{"id":"nsw:epi-2021-0723","name":"State Environmental Planning Policy (Industry and Employment) 2021","slug":"state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"nsw","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"723 of 2021","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":181139,"registerId":"nsw-nsw:epi-2021-0723-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-05","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Name of Policy","content":"#### 1 Name of Policy\n\n1.1 Name of Policy\n\n> This Policy is [State Environmental Planning Policy (Industry and Employment) 2021](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2021-0723).","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Part 2 Preliminary\n\nPart 2.1 Preliminary","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Aims of Chapter","content":"#### 2 Aims of Chapter\n\n2.1 Aims of Chapter\n\n> > (1) This Chapter aims to protect and enhance the land to which this Chapter applies (the Western Sydney Employment Area) for employment purposes.\n> \n> > (2) The particular aims of this Chapter are as follows—\n> > \n> > > (a) to promote economic development and the creation of employment in the Western Sydney Employment Area by providing for development including major warehousing, distribution, freight transport, industrial, high technology and research facilities,\n> > \n> > > (b) to provide for the co-ordinated planning and development of land in the Western Sydney Employment Area,\n> > \n> > > (c) to rezone land for employment, environmental conservation or recreation purposes,\n> > \n> > > (d) to improve certainty and regulatory efficiency by providing a consistent planning regime for future development and infrastructure provision in the Western Sydney Employment Area,\n> > \n> > > (e) to ensure that development occurs in a logical, environmentally sensitive and cost-effective manner and only after a development control plan (including specific development controls) has been prepared for the land concerned,\n> > \n> > > (f) to conserve and rehabilitate areas that have a high biodiversity or heritage or cultural value, in particular areas of remnant vegetation.","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"Part 3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Part 3 Preliminary\n\nPart 3.1 Preliminary","sortOrder":79},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Aims, objectives etc","content":"#### 3 Aims, objectives etc\n\n3.1 Aims, objectives etc\n\n> > (1) This Chapter aims—\n> > \n> > > (a) to ensure that signage (including advertising)—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) is compatible with the desired amenity and visual character of an area, and\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) provides effective communication in suitable locations, and\n> > > \n> > > > (iii) is of high quality design and finish, and\n> > \n> > > (b) to regulate signage (but not content) under Part 4 of the Act, and\n> > \n> > > (c) to provide time-limited consents for the display of certain advertisements, and\n> > \n> > > (d) to regulate the display of advertisements in transport corridors, and\n> > \n> > > (e) to ensure that public benefits may be derived from advertising in and adjacent to transport corridors.\n> \n> > (2) This Chapter does not regulate the content of signage and does not require consent for a change in the content of signage.","sortOrder":80},{"sectionNumber":"Division 1","sectionType":"division","heading":"General","content":"## Division 1 General\n\nDivision 1 General","sortOrder":88},{"sectionNumber":"Division 2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Control of advertisements","content":"## Division 2 Control of advertisements\n\nDivision 2 Control of advertisements","sortOrder":91},{"sectionNumber":"Division 3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Particular advertisements","content":"## Division 3 Particular advertisements\n\nDivision 3 Particular advertisements","sortOrder":96},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 1","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Additional permitted uses","content":"# Schedule 1 Additional permitted uses\n\nSchedule 1 Additional permitted uses\n\nsection 2.11","sortOrder":118},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 2","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Requirements relating to preparation and content of development control plans","content":"# Schedule 2 Requirements relating to preparation and content of development control plans\n\nSchedule 2 Requirements relating to preparation and content of development control plans\n\nsection 2.17(2)\n\n**sch 2:** Am 2023 (609), Sch 2.19\\[2\\] \\[3\\].","sortOrder":122},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Biodiversity","content":"#### 4 Biodiversity\n\n4 Biodiversity\n\n> > (1) In making provision for or with respect to biodiversity, a development control plan must address the following—\n> > \n> > > (a) the existing natural environment, including any remnant vegetation, threatened species, endangered ecological communities, critical habitat, wildlife corridors and riparian areas,\n> > \n> > > (b) opportunities to offset the impact of any clearing of native vegetation,\n> > \n> > > (c) species or kinds of trees or other vegetation to which section 2.31 applies.