{"id":"F2007B00735","name":"Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 - Proclamation under section 7(1) (04/02/1983)","slug":"seas-and-submerged-lands-act-1973-proclamation-under-section-7-1-04-02-1983","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":62597,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2007B00735-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 - Proclamation under section 7(1) (04/02/1983)","content":"PROCLAMATION\n\n| Commonwealth of AustraliaN. M. STEPHENGovernor-General | By His Excellency the Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia |\n| ------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\nWHEREAS it is provided by sub-section 7(1) of the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 that the Governor-General may, from time to time, by Proclamation, declare, not inconsistently with Section II of Part I of the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, the limits of the whole or of any part of the territorial sea:\n\nAND WHEREAS it is provided by sub-section 7 (2) of that Act that, for the purposes of such a Proclamation, the Governor-General may, in particular, determine either or both of the following:\n\n(a) the breadth of the territorial sea:\n\n(b) the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea, or any part of the territorial sea, is to be measured:\n\nNOW THEREFORE I, Sir Ninian Martin Stephen, the Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, in pursuance of section 7 of the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 and with effect on and from 14 February 1983, hereby declare as follows:\n\n1. (1) In this Proclamation, “mile” means international nautical mile, being a distance of 1,852 metres.\n\n(2) Where for the purposes of this Proclamation it is necessary to determine the position on the surface of the Earth of a point, line or area by reference to the Australian Geodetic Datum—\n\n(a) that position shall be determined by reference to a spheroid having its centre at the centre of the Earth and a major (equatorial) radius of 6,378,160 metres and a flattening of ![](image.001.png) and by reference to the position of the Johnston Geodetic Station in the Northern Territory; and\n\n(b) the Johnston Geodetic Station shall be taken to be situated at Latitude 25° 56′54.5515″ South and at Longitude 133°12′30.0771″ East and to have a ground level of 571,2 metres above the spheroid referred to in paragraph (a).\n\n2. The outer limits of the territorial sea adjacent to certain islands comprised within the State of Queensland are as follows:\n\n(a) the outer limit of the territorial sea of Australia adjacent to the islands known as Aubusi, Boigu and Moimi is the limit described in Schedule 1;\n\n(b) the outer limit of the territorial sea of Australia adjacent to the islands known as Dauan, Kaumag and Saibai is the limit described in Schedule 2;\n\n(c) the outer limit of the territorial sea of Australia adjacent to the islands known as Anchor Cay and East Cay is the limit described in Schedule 3;\n\n(d) the outer limit of the territorial sea of Australia adjacent to the islands known as Black Rocks and Bramble Cay is the limit described in Schedule 4;\n\n(e) the outer limit of the territorial sea of Australia adjacent to the islands known as Deliverance Island and Kerr Islet is the limit described in Schedule 5;\n\n(f) the outer limit of the territorial sea of Australia adjacent to the island known as Turnagain Island is the limit described in Schedule 6:\n\n(g) the outer limit of the territorial sea of Australia adjacent to the island known as Turu Cay is the limit described in Schedule 7.\n\n3\\. The outer limit of so much of the territorial sea of Australia adjacent to the island comprised within the State of Queensland and known as Pearce Cay as lies north of the parallel of Latitude 9°33′00″ South is the limit described in Schedule 8.