{"id":"nsw:epi-2021-0722","name":"State Environmental Planning Policy (Biodiversity and Conservation) 2021","slug":"state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"nsw","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"722 of 2021","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":181134,"registerId":"nsw-nsw:epi-2021-0722-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-05","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Name of Policy","content":"#### 1 Name of Policy\n\n1.1 Name of Policy\n\n> This Policy is [State Environmental Planning Policy (Biodiversity and Conservation) 2021](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2021-0722).","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Part 2 Preliminary\n\nPart 2.1 Preliminary","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Aims of Chapter","content":"#### 2 Aims of Chapter\n\n2.1 Aims of Chapter\n\n> The aims of this Chapter are—\n> \n> > (a) to protect the biodiversity values of trees and other vegetation in non-rural areas of the State, and\n> \n> > (b) to preserve the amenity of non-rural areas of the State through the preservation of trees and other vegetation.","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"Division 1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Preliminary","content":"## Division 1 Preliminary\n\nDivision 1 Preliminary","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"Division 2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Clearing in Zones R5, C2, C3 and C4","content":"## Division 2 Clearing in Zones R5, C2, C3 and C4\n\nDivision 2 Clearing in Zones R5, C2, C3 and C4\n\n**pt 2.5, div 2, hdg:** An 2024 (42), Sch 1.38\\[6\\].","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"Division 3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Clearing in Zones R5, C3 and C4","content":"## Division 3 Clearing in Zones R5, C3 and C4\n\nDivision 3 Clearing in Zones R5, C3 and C4\n\n**pt 2.5, div 3, hdg:** Am 2024 (42), Sch 1.38\\[11\\].","sortOrder":45},{"sectionNumber":"Part 3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Part 3 Preliminary\n\nPart 3.1 Preliminary","sortOrder":51},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Aims of Chapter","content":"#### 3 Aims of Chapter\n\n3.1 Aims of Chapter\n\n> This Chapter aims to encourage the proper conservation and management of areas of natural vegetation that provide habitat for koalas to ensure a permanent free-living population over their present range and reverse the current trend of koala population decline—\n> \n> > (a) by requiring the preparation of plans of management before development consent can be granted in relation to areas of core koala habitat, and\n> \n> > (b) by encouraging the identification of areas of core koala habitat, and\n> \n> > (c) by encouraging the inclusion of areas of core koala habitat in conservation zones.\n> \n> **s 3.1:** Am 2024 (42), Sch 1.38\\[13\\].","sortOrder":52},{"sectionNumber":"Part 4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Part 4 Preliminary\n\nPart 4.1 Preliminary","sortOrder":72},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Aim of Chapter","content":"#### 4 Aim of Chapter\n\n4.1 Aim of Chapter\n\n> This Chapter aims to encourage the conservation and management of areas of natural vegetation that provide habitat for koalas to support a permanent free-living population over their present range and reverse the current trend of koala population decline.\n> \n> Editorial note.\n> \n> Guidelines are being made by the Planning Secretary with the agreement of the Secretary of Regional NSW for the purposes of Parts 4.2 and 4.3 of this Chapter. When the Guidelines are made this Chapter is to be amended to incorporate references to the Guidelines.","sortOrder":73},{"sectionNumber":"Part 5","sectionType":"part","heading":"Introduction","content":"# Part 5 Introduction\n\nPart 5.1 Introduction","sortOrder":94},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Aims of this Chapter","content":"#### 5 Aims of this Chapter\n\n5.1 Aims of this Chapter\n\n> The aims of this Chapter are to conserve and enhance the riverine environment of the River Murray for the benefit of all users.","sortOrder":95},{"sectionNumber":"Part 6","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Part 6 Preliminary\n\nPart 6.1 Preliminary\n\n**pt 6.1:** Ins 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[1\\].","sortOrder":144},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Land to which Chapter applies","content":"#### 6 Land to which Chapter applies\n\n6.1 Land to which Chapter applies\n\n> This Chapter applies to land in the following catchments—\n> \n> > (a) the Sydney Drinking Water Catchment,\n> \n> > (b) the Sydney Harbour Catchment,\n> \n> > (c) the Georges River Catchment,\n> \n> > (d) the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment.\n> \n> **s 6.1:** Subst 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[1\\].","sortOrder":145},{"sectionNumber":"Division 4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Controls on development for specific purposes","content":"## Division 4 Controls on development for specific purposes\n\nDivision 4 Controls on development for specific purposes\n\n**pt 6.2, div 4:** Ins 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[1\\].","sortOrder":163},{"sectionNumber":"Division 5","sectionType":"division","heading":"Strategic foreshore sites","content":"## Division 5 Strategic foreshore sites\n\nDivision 5 Strategic foreshore sites\n\n**pt 6.3, div 5:** Ins 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[1\\].","sortOrder":236},{"sectionNumber":"Part 13","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Part 13 Preliminary\n\nPart 13.1 Preliminary\n\n**pt 13.1:** Ins 2022 (461), Sch 1\\[2\\].","sortOrder":263},{"sectionNumber":"13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Land to which Chapter applies","content":"#### 13 Land to which Chapter applies\n\n13.1 Land to which Chapter applies\n\n> > (1) This Chapter applies to land shown on the [Land Application Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021).\n> \n> > (2) This Chapter does not apply to land subject to a claim lodged in accordance with the [Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1983](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1983-042), section 36.\n> \n> > (3) Parts 13.3 and 13.4 do not apply to land acquired or reserved under the [National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1974-080).\n> \n> **s 13.1:** Ins 2022 (461), Sch 1\\[2\\].","sortOrder":264},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 1","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Feed tree species—Chapter 3","content":"# Schedule 1 Feed tree species—Chapter 3\n\nSchedule 1 Feed tree species—Chapter 3\n\nsection 3.2\n\n**sch 1, hdg:** Am 2022 (248), Sch 2\\[2\\].\n\n| Scientific Name | Common Name |\n| Eucalyptus tereticornis | Forest red gum |\n| Eucalyptus microcorys | Tallowwood |\n| Eucalyptus punctata | Grey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus viminalis | Ribbon or manna gum |\n| Eucalyptus camaldulensis | River red gum |\n| Eucalyptus haemastoma | Broad leaved scribbly gum |\n| Eucalyptus signata | Scribbly gum |\n| Eucalyptus albens | White box |\n| Eucalyptus populnea | Bimble box or poplar box |\n| Eucalyptus robusta | Swamp mahogany |","sortOrder":297},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 2","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Local government areas—Chapters 3 and 4","content":"# Schedule 2 Local government areas—Chapters 3 and 4\n\nSchedule 2 Local government areas—Chapters 3 and 4\n\nsections 3.3(1) and 4.4(1)\n\n**sch 2, hdg:** Am 2022 (248), Sch 2\\[3\\]; 2024 (42), Sch 1.38\\[17\\].\n\n| Local government area | Koala management area(s) |\n| Armidale Regional | Northern Tablelands |\n| Ballina | North Coast |\n| Bathurst Regional | Central and Southern Tablelands |\n| Bega Valley | South Coast |\n| Bellingen | North Coast |\n| Berrigan | Riverina |\n| Blayney | Central and Southern Tablelands |\n| City of Blue Mountains * | Central and Southern TablelandsCentral Coast |\n| Bourke | Darling Riverine PlainsFar West |\n| Brewarrina | Darling Riverine PlainsFar West |\n| Byron | North Coast |\n| Cabonne | Central and Southern Tablelands |\n| City of Campbelltown * | Central Coast |\n| Central Coast * | Central Coast |\n| Central Darling | Far West |\n| City of Cessnock | Central Coast |\n| Clarence Valley | North Coast |\n| City of Coffs Harbour | North Coast |\n| Coonamble | Darling Riverine PlainsNorthwest Slopes |\n| Dungog | Central Coast |\n| Edward River | Riverina |\n| Eurobodalla | South Coast |\n| Federation | Central and Southern TablelandsFar WestRiverina |\n| Forbes | Far West |\n| Gilgandra | Northwest Slopes |\n| Glen Innes Severn Shire | Northern Tablelands |\n| Goulburn Mulwaree | Central and Southern Tablelands |\n| Greater Hume Shire | Central and Southern TablelandsFar WestRiverina |\n| Gunnedah | Northwest Slopes |\n| Gwydir | Northwest Slopes |\n| City of Hawkesbury * | Central Coast |\n| Hilltops | Central and Southern TablelandsFar West |\n| Hornsby * | Central Coast |\n| Inverell | Northern TablelandsNorthwest Slopes |\n| Kempsey | North Coast |\n| Ku-ring-gai * | Central Coast |\n| Kyogle | North Coast |\n| City of Lake Macquarie | Central Coast |\n| Leeton | Far WestRiverina |\n| City of Lismore | North Coast |\n| City of Lithgow | Central and Southern Tablelands |\n| City of Liverpool * | Central Coast |\n| Liverpool Plains | Northwest Slopes |\n| Lockhart | Central and Southern TablelandsFar West |\n| City of Maitland | Central Coast |\n| Mid-Coast | North Coast |\n| Mid-Western Regional | Northwest Slopes |\n| Moree Plains | Northwest Slopes |\n| Murray River | Far WestRiverina |\n| Muswellbrook | Central Coast |\n| Nambucca Valley | North Coast |\n| Narrabri | Northwest Slopes |\n| Narrandera | Far WestRiverina |\n| Narromine | Darling Riverine PlainsFar West |\n| City of Newcastle | Central Coast |\n| Northern Beaches * | Central Coast |\n| Oberon | Central and Southern Tablelands |\n| Parkes | Far West |\n| Port Macquarie-Hastings | North Coast |\n| Port Stephens | Central Coast |\n| Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional | Central and Southern Tablelands |\n| Richmond Valley | North Coast |\n| City of Shoalhaven | Central and Southern TablelandsSouth Coast |\n| Singleton | Central Coast |\n| Snowy Monaro Regional | Central and Southern Tablelands |\n| Snowy Valleys | Central and Southern Tablelands |\n| Tamworth Regional | Northern Tablelands |\n| Tenterfield | Northern Tablelands |\n| Tweed | North Coast |\n| Upper Hunter Shire | Northwest Slopes |\n| Upper Lachlan Shire | Central and Southern Tablelands |\n| Uralla | Northern Tablelands |\n| City of Wagga Wagga | Central and Southern TablelandsFar West |\n| Walcha | Northern Tablelands |\n| Walgett | Darling Riverine PlainsNorthwest Slopes |\n| Warren | Darling Riverine Plains |\n| Warrumbungle Shire | Northwest Slopes |\n| Weddin | Central and Southern TablelandsFar West |\n| Wentworth | Far WestRiverina |\n| Wingecarribee | Central and Southern TablelandsCentral Coast |\n| Wollondilly * | Central and Southern TablelandsCentral Coast |\n| City of Wollongong | South Coast |\n| Yass Valley | Central and Southern Tablelands |\n\n**sch 2:** Am 2024 (42), Sch 1.38\\[18\\].","sortOrder":298},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 3","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Koala use tree species—Chapter 4","content":"# Schedule 3 Koala use tree species—Chapter 4\n\nSchedule 3 Koala use tree species—Chapter 4\n\n(section 4.9)\n\n**sch 3, hdg:** Am 2022 (248), Sch 2\\[5\\].