{"id":"nsw:sl-2018-0512","name":"Roads Regulation 2018","slug":"roads-regulation-2018","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"nsw","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"512 of 2018","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":176707,"registerId":"nsw-nsw:sl-2018-0512-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-05","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Part 1 Preliminary\n\nPart 1 Preliminary","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Name of Regulation","content":"#### 1 Name of Regulation\n\n1 Name of Regulation\n\n> This Regulation is the [Roads Regulation 2018](/view/html/inforce/current/sl-2018-0512).","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commencement","content":"#### 2 Commencement\n\n2 Commencement\n\n> This Regulation commences on 1 September 2018 and is required to be published on the NSW legislation website.\n> \n> Note.\n> \n> This Regulation replaces the [Roads Regulation 2008](/view/html/repealed/current/sl-2008-0156), which is repealed on 1 September 2018 by section 10 (2) of the [Subordinate Legislation Act 1989](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1989-146).","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"#### 3 Definitions\n\n3 Definitions\n\n> > (1) In this Regulation—\n> > \n> > carriageway means the portion of a road improved or designed for use by, or used by, the main body of moving vehicles and does not include any shoulder of a road, breakdown lane or other lateral part of the road not so improved, designed or used.\n> > \n> > drive includes ride or draw (in relation to a vehicle) and ride or lead (in relation to an animal).\n> > \n> > motor vehicle has the same meaning as in the [Road Transport Act 2013](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2013-018).\n> > \n> > the Act means the [Roads Act 1993](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1993-033).\n> > \n> > vehicle has the same meaning as in the [Road Transport Act 2013](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2013-018).\n> > \n> > Note.\n> > \n> > The Act and the [Interpretation Act 1987](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1987-015) contain definitions and other provisions that affect the interpretation and application of this Regulation.\n> \n> > (2) Notes included in this Regulation do not form part of this Regulation.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Roads","content":"# Part 2 Roads\n\nPart 2 Roads","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"Division 1","sectionType":"division","heading":"General","content":"## Division 1 General\n\nDivision 1 General","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application of Part","content":"#### 4 Application of Part\n\n4 Application of Part\n\n> This Part applies to a public road and to a classified road that is not a public road.","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Temporary closing of road","content":"#### 5 Temporary closing of road\n\n5 Temporary closing of road\n\n> > (1) A roads authority must give at least 7 days notice of its intention to close a public road in the exercise of its functions under Part 8 of the Act—\n> > \n> > > (a) by means of a notice published in a local newspaper or on the roads authority’s website, and\n> > \n> > > (b) by means of conspicuous notices erected along the road.\n> \n> > (2) No such notice is necessary in the case of an emergency.","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Traffic controllers","content":"#### 6 Traffic controllers\n\n6 Traffic controllers\n\n> > (1) For the purpose of enabling it to exercise its functions under Part 8 of the Act, a roads authority may engage, or authorise its agents or contractors to engage, traffic controllers to direct traffic on a road.\n> \n> > (2) A person may be engaged as a traffic controller by a person other than a road authority only if the person to be engaged has successfully completed a training course in traffic control approved by SafeWork NSW or a roads authority.\n> \n> > (3) A traffic controller must wear a badge or other distinguishing mark clearly indicating the person is a traffic controller.\n> \n> > (4) A person must not disregard the reasonable directions of a traffic controller with respect to the regulation of traffic.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty (subclause (4)): 20 penalty units.","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Procedure for naming roads","content":"#### 7 Procedure for naming roads\n\n7 Procedure for naming roads\n\n> > (1) A roads authority that proposes to name or rename a road must—\n> > \n> > > (a) publish notice of the proposal in a local newspaper or on the roads authority’s website, and\n> > \n> > > (b) notify all relevant parties of the proposal.\n> \n> > (2) The notice must state that written submissions on the proposed name may be made to the roads authority and must specify how, and the date by which, submissions are to be made.\n> \n> > (3) Any person may make written submissions to the roads authority on its proposal to name or rename a road.\n> \n> > (4) A roads authority (other than the Minister) may not proceed with a proposal to name or rename a road against an objection made by a relevant party except with the approval of the Minister.\n> \n> > (5) If, after considering any submissions duly made to it, the roads authority decides to proceed with the proposed name, the roads authority—\n> > \n> > > (a) must publish notice of the new name in the Gazette and in a local newspaper or on the roads authority’s website, giving (in the case of a road that is being named for the first time) a brief description of the location of the road, and\n> > \n> > > (b) must notify the relevant parties of the new name, giving sufficient particulars to enable the road to be identified.\n> \n> > (6) In this clause, relevant party means the following—\n> > \n> > > (a) Australia Post,\n> > \n> > > (b) the Registrar-General,\n> > \n> > > (c) the Surveyor-General,\n> > \n> > > (d) the chief executive of the Ambulance Service of NSW,\n> > \n> > > (e) Fire and Rescue NSW,\n> > \n> > > (f) the NSW Rural Fire Service,\n> > \n> > > (g) the NSW Police Force,\n> > \n> > > (h) the NSW State Emergency Service,\n> > \n> > > (i) VRA Rescue NSW Limited,\n> > \n> > > (j) in relation to a classified road—TfNSW.