\n\n  \n4\\. The inner limit of that part of the territorial sea of Australia adjacent to Pearce Cay that lies south of the parallel of Latitude 9°33′00″ South is the low-water line of Pearce Cay at Lowest Astronomical Tide.\n\n\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\n\nSCHEDULE 1\n\nTHE ISLANDS OF AUBUSI, BOIGU AND MOIMI\n\nThe outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to the islands of Aubusi, Boigu and Moimi is a continuous line—\n\n(a) commencing at the point of Latitude 9°15′43″ South, Longitude 142°03′30″ East;\n\n(b) running thence along the geodesics successively joining the following points—\n\n|        | Latitude | Longitude  |\n| ------ | -------- | ---------- |\n|        | (South)  | (East)     |\n| (i)    | 9°15′43″ | 142°03′30″ |\n| (ii)   | 9°12′50″ | 142°06′25″ |\n| (iii)  | 9°11′51″ | 142°08′33″ |\n| (iv)   | 9°11′58″ | 142°10′18″ |\n| (v)    | 9°11′22″ | 142°12′54″ |\n| (vi)   | 9°11′34″ | 142°14′08″ |\n| (vii)  | 9°13′53″ | 142°16′26″ |\n| (viii) | 9°16′04″ | 142°20′41″ |\n\n(c) running thence along a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively from the following points—\n\n|           | Latitude | Longitude   |\n| --------- | -------- | ----------- |\n|           | (South)  | (East)      |\n| (i)       | 9°15′53″ | 142°17′39″  |\n| (ii)      | 9°16′26″ | 142°17′36″  |\n| (iii)     | 9°16′28″ | 142°17′36″  |\n| (iv)      | 9°16′31″ | 142°17′30″  |\n| (v)       | 9°17′06″ | 142°17′30″  |\n| (vi)      | 9°17′15″ | 142°17′30″  |\n| (vii)     | 9°17′26″ | 142°17′15″  |\n| (viii)    | 9°17′50″ | 142°16′46″  |\n| (ix)      | 9°17′55″ | 142°16′39″  |\n| (x)       | 9°17′56″ | 142°16′30″  |\n| (xi)      | 9°17′53″ | 142°16′11′′ |\n| (xii)     | 9°17′52″ | 142°16′07″  |\n| (xiii)    | 9°17′44″ | 142°14′52″  |\n| (xiv)     | 9°17′45″ | 142°14′49″  |\n| (xv)      | 9°17′44″ | 142°14′38″  |\n| (xvi)     | 9°17′44″ | 142°14′30″  |\n| (xvii)    | 9°17′38″ | 142°14′06″  |\n| (xviii)   | 9°17′38″ | 142°13′59″  |\n| (xix)     | 9°17′36″ | 142°13′47″  |\n| (XX)      | 9°17′34″ | 142°13′31″  |\n| (xxi)     | 9°17′33″ | 142°13′20″  |\n| (xxii)    | 9°17′32″ | 142°12′56″  |\n| (xxiii)   | 9°17′32″ | 142°12′46″  |\n| (xxiv)    | 9°17′33″ | 142°12′26″  |\n| (xxv)     | 9°17′38″ | 142°11′56″  |\n| (xxvi)    | 9°17′39″ | 142°11′51″  |\n| (xxvii)   | 9°17′38″ | 142°11′34″  |\n| (xxviii)  | 9°17′37″ | 142°11′30″  |\n| (xxix)    | 9°17′33″ | 142°10′20″  |\n| (xxx)     | 9°17′30″ | 142°10′13″  |\n| (xxxi)    | 9°17′15″ | 142°09′08″  |\n| (xxxii)   | 9°17′13″ | 142°09′00″  |\n| (xxxiii)  | 9°17′02″ | 142°08′35″  |\n| (xxxiv)   | 9°16′56″ | 142°08′23″  |\n| (xxxv)    | 9°16′52″ | 142°08′15″  |\n| (xxxvi)   | 9°16′47″ | 142°08′01″  |\n| (xxxvii)  | 9°16′46″ | 142°07′58″  |\n| (xxxviii) | 9°16′21″ | 142°06′52″  |\n| (xxxix)   | 9°16′19″ | 142°06′51″  |\n| (xl)      | 9°15′08″ | 142°06′28″  |\n\nto the point of commencement.\n\n  \nSCHEDULE 2\n\nTHE ISLANDS OF DAUAN, KAUMAG AND SAIBAI\n\nThe outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to the islands of Dauan, Kaumag and Saibai is a continuous line—\n\n(a) commencing at the point of Latitude 9°22′04″ South, Longitude 142°29′41″ East;\n\n(b) running thence along the geodesies successively joining the following points—\n\n|       | Latitude | Longitude  |\n| ----- | -------- | ---------- |\n|       | (South)  | (East)     |\n| (i)   | 9°22′04″ | 142°29′41″ |\n| (ii)  | 9°21′48″ | 142°31′29″ |\n| (iii) | 9°22′33″ | 142°33′28″ |\n| (iv)  | 9°21′25″ | 142°35′29″ |\n| (v)   | 9°20′21″ | 142°41′43″ |\n| (vi)  | 9°20′16″ | 142°43′53″ |\n| (vii) | 9°19′26″ | 142°48′18″ |\n\nand\n\n(c) running thence along a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively from the following points—\n\n|           | Latitude | Longitude  |\n| --------- | -------- | ---------- |\n|           | (South)  | (East)     |\n| (i)       | 9°22′24″ | 142°47′49″ |\n| (ii)      | 9°22′28″ | 142°47′53″ |\n| (iii)     | 9°22′39″ | 142°47′57″ |\n| (iv)      | 9°22′48″ | 142°48′00″ |\n| (v)       | 