\n\nCentral and Southern Tablelands koala management area\n\n| Scientific name | Common name(s) |\n| Eucalyptus agglomerata | Blue-leaved Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus albens | White Box |\n| Eucalyptus amplifolia | Cabbage Gum |\n| Eucalyptus blakelyi | Blakely’s Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus bosistoana | Coast Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus bridgesiana | Apple Box |\n| Eucalyptus camaldulensis | River Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus conica | Fuzzy Box |\n| Eucalyptus cypellocarpa | Monkey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus dalrympleana | Mountain Gum |\n| Eucalyptus dealbata | Tumbledown Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus dives | Broad-leaved Peppermint |\n| Eucalyptus elata | River Peppermint |\n| Eucalyptus eugenioides | Narrow-leaved Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus fibrosa | Broad-leaved Red Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus globoidea | White Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus goniocalyx | Bundy |\n| Eucalyptus macrorhyncha | Red Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus maidenii | Maiden’s Blue Gum |\n| Eucalyptus mannifera | Brittle Gum |\n| Eucalyptus melliodora | Yellow Box |\n| Eucalyptus microcarpa | Western Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus nortonii | Large-flowered Bundy |\n| Eucalyptus obliqua | Messmate |\n| Eucalyptus oblonga | Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus paniculata | Grey Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus pauciflora | White Sally, Snow Gum |\n| Eucalyptus piperita | Sydney Peppermint |\n| Eucalyptus polyanthemos | Red Box |\n| Eucalyptus punctata | Grey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus quadrangulata | White-topped Box |\n| Eucalyptus radiata | Narrow leaved Peppermint |\n| Eucalyptus rossii | Inland Scribbly Gum |\n| Eucalyptus rubida | Candlebark |\n| Eucalyptus sclerophylla | Hard-leaved Scribbly Gum |\n| Eucalyptus sideroxylon | Mugga Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus sieberi | Silvertop Ash |\n| Eucalyptus tereticornis | Forest Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus viminalis | Ribbon Gum |\n\nCentral Coast koala management area\n\n| Scientific name | Common name(s) |\n| Allocasuarina littoralis | Black She-oak |\n| Allocasuarina torulosa | Forest Oak |\n| Angophora bakeri | Narrow-leaved Apple |\n| Angophora costata | Smooth-barked Apple |\n| Angophora floribunda | Rough-barked Apple |\n| Casuarina glauca | Swamp Oak |\n| Corymbia eximia | Yellow Bloodwood |\n| Corymbia gummifera | Red Bloodwood |\n| Corymbia maculata | Spotted Gum |\n| Eucalyptus acmenoides | White Mahogany |\n| Eucalyptus agglomerata | Blue-leaved Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus albens | White Box |\n| Eucalyptus amplifolia | Cabbage Gum |\n| Eucalyptus beyeriana | Beyer’s Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus blakelyi | Blakely’s Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus bosistoana | Coast Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus botryoides | Bangalay |\n| Eucalyptus camaldulensis | River Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus camfieldii | Camfield’s Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus canaliculata | Large-fruited Grey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus capitellata | Brown Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus carnea | Thick-leaved Mahogany |\n| Eucalyptus consideniana | Yertchuk |\n| Eucalyptus crebra | Narrow-leaved Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus cypellocarpa | Monkey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus deanei | Mountain Blue Gum |\n| Eucalyptus eugenioides | Narrow-leaved Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus fibrosa | Broad-leaved Red Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus glaucina | Slaty Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus globoidea | White Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus grandis | Flooded Gum |\n| Eucalyptus haemastoma | Broad-leaved Scribbly Gum |\n| Eucalyptus imitans | Eucalyptus imitans |\n| Eucalyptus largeana | Craven Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus longifolia | Woollybutt |\n| Eucalyptus macrorhyncha | Red Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus melliodora | Yellow Box |\n| Eucalyptus michaeliana | Brittle Gum |\n| Eucalyptus microcorys | Tallowwood |\n| Eucalyptus moluccana | Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus oblonga | Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus paniculata | Grey Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus parramattensis | Parramatta Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus pilularis | Blackbutt |\n| Eucalyptus piperita | Sydney Peppermint |\n| Eucalyptus propinqua | Small-fruited Grey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus punctata | Grey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus quadrangulata | White-topped Box |\n| Eucalyptus racemosa | Narrow-leaved Scribbly Gum |\n| Eucalyptus resinifera | Red Mahogany |\n| Eucalyptus robusta | Swamp Mahogany |\n| Eucalyptus saligna | Sydney Blue Gum |\n| Eucalyptus scias | Large-fruited Red Mahogany |\n| Eucalyptus sclerophylla | Hard-leaved Scribbly Gum |\n| Eucalyptus siderophloia | Grey Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus sideroxylon | Mugga Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus sieberi | Silvertop Ash |\n| Eucalyptus signata | Scribbly Gum |\n| Eucalyptus sparsifolia | Narrow-leaved Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus squamosa | Scaly Bark |\n| Eucalyptus tereticornis | Forest Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus umbra | Bastard White Mahogany |\n| Eucalyptus viminalis | Ribbon Gum |\n| Melaleuca quinquenervia | Broad-leaved Paperbark |\n| Syncarpia glomulifera | Turpentine |\n\nDarling Riverine Plains koala management area\n\n| Scientific name | Common name(s) |\n| Callitris glaucophylla | White Cypress Pine |\n| Eucalyptus albens | White Box |\n| Eucalyptus camaldulensis | River Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus chloroclada | Dirty Gum |\n| Eucalyptus conica | Fuzzy Box |\n| Eucalyptus coolabah | Coolibah |\n| Eucalyptus crebra | Narrow-leaved Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus dealbata | Tumbledown Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus dwyeri | Dwyer’s Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus largiflorens | Black Box |\n| Eucalyptus melanophloia | Silver-leaved Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus melliodora | Yellow Box |\n| Eucalyptus microcarpa | Western Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus pilligaensis | Narrow-leaved Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus populnea | Bimble Box, Poplar Box |\n| Eucalyptus sideroxylon | Mugga Ironbark |\n\nFar West koala management area\n\n| Scientific name | Common name(s) |\n| Angophora floribunda | Rough-barked Apple |\n| Callitris glaucophylla | White Cypress Pine |\n| Casuarina cristata | Belah |\n| Eucalyptus albens | White Box |\n| Eucalyptus blakelyi | Blakely’s Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus camaldulensis | River Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus chloroclada | Dirty Gum |\n| Eucalyptus coolabah | Coolibah |\n| Eucalyptus crebra | Narrow-leaved Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus dealbata | Tumbledown Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus intertexta | Gum Coolibah |\n| Eucalyptus largiflorens | Black Box |\n| Eucalyptus melanophloia | Silver-leaved Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus melliodora | Yellow Box |\n| Eucalyptus microcarpa | Western Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus moluccana | Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus pilligaensis | Narrow-leaved Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus populnea | Bimble Box |\n| Eucalyptus sideroxylon | Mugga Ironbark |\n| Geijera parviflora | Wilga |\n\nNorth Coast koala management area\n\n| Scientific name | Common name(s) |\n| Allocasuarina torulosa | Forest Oak |\n| Angophora floribunda | Rough-barked Apple |\n| Corymbia gummifera | Red Bloodwood |\n| Corymbia henryi | Large-leaved Spotted Gum |\n| Corymbia intermedia | Pink Bloodwood |\n| Corymbia maculata | Spotted Gum |\n| Eucalyptus acmenoides | White Mahogany |\n| Eucalyptus amplifolia | Cabbage Gum |\n| Eucalyptus bancroftii | Orange Gum |\n| Eucalyptus biturbinata | Grey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus campanulata | New England Blackbutt |\n| Eucalyptus canaliculata | Large-fruited Grey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus carnea | Thick-leaved Mahogany |\n| Eucalyptus crebra | Narrow-leaved Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus eugenoides | Narrow-leaved stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus fibrosa | Broad-leaved Red Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus glaucina | Slaty Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus globoidea | White Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus grandis | Flooded Gum |\n| Eucalyptus laevopinea | Silver-top Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus largeana | Craven Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus microcorys | Tallowwood |\n| Eucalyptus moluccana | Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus nobilis | Forest Ribbon Gum |\n| Eucalyptus pilularis | Blackbutt |\n| Eucalyptus placita | Grey Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus planchoniana | Bastard Tallowwood |\n| Eucalyptus propinqua | Small-fruited Grey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus psammitica | Bastard White Mahogany |\n| Eucalyptus punctata | Grey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus resinifera | Red Mahogany |\n| Eucalyptus robusta | Swamp Mahogany |\n| Eucalyptus rummeryi | Steel Box |\n| Eucalyptus saligna | Sydney Blue Gum |\n| Eucalyptus scias | Large-fruited Red Mahogany |\n| Eucalyptus seeana | Narrow-leaved Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus siderophloia | Grey Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus signata/Eucalyptus racemosa | Scribbly Gum/Narrow-leaved Scribbly Gum |\n| Eucalyptus tereticornis | Forest Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus tindaliae | Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus umbra | Bastard White Mahogany |\n| Melaleuca quinquenervia | Broad-leaved Paperbark |\n\nNorthwest Slopes koala management area\n\n| Scientific name | Common name(s) |\n| Angophora floribunda | Rough-barked Apple |\n| Callitris glaucophylla | White Cypress Pine |\n| Casuarina cristata | Belah |\n| Eucalyptus albens | White Box |\n| Eucalyptus blakelyi | Blakely’s Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus bridgesiana | Apple Box |\n| Eucalyptus caleyi | Drooping Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus caliginosa | Broad-leaved Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus camaldulensis | River Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus canaliculata | Large-fruited Grey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus chloroclada | Dirty Gum |\n| Eucalyptus conica | Fuzzy Box |\n| Eucalyptus coolabah | Coolibah |\n| Eucalyptus crebra | Narrow-leaved Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus dalrympleana | Mountain Gum |\n| Eucalyptus dealbata | Tumbledown Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus dwyeri | Dwyer’s Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus exserta | Peppermint |\n| Eucalyptus fibrosa | Broad-leaved Red Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus goniocalyx | Bundy |\n| Eucalyptus laevopinea | Silver-top Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus largiflorens | Black Box |\n| Eucalyptus macrorhyncha | Red Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus mannifera | Brittle Gum |\n| Eucalyptus melanophloia | Silver-leaved Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus melliodora | Yellow Box |\n| Eucalyptus microcarpa | Western Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus moluccana | Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus nobilis | Forest Ribbon Gum |\n| Eucalyptus parramattensis | Parramatta Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus pauciflora | White Sally, Snow Gum |\n| Eucalyptus pilligaensis | Narrow-leaved Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus polyanthemos | Red Box |\n| Eucalyptus populnea | Bimble Box/Poplar Box |\n| Eucalyptus prava | Orange Gum |\n| Eucalyptus punctata | Grey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus quadrangulata | White-topped Box |\n| Eucalyptus sideroxylon | Mugga Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus viminalis | Ribbon Gum |\n\nNorthern Tablelands koala management area\n\n| Scientific name | Common name(s) |\n| Allocasuarina littoralis | Black She-oak |\n| Angophora floribunda | Rough-barked Apple |\n| Callitris glaucophylla | White Cypress Pine |\n| Eucalyptus acaciiformis | Wattle-leaved Peppermint |\n| Eucalyptus albens | White Box |\n| Eucalyptus amplifolia | Cabbage Gum |\n| Eucalyptus biturbinata | Grey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus blakelyi | Blakely’s Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus bridgesiana | Apple Box |\n| Eucalyptus brunnea | Mountain Blue Gum |\n| Eucalyptus caleyi | Drooping Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus caliginosa | Broad-leaved Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus camaldulensis | River Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus campanulata | New England Blackbutt |\n| Eucalyptus crebra | Narrow-leaved Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus dalrympleana | Mountain Gum |\n| Eucalyptus dealbata | Tumbledown Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus eugenioides | Narrow-leaved Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus laevopinea | Silver-top Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus macrorhyncha | Red Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus melanophloia | Silver-leaved Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus melliodora | Yellow Box |\n| Eucalyptus michaeliana | Brittle Gum |\n| Eucalyptus microcorys | Tallowwood |\n| Eucalyptus moluccana | Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus nicholii | Narrow-leaved Black Peppermint |\n| Eucalyptus nobilis | Forest Ribbon Gum |\n| Eucalyptus nova-anglica | New England Peppermint |\n| Eucalyptus obliqua | Messmate |\n| Eucalyptus pauciflora | White Sally, Snow Gum |\n| Eucalyptus prava | Orange Gum |\n| Eucalyptus radiata | Narrow leaved Peppermint |\n| Eucalyptus saligna | Sydney Blue Gum |\n| Eucalyptus sideroxylon | Mugga Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus stellulata | Black Sally |\n| Angophora subvelutina | Broad-leaved Apple |\n| Eucalyptus tereticornis | Forest Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus viminalis | Ribbon Gum |\n| Eucalyptus williamsiana | Eucalyptus williamsiana |\n| Eucalyptus youmanii | Youman’s Stringybark |\n\nRiverina koala management area\n\n| Scientific name | Common name(s) |\n| Callitris glaucophylla | White Cypress Pine |\n| Casuarina cristata | Belah |\n| Eucalyptus albens | White Box |\n| Eucalyptus camaldulensis | River Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus intertexta | Gum Coolibah |\n| Eucalyptus largiflorens | Black Box |\n| Eucalyptus melliodora | Yellow Box |\n| Eucalyptus microcarpa | Western Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus populnea | Bimble Box |\n\nSouth Coast koala management area\n\n| Scientific name | Common name(s) |\n| Allocasuarina littoralis | Black She-oak |\n| Angophora floribunda | Rough-barked Apple |\n| Corymbia gummifera | Red Bloodwood |\n| Corymbia maculata | Spotted Gum |\n| Eucalyptus agglomerata | Blue-leaved Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus baueriana | Blue Box |\n| Eucalyptus bosistoana | Coast Grey Box |\n| Eucalyptus consideniana | Yertchuk |\n| Eucalyptus cypellocarpa | Monkey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus elata | River Peppermint |\n| Eucalyptus eugenioides | Narrow-leaved Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus fastigata | Brown Barrel |\n| Eucalyptus globoidea | White Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus longifolia | Woollybutt |\n| Eucalyptus maidenii | Maiden’s Blue Gum |\n| Eucalyptus muelleriana | Yellow Stringybark |\n| Eucalyptus obliqua | Messmate |\n| Eucalyptus paniculata | Grey Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus pilularis | Blackbutt |\n| Eucalyptus piperita | Sydney Peppermint |\n| Eucalyptus punctata | Grey Gum |\n| Eucalyptus saligna | Sydney Blue Gum |\n| Eucalyptus sclerophylla | Hard-leaved Scribbly Gum |\n| Eucalyptus sieberi | Silvertop Ash |\n| Eucalyptus tereticornis | Forest Red Gum |\n| Eucalyptus tricarpa | Mugga (Red) Ironbark |\n| Eucalyptus viminalis | Ribbon Gum |\n\n**sch 3:** Am 2026 (79), Sch 1\\[46\\].","sortOrder":299},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 4","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Dictionary for Chapter 5","content":"# Schedule 4 Dictionary for Chapter 5\n\nSchedule 4 Dictionary for Chapter 5\n\n(section 5.5)\n\nbank means a change of slope that defines the extent of the bed of the River Murray.\n\nbed means the land which contains the River Murray, including that which is alternately inundated or left bare from a rise or fall in the supply of water, but does not include any land inundated only in time of flood.\n\nconsent authority means the Council for the local government area in which the proposed development is to be carried out.\n\nflood liable land means land identified on the map as flood liable land.\n\nhazardous industry means an industry which, when in operation and when all measures proposed to reduce or minimise its impact on the locality have been employed (including, for example, measures to isolate the industry from existing or likely future development on other land in the locality), would pose a significant risk in relation to the locality—\n\n> (a) to human health, life or property, or\n\n> (b) to the biophysical environment.\n\nhazardous storage establishment means any establishment where goods, materials or products are stored which, when in operation and when all measures proposed to reduce or minimise its impact on the locality have been employed (including, for example, measures to isolate the establishment from existing or likely future development on the other land in the locality), would pose a significant risk in relation to the locality—\n\n> (a) to human health, life or property, or\n\n> (b) to the biophysical environment.\n\noffensive industry means an industry which, when in operation and when all measures proposed to reduce or minimise its impact on the locality have been employed (including, for example, measures to isolate the industry from existing or likely future development on other land in the locality), would emit a polluting discharge (for example, noise) in a manner which would have a significant adverse impact in the locality or on the existing or likely future development on other land in the locality.\n\noffensive storage establishment means any establishment where goods, materials or products are stored which, when in operation and when all measures proposed to reduce or minimise its impact on the locality have been employed (including, for example, measures to isolate the establishment from existing or likely future development on other land in the locality), would emit a polluting discharge (including, for example, noise) in a manner which would have a significant adverse impact in the locality or on the existing or likely future development on other land in the locality.\n\npotentially hazardous industry means an industry which, if it were to operate without employing any measures (including, for example, measures to isolate the industry from existing or likely future development on other land in the locality) to reduce or minimise its impact in the locality or on the existing or likely future development on other land, would pose a significant risk in relation to the locality—\n\n> (a) to human health, life or property, or\n\n> (b) to the biophysical environment,\n\nand includes a hazardous industry and the use of a hazardous storage establishment.