\n> \n> **cl 7:** Am 2025 No 48, Sch 2.12.","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"Division 2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Protection of roads and traffic","content":"## Division 2 Protection of roads and traffic\n\nDivision 2 Protection of roads and traffic","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Things placed on and use of roads","content":"#### 8 Things placed on and use of roads\n\n8 Things placed on and use of roads\n\n> > (1) A person must not—\n> > \n> > > (a) place on a road anything that is likely to injure any person or damage any vehicle, or\n> > \n> > > (b) place on a road anything that is likely to restrict or endanger the use of a road by the public or interfere with public convenience, or\n> > \n> > > (c) load or unload a vehicle on or from the shoulder of a road in a manner that is likely to cause damage to the road, or\n> > \n> > > (d) allow to escape onto a road any liquid or any loose or waste material.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—20 penalty units.\n> \n> > (2) Subclause (1) does not apply to—\n> > \n> > > (a) the placement on a road of a building waste storage container, to the extent to which its placement is authorised by or under the [Local Government Act 1993](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1993-030), or\n> > \n> > > (b) the placement on a road of a garbage bin, bag or other receptacle or of other refuse collectible by the council, to the extent to which its placement is authorised by or under the [Local Government Act 1993](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1993-030), so long as it is placed—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) beside the carriageway of the road, and\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) out of the line of traffic, or\n> > \n> > > (c) the doing of anything on a road with the consent of the relevant roads authority, or\n> > \n> > > (d) the temporary placement of anything on a road as a result of the breakdown of the vehicle or animal by which it is being carried.\n> \n> > (3) A person who leaves anything on a road because of the breakdown of the vehicle or animal by which it is being carried—\n> > \n> > > (a) must place it out of the line of traffic, and\n> > \n> > > (b) must ensure that it is adequately guarded to prevent it being a danger to the public, and\n> > \n> > > (c) must ensure that it is adequately lit at night, and\n> > \n> > > (d) must cause it to be removed from the road as soon as practicable.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—20 penalty units.","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Protection of roads","content":"#### 9 Protection of roads\n\n9 Protection of roads\n\n> A person must not—\n> \n> > (a) drive a vehicle or animal on a road in such a manner as to cause damage (other than fair wear and tear) to the road or to any structure or work on the road, or\n> \n> > (b) tether in any road any animal that is capable of causing damage to the road or to any structure or work on the road.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Dragging things on road","content":"#### 10 Dragging things on road\n\n10 Dragging things on road\n\n> > (1) A person must not—\n> > \n> > > (a) propel or drag anything along the surface of a road that is capable of causing damage to the road or to any structure or work on the road, fair wear and tear excepted, or\n> > \n> > > (b) drive a vehicle with chains on its wheels otherwise than on a road whose surface is covered with mud, snow or ice.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n> \n> > (2) A person must not, except with the permission of the roads authority, drive on a road a vehicle that has caterpillar tracks or that has wheels having spikes, bars or other projections that come into contact with the road surface.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—20 penalty units.","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"11","sectionType":"section","heading":"Vehicles in disrepair","content":"#### 11 Vehicles in disrepair\n\n11 Vehicles in disrepair\n\n> A person must not drive a vehicle on a road if the vehicle is in such a state of disrepair as to cause damage to the road or to any structure or work on the road, fair wear and tear excepted.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"Division 3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Protection of public safety","content":"## Division 3 Protection of public safety\n\nDivision 3 Protection of public safety","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Lighting and fencing of obstructions and dangers","content":"#### 12 Lighting and fencing of obstructions and dangers\n\n12 Lighting and fencing of obstructions and dangers\n\n> Any person (including a roads authority) who carries out a work on a road in such a manner as to create a traffic hazard—\n> \n> > (a) must ensure that the hazard is adequately guarded to prevent it being a danger to the public, and\n> \n> > (b) must ensure that the hazard is adequately lit at night.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—20 penalty units.","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Lights on roads","content":"#### 13 Lights on roads\n\n13 Lights on roads\n\n> A person must not extinguish, interfere with or obscure any street light or hazard warning light on a road.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—20 penalty units.","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Jumping onto or from bridges and other structures","content":"#### 14 Jumping onto or from bridges and other structures\n\n14 Jumping onto or from bridges and other structures\n\n> > (1) A person must not jump onto or from any portion of a bridge or other structure that is situated on, or forms part of, a road.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—30 penalty units.\n> \n> > (2) A roads authority may, either unconditionally or subject to conditions, exempt any person or class of persons in writing from the operation of this clause.","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"Division 4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Protection from neighbouring land","content":"## Division 4 Protection from neighbouring land\n\nDivision 4 Protection from neighbouring land","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"15","sectionType":"section","heading":"Throwing things onto roads or vehicles","content":"#### 15 Throwing things onto roads or vehicles\n\n15 Throwing things onto roads or vehicles\n\n> A person must not, without the permission of a roads authority, cast or throw anything onto a road, or into or onto a vehicle on a road, from anywhere (including the road).\n> \n> Maximum penalty—30 penalty units.","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"16","sectionType":"section","heading":"Property to be sufficiently spouted","content":"#### 16 Property to be sufficiently spouted\n\n16 Property to be sufficiently spouted\n\n> The occupier of land having frontage to a road must not allow water to drip or flow from the land onto any part of the road other than the gutter.