{"id":"F2016L00837","name":"Standard No. 2 of 2016 The Setting of Interchange Fees in the Designated Debit and Prepaid Card Schemes and Net Payments to Issuers","slug":"standard-no-2-of-2016-the-setting-of-interchange-fees-in-the-designated-debit-and-prepaid-card-schem","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":129494,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2016L00837-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Standard No. 2 of 2016 The Setting of Interchange Fees in the Designated Debit and Prepaid Card Schemes and Net Payments to Issuers","content":"![Commonwealth Coat of Arms](image.001.png)\n\nStandard No. 2 of 2016 The Setting of Interchange Fees in the Designated Debit and Prepaid Card Schemes and Net Payments to Issuers\n\nmade under section 18 of the\n\nPayment Systems (Regulation) Act 1998\n\nCompilation No. 3\n\nCompilation date: 01/01/2022\n\nIncludes amendments up to: F2021L01575\n\nAbout this compilation\n\nThis compilation\n\nThis is a compilation of the Standard No. 2 of 2016 – The Setting of Interchange Fees in the Designated Debit and Prepaid Card Schemes and Net Payments to Issuer that shows the text of the law as amended and in force on 01/01/2022 (the compilation date).\n\nThe notes at the end of this compilation (the endnotes) include information about amending laws and the amendment history of provisions of the compiled law.\n\nUncommenced amendments\n\nThe effect of uncommenced amendments is not shown in the text of the compiled law. Any uncommenced amendments affecting the law are accessible on the Legislation Register (www.legislation.gov.au). The details of amendments made up to, but not commenced at, the compilation date are underlined in the endnotes. For more information on any uncommenced amendments, see the series page on the Legislation Register for the compiled law.\n\nApplication, saving and transitional provisions for provisions and amendments\n\nIf the operation of a provision or amendment of the compiled law is affected by an application, saving or transitional provision that is not included in this compilation, details are included in the endnotes.\n\nModifications\n\nIf the compiled law is modified by another law, the compiled law operates as modified but the modification does not amend the text of the law. Accordingly, this compilation does not show the text of the compiled law as modified. For more information on any modifications, see the series page on the Legislation Register for the compiled law.\n\nSelf‑repealing provisions\n\nIf a provision of the compiled law has been repealed in accordance with a provision of the law, details are included in the endnotes.\n\nStandard No. 2 of 2016\n\nThe Setting of Interchange Fees in the Designated Debit and Prepaid Card Schemes and Net Payments to Issuers\n\n1. Objective\n\nThe objective of this Standard is to ensure that the setting of interchange fees and payments and other transfers of valuable consideration having an equivalent object or effect to interchange fees in each designated debit card scheme and prepaid card scheme is transparent and promotes:\n\n efficiency; and\n\n competition\n\nin the Australian payments system.\n\n2. Application\n\n2.1 This Standard is determined under Section 18 of the Payment Systems (Regulation) Act 1998 (the Act).\n\n2.2 This Standard applies to each of the following, each of which is referred to in this Standard as a Scheme:\n\n(a) the payment system operated within Australia known as Visa Debit, which was designated under the Act as a payment system on 23 February 2004 and which is referred to in this Standard as Visa Debit;\n\n(b) the payment system operated within Australia known as Visa Prepaid, which was designated under the Act as a payment system on 15 October 2015 and which is referred to in this Standard as Visa Prepaid;\n\n(c) the payment system operated within Australia known as Debit MasterCard, which was designated under the Act as a payment system on 15 October 2015 and which is referred to in this Standard as Debit MasterCard;\n\n(d) the payment system operated within Australia known as MasterCard Prepaid, which was designated under the Act as a payment system on 15 October 2015 and which is referred to in this Standard as MasterCard Prepaid;\n\n(e) the debit card payment system operated within Australia known as the EFTPOS payment system, which was designated under the Act as a payment system on 12 June 2012 and which is referred to in this standard as the EFTPOS System; and\n\n(f) the prepaid card payment system operated within Australia under the EFTPOS Scheme Rules, which was designated under the Act as a payment system on 15 October 2015 and which is referred to in this standard as EFTPOS Prepaid.\n\n2.3 In this Standard:\n\nAbove Benchmark Reference Period has the meaning given to it in clause 4.2;\n\nAcquired includes accepted;\n\nAcquirer means a participant in a Scheme in Australia that:\n\n(a) provides services, directly or indirectly, to a Merchant to allow that Merchant to accept a Card of that Scheme; or\n\n(b) is a Merchant that accepts, or is a Related Body Corporate of a Merchant that accepts, a Card of that Scheme and bears risk as principal in relation to the payment obligations of the Issuer of that Card in relation to that acceptance;\n\nAssociated Entity has the meaning given by Section 50AAA of the Corporations Act 2001;\n\nBenefit means:\n\n(a) a payment, receipt, rebate, refund or allowance;\n\n(b) in relation to any Property or service received or receivable by a Direct Issuer Participant:\n\n(i) where there is a Regular Price for that Property or service, any discount or deduction from that price;\n\n(ii) where there is not a Regular Price for that Property or service, an amount by which the Fair Value of the Property or service exceeds the payment or other similar financial consideration made or given for it by the Direct Issuer Participant; and\n\n(c) a benefit (however named or described) of a similar nature to, or having the same effect as, a benefit of the kind specified in (a) or (b) above;\n\nCard Account means, in relation to a Card of a Scheme, the account that is debited when that Device is used to purchase goods or services;\n\nCard of a Scheme or Card of that Scheme means a Debit Card of a Scheme or a Prepaid Card of a Scheme;\n\nCard of a Scheme Pair means a Card of a Scheme that is part of a Scheme Pair;\n\nCard Transaction means a Debit Card Transaction or a Prepaid Card Transaction;\n\nCommencement Date means 1 July 2017;\n\nCore Service means, in relation to a Scheme, a service provided by the administrator of the Scheme in Australia or any of its Associated Entities that meets the requirements in the following paragraphs (a), (b) and (c):\n\n    (a) the service