\n\npotentially offensive industry means an industry which, if it were to operate without employing any measures (including, for example, measures to isolate the industry from existing or likely future development on other land in the locality) to reduce or minimise its impact in the locality or on the existing or likely future development on other land, would emit a polluting discharge (for example, noise) in a manner which would have a significant adverse impact in the locality or on the existing or likely future development on other land, and includes an offensive industry and the use of an offensive storage establishment.\n\npublic authority means a public or local authority constituted by or under any Act, a Government department or a statutory body representing the Crown, and includes a person exercising functions on behalf of that authority, Department or body and also includes a public or local authority constituted under any Act of the Parliament of the Commonwealth, Victoria or South Australia, a government department of the Commonwealth, Victoria or South Australia, a statutory body representing the Crown in right of the Commonwealth, Victoria or South Australia and a person exercising functions on behalf of any such authority, department or body.\n\nRiver Management Plan means any development control plan, plan of management, study, strategy, guideline or the like, which has undergone a public participation process, which is consistent with the aims, objectives and principles of this Chapter and which is endorsed by the Murray-Darling Basin Commission.\n\nthe map means the [Murray Regional Environmental Plan No 2—Riverine Land Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021).\n\n**sch 4:** Am 2026 (79), Sch 1\\[47\\]–\\[50\\].","sortOrder":300},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 5","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Sydney Harbour heritage items for Chapter 6","content":"# Schedule 5 Sydney Harbour heritage items for Chapter 6\n\nSchedule 5 Sydney Harbour heritage items for Chapter 6\n\nSchedule 6, definition of “heritage item”\n\nNote—\n\nThe word “State” in the column headed “Significance” identifies items listed on the State Heritage Register that have been assessed in a relevant heritage study as being of State heritage significance or are listed in a register kept under the [Heritage Act 1977](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1977-136), section 170.\n\n| Locality | Name of item | Address | Significance | Item no |\n| Canada Bay | Newington College boat shed and grounds | Checkley Street, Abbotsford |  | 1 |\n| Canada Bay | Abbotsford Jetty | Great North Road, Abbotsford |  | 2 |\n| Canada Bay | Former Cabarita Wharf | Cabarita Park, Cabarita |  | 3 |\n| Canada Bay | Sanders Marina | Cabarita Park, Cabarita |  | 4 |\n| Canada Bay | Stone Wharf, Blackwall Point | 11 Bortfield Drive, Chiswick |  | 5 |\n| Canada Bay | Site of former swimming baths at Hen and Chicken Bay | Bayview Park, Concord |  | 6 |\n| Canada Bay | Clovelly House boat shed | Drummoyne Avenue, Drummoyne |  | 7 |\n| Canada Bay | Federation House boat shed | Drummoyne Avenue, Drummoyne |  | 8 |\n| Canada Bay | Wharves/Reclaimed Land, access from Peppercorn Reserve and Salton Reserve | St Georges Crescent, Drummoyne |  | 9 |\n| Canada Bay | Thompson Street Wharves | Thompson Street and Henley Marine Drive, Drummoyne |  | 10 |\n| Canada Bay | Wolseley Street Wharf | Wolseley Street, Drummoyne |  | 11 |\n| Canada Bay | Federation House boat shed only | 87 Llewellyn Street, Rhodes |  | 12 |\n| Canada Bay | Stone wharf | 91 Llewellyn Street, Uhrs Point, Rhodes |  | 13 |\n| Canada Bay | Stone retaining walls | Five Dock Bay |  | 14 |\n| Canada Bay | Stone retaining walls | Hen and Chicken Bay |  | 15 |\n| Hunters Hill | Hunters Hill Wharf and Waiting Shed | 453 Ferry Street, Hunters Hill |  | 16 |\n| Hunters Hill | Remains of bath | Boronia Park, Hunters Hill |  | 17 |\n| Inner West | Urban Transit Authority Ferry Maintenance Depot | Alexander and Waterview Streets, Balmain | State | 18 |\n| Inner West | Cove Street Wharf | Cove Street, Balmain |  | 19 |\n| Inner West | Elliott Street Wharf | Elliott Street, Balmain |  | 20 |\n| Inner West | Dawn Fraser Swimming Pool | Glassop Street, Balmain | State | 144 |\n| Inner West | Waterview Wharf Workshops | 37 Nicholson Street, Balmain | State | 145 |\n| Inner West | Site of Rowntree’s Floating Dock | Hart Street and The Avenue, Balmain |  | 21 |\n| Inner West | Punch Street Wharf | Punch Street, Balmain |  | 22 |\n| Inner West | Tidal pool | 13 Simmons Street, Balmain |  | 23 |\n| Inner West | Site and remains of former Morts Dock | Thames, Mort, College, McKell, Cameron and Yeend Streets, Balmain | State | 24 |\n| Inner West | Site and remains of ferry wharf | Yeend Street, Balmain |  | 25 |\n| Inner West | Remains of former Tasmanian Ferry Terminal | Yeend Street, Balmain |  | 26 |\n| Inner West | Long Nose Point Wharf | Louisa Road, Birchgrove |  | 27 |\n| Inner West | Boat sheds only | Louisa Road, opposite steps to Deloitte Avenue, Birchgrove |  | 28 |\n| Inner West | Leichhardt Wharf | Leichhardt Park, Leichhardt |  | 29 |\n| Inner West | Former Callan Park Hospital Wharf | Rozelle Hospital, Rozelle |  | 30 |\n| Inner West | Stone retaining walls | Iron Cove |  | 31 |\n| Ku-ring-gai | Remains of old Roseville Bridge | Babbage Road, Roseville |  | 32 |\n| Ku-ring-gai | Site of Echo Point Farm, including slipway | Echo Point Park, Babbage Road, Roseville |  | 33 |\n| Ku-ring-gai | Remains of Roseville Baths | 99 Babbage Road, Roseville |  | 34 |\n| Lane Cove | Electricity Tunnel | Foreshore of Manns Point Reserve, Greenwich |  | 35 |\n| Lane Cove | Boat shed and slips | O’Connell and Albert Streets, Greenwich |  | 36 |\n| Mosman | Stone wharf—Bradley’s Head | National Park, Bradley’s Head |  | 37 |\n| North Sydney | Lavender Bay Ferry Wharf | Walker Street, Kirribilli |  | 38 |\n| North Sydney | Brett Whiteley House and visual curtilage | 1 Walker Street, Lavender Bay and the waters of Lavender Bay | State | 39 |\n| North Sydney | Sydney Harbour Queen | Moored in Berrys Bay, Waverton (formerly moored west of Luna Park, Milsons Point) |  | 40 |\n| North Sydney | Site of Cavill’s Baths | Foreshore of Lavender Bay |  | 41 |\n| North Sydney | Head of Shell Cove | Bogota Avenue, Cremorne Point and the waters of Shell Cove |  | 42 |\n| Northern Beaches | Grotto Point lighthouse and remains of former wharf | Grotto Point, Balgowlah |  | 43 |\n| Northern Beaches | Fairlight Pool | Lauderdale Avenue, Fairlight |  | 44 |\n| Northern Beaches | Bantry Bay Public Powder Magazine | Foreshores of Bantry Bay, Killarney Heights |  | 45 |\n| Northern Beaches | Flat Rock Landing Place | Killarney Drive, Killarney Heights |  | 46 |\n| Northern Beaches | Former Killarney picnic ground, including wharf | Garigal National Park, Mosman Rowing Club, Killarney Drive, Killarney Heights |  | 47 |\n| Northern Beaches | Remains of Manly Public Baths | East Esplanade, Manly |  | 48 |\n| Northern Beaches | Little Manly Cove Pool | Stuart Street, Manly |  | 49 |\n| Northern Beaches | Site and remains of Brightside cargo wharf | Stuart Street, Manly |  | 50 |\n| Northern Beaches | Site and remains of harbour side pool and steps | Stuart Street, Manly |  | 51 |\n| Northern Beaches | Manly Wharf | The Esplanade, Manly | State | 52 |\n| Parramatta | Industrial Wharves | 33 Grand Avenue, Camellia |  | 53 |\n| Parramatta | Former McDonald Farm Wharf | George Kendall Reserve, Ermington |  | 54 |\n| Parramatta | Wharf and reserve | George Kendall Reserve, Ermington |  | 55 |\n| Parramatta | Former Spurway Street Wharf | Spurway Street, Ermington |  | 56 |\n| Parramatta | Former Pennant Hills Wharf | Wharf Road, Ermington |  | 57 |\n| Parramatta | Log ponds and wharves to timber yards | Bennelong Point, Homebush Bay |  | 58 |\n| Parramatta | Newington Arms Depot Wharf | Newington Arms Depot, Silverwater |  | 59 |\n| Parramatta | Shell Oil Refinery Wharf | Duck River |  | 60 |\n| Ryde | Scots College boat shed | 3 Delmar Parade, Gladesville |  | 61 |\n| Ryde | Punt Road Wharf | Punt Road, Gladesville |  | 62 |\n| Ryde | Former Gladesville Wharf | Wharf Road, Looking Glass Point, Gladesville |  | 63 |\n| Ryde | Sydney Grammar School boat shed | 88 Wharf Road, Gladesville |  | 64 |\n| Ryde | Meadowbank Rail Bridge over Parramatta River | Main Northern railway, Meadowbank | State | 65 |\n| Ryde | Private Wharf | Below Rothesay Avenue, Meadowbank |  | 66 |\n| Ryde | Putney Wharf | Putney Parade, Putney |  | 67 |\n| Ryde | Naval Refit Centre | Waterview Street, Putney | State | 68 |\n| Ryde | Former Ryde Wharf | Parsonage and Belmore Streets, Ryde |  | 69 |\n| Ryde | Former swimming baths | End of Regent Street and Osborne Avenue, Ryde |  | 70 |\n| Ryde | Timber wharves | Both sides of Ryde Railway Bridge, Ryde |  | 71 |\n| Ryde | Former Log Road and private wharf | Continuation of Cobham Street, Melrose Park, West Ryde |  | 72 |\n| Sydney | Ferry wharves | Alfred Street, Circular Quay | State | 73 |\n| Sydney | Site of Ithaca Road ferry wharf | Ithaca Road, Elizabeth Bay |  | 74 |\n| Sydney | Walsh Bay Wharves Precinct | Hickson Road, Millers Point | State | 75 |\n| Sydney | Pyrmont Bridge | Sydney | State | 76 |\n| Sydney | Man O’War Steps | Farm Cove Crescent, Sydney | State | 77 |\n| Sydney | Remains of the former Andrew (Boy) Charlton Pool | Mrs Macquarie’s Road, Sydney |  | 78 |\n| Sydney | Site of Robinson’s Baths | Mrs Macquarie’s Road, Sydney |  | 79 |\n| Sydney | Former Woolloomooloo Deep Sea Wharves Nos 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11, Cargo Sheds at Cowper Wharf Road and Lincoln Crescent, Woolloomooloo, and the land and waterway between Wharf No 11 and the other wharves | Cowper Wharf Road and Lincoln Crescent, Woolloomooloo | State | 80 |\n| Sydney | Garden Island Precinct—(a) Former residences for overseers(b) Building 37—rigging shed, including chapel(c) Buildings 31 and 32—registry offices(d) Building 88—battery shed(e) Buildings 95 and 99—workshop and factory(f) Building 89—naval stores(g) Building 27—office building(h) Buildings 16/17 and 18/19/20—residences(i) Building 98—core shop(j) Building 25—boat shed(k) Buildings 7 and 8—workshop and store(l) Figurehead of ship “Windsor Castle”(m) Figurehead of ship “Consuela”(n) Former garden(o) Former “Clarens” garden remains | Off Cowper Wharf Road, Garden Island | State | 81 |\n| Willoughby | Remains of HC Press picnic ground and public baths | Cammeray Road, Castle Cove |  | 82 |\n| Willoughby | Willis Road wharf | Willis Road, Castle Cove |  | 83 |\n| Willoughby | Stone walls, steps and baths | 213–217B Edinburgh Road, Castlecrag |  | 84 |\n| Willoughby | Former Horsley’s boat shed and sea wall, now a house | 217B Edinburgh Road, Castlecrag |  | 85 |\n| Willoughby | Remains of Municipal Baths, structures and access steps | 241 Edinburgh Road, Castlecrag |  | 86 |\n| Willoughby | Stone walls | 297A Edinburgh Road, Castlecrag |  | 87 |\n| Willoughby | Site and remains of early wharfage, now Castlecrag Marina | Rockley Street, Castlecrag |  | 88 |\n| Willoughby | Sailors Bay boat shed | Clive Park, Northbridge |  | 89 |\n| Willoughby | Site and remains of wharfage | Fig Tree Point, Hallstrom Close, Northbridge |  | 90 |\n| Woollahra | Camp Cove tide gauge | Cliff Street, Camp Cove |  | 91 |\n| Woollahra | Remains of Bath House and site of jetty | Darling Point Road, Darling Point |  | 92 |\n| Woollahra | HMAS Rushcutter slipways | 9 New Beach Road, Darling Point |  | 93 |\n| Woollahra | Site of public wharf, now a new wharf | Bay Street, Double Bay |  | 94 |\n| Woollahra | Gladswood House private jetty | 11 Gladswood Gardens, Double Bay |  | 95 |\n| Woollahra | Site of wharf | Wingadal Place, Point Piper |  | 96 |\n| Woollahra | Chinese boat shed | 20 Wolseley Road, Point Piper |  | 97 |\n| Woollahra | Group of remains of wharf, baths and waterfront relics, including former Tivoli Pier and former Thorne’s (or Claremont) Wharf | Bayview Hill Road, Rose Bay |  | 98 |\n| Woollahra | Site of former Rose Bay Flying Boat Base | Lyne Park, Rose Bay |  | 99 |\n| Woollahra | Site of public baths | Lyne Park, Rose Bay |  | 100 |\n| Woollahra | Remains of Western Rose Bay ferry wharf | New South Head Road, Rose Bay |  | 101 |\n| Woollahra | West Parsley Bay obelisk | 65 Fitzwilliam Road, Vaucluse |  | 102 |\n| Woollahra | Remains of Vaucluse Point ferry wharf | 83 Fitzwilliam Street, Vaucluse |  | 103 |\n| Woollahra | Nielsen Park and Hermitage Foreshore Reserve | Greycliffe Avenue, Vaucluse | State | 104 |\n| Woollahra | Former Nielsen Wharf remains | Steel Point, Vaucluse |  | 105 |\n| Woollahra | East Parsley Bay obelisk | Between properties 36A and 38, The Crescent, Vaucluse |  | 106 |\n| Woollahra | Parsley Bay Ferry Wharf | The Crescent, Vaucluse |  | 107 |\n| Woollahra | Hermit Bay Wharf, slipway and landing | Vaucluse Road, Vaucluse |  | 108 |\n| Woollahra | Vaucluse Baths | 68 Wentworth Road, Vaucluse |  | 109 |\n| Woollahra | Site of Village Point Wharf (Kutti Beach Ferry Wharf) | Wharf Road, Vaucluse |  | 110 |\n| Woollahra | Watsons Bay Pool | Marine Parade, Watsons Bay |  | 111 |\n| Woollahra | Pilot Station | Marine Parade and Salisbury Street, Watsons Bay |  | 112 |\n| Woollahra | Remains of old Watsons Bay Pool | Marine Parade and Salisbury Street, Watsons Bay |  | 113 |\n| Woollahra | Ferry Pier | Military Road, Watsons Bay |  | 114 |\n| Woollahra | Green Point obelisk | Off Pacific Street, Watsons Bay |  | 115 |\n| — | Goat Island, including former harbour master’s residence, pathway from magazine precinct to water police station precinct, former ordinance magazine, former laboratory and original cooperage, former cooperage, wall gate and sentry post, entry to magazine area, former barracks, former kitchen, Andersons Couch, lime kiln, Barney’s Cut, former water police station | Sydney Harbour | State | 116 |\n| — | Shark Island | Sydney Harbour |  | 117 |\n| — | Clark Island | Sydney Harbour |  | 118 |\n| — | Cockatoo Island |  | State | 119 |\n| — | Spectacle Island |  | State | 120 |\n| — | Snapper Island |  |  | 121 |\n| — | Rodd Island | Iron Cove | State | 122 |\n| — | Fort Denison, Sydney Harbour | Sydney Harbour | State | 123 |\n| — | Sydney Harbour Bridge, including road and rail approaches and viaducts | Port Jackson | State | 124 |\n| — | Glebe Island Bridge, including abutments | Blackwattle Bay | State | 125 |\n| — | The Spit Bridge | Spit Road, Balgowlah/Mosman | State | 126 |\n| — | Iron Cove Bridge | Iron Cove |  | 127 |\n| — | Gladesville Bridge, including abutments |  | State | 128 |\n| — | Ryde Bridge | Church Street, Ryde to Concord Road, Rhodes |  | 129 |\n| — | Navigation light tower—western channel (Georges Head) | Sydney Harbour |  | 130 |\n| — | Navigation light tower—eastern channel (Bottle and Glass Rocks) | Sydney Harbour |  | 131 |\n| — | Navigation light tower | Off Shark Island, Sydney Harbour |  | 132 |\n| — | Wreck of “Itata” and wrecks of other unnamed vessels | Salt Pan Creek, Middle Harbour |  | 133 |\n| — | Wreck of Maritime Services Board Hopper Barge | Foreshores of Berrys Bay, Sydney Harbour |  | 134 |\n| — | Wreck of “Catherine Adamson” | Old Man’s Hat, North Harbour, Sydney Harbour |  | 135 |\n| — | Wreck of “Centennial” | Taylors Bay, Sydney Harbour |  | 136 |\n| — | Wreck of “Centurion” | Cannae Point, North Head, Sydney Harbour |  | 137 |\n| — | Wreck of “Currajong” | Off Bradleys Head, Sydney Harbour |  | 138 |\n| — | Wreck of “Edward Lombe” | Middle Harbour |  | 139 |\n| — | Wreck of “Fame” | Sow and Pigs Shoal, Sydney Harbour |  | 140 |\n| — | Wreck of Hopper Barge | 150m east of Clark Island |  | 141 |\n| — | Balmain to Greenwich Tunnel, including docking facilities and service buildings | Under harbour, from Long Nose Point, Balmain to Manns Point, Greenwich | State | 142 |\n| — | Searles Monument | The Brothers, off Blackwall Point, Henley, Parramatta River | State | 143 |\n\n**sch 5:** Subst 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\].","sortOrder":301},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 6","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Dictionary for Chapter 6","content":"# Schedule 6 Dictionary for Chapter 6\n\nSchedule 6 Dictionary for Chapter 6\n\nsection 6.2\n\n**sch 6, hdg:** Am 2022 (248), Sch 2\\[6\\]. Subst 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\].\n\nAboriginal place of heritage significance means—\n\n> (a) an area of land that is the site of 1 or more Aboriginal objects or a place that has the physical remains of pre-European occupation by, or is of contemporary significance to, the Aboriginal people, being an area that may, but need not, include items and remnants of the occupation of the land by Aboriginal people, such as burial places, engraving sites, rock art, midden deposits, scarred and sacred trees and sharpening grooves, or\n\n> (b) an area of land that is a natural Aboriginal sacred site or other sacred feature, being an area that includes natural features such as creeks or mountains of long-standing cultural significance, as well as initiation, ceremonial or story places or areas of more contemporary cultural significance, or\n\n> (c) a place described as an Aboriginal place of heritage significance in an inventory kept by the Department, including an inventory kept by the Department under [Sydney Regional Environmental Plan (Sydney Harbour Catchment) 2005](/view/html/repealed/current/epi-2005-0590) before its repeal.\n\nabove-water boat lift means a device used for lifting or steering a vessel out of water to store the vessel above water, but does not include a device that forms part of a commercial marina.\n\naid to navigation means a buoy, sign, light or other structure, whether located wholly on land, wholly on the zoned waterway or partly on land and partly on the zoned waterway, that is designed to assist the safe and efficient movement of vessels on the zoned waterway.\n\nappropriate authority, for Part 6.3, Division 5—see section 6.44.\n\naquatic ecology means the interaction between organisms and the biotic and abiotic components of a waterway.\n\naquatic reserve has the same meaning as in the [Marine Estate Management Act 2014](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2014-072).\n\naviation facility means an area of the zoned waterway set aside, or a structure provided, for the purposes of aircraft landing or taking off.\n\nboat building and repair facility means a facility, including a building or other structure, used primarily for the construction, maintenance or repair of boats, whether or not including the storage, sale or hire of boats, but does not include a commercial marina or boat shed.\n\nboat launching ramp means a structure, designed primarily for the launching of trailer-borne recreational vessels, that is generally available for public use, and includes associated car parking facilities.\n\nboat lift means a device used for lifting or steering a vessel out of water, but does not include an above-water boat lift or a device that forms part of a boat building and repair facility or a commercial marina.\n\nboat storage facility includes—\n\n> (a) a commercial marina, and\n\n> (b) a boat shed, and\n\n> (c) a floating boat platform, and\n\n> (d) a boat building and repair facility that includes the storage of boats.\n\ncharter and tourism boating facility means a facility, including a building or other structure, used for charter boating or tourism boating purposes, being a facility that is used only by the operators of the facility and that has a direct structural connection between the foreshore and the waterway, but does not include a commercial marina.\n\ncommercial marina means a marina within the meaning of the Standard Instrument, other than a private marina.\n\ncommercial port facility means a structure—\n\n> (a) used in connection with the carrying of goods or persons by water from 1 port to another for business or commercial purposes, and\n\n> (b) with a direct structural connection between the foreshore and the zoned waterway.\n\ndemolish, in relation to an item, means wholly or partly destroy, dismantle or deface the item.\n\ndredging means the removal of material from the sea, harbour bed or bed of a river for the purposes of constructing a new or deeper navigational area or channel or reopening a discontinued navigational area or channel, but does not include intertidal dredging or maintenance dredging.\n\necological community has the same meaning as in the [Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2016-063).\n\nfloating boat platform—\n\n> (a) means a portable floating platform that—\n> \n> > (i) is constructed from lightweight materials, and\n> \n> > (ii) does not have a roof, and\n> \n> > (iii) is secured to a mooring pen or private landing facility, and\n> \n> > (iv) is used to store, above the water line, a single vessel not more than 6m in length, and\n\n> (b) does not include a private marina.\n\nflood liable land, for Part 6.2—see section 6.5.