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"17","sectionType":"section","heading":"Excavations adjacent to road","content":"#### 17 Excavations adjacent to road\n\n17 Excavations adjacent to road\n\n> A person must not excavate land in the vicinity of a road if the excavation is capable of causing damage to the road (such as by way of subsidence) or to any work or structure on the road.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—20 penalty units.","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"18","sectionType":"section","heading":"Obstruction on footway or road","content":"#### 18 Obstruction on footway or road\n\n18 Obstruction on footway or road\n\n> A person must not erect, maintain or use a door or gate that opens outwards into a road.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"Part 3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Tollways","content":"# Part 3 Tollways\n\nPart 3 Tollways","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"19","sectionType":"section","heading":"Driver of vehicle to pay tolls and charges","content":"#### 19 Driver of vehicle to pay tolls and charges\n\n19 Driver of vehicle to pay tolls and charges\n\n> > (1) The driver of a vehicle that passes a toll point on a tollway must pay any toll or charge payable for the use of the tollway to the toll operator at or within the time and in the manner specified by the toll operator in respect of the tollway.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—5 penalty units.\n> > \n> > Note.\n> > \n> > Section 244 of the Act makes the owner of a vehicle guilty of an offence under this clause unless the vehicle was stolen or the owner nominates another person as the person in charge of the vehicle at the time of the offence.\n> \n> > (2) A requirement to pay a toll or charge includes a requirement to pay the toll or charge in accordance with any terms and conditions (including a term requiring the payment of an administrative charge) that may be imposed by a toll operator in relation to the particular manner of payment of the toll or charge.\n> \n> > (3) A toll operator must publish the following information on the toll operator’s website in relation to each tollway it operates—\n> > \n> > > (a) the amount of the toll payable for the use of the tollway and how that amount is calculated,\n> > \n> > > (b) the amount of any charge (including an administrative charge) payable by the driver for the use of the tollway and how that amount is calculated,\n> > \n> > > (c) the time within which a toll or charge must be paid,\n> > \n> > > (d) the manner in which a toll or charge may be paid,\n> > \n> > > (e) any other terms and conditions that apply to the payment of the toll or charge,\n> > \n> > > (f) the procedure for objecting to the imposition of a toll or charge or the amount of a toll or charge imposed,\n> > \n> > > (g) that it is an offence for the driver of a vehicle that passes a toll point to not pay a toll or charge payable for the use of the tollway,\n> > \n> > > (h) any other information required by TfNSW in relation to the tolls and charges payable for the use of the tollway.\n> \n> > (4) A toll operator may also indicate, by the use of signs approved by TfNSW, any of the information referred to in subclause (3).\n> \n> > (5) A toll operator may waive a toll or charge in respect of a particular vehicle or class of vehicles.\n> \n> > (6) Nothing in clause 35 or 36 affects the requirement to pay a toll or charge under this clause.","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"20","sectionType":"section","heading":"Person must not interfere with toll equipment","content":"#### 20 Person must not interfere with toll equipment\n\n20 Person must not interfere with toll equipment\n\n> > A person must not, without reasonable excuse, tamper or otherwise interfere with any equipment used in connection with the collection of a toll (such as an electronic device, a sensor unit or an electronic boom gate).\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"21","sectionType":"section","heading":"Objections in relation to payment of tolls and charges","content":"#### 21 Objections in relation to payment of tolls and charges\n\n21 Objections in relation to payment of tolls and charges\n\n> > (1) A person (the objector) who has paid a toll or charge, or who is required to pay a toll or charge, under this Part may object to—\n> > \n> > > (a) the imposition of the toll or charge, or\n> > \n> > > (b) the amount of the toll or charge imposed,\n> > \n> > if the objector is of the opinion that he or she is not liable for the toll or charge (or the full amount of the toll or charge) imposed.\n> \n> > (2) An objection must—\n> > \n> > > (a) be made within 60 days after the liability to pay the toll or charge is incurred, and\n> > \n> > > (b) be made in writing and specify the grounds of the objection.\n> \n> > (3) A toll operator must, within 14 days after receiving the objection—\n> > \n> > > (a) deal with the objection by—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) reimbursing the objector for all or part of the toll or charge, or\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) waiving payment of all or part of the toll or charge, or\n> > > \n> > > > (iii) dismissing the objection, and\n> > \n> > > (b) notify the objector of the decision on the objection, and\n> > \n> > > (c) inform the objector of the right to apply for an internal review of the decision as referred to in clause 22.","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"22","sectionType":"section","heading":"Internal reviews of objection decisions","content":"#### 22 Internal reviews of objection decisions\n\n22 Internal reviews of objection decisions\n\n> > (1) A person may apply to a toll operator for an internal review of the toll operator’s decision on an objection made under clause 21 (3) (a) (the original decision) if the person is not satisfied with the original decision.\n> \n> > (2) A person may also apply to a toll operator for an internal review if the toll operator does not deal with an objection under clause 21 (3) (a) within 14 days of receiving the objection.\n> \n> > (3) An application for internal review under subclause (1) must be made within 14 days after the person is notified of the original decision.\n> \n> > (4) An application for internal review under subclause (2) must be made within 28 days after the person made the objection.\n> \n> > (5) An application for internal review must be in writing and specify the grounds of the application.\n> \n> > (6) An application for internal review is to be dealt with by an individual directed by the toll operator to deal with the application (the reviewer). The reviewer must be a person who was not substantially involved in making the original decision.