is used by a participant in the Scheme in Australia in relation to Devices of the Scheme that can be used to make payments for goods or services by:\n    (i) accessing a deposit account held at an authorised deposit-taking institution or a bank or other financial institution; or\n    (ii) using a store of value that has been prepaid or pre-funded,\n\nor in relation to transactions initiated using those Devices; and\n\n(b) without the service it would not be possible for a Direct Issuer Participant to be an Issuer or for another entity to be an Issuer through Sponsorship by a Direct Issuer Participant of the Scheme; and\n\n(c) the service (however named or described) relates to one or more of the following (each a Core Function) and only to one or more Core Functions:\n\n(i) the licensing of the Scheme’s brands and other intellectual property owned by, or licensed to, the administrator of the Scheme in Australia or any of its Associated Entities, a licence (or sub-licence) of which is required in order to be a participant in the Scheme;\n\n(ii) connection to, and/or maintenance of a connection to, the systems to which it is necessary to connect in order to be a participant in the Scheme;\n\n(iii) transaction processing (including processing of charge-back transactions);\n\n(iv) clearing and settlement (including clearing and settlement of charge-back transactions);\n\n(v) authentication;\n\n(vi) authorisation;\n\n(vii) stand-in processing, clearing and settlement;\n\n(viii) fraud prevention; and\n\n(ix) handling, investigating and settling disputes, and requests or claims for chargebacks, raised by holders of Devices.\n\nA service will relate only to one or more Core Functions for the purpose of this paragraph (c) even if it involves or includes incidental services necessary to support one or more Core Functions;\n\nCredit Card Scheme means each payment system referred to as a ‘Scheme’ under Standard No. 1 of 2016 The Setting of Interchange Fees in the Designated Credit Card Schemes and Net Payments to Issuers;\n\nDebit Card of a Scheme or Debit Card of that Scheme means, in relation to a Scheme, a Device issued by a participant in the Scheme in Australia under the Rules of the Scheme that can be used to make payments for goods or services by accessing a deposit account held at an authorised deposit-taking institution or a bank or other financial institution;\n\nDebit Card Scheme means Visa Debit, Debit MasterCard or the EFTPOS System;\n\nDebit Card Transaction means, in relation to a Scheme, a transaction in that Scheme between a holder of a Debit Card of that Scheme and a Merchant involving the purchase of goods or services (whether or not it also involves the obtaining of cash) using a Debit Card of that Scheme that is Acquired by an Acquirer (but does not include any transaction to reverse such a transaction or provide a credit or make a chargeback in relation to such a transaction);\n\nDevice means any card, plate or other payment code or device, including a code or device where no physical card or other embodiment is issued and a code or device used or to be used for only one transaction;\n\nDirect Issuer Participant means, in relation to a Scheme, a participant in that Scheme in Australia as an Issuer, or as a Sponsor for one or more Issuers, that is not an Indirect Issuer Participant in that Scheme in Australia. Without limitation, for:\n\n(a) Debit MasterCard and MasterCard Prepaid this means any Principal Customer or Association Customer, each as defined in the Rules of the Scheme, in its capacity as Issuer or as Sponsor for one or more Issuers;\n\n(b) VISA Debit and Visa Prepaid this means any Principal-Type Member as defined in the Rules of the Scheme in its capacity as Issuer or as Sponsor for one or more Issuers; or\n\n(c) EFTPOS System and EFTPOS Prepaid this means:\n\n(i) any eftpos Issuer that is not an Indirect Settler; or\n\n(ii) any Settlement Agent,\n\nwith each of those expressions having the meaning given in the Rules of the Scheme;\n\nDirect Issuer Participant Payments has the meaning given to it in clause 5.2;\n\nDirect Issuer Participant Receipts has the meaning given to it in clause 5.2;\n\nDual-Network Debit Card or DNDC means a Debit Card of a Scheme (the ‘First Scheme’) that incorporates the functionality necessary to enable a transaction between the holder of the Device and a Merchant to be processed through:\n\n    (a) the payment network of the First Scheme; or\n    (b) the payment network of one or more of:\n    (i) the other Debit Card Schemes; and\n    (ii) any other payment system under which the holder of a Device may, using that Device, initiate or effect a transaction to make payments for goods or services by accessing a deposit account held at an authorised deposit-taking institution or a bank or other financial institution (whether or not the transaction also involves the obtaining of cash) provided that other payment system is not administered by the administrator of the First Scheme or any Associated Entity of the administrator of the First Scheme;\n\nEFTPOS Scheme Rules are the rules promulgated under the constitution of EFTPOS Payments Australia Limited (ABN 37 136 180 366) and any schedule, document, specification or rule published by EFTPOS Payments Australia Limited pursuant to those rules;\n\nFair Value means, in relation to any Property or service:\n\n(a) subject to paragraph (b), the amount that would be paid to acquire the Property or service in an orderly transaction between independent, unrelated and well informed parties at the earlier of:\n\n(i) the date the Property or service was first provided; and\n\n(ii) the date the Property or service was committed to be provided,\n\nto the Direct Issuer Participant; but\n\n(b) if at any subsequent time the amount that would be paid to acquire the Property or service in an orderly transaction between independent, unrelated and well informed parties (Revised Value) is materially different from the amount determined in accordance with paragraph (a) (or, if any adjustment is made in accordance with this paragraph (b), the most recent such adjustment), the Fair Value may be adjusted to that Revised Value provided:\n\n(i) use of that Revised Value as Fair Value is fair and reasonable and consistent with the objective of this Standard; and\n\n(ii) the Fair Value may be adjusted to a Revised Value no more than once in a Reporting Period;\n\nIncentive Test: a Benefit meets the Incentive Test in relation to a Scheme Pair if it is given for a purpose of, or has or will likely have the effect of, any one or more of the following:\n\n(a) incentivising the entry into of a contract relating to the issue of Cards of any Scheme in the Scheme Pair;\n\n(b) promoting or incentivising the issuance or use of Cards of any Scheme in the Scheme Pair; or\n\n(c) providing or funding incentives to holders of Cards of any Scheme in the Scheme Pair to use those cards.