\n> \n> > (2) Where appropriate, the development control plan must provide for the preparation of management plans for the rehabilitation of any communities of flora and fauna so that ecosystem diversity is maintained.","sortOrder":126},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Flooding","content":"#### 5 Flooding\n\n5 Flooding\n\n> > (1) In making provision for or with respect to flooding, a development control plan must provide a comprehensive flood analysis that (without limitation) addresses or includes the following—\n> > \n> > > (a) the impact of flooding on proposed development, including an estimation of the extent of flood prone land, high hazard areas and floodways, the implications of the full range of floods and the safety of people using or within the site,\n> > \n> > > (b) the impact of proposed development on flood behaviour on and off the site (including existing and planned development in the wider area),\n> > \n> > > (c) the flood hazard in the area (including hydraulic hazard, flood warning time, rate of rise of floodwater and duration of floods) and access and evacuation issues,\n> > \n> > > (d) viable strategies to manage any adverse impact of proposed development on flood behaviour.\n> \n> > (2) In relation to flooding, the development control plan should be consistent with the provisions of the Flood Risk Management Manual and any relevant local and regional policies.\n> \n> > (3) In this section—\n> > \n> > Flood Risk Management Manual means the Flood Risk Management Manual, ISBN 978-1-923076-17-4, published by the NSW Government in June 2023.","sortOrder":127},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Urban design and landscaping","content":"#### 6 Urban design and landscaping\n\n6 Urban design and landscaping\n\n> In making provision for or with respect to urban design and landscaping, a development control plan must—\n> \n> > (a) include urban design principles drawn from an analysis of the site and its context, and\n> \n> > (b) develop urban design parameters to guide subsequent development with measures, including setbacks, building materials and colours, to minimise the visual impact of development, particularly if it is highly visible from major roads and the M7 and M4 Motorways,\n> \n> > (c) identify areas of high visibility and consider options such as vegetation screens or landmark buildings of outstanding design.","sortOrder":128},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Subdivision layout","content":"#### 7 Subdivision layout\n\n7 Subdivision layout\n\n> In making provision for or with respect to subdivision layout, a development control plan must—\n> \n> > (a) demonstrate that the subdivision layout is appropriate by achieving high degrees of access for all forms of transport (including access for pedestrians), and\n> \n> > (b) detail the subdivision layout, including lot size and mix and the location of open space and the road network, and\n> \n> > (c) provide for a detailed contour plan that identifies the finished contour levels of the site with details provided on the earthworks required to achieve the finished contours.","sortOrder":129},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Heritage conservation","content":"#### 8 Heritage conservation\n\n8 Heritage conservation\n\n> In making provision for or with respect to heritage conservation, a development control plan must address—\n> \n> > (a) the impact of proposed development on indigenous and non-indigenous heritage values, and\n> \n> > (b) opportunities to offset impacts on areas of heritage significance.","sortOrder":130},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 3","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Environmental heritage","content":"# Schedule 3 Environmental heritage\n\nSchedule 3 Environmental heritage\n\nsection 2.42","sortOrder":131},{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Heritage items","content":"# Part 1 Heritage items\n\nPart 1 Heritage items\n\n| Suburb | Item name | Address | Property description | Significance | Item no |\n| Eastern Creek | Southridge | 1 Southridge Road | Lot 1551, DP 1180982 | Local | I1 |\n| Kemps Creek | Brick farmhouse | 282 Aldington Road | Lot 142, DP 1033686 | Local | I4 |\n| Kemps Creek | Gateposts to Colesbrook | 269–285 Mamre Road | Lot 8, DP 253503 | Local | I3 |\n| Kemps Creek | “Bayley Park”, house | 919–929 Mamre Road | Lot 35, DP 258414 | Local | I2 |\n| Prospect | Great Western Highway (former alignment) | Reservoir Road/Tarlington Place/Yallock Place/Honeman Close |  | State | I60 |","sortOrder":132},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 4","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Dictionary for Chapter 2","content":"# Schedule 4 Dictionary for Chapter 2\n\nSchedule 4 Dictionary for Chapter 2\n\nsection 2.3(1)\n\nAdditional Permitted Uses Map means the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Western Sydney Employment Area) 2009—Additional Permitted Uses Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021).\n\nAirport means the Western Sydney International (Nancy-Bird) Walton Airport.\n\nbiodiversity means biological diversity.\n\nbiological diversity has the same meaning as in the [Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995](/view/html/repealed/current/act-1995-101).\n\nNote.\n\nThe term is defined as follows—\n\nbiological diversity means the diversity of life and is made up of the following 3 components—\n\n> (a) genetic diversity—the variety of genes (or units of heredity) in any population,\n\n> (b) species diversity—the variety of species,\n\n> (c) ecosystem diversity—the variety of communities or ecosystems.\n\nbuilding has the same meaning as in the Act.\n\nNote.\n\nThe term is defined to include part of a building and any structure or part of a structure, but not including a manufactured home, a moveable dwelling or associated structure (or part of a manufactured home, moveable dwelling or associated structure) or a temporary structure within the meaning of the [Local Government Act 1993](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1993-030).\n\ncentre-based child care facility has the same meaning as in the standard instrument for a local environmental plan prescribed by the [Standard Instrument (Local Environmental Plans) Order 2006](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2006-0155).