\n> \n> > (7) The reviewer must, within 21 days after receiving an application—\n> > \n> > > (a) confirm, vary or revoke the original decision, and\n> > \n> > > (b) notify the person of the decision on the internal review.","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"23","sectionType":"section","heading":"Security indicators for toll camera photographs","content":"#### 23 Security indicators for toll camera photographs\n\n23 Security indicators for toll camera photographs\n\n> > (1) For the purposes of section 250A (2) (b) of the Act, the following are prescribed as a security indicator—\n> > \n> > > (a) a series of 32 characters produced by an MD5 algorithm,\n> > \n> > > (b) a series of 48 characters of which 32 characters have been produced by an MD5 algorithm.\n> \n> > (2) In this clause, character includes a letter, number or symbol.","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"24","sectionType":"section","heading":"Inspection of toll cameras","content":"#### 24 Inspection of toll cameras\n\n24 Inspection of toll cameras\n\n> For the purposes of section 250A (3) (b) of the Act, the period of 90 days is prescribed.","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"25","sectionType":"section","heading":"Divulging of information from toll cameras to prescribed persons","content":"#### 25 Divulging of information from toll cameras to prescribed persons\n\n25 Divulging of information from toll cameras to prescribed persons\n\n> For the purpose of section 250A (5) (e) of the Act, the following are prescribed—\n> \n> > (a) the Minister,\n> \n> > (b) a law enforcement agency within the meaning of the [Privacy and Personal Information Protection Act 1998](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1998-133),\n> \n> > (c) a public sector agency within the meaning of the [Privacy and Personal Information Protection Act 1998](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1998-133).","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"26","sectionType":"section","heading":"Vehicles exempt from paying tolls and charges","content":"#### 26 Vehicles exempt from paying tolls and charges\n\n26 Vehicles exempt from paying tolls and charges\n\n> > (1) The following vehicles are exempt from paying a toll or charge to use a tollway (other than the Sydney Harbour Bridge or Sydney Harbour Tunnel)—\n> > \n> > > (a) marked police vehicles,\n> > \n> > > (b) unmarked police vehicles displaying a flashing light or sounding an alarm,\n> > \n> > > (c) Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles,\n> > \n> > > (d) ambulances.\n> \n> > (2) The vehicles that are exempt from paying a toll or charge to use the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Sydney Harbour Tunnel are vehicles in a class specified in an order under section 215 of the Act as exempt from paying a toll to use the Sydney Harbour Bridge.","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"27","sectionType":"section","heading":"Vehicles to use carriageways","content":"#### 27 Vehicles to use carriageways\n\n27 Vehicles to use carriageways\n\n> > (1) A person must not drive a motor vehicle on any part of a tollway other than a carriageway.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n> \n> > (2) This clause does not prohibit a person from doing such things as are necessary to enable the person to comply with the requirements of clause 31.","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"28","sectionType":"section","heading":"Pedestrians to use footways and footbridges","content":"#### 28 Pedestrians to use footways and footbridges\n\n28 Pedestrians to use footways and footbridges\n\n> > (1) A pedestrian must not go onto any part of a tollway other than a footway or footbridge.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n> \n> > (2) This clause does not prohibit a person from doing such things as are necessary to enable the person to comply with the requirements of clause 31.","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"29","sectionType":"section","heading":"Leaving motor vehicles unattended","content":"#### 29 Leaving motor vehicles unattended\n\n29 Leaving motor vehicles unattended\n\n> > (1) A person who is in charge of a motor vehicle that is situated on a tollway must not leave the vehicle unattended.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—20 penalty units.\n> \n> > (2) This clause does not prohibit a person from doing such things as are necessary to enable the person to comply with the requirements of clause 31.","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"30","sectionType":"section","heading":"Unloading of motor vehicles","content":"#### 30 Unloading of motor vehicles\n\n30 Unloading of motor vehicles\n\n> A person must not load or unload a motor vehicle on or from any part of a tollway or its carriageway otherwise than in accordance with a direction given by an authorised officer under clause 35.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"31","sectionType":"section","heading":"Breakdowns","content":"#### 31 Breakdowns\n\n31 Breakdowns\n\n> The driver of a motor vehicle that breaks down while travelling along a tollway must take all reasonable steps to ensure that the vehicle—\n> \n> > (a) does not constitute a hazard to other motor vehicles, and\n> \n> > (b) is removed from the tollway as soon as is practicable.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—20 penalty units.","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"32","sectionType":"section","heading":"Straying animals","content":"#### 32 Straying animals\n\n32 Straying animals\n\n> A person who is in charge of an animal must not allow the animal to stray onto any part of a tollway.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"33","sectionType":"section","heading":"Maximum fees for toll services","content":"#### 33 Maximum fees for toll services\n\n33 Maximum fees for toll services\n\n> > (1) The Minister may, by order published in the Gazette, fix the maximum fee that a toll service provider may charge a toll operator in connection with the provision of toll services.\n> \n> > (2) Without limiting subclause (1), an order may—\n> > \n> > > (a) specify the maximum fee or the manner in which the maximum fee is to be calculated, and\n> > \n> > > (b) fix different maximum fees for different classes of tollways, bridges, tunnels or road-ferries or for different classes of toll service providers.\n> \n> > (3) A toll service provider must not charge a toll operator a fee that exceeds the applicable maximum fee fixed by an order under this clause.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—5 penalty units.\n> \n> > (4) In this clause—\n> > \n> > toll service provider means a person who provides toll services.