\n\nBenefits that meet the Incentive Test in relation to a Scheme Pair include lump-sum, volume based and transaction-specific Benefits such as:\n\n(i) incentives to market Cards of any Scheme in the Scheme Pair; and\n\n(ii) any of the following earned, accrued or receivable by a Direct Issuer Participant for agreeing to issue Cards of any Scheme in the Scheme Pair or for Card Transactions undertaken in any Scheme in the Scheme Pair meeting or exceeding a specific transaction volume, percentage share or dollar amount of transactions processed:\n\n(A) a rebate on any fees or other costs or charges, whether for a Core Service or for any other product or service;\n\n(B) a discount from the Regular Price of any Property or service, whether the Property or service is related to Cards of any Scheme in the Scheme Pair or not;\n\nIndirect Issuer Participant means, in relation to a Scheme, a participant in that Scheme in Australia as an Issuer that participates in the Scheme in Australia as Issuer through the Sponsorship of another participant in that Scheme. Without limitation, for:\n\n(a) Debit MasterCard and MasterCard Prepaid this means any Affiliate Customer as defined in the Rules of the Scheme in its capacity as Issuer; or\n\n(b) VISA Debit and Visa Prepaid this means any Participant-Type Member or Associate-Type Member, each as defined in the Rules of the Scheme, in its capacity as Issuer; or\n\n(c) EFTPOS System and EFTPOS Prepaid this means any eftpos Issuer that is an Indirect Settler, with each of those expressions having the meaning given in the Rules of the Scheme;\n\nInitial Reporting Period means, in relation to a New Issuer, the period commencing on the first date on which any Direct Issuer Participant Payments or Direct Issuer Participant Receipts were paid, became payable, were earned or accrued, or became receivable by or to the New Issuer (as applicable) and ending on the last day of the first full Reporting Period following Public Launch by that New Issuer;\n\nInterchange Fee Category has the meaning given to it in clause 4.1(b);\n\nInterchange Fees means in relation to a Scheme, wholesale fees, known as interchange fees, which are payable between an Issuer and an Acquirer, directly or indirectly, in relation to Card Transactions in the Scheme but excluding any such fees to the extent that they are referable only to the obtaining of cash by the Card holder;\n\nInternational Card Transaction means, in relation to a Scheme, a transaction in that Scheme that:\n\n    (a) is between a holder of a Device issued by an International Issuer and a merchant in Australia;\n    (b) involves the purchase of goods or services (whether or not it also involves the obtaining of cash); and\n    (c) is Acquired by an Acquirer,\n\nbut does not include any transaction to reverse such a transaction or provide a credit or make a chargeback in relation to such a transaction;\n\nInternational Interchange Fees means, in relation to a Scheme, wholesale fees, known as interchange fees, which are payable between an International Issuer and an Acquirer, directly or indirectly, in relation to International Card Transactions in the Scheme but excluding any such fees to the extent that they are referable only to the obtaining of cash by the Device holder;\n\nInternational Interchange Fee Category means a category of International Card Transactions in relation to which a particular International Interchange Fee applies, which may be:\n\n    (a) determined by reference to the nature of the holder or type of the Device, the identity or nature of the merchant, the means of effecting the transaction, the security or authentication that applies or any other matters; or\n    (b) a residual category covering transactions not in any other category;\n\nInternational Issuer means a participant in a Scheme that has a contractual relationship with its customers under which it issues Devices of the Scheme to those customers or their nominees but that is not an Issuer;\n\nInternational Multilateral Interchange Fee means, in relation to a Scheme, an International Interchange Fee that is determined by an administrator of the Scheme or any of its Associated Entities and applies regardless of the identity of the Acquirer or International Issuer paying or receiving the International Interchange Fee;\n\nIssuer means a participant in a Scheme in Australia that has a contractual relationship with its customers under which it issues Debit Cards of a Scheme or Prepaid Cards of a Scheme (as the case may be) to those customers or their nominees;\n\nMerchant means, in relation to a Scheme, a merchant in Australia that accepts a Card of that Scheme for payment for goods or services;\n\nMultilateral Interchange Fee means, in relation to a Scheme, an Interchange Fee that is determined by an administrator of the Scheme and applies regardless of the identity of the Acquirer or Issuer paying or receiving the Interchange Fee;\n\nNet Compensation has the meaning given to it in clause 5.1;\n\nNew Issuer means a Direct Issuer Participant in a Scheme that has not, before commencing the issue of any Cards of that Scheme, issued in Australia any Devices of any other Scheme or any Credit Card Scheme;\n\nPublic Launch in relation to a New Issuer, occurs when the New Issuer begins offering to issue Cards of a Scheme to its intended customer base and will not be taken to have occurred when a New Issuer has only issued Cards of that Scheme to its staff or a select group of its customers or other persons as part of a trial or test phase;\n\nPrepaid Card of a Scheme or Prepaid Card of that Scheme means, in relation to a Scheme, a Device issued by a participant in the Scheme in Australia under the Rules of the Scheme that can be used to make payments for goods or services using a store of value that has been prepaid or pre-funded and is accessible to make payments for goods or services only through the use of that, or a linked or related, Device;\n\nPrepaid Card Transaction means, in relation to a Scheme, a transaction in that Scheme between a holder of a Prepaid Card of that Scheme and a Merchant involving the purchase of goods or services (whether or not it also involves the obtaining of cash) using a Prepaid Card of that Scheme that is Acquired by an Acquirer (but does not include any transaction to reverse such a transaction or provide a credit or make a chargeback in relation to such a transaction);\n\nProperty means any property including any good and any proprietary right or interest;\n\nQuarter means a 3 month period ending on 30 June, 30 September, 31 December or 31 March;\n\nReference