9°22′58″ | 142°48′01″ |\n| (vi)      | 9°23′02″ | 142°48′01″ |\n| (vii)     | 9°23′06″ | 142°47′59″ |\n| (viii)    | 9°23′12″ | 142°47′55″ |\n| (ix)      | 9°23′28″ | 142°47′46″ |\n| (x)       | 9°23′44″ | 142°47′41″ |\n| (xi)      | 9°25′46″ | 142°46′36″ |\n| (xii)     | 9°25′48″ | 142°46′36″ |\n| (xiii)    | 9°25′53″ | 142°46′29″ |\n| (xiv)     | 9°26′05″ | 142°46′12″ |\n| (xv)      | 9°26′10″ | 142°46′03″ |\n| (xvi)     | 9°26′15″ | 142°45′47″ |\n| (xvii)    | 9°26′15″ | 142°45′34″ |\n| (xviii)   | 9°26′12″ | 142°45′25″ |\n| (xix)     | 9°26′09″ | 142°45′12″ |\n| (xx)      | 9°26′06″ | 142°45′07″ |\n| (xxi)     | 9°25′57″ | 142°44′39″ |\n| (xxii)    | 9°25′48″ | 142°43′07″ |\n| (xxiii)   | 9°25′54″ | 142°42′42″ |\n| (xxiv)    | 9°25′53″ | 142°42′13″ |\n| (xxv)     | 9°25′52″ | 142°41′59″ |\n| (xxvi)    | 9°25′51″ | 142°41′51″ |\n| (xxvii)   | 9°25′48″ | 142°41′15″ |\n| (xxviii)  | 9°25′47″ | 142°41′04″ |\n| (xxix)    | 9°25′46″ | 142°40′55″ |\n| (xxx)     | 9°25′43″ | 142°40′20″ |\n| (xxxi)    | 9°25′44″ | 142°40′04″ |\n| (xxxii)   | 9°25′50″ | 142°39′30″ |\n| (xxxiii)  | 9°25′51″ | 142°39′22″ |\n| (xxxiv)   | 9°25′50″ | 142°39′13″ |\n| (xxxv)    | 9°25′48″ | 142°39′03″ |\n| (xxxvi)   | 9°25′35″ | 142°38′05″ |\n| (xxxvii)  | 9°25′31″ | 142°37′46″ |\n| (xxxviii) | 9°25′28″ | 142°37′36″ |\n| (xxxix)   | 9°25′23″ | 142°37′22″ |\n| (xl)      | 9°25′22″ | 142°37′19″ |\n| (xli)     | 9°25′04″ | 142°36′35″ |\n| (xlii)    | 9°24′50″ | 142°36′03″ |\n| (xliii)   | 9°25′25″ | 142°33′03″ |\n| (xliv)    | 9°25′27″ | 142°32′58″ |\n| (xlv)     | 9°25′54″ | 142°32′17″ |\n| (xlvi)    | 9°26′11″ | 142°33′00″ |\n| (xlvii)   | 9°26′15″ | 142°31′55″ |\n| (xlviii)  | 9°26′17″ | 142°31′52″ |\n| (xlix)    | 9°26′17″ | 142°31′48″ |\n| (l)       | 9°26′15″ | 142°31′46″ |\n| (li)      | 9°26′06″ | 142°31′47″ |\n\n  \n\n|         | Latitude | Longitude  |\n| ------- | -------- | ---------- |\n|         | (South)  | (East)     |\n| (lii)   | 9°25′38″ | 142°31′35″ |\n| (liii)  | 9°25′28″ | 142°31′34″ |\n| (liv)   | 9°25′24″ | 142°31′33″ |\n| (lv)    | 9°25′05″ | 142°31′27″ |\n| (lvi)   | 9°24′39″ | 142°31′18″ |\n| (lvii)  | 9°24′37″ | 142°31′17″ |\n| (lviii) | 9°24′32″ | 142°31′24″ |\n\nto the point of commencement.\n\n\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\n\nSCHEDULE 3\n\nTHE ISLANDS OF ANCHOR CAY AND EAST CAY\n\nThe outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to the islands of Anchor Cay and East Cay is the continuous lined formed by a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively, so as to enclose the islands, from the following points—\n\n|           | Latitude | Longitude  |\n| --------- | -------- | ---------- |\n|           | (South)  | (East)     |\n| (i)       | 9°21′27″ | 144°07′30″ |\n| (ii)      | 9°21′25″ | 144°07′28″ |\n| (iii)     | 9°21′25″ | 144°07′38″ |\n| (iv)      | 9°21′26″ | 144°07′44″ |\n| (v)       | 9°21′29″ | 144°07′50″ |\n| (vi)      | 9°21′31″ | 144°07′55″ |\n| (vii)     | 9°21′44″ | 144°08′24″ |\n| (viii)    | 9°21′45″ | 144°08′27″ |\n| (ix)      | 9°21′49″ | 144°08′33″ |\n| (x)       | 9°21′54″ | 144°08′37″ |\n| (xi)      | 9°23′09″ | 144°12′43″ |\n| (xii)     | 9°23′02″ | 144°12′55″ |\n| (xiii)    | 9°23′02″ | 144°13′23″ |\n| (xiv)     | 9°23′04″ | 144°13′29″ |\n| (xv)      | 9°23′06″ | 144°13′33″ |\n| (xvi)     | 9°23′09″ | 144°13′40″ |\n| (xvii)    | 9°23′13″ | 144°13′44″ |\n| (xviii)   | 9°23′30″ | 144°13′59″ |\n| (xix)     | 9°23′40″ | 144°14′11″ |\n| (xx)      | 9°23′44″ | 144°14′18″ |\n| (xxi)     | 9°23′50″ | 144°14′25″ |\n| (xxii)    | 9°23′59″ | 144°14′30″ |\n| (xxiii)   | 9°24′05″ | 144°14′31″ |\n| (xxiv)    | 9°24′19″ | 144°14′33″ |\n| (xxv)     | 9°24′29″ | 144°14′37″ |\n| (xxvi)    | 9°24′40″ | 144°14′40″ |\n| (xxvii)   | 9°24′44″ | 144°14′40″ |\n| (xxviii)  | 9°24′49″ | 144°14′35″ |\n| (xxix)    | 9°24′53″ | 144°14′33″ |\n| (xxx)     | 9°24′57″ | 144°14′27″ |\n| (xxxi)    | 9°24′57″ | 144°14′20″ |\n| (xxxii)   | 9°24′56″ | 144°14′14″ |\n| (xxxiii)  | 9°24′44″ | 144°13′19″ |\n| (xxxiv)   | 9°24′40″ | 144°13′02″ |\n| (xxxv)    | 9°24′36″ | 144°12′58″ |\n| (xxxvi)   | 9°24′31″ | 144°12′56″ |\n| (xxxvii)  | 9°23′47″ | 144°12′34″ |\n| (xxxviii) | 9°22′06″ | 144°08′38″ |\n| (xxxix)   | 9°22′07″ | 144°08′31″ |\n| (xl)      | 9°21′59″ | 144°07′57″ |\n| (xli)     | 9°21′47″ | 144°07′32″ |\n| (xlii)    | 9°21′44″ | 144°07′29″ |\n| (xliii)   | 9°21′40″ | 144°07′26″ |\n| (xliv)    | 9°21′35″ | 144°07′24″ |\n\nSCHEDULE 4\n\nTHE ISLANDS OF BLACK ROCKS AND BRAMBLE CAY\n\nThe outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to the islands of Black Rocks and Bramble Cay is the continuous line formed\n\n  \n\nby a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively, so as to enclose the islands, from the following points—\n\n|        | Latitude | Longitude  |\n| ------ | -------- | ---------- |\n|        | (South)  | (East)     |\n| (i)    | 9°10′28″ | 143°49′59″ |\n| (ii)   | 9°08′40″ | 143°52′19″ |\n| (iii)  | 9°08′33″ | 143°52′22″ |\n| (iv)   | 9°08′26″ | 143°52′32″ |\n| (v)    | 9°08′24″ | 143°52′41″ |\n| (vi)   | 9°08′23″ | 143°52′48″ |\n| (vii)  | 9°08′24″ | 143°52′54″ |\n| (viii) | 9°08′27″ | 143°53′06″ |\n| (ix)   | 9°08′32″ | 143°53′12″ |\n| (x)    | 9°08′43″ | 143°53′19″ |\n| (xi)   | 9°08′48″ | 143°53′19″ |\n| (xii)  | 9°08′52″ | 143°53′17″ |\n| (xiii) | 9°09′00″ | 143°53′13″ |\n| (xiv)  | 9°09′04″ | 143°53′07″ |\n| (xv)   | 9°09′08″ | 143°53′00″ |\n| (xvi)  | 9°09′07″ | 143°52′49″ |\n\nSCHEDULE 5\n\nDELIVERANCE ISLAND AND KERR ISLET\n\nThe outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to Deliverance Island and Kerr Islet is the continuous line formed by a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively, so as to enclose the islands, from the following points\n\n|           | Latitude | Longitude  |\n| --------- | -------- | ---------- |\n|           | (South)  | (East)     |\n| (i)       | 9″32′39″ | 141°32′15″ |\n| (ii)      | 9°32′35″ | 141°32′11″ |\n| (iii)     | 9°32′07″ | 141°31′50″ |\n| (iv)      | 9°32′02″ | 141°31′54″ |\n| (v)       | 9°31′56″ | 141°31′58″ |\n| (vi)      | 9°31′51″ | 141°32′02″ |\n| (vii)     | 9°31′29″ | 141°32′17″ |\n| (viii)    | 9°31′27″ | 141°32′19″ |\n| (ix)      | 9°31′24″ | 141°32′21″ |\n| (x)       | 9°30′40″ | 141°33′32″ |\n| (xi)      | 9°30′08″ | 141°34′01″ |\n| (xii)     | 9°30′01″ | 141°34′05″ |\n| (xiii)    | 9°29′57″ | 141°34′08″ |\n| (xiv)     | 9°29′51″ | 141°34′14″ |\n| (xv)      | 9°29′51″ | 141°34′19″ |\n| (xvi)     | 9°29′58″ | 141°36′13″ |\n| (xvii)    | 9°30′04″ | 141°36′16″ |\n| (xviii)   | 9°30′12″ | 141°36′16″ |\n| (xix)     | 9°30′28″ | 141°36′18″ |\n| (xx)      | 9°30′47″ | 141°36′18″ |\n| (xxi)     | 9°31′00″ | 141°36′15″ |\n| (xxii)    | 9°31′11″ | 141°36′10″ |\n| (xxiii)   | 9°31′29″ | 141°36′02″ |\n| (xxiv)    | 9°31′38″ | 141°35′55″ |\n| (xxv)     | 9°31′47″ | 141°35′46″ |\n| (xxvi)    | 9°31′50″ | 141°35′42″ |\n| (xxvii)   | 9°32′02″ | 141°35′21″ |\n| (xxviii)  | 9°36′21″ | 141°34′33″ |\n| (xxix)    | 9°36′24″ | 141°34′34″ |\n| (xxx)     | 9°36′35″ | 141°34′33″ |\n| (xxxi)    | 9″36′49″ | 141°34′26″ |\n| (xxxii)   | 9°36′56″ | 141°34′21″ |\n| (xxxiii)  | 9°37′05″ | 141°34′02″ |\n| (xxxiv)   | 9°37′14″ | 141°33′47″ |\n| (xxxv)    | 9°37′15″ | 141°33′28″ |\n| (xxxvi)   | 9°37′13″ | 141°33′25″ |\n| (xxxvii)  | 9°37′09″ | 141°33′22″ |\n| (xxxviii) | 9°37′03″ | 141°33′21″ |\n| (xxxix)   | 9°36′58″ | 141°33′22″ |\n| (xl)      | 9°36′52″ | 141°33′27″ |\n\n  \nSCHEDULE 6\n\nTURNAGAIN ISLAND\n\nThe outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to Turnagain Island is the continuous line formed by a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively, so as to enclose the island, from the following points—\n\n|           | Latitude | Longitude  |\n| --------- | -------- | ---------- |\n|           | (South)  | (East)     |\n| (i)       | 9°32′54″ | 142°10′47″ |\n| (ii)      | 9°32′54″ | 142°10′44″ |\n| (iii)     | 9°32′54″ | 142°10′40″ |\n| (iv)      | 9°32′52″ | 142°10′36″ |\n| (v)       | 9°32′49″ | 142°10′35″ |\n| (vi)      | 9°32′44″ | 142°10′36″ |\n| (vii)     | 9°32′23″ | 142°10′54″ |\n| (viii)    | 9°32′11″ | 142°11′39″ |\n| (ix)      | 9°32′10″ | 142°11′45″ |\n| (x)       | 9°32′15″ | 142°11′54″ |\n| (xi)      | 9°32′37″ | 142°14′59″ |\n| (xii)     | 9°32′36″ | 142°15′08″ |\n| (xiii)    | 9°32′37″ | 142°15′14″ |\n| (xiv)     | 9°32′40″ | 142°15′24″ |\n| (xv)      | 9°32′44″ | 142°15′40″ |\n| (xvi)     | 9°32′44″ | 142°15′47″ |\n| (xvii)    | 9°32′45″ | 142°15′53″ |\n| (xviii)   | 9°32′48″ | 142°16′04″ |\n| (xix)     | 9°32′51″ | 142°16′16″ |\n| (xx)      | 9°32′53″ | 142°16′28″ |\n| (xxi)     | 9°32′54″ | 142°16′34″ |\n| (xxii)    | 9°32′56″ | 142°16′39″ |\n| (xxiii)   | 9°32′58″ | 142°16′49″ |\n| (xxiv)    | 9°33′02″ | 142°1701″  |\n| (xxv)     | 9°33′03″ | 142°17′12″ |\n| (xxvi)    | 9°33′05″ | 142°17′18″ |\n| (xxvii)   | 9°33′11″ | 142°17′30″ |\n| (xxviii)  | 9°33′14″ | 142°17′40″ |\n| (xxix)    | 9°33′16″ | 142°17′50″ |\n| (xxx)     | 9°33′18″ | 142°18′00″ |\n| (xxxi)    | 9°33′21″ | 142°18′09″ |\n| (xxxii)   | 9°33′23″ | 142°18′16″ |\n| (xxxiii)  | 9°33′28″ | 142°18′27″ |\n| (xxxiv)   | 9°33′33″ | 142°18′42″ |\n| (xxxv)    | 9°33′35″ | 142°18′51″ |\n| (xxxvi)   | 9°33′38′ | 142°19′03″ |\n| (xxxvii)  | 9°33′41″ | 142°19′12″ |\n| (xxxviii) | 9°33′42″ | 142°19′19″ |\n| (xxxix)   | 9°33′44″ | 142°19′25″ |\n| (xl)      | 9°33′47″ | 142°19′38″ |\n| (xli)     | 9°33′49″ | 142°19′40″ |\n| (xlii)    | 9°34′15″ | 142°20′11″ |\n| (xliii)   | 9°34′19″ | 142°20′16″ |\n| (xliv)    | 9°34′23″ | 142°20′17″ |\n| (xlv)     | 9°34′29″ | 142°20′14″ |\n| (xlvi)    | 9°34′34″ | 142°20′10″ |\n| (xlvii)   | 9°34′42″ | 142°20′03″ |\n| (xlviii)  | 9°34′46″ | 142°19′58″ |\n| (xlix)    | 9°34′49″ | 142°19′52″ |\n| (l)       | 9°34′52″ | 142°19′32″ |\n| (li)      | 9°34′52″ | 142°19′24″ |\n| (lii)     | 9°34′52″ | 142°19′15″ |\n| (liii)    | 9°34′50″ | 142°19′05″ |\n| (liv)     | 9°34′48″ | 142°18′54″ |\n| (lv)      | 9°34′46″ | 142°18′39″ |\n| (lvi)     | 9°34′43″ | 142°18′28″ |\n| (lvii)    | 9°34′40″ | 142°18′11″ |\n| (lviii)   | 9°34′38″ | 142°18′05″ |\n| (lix)     | 9°34′35″ | 142°17′56″ |\n| (lx)      | 9°34′30″ | 142°17′39″ |\n| (lxi)     | 9°34′23″ | 142°17′09″ |\n| (lxii)    | 9°34′21″ | 142°16′55″ |\n| (lxiii)   | 9°34′19″ | 142°16′39″ |\n| (lxiv)    | 9°34′16″ | 142°16′29″ |\n| (lxv)     | 9°34′07″ | 142°15′58″ |\n| (lxvi)    | 9°34′05″ | 142°15′49″ |\n| (lxvii)   | 9°34′01″ | 142°15′41″ |\n\n  \n\n|          | Latitude | Longitude  |\n| -------- | -------- | ---------- |\n|          | (South)  | (East)     |\n| (lxviii) | 9°33′50″ | 142°15′17″ |\n| (lxix)   | 9°33′48″ | 142°15′10″ |\n| (lxx)    | 9°33′44″ | 142°15′00″ |\n| (lxxi)   | 9°33′35″ | 142°14′48″ |\n| (lxxii)  | 9°33′24″ | 142°14′31″ |\n| (lxxiii) | 9°33′09″ | 142°13′59″ |\n| (lxxiv)  | 9°33′08″ | 142°13′53″ |\n\nSCHEDULE 7\n\nTURU CAY\n\nThe outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to Turu Cay is a continuous line formed by a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively, so as to enclose Turu Cay, from the following points—\n\n|         | Latitude | Longitude  |\n| ------- | -------- | ---------- |\n|         | (South)  | (East)     |\n| (i)     | 9°49′53″ | 141°24′42″ |\n| (ii)    | 9°49′39″ | 141°24′44″ |\n| (iii)   | 9°49′31″ | 141°24′52″ |\n| (iv)    | 9°49′25″ | 141°25′02″ |\n| (v)     | 9°49′23″ | 141°25′13″ |\n| (vi)    | 9°49′20″ | 141°25′25″ |\n| (vii)   | 9°49′19″ | 141°25′36″ |\n| (viii)  | 9°49′18″ | 14°25′43″  |\n| (ix)    | 9°49′18″ | 141°25′53″ |\n| (x)     | 9°49′17″ | 141°26′07″ |\n| (xi)    | 9°49′23″ | 141°26′09″ |\n| (xii)   | 9°49′26″ | 141°26′06″ |\n| (xiii)  | 9°49′32″ | 141°25′58″ |\n| (xiv)   | 9°49′38″ | 141°25′49″ |\n| (xv)    | 9°49′44″ | 141°25′38″ |\n| (xvi)   | 9°49′47″ | 14°25′31″  |\n| (xvii)  | 9°49′53″ | 141°25′19″ |\n| (xviii) | 9°49′55″ | 141°25′09″ |\n| (xix)   | 9°49′57″ | 141°24′54″ |\n| (xx)    | 9°49′56″ | 141°24′45″ |\n\n  \nSCHEDULE 