\n\ndepot means a building or place used for the storage (but not sale or hire) of plant, machinery or other goods (which support the operations of an existing undertaking) when not required for use.\n\nenvironmental facility means a building or place that provides for the recreational use or scientific study of natural systems, and includes walking tracks, seating, shelters, board walks, observation decks, bird hides or the like, and associated display structures.\n\nenvironmental protection works means works associated with the rehabilitation of land towards its natural state or any work to protect land from environmental degradation, and includes bush regeneration works, wetland protection works, erosion protection works, dune restoration works and the like.\n\nestimated development cost has the same meaning as in the [Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2021](/view/html/inforce/current/sl-2021-0759).\n\nextractive industry means the winning or removal of extractive materials (otherwise than from a mine) by methods such as excavating, dredging, tunnelling or quarrying, including the storing, stockpiling or processing of extractive materials by methods such as recycling, washing, crushing, sawing or separating, but does not include turf farming.\n\nextractive material means sand, soil, gravel, rock or similar substances that are not minerals within the meaning of the [Mining Act 1992](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1992-029).\n\nflood mitigation work means work designed and constructed for the express purpose of mitigating flood impacts. It involves changing the characteristics of flood behaviour to alter the level, location, volume, speed or timing of flood waters to mitigate flood impacts. Types of works may include excavation, construction or enlargement of any fill, wall, or levee that will alter riverine flood behaviour, local overland flooding, or tidal action so as to mitigate flood impacts.\n\nflood prone land means land impacted up to the level of the probable maximum flood and identified in a map adopted by the relevant council or published by the Government.\n\nfreight transport facility means a facility used principally for the bulk handling of goods for transport by road, rail, air or sea, including any facility for the loading and unloading of vehicles, aircraft, vessels or containers used to transport those goods and for the parking, holding, servicing or repair of those vehicles, aircraft or vessels or for the engines or carriages involved.\n\ngeneral solid waste (non-putrescible) has the same meaning as in clause 49 of Schedule 1 to the [Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1997-156).\n\nground level (existing) means the existing level of a site at any point.\n\nheritage conservation area means an area of land of heritage significance—\n\n> (a) shown on the [Heritage Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021) as a heritage conservation area, and\n\n> (b) the location and nature of which is described in Schedule 5,\n\nand includes heritage items situated on or within that area.\n\nheritage item means a building, work, place, relic, tree, object or archaeological site the location and nature of which is described in Schedule 5.\n\nHeritage Map means the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Western Sydney Employment Area) 2009—Heritage Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021).\n\nindustrial training facility has the same meaning as it has in the standard instrument prescribed under section 3.20(1) of the Act.\n\nLand Application Map means the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Western Sydney Employment Area) 2009—Land Application Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021).\n\nLand Reservation Acquisition Map means the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Western Sydney Employment Area) 2009—Land Reservation Acquisition Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021).\n\nLand Zoning Map means the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Western Sydney Employment Area) 2009—Land Zoning Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021).\n\nmine means any place (including any excavation) where an operation is carried on for mining of any mineral by any method and any place on which any mining related work is carried out, but does not include a place used only for extractive industry.\n\nmining means mining carried out under the [Mining Act 1992](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1992-029) or the recovery of minerals under the [Offshore Minerals Act 1999](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1999-042), and includes—\n\n> (a) the construction, operation and decommissioning of associated works, and\n\n> (b) the rehabilitation of land affected by mining.\n\nneighbourhood shop means retail premises used for the purposes of selling small daily convenience goods such as foodstuffs, personal care products, newspapers and the like to provide for the day-to-day needs of people who live or work in the local area, and may include ancillary services such as a post office, bank or dry cleaning, but does not include restricted premises.\n\nNote.\n\nSee section 2.29 for controls relating to the retail floor area.\n\nprecinct means a precinct shown on the [Land Application Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021).\n\nrestaurant means a building or place the principal purpose of which is the provision of food or beverages to people for consumption on the premises, whether or not takeaway meals and beverages or entertainment are also provided.\n\nretail premises means a building or place used for the purpose of selling items by retail, or for hiring or displaying items for the purpose of selling them by retail or hiring them out, whether the items are goods or materials (or whether also sold by wholesale).