\n> > \n> > toll services means accounts, products or related services that enable the payment of tolls for the use of tollways, bridges, tunnels or road-ferries by persons who are required to pay such tolls.","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"34","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application of section 101 and Division 3 of Part 9 of the Act","content":"#### 34 Application of section 101 and Division 3 of Part 9 of the Act\n\n34 Application of section 101 and Division 3 of Part 9 of the Act\n\n> > (1) The following provisions of the Act apply to and in respect of a tollway that is operated by TfNSW or NSW Motorways in the same way as they apply to and in respect of a public road—\n> > \n> > > (a) section 101 (Restoration of public road following excavation etc),\n> > \n> > > (b) Division 3 of Part 9 (which regulates the erection of structures and the carrying out of works on public roads),\n> > \n> > > (c) such other provisions of the Act as are ancillary to the operation of section 101 and Division 3 of Part 9.\n> \n> > (2) A reference in those provisions to a public road is taken to be a reference to the tollway and a reference in those provisions to a roads authority is taken to be a reference to TfNSW or NSW Motorways, as applicable.\n> \n> > (3) This clause does not apply to a tollway operated by a toll operator other than TfNSW or NSW Motorways.\n> \n> **cl 34:** Am 2025 (306), Sch 1\\[1\\] \\[2\\].","sortOrder":43},{"sectionNumber":"35","sectionType":"section","heading":"Directions by authorised officers","content":"#### 35 Directions by authorised officers\n\n35 Directions by authorised officers\n\n> > (1) An authorised officer may give directions with respect to—\n> > \n> > > (a) the regulation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic on a tollway, and\n> > \n> > > (b) the safety of a tollway and of persons and property on the tollway.\n> \n> > (2) A person must not contravene a lawful direction given to the person under this clause.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—20 penalty units.","sortOrder":44},{"sectionNumber":"36","sectionType":"section","heading":"Directions by notice","content":"#### 36 Directions by notice\n\n36 Directions by notice\n\n> > (1) A toll operator may display notices containing directions with respect to—\n> > \n> > > (a) the regulation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic on a tollway, or\n> > \n> > > (b) the safety of a tollway and of persons and property on the tollway.\n> \n> > (2) Such a notice does not have effect unless—\n> > \n> > > (a) it is prominently displayed on or in the vicinity of that part of the tollway to which it is intended to apply, and\n> > \n> > > (b) the directions contained in it are clearly legible to those persons to whom it is intended to apply.\n> \n> > (3) A person must not contravene a lawful direction contained in a notice displayed in accordance with this clause.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—20 penalty units.","sortOrder":45},{"sectionNumber":"37","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application of Part to police officers and authorised officers","content":"#### 37 Application of Part to police officers and authorised officers\n\n37 Application of Part to police officers and authorised officers\n\n> This Part does not apply to a police officer or an authorised officer in the exercise of a function as a police officer or authorised officer.","sortOrder":46},{"sectionNumber":"38","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application of Part to Sydney Harbour Tunnel and Sydney Harbour Bridge","content":"#### 38 Application of Part to Sydney Harbour Tunnel and Sydney Harbour Bridge\n\n38 Application of Part to Sydney Harbour Tunnel and Sydney Harbour Bridge\n\n> This Part (except clause 34) applies to and in respect of the Sydney Harbour Tunnel and the Sydney Harbour Bridge in the same way as it applies to and in respect of a tollway, and so applies as if a toll or charge for using the Sydney Harbour Tunnel or the Sydney Harbour Bridge (as the case requires) were a toll or charge for using a tollway.","sortOrder":47},{"sectionNumber":"Part 4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Bridges and tunnels","content":"# Part 4 Bridges and tunnels\n\nPart 4 Bridges and tunnels","sortOrder":48},{"sectionNumber":"39","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"#### 39 Definitions\n\n39 Definitions\n\n> In this Part—\n> \n> opening bridge means a bridge that is designed to be opened, whether by lifting or turning a span of the bridge or otherwise.\n> \n> operator of an opening bridge means the person responsible for opening the bridge.","sortOrder":50},{"sectionNumber":"40","sectionType":"section","heading":"Extension of Part to ancillary works and structures","content":"#### 40 Extension of Part to ancillary works and structures\n\n40 Extension of Part to ancillary works and structures\n\n> This Part extends to a work or structure that is ancillary to a bridge or tunnel (such as an approach to a bridge or tunnel) as if it were part of the bridge or tunnel.","sortOrder":51},{"sectionNumber":"41","sectionType":"section","heading":"Behaving unsafely on bridges and tunnels","content":"#### 41 Behaving unsafely on bridges and tunnels\n\n41 Behaving unsafely on bridges and tunnels\n\n> A person must not do anything that—\n> \n> > (a) endangers the stability or structural integrity of a bridge or tunnel, or\n> \n> > (b) interferes with the safe and efficient operation of a bridge or tunnel.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—30 penalty units.","sortOrder":52},{"sectionNumber":"42","sectionType":"section","heading":"Climbing on bridges","content":"#### 42 Climbing on bridges\n\n42 Climbing on bridges\n\n> A person must not—\n> \n> > (a) climb on any part of a bridge, or\n> \n> > (b) remain on the moving span of a bridge while it is closed to traffic.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—30 penalty units.","sortOrder":53},{"sectionNumber":"43","sectionType":"section","heading":"Lighting fires on bridges","content":"#### 43 Lighting fires on bridges\n\n43 Lighting fires on bridges\n\n> A person must not light, maintain or use a fire on, under or in the immediate vicinity of a bridge.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—20 penalty units.","sortOrder":54},{"sectionNumber":"44","sectionType":"section","heading":"Throwing or dropping things from bridges","content":"#### 44 Throwing or dropping things from bridges\n\n44 Throwing or dropping things from bridges\n\n> A person must not throw or drop anything from a bridge.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—30 penalty units.","sortOrder":55},{"sectionNumber":"45","sectionType":"section","heading":"Fishing from bridges","content":"#### 45 Fishing from bridges\n\n45 Fishing from bridges\n\n> > (1) A roads authority may prohibit fishing from a bridge, or any part of a bridge, by means of notices conspicuously displayed on or adjacent to the bridge.\n> \n> > (2) A person must not fish from a bridge in contravention of any such notice.