8\n\nPEARCE CAY\n\nThe outer limit of that part of the territorial sea adjacent to Pearce Cay which lies north of the parallel of Latitude 9°33′00″ South is a continuous line—\n\n(a) commencing at the point of Latitude 9°33′00″ South, Longitude 143°14′51″ East;\n\n(b) running thence along a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively from the following points—\n\n|        | Latitude | Longitude  |\n| ------ | -------- | ---------- |\n|        | (South)  | (East)     |\n| (i)    | 9°30′56″ | 143°17′03″ |\n| (ii)   | 9°30′53″ | 143°17′03″ |\n| (iii)  | 9°30′50″ | 143°17′08″ |\n| (iv)   | 9°30′46″ | 143°17′19″ |\n| (v)    | 9°30′43″ | 143°17′26″ |\n| (vi)   | 9°30′42″ | 143°17′34″ |\n| (vii)  | 9°30′41» | 143°17′43″ |\n| (viii) | 9°30′48″ | 143°17′42″ |\n| (ix)   | 9°30′50″ | 143°17′40″ |\n\nto the point of Latitude 9°33′00″ South, Longitude 143°19′46″ East; and\n\n(c) running thence west along the parallel of Latitude 9°33′00″ South to the point of commencement.\n\n(L.S.) GIVEN under my Hand and the Great Seal of Australia on 4 February 1983.\n\nBy His Excellency’s Command,\n\nJ.L. CARRICK\n\nMinister of State for National Development and Energy\n\nGOD SAVE THE QUEEN!\n\nEx. Min. No. 2)","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This proclamation implements a power already contained in the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 — it specifies territorial sea limits for named islands. It does not broaden the Act's substantive scope or create new categories of rights; it applies the Act's existing delimitation function to particular geographic locations (see preamble invoking s 7(1)–(2) and Schedules 1–8)."},"complexity_factors":["Uses a defined geodetic datum and fixes the Johnston Geodetic Station coordinates (section 1(2))","Defines unit of distance as international nautical mile (section 1(1))","Eight separate schedules (Schedules 1–8) each giving a continuous boundary description","Large number of explicit latitude/longitude points across the Schedules (dozens to over a hundred individual coordinate pairs)","Two different geometric construction methods used: geodesics (great‑circle joins) and series of intersecting arcs of radius 3 nautical miles","One inner limit specified by a tidal datum (low‑water line at Lowest Astronomical Tide) rather than coordinates (section 4)","Cross‑reference to an external international instrument (Section II of Part I of the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone) in the preamble","Effective date specified separately from proclamation date (preamble and final line)"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this instrument does (mechanically)\n\n- This is a proclamation made under section 7 of the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 that fixes the outer and certain inner limits of Australia's territorial sea around a set of specific islands in the State of Queensland. (Section 7 gives the Governor‑General power to declare territorial sea limits.)\n\n- It does three technical things up front (section 1):\n  - Defines \"mile\" as the international nautical mile (1,852 metres).\n  - Specifies the geodetic datum to be used (the Australian Geodetic Datum and the position of the Johnston Geodetic Station) so all coordinates are tied to a common earth model.\n  - Fixes an effective date for the proclamation (14 February 1983).\n\n- It then lists the islands whose adjacent territorial sea outer limits are defined and delegates the detailed boundary descriptions to eight Schedules (section 2 and 3). The Schedules describe the limits by:\n  - Giving sequences of geographic coordinates joined by geodesics (great‑circle lines), and/or\n  - Specifying a set of intersecting arcs of circles of radius 3 nautical miles drawn from listed centre points so as to enclose particular islands, and\n  - For one part of Pearce Cay, specifying the inner limit as the low‑water line at Lowest Astronomical Tide (section 4).