\n\nflora and fauna enclosure means a net or other structure used for the purposes of protecting or encouraging the growth of flora and fauna, including a structure used for the observation of flora and fauna or for the maintenance of the net or other structure.\n\nforeshore includes land with a water frontage and land that is separated from the waterfront by a public reserve, road or open space.\n\nForeshores and Waterways Area means the area identified as the Foreshores and Waterways Area on the [Foreshores and Waterways Area Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021).\n\nForeshores and Waterways Area Map means the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Biodiversity and Conservation) 2021 Sydney Harbour Foreshores and Waterways Area Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021).\n\ngeneral restoration works means works carried out for the purposes of restoring or enhancing the natural values of a foreshore or waterway.\n\nGeorges River Catchment means the water catchment identified as the Georges River Catchment on the [Georges River Catchment Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021).\n\nGeorges River Catchment Map means the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Biodiversity and Conservation) 2021 Georges River Catchment Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021).\n\nHawkesbury-Nepean Catchment means the water catchment identified as the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment on the [Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021).\n\nHawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Map means the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Biodiversity and Conservation) 2021 Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021).\n\nHawkesbury-Nepean conservation area sub-catchment means the following sub-catchments identified on the [Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021)—\n\n> (a) the Colo River sub-catchment,\n\n> (b) the Glenbrook and Erskine Creek sub-catchment,\n\n> (c) the Grose River sub-catchment,\n\n> (d) the Macdonald River sub-catchment,\n\n> (e) the Webbs Creek sub-catchment.\n\nheritage development, for Part 6.4—see section 6.52.\n\nheritage item means—\n\n> (a) a building, work, archaeological site or other site or place described in Schedule 5 and identified on the [Heritage Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021), and\n\n> (b) an Aboriginal place of heritage significance.\n\nHeritage Map means the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Biodiversity and Conservation) 2021 Sydney Harbour Heritage Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021).\n\nhouseboat means a vessel or structure that floats on, or is fixed in, the zoned waterway and is used for the purposes of providing permanent residential accommodation.\n\nintertidal dredging means the removal of material from the sea, harbour bed or bed of a river in the intertidal zone, but does not include maintenance dredging.\n\nintertidal zone means the area between—\n\n> (a) the zero tide, namely the water mark corresponding to a tide measuring zero on the Fort Denison Tide Gauge, or -0.925m Australian Height Datum, and\n\n> (b) the highest astronomical tide, namely the water mark corresponding to a tide measuring 2.1m above zero on the Fort Denison Tide Gauge, or 1.175m Australian Height Datum.\n\nlocal government area means an area within the meaning of the [Local Government Act 1993](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1993-030).\n\nmaintenance dredging means removal of material from the sea, harbour bed or bed of a river for the purposes of maintaining the previously established harbour or river depth.\n\nmanufactured home estate has the same meaning as in [State Environmental Planning Policy (Housing) 2021](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2021-0714), Schedule 7.\n\nmaster plan, for Part 6.3, Division 5—see section 6.44.\n\nmean high water mark means the position where the plane of the mean high water level of all ordinary local high tides intersects the foreshore and is taken, for Part 6.3, to be 1.48m above zero on the Fort Denison Tide Gauge or 0.555m Australian Height Datum.\n\nmooring pen means a mooring pen within the meaning of the Standard Instrument that is used for the purposes of the permanent berthing of a vessel.\n\nnaval activities means activities carried out by or on behalf of the Royal Australian Navy within the meaning of the [Defence Act 1903](http://www.legislation.gov.au/) of the Commonwealth, section 18.\n\nNorBE Guideline, for Part 6.5—see section 6.59.\n\nNorBE Tool, for Part 6.5—see section 6.59.\n\nprivate landing facility means a structure, including a wharf, jetty or pontoon, that is used to enable passengers to embark or disembark a vessel or to load or unload goods and is not generally available for public use, but does not include a facility associated with a commercial or private marina.\n\nprivate landing steps means steps that are used for launching and retrieving vessels and are not generally available for public use, but does not include private landing facilities or a facility associated with a commercial or private marina.\n\nprivate marina means an apparatus or structure located on or in a waterway that—\n\n> (a) is used for restraining 2 or more vessels, and\n\n> (b) is privately owned and not available for public use.\n\nprivate swimming enclosure means a net or other structure, other than a public water recreational facility, that is placed in the zoned waterway for the purposes of providing a protected swimming area and is not available for public use.\n\npublic boardwalk means a decked structure, supported by piers or piles, providing public pedestrian access extending over or beyond the intertidal zone, but does not include a structure intended to provide direct access to a vessel.\n\npublic water recreational facility means a waterfront structure primarily used for public recreation and may include a pier, wharf or boat launching ramp.\n\npublic water transport facility means a structure used primarily in connection with transporting the public by water.\n\nreclamation work means work involving—\n\n> (a) the filling or draining of submerged land for the purposes of reclaiming the land, or\n\n> (b) the filling of submerged land for the purposes of supporting a building or structure, including a bridge, being erected over the land.\n\nrecreational or club facility means a building or place used exclusively for sporting or leisure activities, whether operated for gain or not.\n\nregulated catchment means the following—\n\n> (a) the Sydney Drinking Water Catchment,\n\n> (b) the Sydney Harbour Catchment,\n\n> (c) the Georges River Catchment,\n\n> (d) the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment.\n\nRegulatory Authority, for Part 6.5—see section 6.59.\n\nriparian vegetation, for Part 6.2—see section 6.5.\n\nRiverine Scenic Area means an area identified on the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Biodiversity and Conservation) 2021 Hawkesbury-Nepean Riverine Scenic Area Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021) as—\n\n> (a) an area of local significance, or\n\n> (b) an area of regional significance, or\n\n> (c) an area of significance beyond the region.\n\nRocky Foreshores and Significant Seagrasses Map means the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Biodiversity and Conservation) 2021 Sydney Harbour Rocky Foreshores and Significant Seagrasses Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021).\n\nseabed clearance means the distance to the seabed from the underside of a floating boat platform.\n\nseagrass has the same meaning as in the [Fisheries Management Act 1994](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1994-038), section 205.\n\nshort-term rental accommodation has the same meaning as in [State Environmental Planning Policy (Housing) 2021](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2021-0714), Chapter 3, Part 6.\n\nsingle mooring means an apparatus or structure located on or in the zoned waterway and designed, constructed or used for restraining a single vessel, but does not include a mooring pen or a facility associated with a commercial marina.\n\nskid means an inclined ramp used for the manual launching of small craft, but does not include a slipway.\n\nslipway means a structure, usually in the form of 2 supported parallel rails on which a wheeled cradle is run, to draw a vessel out of the water for maintenance and repair, other than a structure that forms part of a boat building and repair facility or a commercial marina.\n\nSpecial Purposes (Commercial Marinas and Boat Building and Repair Facilities) Map means the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Biodiversity and Conservation) 2021 Sydney Harbour Special Purposes (Commercial Marinas and Boat Building and Repair Facilities) Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021).\n\nStandard Instrument means the standard instrument prescribed by the [Standard Instrument (Local Environmental Plans) Order 2006](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2006-0155).\n\nstrategic foreshore site, for Part 6.3, Division 5—see section 6.44.\n\nStrategic Foreshore Sites Map, for Part 6.3, Division 5—see section 6.44.\n\nSydney Drinking Water Catchment or Sydney drinking water catchment means the water catchment declared by section 6.60.\n\nSydney Harbour Catchment means the water catchment identified as the Sydney Harbour Catchment on the [Sydney Harbour Catchment Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021).\n\nSydney Harbour Catchment Map means the [State Environmental Planning Policy (Biodiversity and Conservation) 2021 Sydney Harbour Catchment Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021).\n\ntourist facility means a building or place, including a hotel or motel but not including a caravan park, that is used by tourists or holiday-makers for the purposes of holiday accommodation, sport or recreation, and includes—\n\n> (a) shops attached to or incorporated within the building or located at the place, and\n\n> (b) other facilities serving the needs of tourists and holiday-makers using the building or place.\n\nTfNSW means Transport for NSW constituted under the [Transport Administration Act 1988](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1988-109).\n\nview includes a night view.\n\nwater-based restaurant and entertainment facility means a vessel or structure that—\n\n> (a) floats on, or is fixed in, the zoned waterway, and\n\n> (b) is used as a club or restaurant or for entertainment on a commercial basis, and\n\n> (c) has a direct structural connection between the foreshore and the zoned waterway.