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—5 penalty units.","sortOrder":56},{"sectionNumber":"46","sectionType":"section","heading":"Control of traffic on opening bridges","content":"#### 46 Control of traffic on opening bridges\n\n46 Control of traffic on opening bridges\n\n> > (1) A roads authority or bridge operator may give any directions that are necessary for the regulation of traffic in relation to the opening and closing of the bridge.\n> \n> > (2) A person must not contravene a lawful direction given to the person under this clause.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—20 penalty units.","sortOrder":57},{"sectionNumber":"47","sectionType":"section","heading":"Cyclists to use cycleways on Sydney Harbour Bridge","content":"#### 47 Cyclists to use cycleways on Sydney Harbour Bridge\n\n47 Cyclists to use cycleways on Sydney Harbour Bridge\n\n> A person must not ride a bicycle on any part of the Sydney Harbour Bridge other than a cycleway.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":58},{"sectionNumber":"48","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regulation of commercial activities on Sydney Harbour Bridge and ANZAC Bridge","content":"#### 48 Regulation of commercial activities on Sydney Harbour Bridge and ANZAC Bridge\n\n48 Regulation of commercial activities on Sydney Harbour Bridge and ANZAC Bridge\n\n> > (1) A person must not, on the Sydney Harbour Bridge or on the ANZAC Bridge—\n> > \n> > > (a) sell or hire any goods, or offer any goods for sale or hire, or\n> > \n> > > (b) provide or offer to provide any services for fee, gain or reward, or\n> > \n> > > (c) conduct or participate in any entertainment or exhibition (whether or not for fee, gain or reward), or\n> > \n> > > (d) conduct or participate in any public assembly or public procession, or\n> > \n> > > (e) display any advertisement (otherwise than on a vehicle travelling across the Bridge) or distribute any advertising matter,\n> > \n> > otherwise than under and in accordance with a permit issued by TfNSW.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—5 penalty units.\n> \n> > (2) This clause does not affect the operation of Part 4 (Public assemblies) of the [Summary Offences Act 1988](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1988-025).","sortOrder":59},{"sectionNumber":"48A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Major bridge, tunnel or road","content":"#### 48A Major bridge, tunnel or road\n\n48A Major bridge, tunnel or road\n\n> > (1) For the Act, section 144G, definition of major bridge, tunnel or road, the following are prescribed for the purposes of that section—\n> > \n> > > (a) a main road,\n> > \n> > > (b) a highway,\n> > \n> > > (c) a freeway,\n> > \n> > > (d) a tollway,\n> > \n> > > (e) a bridge or tunnel that joins a road referred to in paragraphs (a)–(d),\n> > \n> > > (f) a bridge or tunnel in—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) the Greater Sydney Region, or\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) the City of Newcastle, or\n> > > \n> > > > (iii) the City of Wollongong.\n> > \n> > Example—\n> > \n> > the Spit Bridge across Middle Harbour\n> \n> > (2) In this clause—\n> > \n> > Greater Sydney Region has the same meaning as in the [Greater Sydney Commission Act 2015](/view/html/repealed/current/act-2015-057), as in force on the commencement of this clause.\n> \n> **cl 48A:** Ins 2022 (103), sec 3. Am 2022 (125), sec 3; 2022 (136), sec 3(1)–(3).","sortOrder":60},{"sectionNumber":"49","sectionType":"section","heading":"Exemptions","content":"#### 49 Exemptions\n\n49 Exemptions\n\n> A roads authority may, either unconditionally or subject to conditions, exempt any person or class of persons in writing from the operation of any provision of this Division.","sortOrder":61},{"sectionNumber":"50","sectionType":"section","heading":"Navigation lights for opening bridges","content":"#### 50 Navigation lights for opening bridges\n\n50 Navigation lights for opening bridges\n\n> An operator of an opening bridge must ensure that the following navigation lights are displayed to vessels approaching the bridge from either direction—\n> \n> > (a) a green light to indicate the starboard hand of the channel,\n> \n> > (b) a red light to indicate the port hand of the channel.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":63},{"sectionNumber":"51","sectionType":"section","heading":"Passing near or through opening bridges","content":"#### 51 Passing near or through opening bridges\n\n51 Passing near or through opening bridges\n\n> > (1) The master of a vessel who does not intend to pass through an opening bridge must keep the vessel a safe distance from the bridge (or, if TfNSW has determined a minimum distance that must be kept between a vessel and a particular bridge, that minimum distance).\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n> \n> > (2) The master of a vessel who intends to pass through an opening bridge may give the bridge operator notice of that intention by—\n> > \n> > > (a) giving the **request bridge open** signal, or\n> > \n> > > (b) communicating directly to the bridge operator by telephone or 2-way radio, or\n> > \n> > > (c) giving written notice in accordance with subclause (7).\n> \n> > (3) The master of the vessel must keep the vessel a safe distance from the opening bridge (or, if TfNSW has determined a minimum distance that must be kept between a vessel and a particular bridge, that minimum distance) until the bridge operator has—\n> > \n> > > (a) given the **bridge open** signal, or\n> > \n> > > (b) communicated directly with the master by telephone or 2-way radio that the bridge is open.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n> \n> > (4) After a bridge has been opened to allow a vessel to pass through, the master of the vessel—\n> > \n> > > (a) must—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) give the bridge operator the **ready to pass through** signal, or\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) communicate directly to the bridge operator by telephone or 2-way radio that the vessel is ready to pass through the open bridge, and\n> > \n> > > (b) after doing so, must take the vessel through the bridge without delay.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n> \n> > (5) The master of the vessel must not cause or allow the vessel to pass through or under an opening bridge except under power or on tow.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n> \n> > (6) If the vessel is not ready to pass through the bridge within 5 minutes after the bridge is opened, the bridge operator—\n> > \n> > > (a) may—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) replace the **bridge open** signal with the **request acknowledged** signal, or\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) communicate directly to the master of the vessel by telephone or 2-way radio that the bridge operator intends to close the bridge, and\n> > \n> > > (b) after doing so, may close the bridge.