\n\n- The Schedules contain the precise latitude/longitude points and the order in which they are joined to form continuous boundary lines (Schedules 1–8). Several limits are formed entirely by 3‑mile arcs (to \"enclose\" small islands or cays); others mix geodesics and 3‑mile arcs.\n\n**Who this affects\n\n- Federal and State governments: the proclamation fixes where Australian maritime jurisdiction (the territorial sea) applies around the named islands. That determines which Australian authorities have enforcement, regulatory and licensing powers in those waters.\n\n- People and businesses operating in those waters: fishers, shipping operators, tourism operators, offshore exploration and resource companies, and others who need permits or are subject to Australian law in the territorial sea must observe the defined limits.\n\n- Local landholders and island communities: their adjacent marine rights (access, resource use, environmental controls) will be constrained by the boundaries set out here.\n\n- Foreign vessels and adjacent foreign states: the lines delimit where Australia may exercise the rights that attach to territorial sea (navigation regime, law enforcement, resource control) adjacent to these islands.\n\n**Why it matters (official purpose, and how it works in practice)\n\n- Official purpose (stated): to declare the limits of the territorial sea around specified islands, consistent with Section II of Part I of the 1958 Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone (referred to in the proclamation preamble).\n\n- Practical effect: the proclamation turns a legal power (to declare territorial sea limits) into fixed, mappable boundaries. Those boundaries determine the geographic scope of Australian criminal and civil jurisdiction at sea, fisheries and environmental regulation, and the government's ability to grant licences for activities such as resource exploration or impose exclusion zones.\n\n**Costs, incentives, trade‑offs and implementation issues (testing the purpose claim)\n\n- Administrative and compliance costs: the government must update nautical charts and public registers; enforcement agencies (customs, navy, fisheries, environment) need to apply the new delimitations operationally; businesses and mariners must adjust navigation and permit compliance where the boundary changes or is newly clarified (Schedules provide exact coordinates to enable that).\n\n- Concentrated benefits, diffuse costs: holders of licences or exclusive rights inside the newly defined limits (for example, a future mineral or fishing licence) obtain concentrated economic benefits. Costs — such as additional compliance or restricted access — are spread across many small users (fishers, small operators) and the general public.\n\n- Legal certainty versus diplomatic/operational friction: publishing precise coordinates and a datum increases legal certainty (useful for licensing and enforcement). Where limits lie close to international neighbours, precise claims can also require diplomatic management; the proclamation itself is a domestic legal act that creates right‑to‑exercise jurisdiction but does not in itself settle boundary treaties with other states.\n\n- Technical implementation risk: the proclamation specifies the geodetic datum and an explicit station location to reduce ambiguity (section 1(2)). That lowers the risk of misplotting, but it transfers practical reliance onto accurate translation of those coordinates into modern mapping systems — a conversion task for hydrographic services.\n\n- Bureaucratic discretion and permanence: the document fixes coordinates rather than delegating open‑ended discretion; effecting any change in these limits requires another proclamation under the Act (so discretion is limited and changes are discrete).\n\n**Who pays, who decides, what behaviour changes (plain statements)\n\n- Who decides: the proclamation is made by the Governor‑General (on advice of the Federal Executive Council) under the Act (preamble and section 7 reference).