\n\nwaterfront access stairs means stairs or a ramp used for pedestrian access to the foreshore, but does not include stairs or a ramp used for launching vessels or for providing direct access to a vessel on the zoned waterway.\n\nzoned waterway means the part of the Foreshores and Waterways Area in Zone 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9.\n\n**sch 6:** Subst 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\]. Am 2023 (458), Sch 3.1\\[2\\]; 2026 (79), Sch 1\\[51\\]–\\[56\\].","sortOrder":302},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 7","sectionType":"schedule","heading":null,"content":"# Schedule 7\n\nSchedules 7–14 (Repealed)\n\n**sch 7, hdg:** Am 2022 (248), Sch 2\\[7\\]. Rep 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\].\n\n**sch 7:** Rep 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\].\n\n**sch 8:** Rep 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\].\n\n**sch 9, hdg:** Subst 2022 (248), Sch 2\\[8\\]. Rep 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\].\n\n**sch 9:** Rep 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\].\n\n**sch 10, hdg:** Am 2022 (248), Sch 2\\[9\\]. Rep 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\].\n\n**sch 10:** Rep 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\].\n\n**sch 11, hdg:** Am 2022 (248), Sch 2\\[10\\]. Rep 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\].\n\n**sch 11:** Am 2022 (248), Sch 2\\[11\\]. Rep 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\].\n\n**sch 12:** Am 2022 (248), Sch 2\\[12\\]. Rep 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\].\n\n**sch 13:** Rep 2022 (629), Sch 1\\[2\\].\n\n**sch 14:** Rep 2021 (722), Sch 14.","sortOrder":303}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"Based on the volume and frequency of amendments (17 versions in under 4.5 years), it is highly likely the policy's scope has evolved materially from its original December 2021 form. Such amendment frequency in environmental planning instruments typically reflects expansions or contractions in coverage, changes to exemptions, and adjustments to offset requirements — indicating the scope has shifted beyond the original intent, though the specific nature of those changes cannot be confirmed from the metadata alone."},"complexity_factors":["The substantive text of the legislation is not included in the provided extract — only metadata and version history are visible, limiting full analysis","The policy has been amended 17 times in approximately 4 years (Dec 2021 – Mar 2026), creating a complex version history that practitioners must navigate","SEPPs of this type typically interact with multiple other pieces of legislation including the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016, Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, and Local Land Services Act 2013","Biodiversity offset mechanisms (calculating, paying, and satisfying offset obligations) are inherently technical and involve specialist ecological assessment","The policy applies across diverse land types and land uses statewide, requiring context-specific application rather than a one-size-fits-all approach","Frequent amendments mean rules applicable to a given development may depend on which version was in force at the time of the application","Consolidation of multiple predecessor planning policies adds interpretive complexity around transitional arrangements"],"plain_english_summary":"The SEPP is NSW’s statewide planning rule for protecting biodiversity and conservation areas, requiring development to account for threatened species, habitats and protected vegetation. It affects property developers, landowners, councils, state agencies, farmers and environmental consultants.\n\nIt sets assessment and offset requirements, protects sensitive areas and consolidates earlier rules — directly influencing approvals, costs and timelines. It’s been amended frequently, so check the current version."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":9,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The instrument has substantially broadened and consolidated scope beyond a narrow vegetation SEPP. What began (in predecessor SEPPs) as controls on vegetation in non‑rural areas and discrete koala SEPP provisions has been absorbed into a single, wider Biodiversity and Conservation SEPP that now: (a) incorporates koala habitat planning and mandatory koala plans of management (Chapters 3–4); (b) creates mapped regimes for Sydney Harbour foreshore and waterways with detailed zone objectives and land‑use tables (Part 6); (c) introduces riverine (River Murray) planning principles (Part 5); (d) imposes water‑catchment specific tests including the NorBE requirement and Regulatory Authority concurrence for the Sydney Drinking Water Catchment (ss 6.61–6.64); and (e) adds strategic conservation planning with Avoided Land, Strategic Conservation Area and Certified Urban Capable Land maps and a Ministerial process to modify biodiversity certification on request (Part 13, ss 13.4, 13.16C–13.16E). The SEPP therefore moves from a vegetation‑clearing control instrument to an integrated biodiversity, habitat, waterways and strategic conservation planning instrument with new market mechanisms (biodiversity credits) and centralized plan-approval steps."},"complexity_factors":["Length: multi‑part SEPP spanning many topics (vegetation clearing, koala habitat, Sydney Harbour foreshore, River Murray, regulated catchments, strategic conservation planning).","Extensive cross-references to at least a dozen other Acts and instruments (Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016; Local Land Services Act 2013; EP&A Act 1979; Fisheries Management Act 1994; Water NSW Act 2014; Standard Instrument Order, etc.).","Multiple decision-makers and approval streams (councils, Native Vegetation Panel, Planning Secretary, Minister, Regulatory Authority) with overlapping powers (ss 2.10–2.15, 4.11–4.14, 6.61–6.64).","Numerous defined terms and schedules across chapters (Schedules 1–6; many specialised definitions in Parts 2, 3, 4, 6 and 13).","Map-dependence: multiple named maps (Allowable Clearing Map; Foreshores and Waterways Area Map; Strategic Conservation Area Map; Avoided Land Map; Site Investigation Area map) whose content and updates change application (ss 2.5, 4.7, 6.4, 13.5).","Thresholds, staged processes and conditional rules (biodiversity offsets threshold, maximum clearing distances, staged clearing and staged credit retirement — ss 2.6, 2.15(6), 2.27).","Time limits and deemed refusals with appeal rights (council 28 days s 2.11(4)–(6); Panel 90 days s 2.21(1)–(3); appeals to Land & Environment Court ss 2.12, 2.22).","Nested exceptions and carve-outs (exemptions for asset protection zones, primary production land in certain zones, maintenance works, works by public authorities — e.g. ss 2.7, 2.26, 2.30, 13.7–13.11).","Discretionary credit adjustments and administrative discretion (Panel may vary credit retirement numbers with reasons — s 2.15(4); Planning Secretary and Minister approval powers for plans and maps).","Recent and multiple amendments over several years (2022–2026), adding schedules, maps and new substantive Chapters (e.g. Parts 5–6, Part 13), increasing cross-cutting complexity."],"plain_english_summary":"**What this policy does (mechanics first)\n\n- Establishes a single State Environmental Planning Policy (SEPP) that sets rules for protecting biodiversity, controlling clearing of vegetation in non-rural areas, managing koala habitat, and regulating development in sensitive waterways and catchments across NSW. (see Parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 13)\n\n- Makes clearing native vegetation in many non-rural areas subject to either: a local council permit (for vegetation declared in a council development control plan) or an approval from the Native Vegetation Panel when clearing exceeds the biodiversity offsets threshold. Clearing without the required permit/approval is prohibited (s 2.6, s 2.10, s 2.14). A biodiversity development assessment report is required for Panel approvals and retirement of biodiversity credits is usually compulsory before clearing can occur (s 2.15).\n\n- Requires survey, plans and approvals for areas used by koalas: councils must check whether land is potential koala habitat and, if so, whether it is core koala habitat; development on core koala habitat is only possible where an approved koala plan of management exists and consent is consistent with that plan (Chapters 3 and 4: ss 3.6–3.8, 4.11–4.14).\n\n- Introduces mapped zones and rules for Sydney Harbour foreshore & waterways (Foreshores and Waterways Area), the River Murray riverine land, and regulated water catchments (including the Sydney Drinking Water Catchment). These parts set specific development controls, consultation requirements and, for the Sydney catchment, a ‘neutral or beneficial effect’ (NorBE) test and mandatory concurrence from the water Regulatory Authority for many consents (Part 5; Part 6, ss 6.58–6.64).\n\n- Establishes strategic conservation planning: maps (Avoided Land, Strategic Conservation Areas, Certified Urban Capable Land, Land Reservation Acquisition Map) alter what development consent can be given, require biodiversity conservation measures or compensation (including revegetation or retiring biodiversity credits) and allow the Minister to initiate modification of biodiversity certification following a landowner request (Part 13, ss 13.4–13.16E).\n\nWho decides and who pays\n\n- Decision-makers: local councils (permits and most development consents) and the Native Vegetation Panel (approvals when clearing exceeds the biodiversity offsets threshold). The Planning Secretary and the Minister have approval and concurrence roles for koala plans, master plans and mapping-based measures (see s 2.13, ss 4.11–4.14, ss 6.47–6.50, ss 13.16C–13.16E).\n\n- Costs borne by private parties: landholders and applicants pay for surveys, biodiversity development assessment reports, koala surveys/plans, planning fees and (where required) purchase/retirement of biodiversity credits (s 2.15; s 2.18). Councils and public authorities incur implementation and enforcement costs (map maintenance, exhibition, consultation duties) (s 2.5, s 4.13, s 6.48).\n\nWhy it matters (stated purpose, then operational trade-offs)\n\n- Stated purpose: to protect biodiversity values (trees, native vegetation), conserve koala habitat and manage sensitive riverine and drinking-water catchments by imposing mapped rules, required surveys, plans of management and offset/compensation mechanisms (s 2.1; ss 3.1; ss 5.1–5.2; ss 6.58–6.61; s 13.2).