\n> \n> > (7) A written notice referred to in subclause (2) (c)—\n> > \n> > > (a) must be given to the bridge operator at least 15 minutes (or, if TfNSW has determined a longer period for a particular bridge, that longer period) before the vessel is ready to pass through, and\n> > \n> > > (b) must state the approximate time when the bridge is required to be opened.\n> \n> > (8) This clause does not apply in relation to a vessel that, because of its size, does not require the bridge to be opened in order to pass through the bridge.","sortOrder":64},{"sectionNumber":"52","sectionType":"section","heading":"Signals for use for opening bridges","content":"#### 52 Signals for use for opening bridges\n\n52 Signals for use for opening bridges\n\n> > (1) The **request acknowledged** signal to be displayed by a bridge operator to acknowledge a request to open the bridge for a vessel is as follows—\n> > \n> > > (a) between sunrise and sunset, a red semaphore arm, a red flag or a red light,\n> > \n> > > (b) between sunset and sunrise, a red light.\n> \n> > (2) The **bridge open** signal to be displayed by a bridge operator to indicate that the bridge is open for vessels to pass through is as follows—\n> > \n> > > (a) between sunrise and sunset, a green semaphore arm, a green flag or a green light,\n> > \n> > > (b) between sunset and sunrise, a green light.","sortOrder":65},{"sectionNumber":"53","sectionType":"section","heading":"Signals given by vessels","content":"#### 53 Signals given by vessels\n\n53 Signals given by vessels\n\n> > (1) The **request open bridge** signal for a vessel that requires a bridge to be opened is to be given by 3 long blasts on the vessel’s siren or whistle.\n> \n> > (2) The **ready to pass through** signal for a vessel that is ready to pass through an open bridge is to be given by one long blast, followed by one short blast, on the vessel’s siren or whistle.","sortOrder":66},{"sectionNumber":"Part 5","sectionType":"part","heading":"Ferries","content":"# Part 5 Ferries\n\nPart 5 Ferries","sortOrder":67},{"sectionNumber":"54","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definition","content":"#### 54 Definition\n\n54 Definition\n\n> In this Part—\n> \n> ferry means a road-ferry, and includes any vessel, equipment or structure that is used in connection with the operation of a road-ferry.","sortOrder":69},{"sectionNumber":"55","sectionType":"section","heading":"Timetables","content":"#### 55 Timetables\n\n55 Timetables\n\n> > (1) A roads authority—\n> > \n> > > (a) may fix a timetable for any ferry under its control, and\n> > \n> > > (b) may determine the maximum capacity of the ferry, and\n> > \n> > > (c) may restrict or prohibit the use of the ferry for the carriage of stock or heavy vehicles between 10 pm and 6 am.\n> \n> > (2) The roads authority must ensure that the ferry is operated—\n> > \n> > > (a) at the times displayed in the timetable for the ferry, or\n> > \n> > > (b) if no timetable is fixed for the ferry, at any time its use is demanded.\n> \n> > (3) However, the ferry is not required to operate during adverse weather, if to do so would risk loss of life or property, or during any period while the ferry is temporarily closed as referred to in clause 57.","sortOrder":70},{"sectionNumber":"56","sectionType":"section","heading":"Ferries to have notice boards","content":"#### 56 Ferries to have notice boards\n\n56 Ferries to have notice boards\n\n> > (1) The roads authority must cause a notice to be conspicuously displayed at each part of the road from which access to the ferry is gained.\n> \n> > (2) The notice must contain the following particulars—\n> > \n> > > (a) the name of the ferry,\n> > \n> > > (b) the ferry operator’s name,\n> > \n> > > (c) the timetable for the ferry (if any),\n> > \n> > > (d) the charges (if any) that are payable for use of the ferry,\n> > \n> > > (e) the maximum capacity of the ferry,\n> > \n> > > (f) the restrictions or prohibitions (if any) that apply to the use of the ferry for the carriage of stock or heavy vehicles between 10 pm and 6 am.\n> \n> > (3) A person must not damage, deface or destroy a notice displayed in accordance with this clause.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—5 penalty units.","sortOrder":71},{"sectionNumber":"57","sectionType":"section","heading":"Temporary ferry closures","content":"#### 57 Temporary ferry closures\n\n57 Temporary ferry closures\n\n> > (1) The roads authority may temporarily close a ferry for any reason (such as unavailability of a ferry operator or loss or damage to the ferry) that the roads authority considers necessary.\n> \n> > (2) While the ferry is closed, the roads authority must cause notice of the closure—\n> > \n> > > (a) to be conspicuously displayed at each part of the road from which access to the ferry is gained, and\n> > \n> > > (b) to be published in the local area by means of local newspaper, television, radio or the road authority’s website).","sortOrder":72},{"sectionNumber":"58","sectionType":"section","heading":"Passengers to pay ferry charges","content":"#### 58 Passengers to pay ferry charges\n\n58 Passengers to pay ferry charges\n\n> A person must not use a ferry for which a charge is payable unless the charge has been paid.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—5 penalty units.","sortOrder":74},{"sectionNumber":"59","sectionType":"section","heading":"Passengers to embark on or disembark from ferries only with ferry operator’s permission","content":"#### 59 Passengers to embark on or disembark from ferries only with ferry operator’s permission\n\n59 Passengers to embark on or disembark from ferries only with ferry operator’s permission\n\n> A person must not embark on, or disembark from, a ferry until allowed to do so by the ferry operator.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":75},{"sectionNumber":"60","sectionType":"section","heading":"Animals and vehicles to embark on or disembark from ferries only on ferry operator’s instructions","content":"#### 60 Animals and vehicles to embark on or disembark from ferries only on ferry operator’s instructions\n\n60 Animals and vehicles to embark on or disembark from ferries only on ferry operator’s instructions\n\n> > (1) A person must not drive a vehicle or animal towards a ferry beyond any sign displaying the word “STOP” on or in the vicinity of the ferry until the person is allowed to do so by the ferry operator.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n> \n> > (2) A person must not drive a vehicle or animal off a ferry until the person is allowed to do so by the ferry operator.