\n\n- Who pays: enforcement and mapping costs fall to the Commonwealth (agencies that police and chart Australian waters). Private operators bear compliance costs (chart updates, permits, possible licence fees) and potential restriction of access where Australian jurisdiction now applies.\n\n- Behaviour changes: mariners and operators will use the new coordinates for navigation and compliance; regulators will enforce Australian laws within the declared lines; commercial actors will adjust contract and licensing behaviour to reflect where Australian territorial jurisdiction applies.\n\n**Key textual anchors you can check in the instrument**\n- Power invoked: preamble citing s 7(1) and s 7(2) of the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973.  \n- Definitions and datum: section 1(1)–(2).  \n- Island list and delegation to schedules: section 2 (Schedules 1–7) and section 3–4 (Pearce Cay; Lowest Astronomical Tide inner limit).\n- Detailed boundaries: Schedules 1–8 (lat/long lists; geodesics; 3‑mile arcs).\n\n**Bottom line**\nThis proclamation performs a technical, legally binding task: it maps the outer (and in one instance inner) territorial sea limits around a set of named Queensland islands by giving precise coordinates tied to a specified geodetic datum. That produces jurisdictional clarity for regulators and users of those waters, while imposing administrative and compliance obligations on government agencies and marine operators (Schedules 1–8; sections 1–4)."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This proclamation remains tightly scoped to its original purpose: implementing specific boundary delimitations under the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 as required by the Torres Strait Treaty. It does not expand beyond the technical geographic task of defining territorial sea limits for the specified islands."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive coordinate tables: 8 schedules containing approximately 400+ specific latitude/longitude points","Technical geodetic definitions: Requires understanding of 'geodesics', 'Australian Geodetic Datum', spheroid calculations, and the Johnston Geodetic Station reference point","Mixed boundary construction methods: Alternates between geodesic lines and arcs of circles with 3-mile radius","Conditional territorial application: Special rules for Pearce Cay (split at 9°33′00″ South latitude) creating different regimes for northern and southern portions","Single defined term: Only 'mile' is explicitly defined (as 1,852 metres), but relies on implicit knowledge of maritime law concepts like 'territorial sea', 'baseline', and 'low-water line'"],"plain_english_summary":"This 1983 proclamation maps precise 3‑nautical‑mile territorial seas around 13 Torres Strait islands using geodetic coordinates and arcs, implementing the Torres Strait Treaty. It determines where Australian sovereignty and law apply.\n\nIt matters to Torres Strait Islander communities, fishermen, shipping and border agencies, and Papua New Guinea — balancing Australian control of islands with special cross‑border access and traditional fishing and cultural rights."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/seas-and-submerged-lands-act-1973-proclamation-under-section-7-1-04-02-1983","history":"/api/acts/seas-and-submerged-lands-act-1973-proclamation-under-section-7-1-04-02-1983/history","analysis":"/api/acts/seas-and-submerged-lands-act-1973-proclamation-under-section-7-1-04-02-1983/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/seas-and-submerged-lands-act-1973-proclamation-under-section-7-1-04-02-1983/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/seas-and-submerged-lands-act-1973-proclamation-under-section-7-1-04-02-1983/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/seas-and-submerged-lands-act-1973-proclamation-under-section-7-1-04-02-1983/documents"}}