\n\nschool means a government school or non-government school within the meaning of the [Education Act 1990](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1990-008).\n\nservice station means a building or place used for the sale by retail of fuels and lubricants for motor vehicles, whether or not the building or place is also used for any one or more of the following—\n\n> (a) the ancillary sale by retail of spare parts and accessories for motor vehicles,\n\n> (b) the cleaning of motor vehicles,\n\n> (c) installation of accessories,\n\n> (d) inspecting, repairing and servicing of motor vehicles (other than body building, panel beating, spray painting, or chassis restoration),\n\n> (e) the ancillary retail selling or hiring of general merchandise or services or both.\n\nthe Act means the [Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1979-203).\n\nTransport and Arterial Road Infrastructure Plan Map means the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Western Sydney Employment Area) 2009—Transport and Arterial Road Infrastructure Plan Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021).\n\ntruck depot means a building or place used for the servicing and parking of trucks, earthmoving machinery and the like.\n\n**sch 4:** Am 2023 (523), Sch 2.1\\[3\\]; 2023 (554), Sch 2.32\\[3\\].","sortOrder":133},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 5","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Assessment criteria","content":"# Schedule 5 Assessment criteria\n\nSchedule 5 Assessment criteria\n\nsections 3.6, 3.11 and 3.15","sortOrder":134},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 6","sectionType":"schedule","heading":null,"content":"# Schedule 6\n\nSchedule 6 (Repealed)\n\n**sch 6:** Rep 2022 (723), Sch 6.","sortOrder":143}],"analysis":{"summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"Based on the amendment history (11+ versions in under 4 years), the scope has very likely expanded or shifted from its original intent. Frequent amendments to SEPPs of this type typically reflect additions of new permitted land uses (such as data centres or emerging logistics facilities), adjustments to approval thresholds, and responses to economic or policy pressures — indicating the policy's coverage has evolved beyond its original December 2021 form."},"complexity_factors":["State Environmental Planning Policies (SEPPs) override local council planning instruments, creating a layered legal hierarchy that requires understanding of multiple levels of planning law","Frequent amendments (at least 11 versions since December 2021) mean the applicable rules at any given time depend on which version was in force — creating significant historical complexity","The policy consolidates multiple predecessor instruments, requiring knowledge of what came before to understand transitional provisions","Industry and employment land use categories involve highly technical definitions (e.g., distinguishing between types of industrial uses, employment zones, exempt and complying development)","Interaction with the broader Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 framework adds procedural complexity","Only metadata was provided — the full operative provisions of the policy were not available for analysis, limiting certainty","NSW planning law generally is technically complex, with multiple consent pathways, concurrence requirements, and ministerial directions potentially applicable"],"plain_english_summary":"This NSW statewide planning policy sets the rules for where and how industrial and employment-generating uses — factories, warehouses, logistics hubs, data centres and the like — can be developed, potentially overriding local council planning controls. It affects developers and businesses, local councils, nearby communities and workers by shaping what can be built, where approvals may be fast-tracked, and how industrial land is protected.\n\nUpdated frequently since 2021, it consolidates scattered rules to reflect NSW priorities on jobs and economic development."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":8,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Policy’s scope has been altered since earlier instruments: the text records multiple amendments and repeals that modify controls, precinct rules and advertisement provisions (for example, amendment notes in s 1.3; s 2.26 Am 2023; s 2.28 repealed 2023; s 3.8 amended 2025). It consolidates and replaces prior SEPP provisions for the Western Sydney Employment Area (see notes in s 2.18) and adds or shifts inter-agency concurrence, mapping-based exclusions and specific precinct permissions, meaning the present scope differs from the earlier framework."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive cross-references to other instruments and Acts (Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, Interpretation Act 1987, Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016, Roads Act 1993, etc.) increasing legal interdependence (see s 1.3 note; s 1.4).","Multiple mapping layers and precincts that control scope and permitted uses (Land Application Map, Land Zoning Map, Heritage Map, Transport and Arterial Road Infrastructure Plan Map) requiring spatial analysis (see s 2.2; s 2.9; s 2.5).","Differing consent authorities and inter-agency concurrence requirements (local council as default, plus Transport for NSW and Minister in specified cases) which add procedural steps and potential delays (see s 2.4; s 3.10; s 2.34–2.35; s 3.16).","Mandatory development control plans for most land in the precinct and detailed DCP content requirements that shift preparatory costs to proponents and councils (60% owner initiation option) (see s 2.17(1)‑(3); Schedule 2).","Layered exceptions and exemptions (exceptions to development standards, exempt development, saved precinct plans) creating detailed eligibility and documentation requirements (see s 2.26; s 2.18; s 