Period means a 12 month period ending on the last day of a Quarter;\n\nRegular Price means, in relation to Property or a service, a supplier and a Direct Issuer Participant at any time, the price at which the supplier is regularly supplying Property or services of the same description to entities of a class, group or type that includes the Direct Issuer Participant at that time;\n\nRelated Body Corporate has the meaning given in the Corporations Act 2001;\n\nRelevant Portion has the meaning given to it in clause 5.2;\n\nReporting Period means a 12 month period ending 30 June;\n\nRules of a Scheme or Rules of the Scheme means the constitution, rules, by-laws, procedures and instruments of the relevant Scheme as applied in Australia, and any other arrangement relating to the Scheme by which participants in that Scheme in Australia are, or consider themselves to be, bound;\n\nScheme Benchmark is 8.0 cents;\n\nScheme Pair means:\n\n(a) VISA Debit and VISA Prepaid;\n\n(b) Debit MasterCard and MasterCard Prepaid; or\n\n(c) EFTPOS System and EFTPOS Prepaid;\n\nScheme Pair Transaction has the meaning given in clause 5.1;\n\nSponsor means:\n\n(a) in relation to a Scheme which is VISA Debit, VISA Prepaid, Debit MasterCard or MasterCard Prepaid, a participant in the Scheme in Australia who has accepted responsibility in whole or in part for, or to act as agent for, another entity under and in accordance with the Rules of the Scheme so that the other entity may participate in the Scheme; and\n\n(b) in relation to a Scheme which is EFTPOS System or EFTPOS Prepaid, a participant in the Scheme in Australia who has accepted responsibility to carry out settlement (the process of exchanging value to discharge payment obligations between Issuers and Acquirers), directly or indirectly, on behalf of one or more other entities,\n\nand Sponsorship has a corresponding meaning;\n\nSNDC Transaction means a Debit Card Transaction that is not effected using a DNDC;\n\ninclude or including or such as when introducing an example do not limit the meaning of the words to which the example relates to that example or examples of a similar kind; and\n\nterms defined in the Act have the same meaning in this Standard.\n\n2.4 For the purposes of this Standard:\n\n(a) a provision of a plan, arrangement or agreement shall be deemed to have a particular purpose if the provision was included in the plan, arrangement or agreement by a party or parties for purposes that include that purpose and that purpose was a substantial purpose; and\n\n(b) conduct including the payment or receipt of a fee or the giving of a benefit or other valuable consideration shall be deemed to have been made for a particular purpose if the person undertaking the conduct, payment or receipt did so for purposes that include that purpose and that purpose was a substantial purpose.\n\n2.5 Each participant in a Scheme must do all things necessary on its part to ensure compliance with this Standard.\n\n2.6 If any part of this Standard is invalid, this Standard is ineffective only to the extent of such part without invalidating the remaining parts of this Standard.\n\n2.7 This Standard is to be interpreted:\n\n(a) in accordance with its objective; and\n\n(b) by looking beyond form to substance.\n\n2.8 For the purposes of this Standard, an Interchange Fee paid from an Acquirer to an Issuer is to be expressed as a positive number and an Interchange Fee paid from an Issuer to an Acquirer is to be expressed as a negative number.\n\n2.9 On the Commencement Date this Standard replaces each of the following Standards:\n\n(a) The Setting of Interchange Fees in the Visa Debit Payment System; and\n\n(b) Interchange Fees in the EFTPOS System.\n\nNeither the registration nor the terms of this Standard affect those standards before the Commencement Date.\n\n3. Anti-Avoidance\n\nA participant in a Scheme must not, either alone or together with one or more other persons, enter into, begin to carry out or carry out a plan or arrangement or otherwise be knowingly involved in a plan or arrangement if it would be concluded that the person did so for a purpose of avoiding the application of this Standard, and the plan or arrangement or part of the plan or arrangement has achieved or would but for this provision have achieved or could reasonably be considered to have achieved that purpose.\n\n4. Interchange Fees\n\n4.1 (a) An Interchange Fee (exclusive of goods and services tax) in relation to a Card Transaction must:\n\n(i) where the Interchange Fee is a fixed amount per transaction, not exceed 10.0 cents; or\n\n(ii) where the Interchange Fee is calculated by reference to the value or amount of the transaction, not exceed 0.200 per cent of that amount or value.\n\n(b) If an Interchange Fee applies in relation to a category of Card Transactions (whether that category is determined by reference to the nature of the holder, or type of the Card of the Scheme, the identity or nature of the Merchant, the means of effecting the transaction, the security or authentication that applies or any other matter, or is a residual category covering transactions not in any other category) (Interchange Fee Category), that Interchange Fee must be:\n\n(i) a percentage of the value of the Card Transaction to which it relates; or\n\n(ii) a fixed amount,\n\napplying to all Card Transactions in the category, and cannot be expressed as a range of rates or amounts.\n\n4.2 If:\n\n(a) in relation to a Scheme:\n\n(i) the total value of Interchange Fees (exclusive of goods and services tax) payable in relation to Card Transactions undertaken in the Scheme during a Reference Period divided by the number of those Card Transactions exceeds the Scheme Benchmark; and\n\n(ii) for the Scheme Pair of which the Scheme referred to in sub-paragraph (a)(i) forms part, the total value of Interchange Fees (exclusive of goods and services tax) payable in relation to Card Transactions undertaken in each of the Schemes in the Scheme Pair during the Reference Period divided by the number of those Card Transactions exceeds the Scheme Benchmark; or\n\n(b) in relation to a Debit Card Scheme, the total value of Interchange Fees (exclusive of goods and services tax) payable in relation to SNDC Transactions undertaken in the Scheme during a Reference Period divided by the number of those SNDC Transactions exceeds the Scheme Benchmark,\n\nthat Reference Period will be an Above Benchmark Reference Period for the Scheme referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) above (as applicable) and the participants in that Scheme must take all necessary steps to vary the rates or amounts of Interchange Fees applicable under that Scheme, with effect no later than 2 months and 1 day after the end of the Above Benchmark Reference Period, to rates or amounts such that, had those varied rates or amounts applied under the Scheme during the Above Benchmark Reference Period, that Reference Period would not have been an Above Benchmark Reference Period for that Scheme unless, in relation to a Scheme referred to in paragraph (a) above:\n\n(c) prior to the end of that period of 2 months and 1 day, a variation to the rates or amounts of Interchange Fees applicable under the other Scheme in the Scheme Pair takes effect; and\n\n(d) the varied Interchange Fees referred to in paragraph (c) are such that, had they applied under that other Scheme during the Above Benchmark Reference Period, the Reference Period would not have been an Above Benchmark Reference Period.