\n\n- Practical effects and trade-offs:\n  - Regulatory burden and transaction costs: applicants must fund qualified surveys, prepare biodiversity development assessment reports and koala assessment reports, and may need to buy/retire biodiversity credits before clearing is authorised (ss 2.15, 3.6–3.7, 4.9). These are predictable additional costs and can delay projects (Panel decision timeframes, application deemed refused if not decided — s 2.21(3); council permit timings — s 2.11(4)–(6)).\n  - Limits on land-use flexibility: mapped designations (Avoided Land, Strategic Conservation Areas, Foreshores maps, Certified Urban Capable Land) restrict or condition development, limit subdivision in many cases, and impose minimum mitigation/compensation (ss 13.7–13.13; ss 6.26–6.27). That reduces unilateral owner freedom to clear or develop without consent.\n  - Centralised & local roles: the policy combines central decision rights (Planning Secretary, Native Vegetation Panel, Minister) with significant delegations to councils (councils can issue permits, and the Panel may delegate to a council — s 2.13(4)). This hybrid structure creates scope for variation in local implementation and for coordination needs between agencies (s 2.13(5), s 4.14(3)–(4), ss 6.64(1)–(3)).\n  - Economic substitution and project design changes: developers and landholders will re-design or relocate projects to avoid high-cost mapped areas (e.g. avoided land, core koala habitat, strategic conservation areas) or reduce clearing below thresholds to rely on council permits rather than Panel approvals (s 2.6–2.7). That can concentrate development on lower‑cost parcels and increase competition for them.\n  - Concentrated benefits, diffuse costs: conservation, biodiversity offsets and protected habitat produce concentrated benefits to conservation outcomes and entities acquiring conservation lands, while costs (compliance, reduced developable yield, higher offset prices) are paid by landowners and applicants. Where offsets are required (s 2.15), buyers of biodiversity credits benefit suppliers of credits.\n  - Discretion and variability: the Native Vegetation Panel may increase or reduce required biodiversity credit retirement with reasons (s 2.15(4)), and councils have local discretion about declaring vegetation to be regulated (s 2.9). That creates implementation risk and legal uncertainty for applicants.\n\nImplementation and compliance risks to watch (mechanisms, not judgments)\n\n- Reliance on maps and surveys: many provisions depend on maps and specialist surveys. Errors or disputes over mapping, survey methods and species identification can produce litigation or appeals (ss 2.5, 3.6–3.7, 4.11–4.13).\n- Multiple approvals and cross-references: approvals may also require other statutory authorisations (water permits, fisheries permits, environmental approvals). The SEPP does not remove those parallel approvals (note after s 2.4). This increases coordination and timing risk.\n- Timing and deemed refusals: statutory timeframes (council 28 days for permits — s 2.11(4); Panel 90 days for approvals — s 2.21(1)) with 'deemed refusal' consequences can create strategic behaviour and appeals to the Land & Environment Court (ss 2.11(6), 2.21(3), 2.12, 2.22).\n\nNet effect on private enterprise and choice (light prior)\n\n- Firms and landholders face higher upfront compliance costs (surveys, reports, offsets, fees) and potentially reduced developable area from mapped protections. That raises project costs, may slow approvals and can shift development toward less constrained locations.\n- At the same time, the policy creates a regulated market for biodiversity credits and clarifies pathways for permitted clearing (council permits, Panel approvals), which can reduce some uncertainty compared with ad hoc arrangements—but only if mapping, guidance and administrative processes are predictable and well-resourced (s 2.15, s 2.18).\n\nKey statutory references (examples)\n\n- Permit/approval requirement and thresholds: s 2.6; council permits s 2.10; Panel approvals s 2.14; biodiversity report & credits s 2.15; Panel fees s 2.18.\n- Koala habitat rules and plans of management: ss 3.6–3.8; plan preparation and approval ss 3.10–3.11; ss 4.11–4.14.\n- Sydney Drinking Water Catchment NorBE test & concurrence: ss 6.61–6.64.\n- Strategic conservation mapping and avoided land controls: Part 13 (ss 13.4–13.13).\n\nSummary sentence\n\nThis SEPP centralises and harmonises multiple biodiversity, koala-habitat and waterways controls into a single, map-driven regulatory framework that raises the procedural and cost requirements for clearing and development in many parts of NSW (survey, reports, offsets, plans), allocates decision power between councils, the Native Vegetation Panel and State agencies (Planning Secretary, Minister, Regulatory Authority), and links development outcomes to biodiversity-offset markets and mapped conservation priorities (see Parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 13)."},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":1058},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":9,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"This policy has grown significantly beyond its original scope. It began as a consolidation of vegetation clearing rules but has expanded to encompass: (1) comprehensive koala habitat protection across rural NSW, (2) River Murray riverine land management, (3) extensive Sydney Harbour foreshore zoning with 9 zones and heritage protection, (4) four major water catchment regulations with water quality requirements, and (5) strategic conservation planning for the Cumberland Plain including biodiversity certification processes. The 2022 and subsequent amendments added entirely new chapters (6 and 13) that were not part of the original policy intent, transforming it from a vegetation clearing instrument into a statewide biodiversity and conservation framework."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple overlapping chapters (13+) covering distinct subject matters with different geographic scopes","Extensive cross-referencing to other legislation including Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016, Local Land Services Act 2013, Water Management Act 2000, and Commonwealth EPBC Act","47+ defined terms in Chapter 6 alone, with multiple definition sections across chapters","Nested conditional logic: permit/approval requirements depend on vegetation type, location, zoning, biodiversity thresholds, and multiple exemption categories","Detailed mapping requirements with 15+ named maps that can be amended by separate instruments","Complex hierarchical assessment processes (e.g., Step 1/2/3 for koala habitat assessment)","Multiple consent authorities with different jurisdictions (councils, Native Vegetation Panel, Minister, Port Authority)","Staged approval requirements with biodiversity credit retirement obligations","Savings and transitional provisions preserving former policy instruments","Schedule-based technical specifications (tree species lists, voltage tables for power lines, maximum clearing distances)","Conditional development standards with exceptions (e.g., 100m buffer rules, flood planning area exclusions)","Strategic foreshore site master plan requirements with 13 mandatory content areas"],"plain_english_summary":"This is a major NSW environmental planning policy that consolidates and updates rules about protecting biodiversity, native vegetation, koala habitat, and sensitive waterways across the state.\n\n**What it does:**\n\n**1. Controls clearing of trees and vegetation (Part 2)**\n- In non-rural areas (Sydney metro and major regional centres), you generally need a **council permit** to clear vegetation, or **approval from the Native Vegetation Panel** for larger-scale clearing of native vegetation that exceeds biodiversity thresholds.\n- There are exemptions for routine farm maintenance, safety risks, dead trees, and Aboriginal cultural activities.\n- Special rules apply for primary production land in certain environmental zones (R5, C2, C3, C4), allowing limited clearing for fences, tracks, and utilities without permits.\n\n**2. Protects koala habitat (Parts 3 & 4)**\n- In designated rural areas, councils must assess whether land contains **\"potential koala habitat\"** (at least 15% koala food trees) and **\"core koala habitat\"** (where koalas actually live).\n- Development in core koala habitat generally requires an approved **koala plan of management**.\n- The policy lists specific tree species that koalas depend on across different regions of NSW.\n\n**3. Protects the River Murray (Part 5)**\n- Sets planning principles and development controls for the River Murray riverine environment.\n- Requires consultation with agencies for activities like dredging, marinas, flood control works, and wetland development.\n- Prohibits certain intensive uses on flood-prone land.\n\n**4. Regulates development in sensitive water catchments (Part 6)**\n- Applies to Sydney Drinking Water Catchment, Sydney Harbour, Georges River, and Hawkesbury-Nepean catchments.\n- Development must have **\"neutral or beneficial effect\"** on water quality.\n- Special zoning and controls apply to the **Foreshores and Waterways Area** (Sydney Harbour), with 9 different zones ranging from maritime commercial to scenic passive use.\n- Protects heritage items along Sydney Harbour foreshores.\n\n**5. Strategic conservation planning (Part 13)**\n- Establishes **\"avoided land\"** and **\"strategic conservation areas\"** in the Cumberland Plain (western Sydney growth area) where native vegetation is protected.\n- Facilitates biodiversity certification to allow development in some areas while protecting high-value conservation land.\n- Requires koala fences and fauna crossings for infrastructure.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n- Landholders wanting to clear trees or vegetation\n- Developers in koala habitat areas or near waterways\n- Councils assessing development applications\n- Infrastructure providers (roads, utilities)\n- Anyone proposing works on Sydney Harbour or the River Murray\n\n**Why it matters:**\nThis policy is a key tool for balancing urban development with environmental protection. It aims to stop the decline of koala populations, maintain water quality for drinking water catchments, protect sensitive river systems, and ensure clearing of native vegetation is properly assessed and offset."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021","history":"/api/acts/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021/history","analysis":"/api/acts/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/state-environmental-planning-policy-biodiversity-and-conservation-2021/documents"}}