSA must budget staff time, consultant fees and approval lead times—resources that could otherwise be used elsewhere in the AtoN network.\n\n- Concentrated benefits vs diffuse costs. Heritage value and community benefit from preservation are concentrated among heritage communities, local tourism interests and experts; ongoing maintenance costs and operational constraints are borne by AMSA (a Commonwealth agency) and contractors (s5, s6, Implementation Plan).\n\n**What decisions the Plan makes or requires practically**\n\n- Routine maintenance schedule (annual servicing) and monitoring (biennial condition reports; 5‑year plan review) (Implementation Plan, s8.2).\n- Requirement for Heritage Impact Statements before major works, and consultation with NSW NPWS and Commonwealth heritage authorities for projects with potential to affect Commonwealth heritage values (s6.7; Processes for decision‑making; Policy 5).\n- Access control and visitor management: interior access restricted to authorised personnel; tours subordinate to maintenance needs (s2.4; Policy 3).\n- A requirement to avoid removal of high‑value fabric (e.g., Chance Bros lens) and to use the Burra Charter guidance and external heritage expertise where required (Policy 6, 11).\n\n**Short note on legal effect**\n\nThis HMP is an AMSA instrument made under s341S EPBC Act to satisfy the management‑plan requirements in the EPBC Regulations (Schedules 7A and 7B). It functions as AMSA’s internal and public record of how it will meet statutory obligations for that Commonwealth Heritage place; actions inconsistent with the Plan may still require separate statutory approvals under the EPBC Act and state law (s1.1; s6.3; Appendix 3)."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":696},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The plan remains focused on its original purpose: managing the heritage values of Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse as a working navigational aid. While it addresses surrounding land context and Aboriginal heritage values, this is necessary for proper environmental management and does not represent scope creep. The plan appropriately limits its direct management to AMSA's leased area (the lighthouse tower and signal hut) while acknowledging broader context."},"complexity_factors":["Detailed fabric register with 20+ individual structural elements, each assessed for condition, significance, integrity and maintenance requirements","Multiple overlapping statutory frameworks: EPBC Act (Commonwealth), NSW Heritage Act, Navigation Act, Work Health and Safety Act","19 separate conservation policies with implementation strategies, timeframes and assigned responsibilities","Sensitivity-to-change matrix categorising every fabric element as high/moderate/low sensitivity with specific prohibited and permitted alterations","Dual heritage listings (Commonwealth Heritage List and NSW State Heritage Register) with different criteria and assessment processes","Requirement for ongoing consultation with multiple stakeholders: NSW NPWS, Traditional Stakeholders, Seal Rocks Protection Society, and the general public","Technical lighthouse terminology requiring two separate glossaries (heritage conservation terms and historic lighthouse terms)","Biennial heritage monitoring reports and five-yearly plan reviews with specific reporting obligations to multiple government agencies"],"plain_english_summary":"AMSA’s Heritage Management Plan for Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse sets out how the site will be conserved and managed while remaining an operational navigational aid, establishing policies on conservation, maintenance, access, consultation and emergencies and a fabric register that rates every physical element’s heritage significance.\n\nIt guides AMSA staff and contractors, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Worimi Traditional Owners and the local community; the lighthouse is nationally significant for its rare external staircase, original 1875 lens and James Barnet design."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/sugarloaf-point-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023","history":"/api/acts/sugarloaf-point-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/history","analysis":"/api/acts/sugarloaf-point-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/sugarloaf-point-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/sugarloaf-point-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/sugarloaf-point-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/documents"}}