\n\n4.3 If at any time any Interchange Fee applicable under a Scheme is introduced or removed, or the rate or amount of any Interchange Fee under a Scheme is varied, the Interchange Fees applicable under that Scheme following that change must be such that, had they applied for the whole of the most recent Reference Period prior to the date of the change, that Reference Period would not have been an Above Benchmark Reference Period. Nothing in this clause 4.3 limits clause 4.2.\n\n5. Net Payments to Direct Issuer Participants\n\n5.1 Subject to clause 6.5, no Direct Issuer Participant in a Scheme may receive, directly or indirectly, Net Compensation in relation to Card Transactions undertaken in any of the Schemes in the Scheme Pair of which that Scheme forms part (Scheme Pair Transactions). Net Compensation is received by a Direct Issuer Participant if the Direct Issuer Participant Receipts of the Direct Issuer Participant for that Scheme Pair in respect of a Reporting Period exceed the Direct Issuer Participant Payments of the Direct Issuer Participant for that Scheme Pair in respect of that Reporting Period.\n\n5.2 For the purpose of this clause 5:\n\n(a) subject to paragraphs (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g), Direct Issuer Participant Receipts of the Direct Issuer Participant for a Scheme Pair and a Reporting Period is the total of the Benefits that meet the Incentive Test in relation to that Scheme Pair that are earned or accrued during, or receivable in respect of, the Reporting Period by the Direct Issuer Participant and payable, allowable or otherwise to be provided, directly or indirectly, by the administrator in Australia of any Scheme in the Scheme Pair or any of the Associated Entities of any administrator in Australia of any Scheme in the Scheme Pair but, if such an Associated Entity is an Acquirer, excluding Interchange Fees;\n\n(b) subject to paragraphs (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g), Direct Issuer Participant Payments of the Direct Issuer Participant for a Scheme Pair and a Reporting Period is the total amount paid or payable, directly or indirectly, by the Direct Issuer Participant to or in favour of the administrator in Australia of any Scheme in the Scheme Pair or any of the Associated Entities of any administrator in Australia of any Scheme in the Scheme Pair in relation to Core Services provided during or in respect of the Reporting Period for any of the Cards of the Schemes in the Scheme Pair or Scheme Pair Transactions.\n\n(c) if a Benefit referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) does not relate solely to Cards of any Scheme in the Scheme Pair or Scheme Pair Transactions and also relates to other Devices or other transactions:\n\n(i) the Benefit must be apportioned between:\n\n(A) the Cards of any Scheme in the Scheme Pair and Scheme Pair Transactions on the one hand; and\n\n(B) the other Devices and other transactions on the other,\n\nfairly and reasonably, having regard to, where relevant, the transaction history on Devices used in the payment systems to which the Benefit relates and the proportion of the Devices to which the Benefit relates that are Cards of a Scheme in the Scheme Pair issued by the Direct Issuer Participant or by any Indirect Issuer Participant through Sponsorship by that Direct Issuer Participant; and\n\n(ii) the portion referable to Cards of any Scheme in the Scheme Pair and Scheme Pair Transactions determined in accordance with sub-paragraph (i) (the Relevant Portion) must be included in the determination of Direct Issuer Participant Receipts or Direct Issuer Participant Payments, as applicable;\n\n(d) one method of apportionment under clause 5.2(c) that will be fair and reasonable for the purpose of that provision is an apportionment on a pro-rata basis, based on the value of Scheme Pair Transactions using Cards of any Scheme in the relevant Scheme Pair during the Reporting Period as a proportion of the total value of the transactions undertaken in any payment system to which the Benefit relates during the Reporting Period. This does not preclude an apportionment in another way that meets the requirements of clause 5.2(c);\n\n(e) where a Benefit referred to in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) relates to a period that spans more than one Reporting Period, the Benefit or, in the case of a Benefit referred to in paragraph (c), the Relevant Portion of the Benefit, may be allocated among Reporting Periods, in which case the allocation must:\n\n(i) be on a pro-rata basis based on the number of months in each relevant Reporting Period to which the Benefit relates if an allocation on that basis would fairly and reasonably align the Benefit to the activity to which the Benefit relates; or\n\n(ii) otherwise on some other basis that fairly and reasonably aligns the allocation of the Benefit to the activity to which the Benefit relates,\n\nin each case provided that:\n\n(iii) no part of it is allocated to any Reporting Period the whole of which occurs before the term of the contract or arrangement under which the Benefit is payable, receivable or allowable has commenced;\n\n(iv) no part of it is allocated to any Reporting Period the whole of which occurs after the term of the contract or arrangement under which the Benefit is payable, receivable or allowable has ended; and\n\n(v) it may not be allocated among more than 10 consecutive Reporting Periods;\n\n(f) a Direct Issuer Participant who adopts a particular method permitted by clause 5.2 of this Standard of:\n\n(i) determining whether and to what extent:\n\n(A) Benefits are earned or accrued during, or are receivable in respect of, a Reporting Period for the purposes of paragraph 5.2(a); or\n\n(B) Core Services are provided during or in respect of a Reporting Period for the purposes of paragraph 5.2(b); or\n\n(ii) allocating or apportioning Benefits for the purpose of paragraph (c), (d) or (e),\n\nmust, unless the Reserve Bank of Australia otherwise agrees in writing, continue to use the same method consistently from one Reporting Period to the next; and\n\n(g) for the purpose of this clause 5, a Direct Issuer Participant must ensure that:\n\n(i) a Benefit paid, allowed or otherwise provided, directly or indirectly, by the administrator of a Scheme in Australia or any of its Associated Entities that meets the Incentive Test in relation to the Scheme Pair of which that Scheme is part is included as a Direct Issuer Participant Receipt in the calculation of Net Compensation in respect of a Reporting Period; and\n\n(ii) an amount treated as a Direct Issuer Participant Payment in the calculation of Net Compensation in respect of a Reporting Period is not included as a Direct Issuer Participant Payment in the calculation of Net Compensation for any other Reporting Period.