2.45).","Numerous technical constraints (biodiversity, heritage, flood, earthworks, water recycling, airspace and aircraft noise standards) that trigger specialist studies and mitigation obligations (see s 2.19; s 2.42; s 2.41; s 2.40; s 2.39; s 2.36–2.38).","Highly prescriptive signage regime layered on top of zoning controls: size thresholds, proximity rules to classified roads, time-limited consents, design guidance and assessment criteria require bespoke assessments (see Part 3, especially ss 3.15–3.19; Schedule 5).","Temporal complexity from multiple amendments and repeals referenced in the text (sections noting amendments/repeals), necessitating attention to version history when applying rules (see amendment notes in s 1.3; s 2.26; s 2.28; s 2.45; s 3.8)."],"plain_english_summary":"This State Environmental Planning Policy sets the zoning, permitted and prohibited uses, development standards and detailed approval processes for the Western Sydney Employment Area, and establishes statewide rules for outdoor signage. It allocates decision‑making to local councils, Transport for NSW and the Minister, requires development control plans for most precincts, and imposes environmental, heritage, flood, transport and design controls that developers must meet. The Policy therefore changes the timing and costs of development (compliance, infrastructure and mitigation) and concentrates discretionary approval power with specified public authorities."},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"provider":"moonshot","completionTokens":2913},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"This legislation consolidated and expanded upon what were previously two separate State Environmental Planning Policies. It merged the former SEPP 59 (Western Sydney Employment Area) and SEPP 64 (Advertising and Signage) into a single instrument. Consequently, the scope grew from a geographically confined employment lands policy to a dual-purpose regime that also imposes statewide controls on signage and advertising, regardless of whether the land is in Western Sydney."},"complexity_factors":["Bifurcated structure combining geographically-specific land use planning (Western Sydney Employment Area) with statewide signage regulation under one instrument","Over 40 defined terms across two separate interpretation sections (Chapter 2 Dictionary and Chapter 3 definitions), many cross-referencing other Acts (EP&A Act, Biodiversity Conservation Act, etc.)","Extensive incorporation by reference of external maps (Land Zoning Map, Land Application Map, Transport and Arterial Road Infrastructure Plan Map, Heritage Map) that are not contained in the text","Complex conditional consent authority framework where the decision-maker changes based on location (council vs Minister for Planning vs Transport for NSW) and development type (general development vs signage vs transport infrastructure)","Nested exception logic, notably section 2.7 which suspends private covenants but then lists nine specific exceptions (biodiversity certifications, Crown land instruments, conservation agreements, etc.)","Savings and transitional provisions (section 2.45) containing multiple temporal cut-offs and conditional applications of amendments based on whether development applications were 'made but not finally determined' before specific dates","Zone-based permission tables requiring cross-referencing between Land Use Tables, Schedule 1 (Additional Permitted Uses), and specific development standards"],"plain_english_summary":"This **State Environmental Planning Policy** (a type of NSW planning law) does two very different jobs under one name.\n\n**First**, it acts as the main rulebook for developing the **Western Sydney Employment Area** (WSEA)—a major industrial precinct near the new Western Sydney Airport. It divides this land into zones (General Industrial, Light Industrial, Environmental Conservation, etc.) and specifies what can be built where. For most development in this area, you cannot even apply for consent until a **Development Control Plan** (a detailed local planning document) has been prepared. The policy imposes strict conditions: buildings must meet sustainability standards, respect aircraft noise contours, protect Aboriginal and European heritage sites, and avoid flooding risks. It also suspends most private restrictive covenants (legal agreements that might otherwise block development) to make employment land easier to use.\n\n**Second**, it regulates **signage and advertising across all of NSW**. It bans billboards and large advertisements in sensitive areas such as residential zones, national parks, and heritage conservation areas. For everywhere else, it sets size limits (generally 20–45 square metres), requires consent from different authorities depending on location (local councils, Transport for NSW, or the Planning Minister for transport corridors), and imposes specific design rules—for example, roof signs cannot protrude above the highest point of a building, and wall signs are limited to one per elevation.\n\n**Who it affects**: Property developers and businesses in Western Sydney’s industrial precincts; anyone wanting to erect signage statewide; local councils assessing development applications; and Transport for NSW, which has veto powers over development near major roads and railways.\n\n**Why it matters**: It attempts to balance economic growth (fast-tracking employment land while protecting it from residential encroachment) with environmental protection and visual amenity, while also creating a consistent statewide regime for outdoor advertising."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021","history":"/api/acts/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021/history","analysis":"/api/acts/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/state-environmental-planning-policy-industry-and-employment-2021/documents"}}