\n\n6. Reporting and Transparency\n\n6.1 An administrator of a Scheme in Australia or a representative of the participants in the Scheme in Australia must publish on the Scheme’s website:\n\n(a) the Multilateral Interchange Fee rates or amounts (whichever is applicable) of the Scheme in Australia, including the rates or amounts for each Interchange Fee Category; and\n\n(b) the International Multilateral Interchange Fee rates or amounts (whichever is applicable) of the Scheme, including the rates or amounts for each International Interchange Fee Category.\n\n6.2 Each:\n\n(a) Acquirer; and\n\n(b) Issuer that is a Direct Issuer Participant,\n\nthat is a party to an agreement with one or more other participants in a Scheme to pay or receive Interchange Fees in relation to Card Transactions in the Scheme that are not Multilateral Interchange Fees must report to the Reserve Bank of Australia by 31 July each year the range of Interchange Fee rates or amounts (whichever is applicable) it received or paid in respect of the most recent Reporting Period. The Reserve Bank of Australia may publish the reported range of these Interchange Fees for the Scheme on its website.\n\n6.3 An administrator of a Scheme in Australia or a representative of the participants in the Scheme in Australia must on or before 31 July each year certify in writing to the Reserve Bank of Australia in respect of the most recent Reporting Period, that Interchange Fees of the Scheme in Australia were during that Reporting Period in compliance with this Standard.\n\n6.4 Subject to clause 6.5, each of an administrator of a Scheme in Australia and each Direct Issuer Participant in the Scheme in Australia must on or before 31 July each year certify in writing to the Reserve Bank of Australia that it was, in respect of the most recent Reporting Period, in compliance with clause 5.\n\n6.5 Where a Direct Issuer Participant in a Scheme is a New Issuer, each of the administrator of the Scheme in Australia and the New Issuer will be taken to have complied with its obligations under clause 5 and clause 6.4 in respect of the period prior to and including the Initial Reporting Period if it:\n\n(a) complies with clause 5 as if each reference to ‘Reporting Period’ is read as a reference to the Initial Reporting Period; and\n\n(b) certifies in writing to the Reserve Bank of Australia that it was, in respect of the Initial Reporting Period, in compliance with clause 5 read as specified in clause 6.5(a) and provides such certification on or before 31 July in the year that the Initial Reporting Period ends.\n\n6.6 An administrator of a Scheme in Australia or a representative of the participants of the Scheme in Australia must, not later than 30 days after the end of each Quarter, certify in writing to the Reserve Bank of Australia each of the following for that Quarter for the Scheme (and in the case of paragraph (f), the relevant Scheme Pair):\n\n(a) the total value of Card Transactions undertaken in the Scheme in that Quarter;\n\n(b) the number of Card Transactions undertaken in the Scheme in that Quarter;\n\n(c) the total value of all Interchange Fees (exclusive of goods and services tax) payable in respect of the Card Transactions undertaken in the Scheme during that Quarter;\n\n(d) the total value of Interchange Fees (exclusive of goods and services tax) payable in respect of Card Transactions undertaken in the Scheme during the Quarter divided by the total number of the Card Transactions undertaken in the Scheme during the Quarter;\n\n(e) in relation to a Debit Card Scheme:\n\n(i) the total value of SNDC Transactions undertaken in the Scheme in that Quarter;\n\n(ii) the number of SNDC Transactions undertaken in the Scheme in that Quarter;\n\n(iii) the total value of all Interchange Fees (exclusive of goods and services tax) payable in respect of SNDC Transactions undertaken in the Scheme during that Quarter; and\n\n(iv) the total value of Interchange Fees (exclusive of goods and services tax) payable in respect of SNDC Transactions undertaken in the Scheme during the Quarter divided by the total number of the SNDC Transactions undertaken in the Scheme during the Quarter;\n\n(f) the total value of Interchange Fees (exclusive of goods and services tax) payable in respect of Scheme Pair Transactions undertaken in the Schemes that form part of that Scheme Pair during the Quarter divided by the total number of the Scheme Pair Transactions undertaken in the Schemes that form part of that Scheme Pair during the Quarter; and\n\n(g) each Interchange Fee Category that applied for some or all of the Quarter and, for each of those categories:\n\n(i) the Interchange Fee rates or amounts (whichever is applicable) that applied during the Quarter (expressed as a percentage or an amount, not as a range); and\n\n(ii) the total value of Interchange Fees (exclusive of goods and services tax) payable in respect of that Quarter that are referable to Card Transactions undertaken in the Scheme in that Quarter in that category.\n\n7. Commencement and Implementation\n\n7.1 This Standard came into force on the Commencement Date, but certain provisions in it had a transitional application as set out in clause 7 of this Standard as at the Commencement Date.\n\n7.2 Subject to clauses 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6, on and from 1 January 2022, each participant in a Scheme must comply with this Standard as varied with effect from that date.\n\n7.3 For the avoidance of doubt and without limiting clause 7.2, an administrator of a Debit Card Scheme in Australia or a representative of the participants of the Debit Card Scheme in Australia must comply with clause 6.6(e) in respect of the Quarter ending 31 March 2022 and all subsequent Quarters. Nothing in clause 7.5 limits this obligation.\n\n7.4 Clause 4.1(a)(i) will not apply until 1 February 2022, on which date that clause will commence to apply. For the period from and including 1 January 2022 to 31 January 2022, an Interchange Fee (exclusive of goods and services tax) in relation to a Card Transaction must, where the Interchange Fee is a fixed amount per transaction, not exceed 15.0 cents.\n\n7.5 Clause 4.2(b) and the provisions of clause 4.2 that apply as a consequence of the operation of clause 4.2(b) will not apply in respect of any Reference Period prior to the Reference Period ending on 31 December 2022. For the avoidance of doubt, participants in each Debit Card Scheme must comply with all of the provisions of clause 4.2 (as varied with effect from 1 January 2022) in respect of the Reference Period ending on 31 December 2022 and all subsequent Reference Periods.\n\n7.6 An administrator of a Scheme in Australia or a representative of the participants in the Scheme in Australia must comply with clause 6.3 in respect of the Reporting Period ending on 30 June 2022 by certifying that:\n\n(a) Interchange Fees of the Scheme in Australia were during the period from and including 1 July 2021 to 31 December 2021 in compliance with this Standard as in effect on 31 December 2021; and\n\n(b) Interchange Fees of the Scheme in Australia were during the period from and including 1 January 2022 to 30 June 2022 in compliance with this Standard as in effect on and from 1 January 2022, including that:\n\n(i) for the period from and including 1 January 2022 to 31 January 2022, Interchange Fees of the Scheme in Australia were in compliance with clause 7.4 of this Standard; and\n\n(ii) for the period from and including 1 February 2022 to 30 June 2022, Interchange Fees of the Scheme in Australia were in compliance with clause 4.1(a)(i) of this Standard.\n\n> Note: Endnotes\n\n> Note: Endnote 1—About the endnotes\n\nThe endnotes provide information about this compilation and the compiled law.\n\nThe following endnotes are included in every compilation:\n\nEndnote 1—About the endnotes\n\nEndnote 2—Abbreviation key\n\nEndnote 3—Legislation history\n\nEndnote 4—Amendment history\n\nAbbreviation key—Endnote 2\n\nThe abbreviation key sets out abbreviations that may be used in the endnotes.\n\nLegislation history and amendment history—Endnotes 3 and 4\n\nAmending laws are annotated in the legislation history and amendment history.\n\nThe legislation history in endnote 3 provides information about each law that has amended (or will amend) the compiled law. The information includes commencement details for amending laws and details of any application, saving or transitional provisions that are not included in this compilation.\n\nThe amendment history in endnote 4 provides information about amendments at the provision (generally section or equivalent) level. It also includes information about any provision of the compiled law that has been repealed in accordance with a provision of the law.\n\nMisdescribed amendments\n\nA misdescribed amendment is an amendment that does not accurately describe the amendment to be made. If, despite the misdescription, the amendment can be given effect as intended, the amendment is incorporated into the compiled law and the abbreviation “(md)” added to the details of the amendment included in the amendment history.\n\nIf a misdescribed amendment cannot be given effect as intended, the abbreviation “(md not incorp)” is added to the details of the amendment included in the amendment history.\n\n> Note: Endnote 2—Abbreviation key\n\n|                                                | o = order(s)                        |\n| ---------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |\n| ad = added or inserted                         | Ord = Ordinance                     |\n| am = amended                                   | orig = original                     |\n| amdt = amendment                               | par = paragraph(s)/subparagraph(s)  |\n| c = clause(s)                                  | /sub‑subparagraph(s)                |\n| C[x] = Compilation No. x                       | pres = present                      |\n| Ch = Chapter(s)                                | prev = previous                     |\n| def = definition(s)                            | (prev…) = previously                |\n| Dict = Dictionary                              | Pt = Part(s)                        |\n| disallowed = disallowed by Parliament          | r = regulation(s)/rule(s)           |\n| Div = Division(s)                              |                                     |\n| exp = expires/expired or ceases/ceased to have | reloc = relocated                   |\n| effect                                         | renum = renumbered                  |\n| F = Federal Register of Legislation            | rep = repealed                      |\n| gaz = gazette                                  | rs = repealed and substituted       |\n| LA = Legislation Act 2003                      | s = section(s)/subsection(s)        |\n| LIA = Legislative Instruments Act 2003         | Sch = Schedule(s)                   |\n| (md) = misdescribed amendment can be given     | Sdiv = Subdivision(s)               |\n| effect                                         | SLI = Select Legislative Instrument |\n| (md not incorp) = misdescribed amendment       | SR = Statutory Rules                |\n| cannot be given effect                         | Sub‑Ch = Sub‑Chapter(s)             |\n| mod = modified/modification                    | SubPt = Subpart(s)                  |\n| No. = Number(s)                                | underlining = whole or part not     |\n|                                                | commenced or to be commenced        |\n\n> Note: Endnote 3—Legislation history\n\n| Name                                                                                                                                                                                     | Registration            | Commencement | Application, saving and transitional provisions |\n| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------ | ----------------------------------------------- |\n| Payment Systems (Regulation) Act 1998 – Standard No. 2 of 2016 – The Setting of Interchange Fees in the Designated Debit and Prepaid Card Schemes and Net Payments to Issuers            | 26/05/2016(F2016L00837) | 01/07/2017   | –                                               |\n| Payment Systems (Regulation) Act 1998 – Variation of Standard No. 2 of 2016 The Setting of Interchange Fees in the Designated Debit and Prepaid Card Schemes and Net Payments to Issuers | 21/11/2017(F2017L01507) | 21/11/2017   | –                                               |\n| Standard No. 2 of 2016 The Setting of Interchange Fees in the Designated Debit and Prepaid Card Schemes and Net Payments to Issuers Variation 2019                                       | 03/06/2019(F2019L00722) | 01/07/2019   | –                                               |\n| Standard No. 2 of 2016 The Setting of Interchange Fees in the Designated Debit and Prepaid Card Schemes and Net Payments to Issuers Variation 2021                                       | 18/11/2021(F2021L01575) | 01/01/2022   | –                                               |\n\n> Note: Endnote 4—Amendment history\n\n| Provision affected                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | How affected                 |\n| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |\n| Standard No. 2 of 2016 The Setting of Interchange Fees in the Designated Debit and Prepaid Card Schemes and Net Payments to IssuersStandard No. 2 of 2016 The Setting of Interchange Fees in the Designated Debit and Prepaid Card Schemes and Net Payments to Issuers | rs F2021L01575rs F2019L00722 |\n| par 4.2(b)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | am F2017L01507               |\n| par 4.2(c)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | am F2017L01507               |","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Standard has been varied since registration: amendments and variations are recorded in the endnotes (Variation 2017, Variation 2019, Variation 2021). Specific amendments include changes to clause 4.2(b) and 4.2(c) (F2017L01507) and later variations that adjusted operative dates and caps (see clauses 7.4–7.6 which implement staged commencement and a temporary 15.0¢ cap for January 2022). These amendments altered timing and some procedural mechanics of the original instrument."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive, scheme‑specific definitions that determine who is regulated (Direct Issuer Participant, Indirect Issuer Participant, Scheme Pair, Core Service) (clause 2.3).","Numerical caps and benchmark mechanics (fixed or percentage caps in clause 4.1; Scheme Benchmark and Above Benchmark Reference Period test in clause 4.2).","Net Compensation calculation with detailed receipt/payment definitions, apportionment rules and multi‑period allocation limits (clauses 5.1–5.2(c)–(e)).","Granular reporting, certification and publication duties with strict deadlines and multiple periodicities (annual and quarterly reporting, clauses 6.1–6.6).","Anti‑avoidance rule that captures arrangements entered to defeat the Standard (clause 3).","Transitional and staged commencement rules that alter operative caps and dates (clauses 7.2–7.6, including temporary 15¢ cap in clause 7.4 and delayed start of clause 4.1(a)(i)).","RBA discretion to accept alternative accounting/apportionment methods and to publish reported ranges creates administrative judgment points (clauses 5.2(f), 6.2).","Interplay with other instruments and scheme Rules (references to Standard No.1 and scheme Rules, clause 2.3 and clause 2.9), increasing compliance complexity for participants operating across schemes."],"plain_english_summary":"This Standard caps interchange fees in six designated Australian debit and prepaid card schemes, requires publication of fee schedules and quarterly reporting, and prohibits net positive compensation to issuers within scheme pairs. It affects scheme administrators, issuers, acquirers and merchants by restricting fee rates and imposing apportionment, reporting and anti‑avoidance obligations; the stated objective is to promote efficiency and competition while imposing compliance and implementation costs."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Standard has grown significantly from its original 2016 form. Originally focused primarily on interchange fee caps, it has expanded to include: (1) the 'Net Compensation' regime (clause 5) introduced in 2019 to ban hidden payments to issuers; (2) detailed quarterly reporting requirements (clause 6.6) added in 2021 including SNDC (single-network debit card) transaction tracking; (3) specific rules for New Issuers and Initial Reporting Periods; and (4) staggered transitional arrangements for 2022 implementation. The 2021 amendments in particular added substantial new compliance obligations and data collection requirements beyond the original fee-setting purpose."},"complexity_factors":["47+ defined terms in clause 2.3, including nested definitions (e.g., 'Benefit' has 3 sub-paragraphs with cross-references to 'Regular Price' and 'Fair Value')","Extensive cross-referencing between clauses — e.g., clause 5.2 references itself through sub-paragraphs (a) through (g) with internal dependencies","Multi-layered conditional logic in clause 4.2 (benchmark compliance) with alternative triggers (paragraph a vs b) and exception conditions (paragraphs c and d)","Complex apportionment rules in clause 5.2(c)-(e) for calculating 'Net Compensation' when benefits relate to multiple schemes or time periods","Scheme Pairs concept creates interdependence between Visa/Visa Prepaid, MasterCard/MasterCard Prepaid, and EFTPOS/EFTPOS Prepaid requiring joint calculations","Transitional and commencement provisions (clause 7) with staggered application dates (1 January 2022, 1 February 2022, 31 December 2022)","Substance-over-form interpretation rule (clause 2.7) requiring look-through analysis for anti-avoidance","Dual calculation methods (fixed amount vs percentage) with different caps in clause 4.1"],"plain_english_summary":"This Standard caps the interchange fees banks and card schemes can charge for debit and prepaid card payments in Australia, limiting fees to 10c per transaction or 0.20% of value and requiring an average scheme fee at or below 8c. It bans hidden rebates or “net compensation,” mandates public fee schedules and quarterly reporting to the Reserve Bank, and prohibits arrangements that circumvent the rules.\n\nIt affects card schemes, card‑issuing and acquiring banks, merchants (who bear costs), and consumers indirectly."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/standard-no-2-of-2016-the-setting-of-interchange-fees-in-the-designated-debit-and-prepaid-card-schem","history":"/api/acts/standard-no-2-of-2016-the-setting-of-interchange-fees-in-the-designated-debit-and-prepaid-card-schem/history","analysis":"/api/acts/standard-no-2-of-2016-the-setting-of-interchange-fees-in-the-designated-debit-and-prepaid-card-schem/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/standard-no-2-of-2016-the-setting-of-interchange-fees-in-the-designated-debit-and-prepaid-card-schem/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/standard-no-2-of-2016-the-setting-of-interchange-fees-in-the-designated-debit-and-prepaid-card-schem/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/standard-no-2-of-2016-the-setting-of-interchange-fees-in-the-designated-debit-and-prepaid-card-schem/documents"}}