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":76},{"sectionNumber":"61","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regulation of commercial activities","content":"#### 61 Regulation of commercial activities\n\n61 Regulation of commercial activities\n\n> > (1) A person must not, on a ferry—\n> > \n> > > (a) sell or hire any goods, or offer any goods for sale or hire, or\n> > \n> > > (b) provide or offer to provide any services for fee, gain or reward, or\n> > \n> > > (c) conduct or participate in any entertainment or exhibition (whether or not for fee, gain or reward).\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—5 penalty units.\n> \n> > (2) This clause does not affect the operation of Part 4 (Public assemblies) of the [Summary Offences Act 1988](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1988-025).","sortOrder":77},{"sectionNumber":"62","sectionType":"section","heading":"Confusing lights not to be displayed","content":"#### 62 Confusing lights not to be displayed\n\n62 Confusing lights not to be displayed\n\n> > (1) A ferry operator may direct a person in charge of a vehicle on the ferry to extinguish any light on the vehicle if satisfied that the light—\n> > \n> > > (a) is likely to be mistaken for the navigation light of a ship, or\n> > \n> > > (b) is likely to interfere with the safe operation of the ferry.\n> \n> > (2) A person must not fail to comply with a lawful direction given to the person under this clause.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":78},{"sectionNumber":"63","sectionType":"section","heading":"Passengers on foot to use only areas set aside for them","content":"#### 63 Passengers on foot to use only areas set aside for them\n\n63 Passengers on foot to use only areas set aside for them\n\n> A foot passenger must not occupy any portion of a ferry set apart for vehicles or animals if special accommodation for foot passengers exists on the ferry.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":79},{"sectionNumber":"64","sectionType":"section","heading":"General offences","content":"#### 64 General offences\n\n64 General offences\n\n> A person must not—\n> \n> > (a) obstruct or interfere with a ferry, or\n> \n> > (b) obstruct a ferry operator, or\n> \n> > (c) obstruct any person boarding or leaving a ferry, or\n> \n> > (d) leave unattended on a ferry any vehicle or animal that is under the person’s control, or\n> \n> > (e) open any container of petrol or other flammable spirit or oil, or strike a match or expose a naked light on a ferry, except in connection with the working of the ferry, or\n> \n> > (f) smoke on a ferry, or\n> \n> > (g) move onto or occupy a position on the flap of a ferry while the ferry is in motion, or before permission to embark or disembark has been signified by the ferry operator.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":80},{"sectionNumber":"65","sectionType":"section","heading":"Control of traffic on ferries","content":"#### 65 Control of traffic on ferries\n\n65 Control of traffic on ferries\n\n> > (1) A ferry operator may give such directions as the ferry operator considers necessary for the regulation of traffic in relation to the operation of the ferry.\n> \n> > (2) In particular, a ferry operator may direct any passenger to leave the ferry, or to remove any vehicle, animal or goods from the ferry, if satisfied that it is necessary to do so for the safe operation of the ferry.\n> \n> > (3) A person must not contravene any lawful direction given to the person under this clause.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n> \n> > (4) A ferry operator may refuse to operate the ferry while any direction under this clause is not complied with.","sortOrder":81},{"sectionNumber":"66","sectionType":"section","heading":"Gates and exits","content":"#### 66 Gates and exits\n\n66 Gates and exits\n\n> > (1) A ferry operator must keep all gates and exits from the ferry securely closed while a ferry is in motion.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.\n> \n> > (2) A ferry operator must cause the ferry to be securely moored and the gates adjusted before allowing any person, vehicle or animal to embark on, or disembark from, the ferry.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":83},{"sectionNumber":"67","sectionType":"section","heading":"Ferry approaches","content":"#### 67 Ferry approaches\n\n67 Ferry approaches\n\n> The roads authority must ensure that the approaches to the ferry are sufficiently lit during darkness to ensure the safety and convenience of ferry passengers.","sortOrder":84},{"sectionNumber":"Part 6","sectionType":"part","heading":"Public gates","content":"# Part 6 Public gates\n\nPart 6 Public gates","sortOrder":85},{"sectionNumber":"68","sectionType":"section","heading":"Consent of adjoining landowner to be obtained","content":"#### 68 Consent of adjoining landowner to be obtained\n\n68 Consent of adjoining landowner to be obtained\n\n> An application for a public gate permit that is made by a person who owns land on one side only of the road across which the proposed public gate is to be erected must be accompanied by the written consent of the owner or owners of the land on the other side of the road.","sortOrder":86},{"sectionNumber":"69","sectionType":"section","heading":"Notice inviting objections","content":"#### 69 Notice inviting objections\n\n69 Notice inviting objections\n\n> Before determining an application for a public gate permit, the roads authority—\n> \n> > (a) must cause notice of the proposal to erect a public gate (including particulars as to the proposed location of the gate) to be published in a local newspaper or on the roads authority’s website, and\n> \n> > (b) must allow sufficient time (being not less than 28 days from the date of publication of the notice) for written submissions on the proposal to be made to the roads authority, and\n> \n> > (c) must have due regard to any written submissions on the proposal that are made to the roads authority within that time.","sortOrder":87},{"sectionNumber":"70","sectionType":"section","heading":"Maintenance of public gates","content":"#### 70 Maintenance of public gates\n\n70 Maintenance of public gates\n\n> The holder of a public gate permit must ensure that—\n> \n> > (a) the gate is white, and\n> \n> > (b) the posts on either side of the gate are fitted with reflectors facing along the road in each direction.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":88},{"sectionNumber":"71","sectionType":"section","heading":"Road near gate","content":"#### 71 Road near gate\n\n71 Road near gate\n\n> The holder of a public gate permit must ensure that the road approaches to the gate are maintained in good condition for the distance (not exceeding 20 metres) from each side of the gate, and for the width, determined by the roads authority when granting the permit.\n> \n> Maximum penalty—10 penalty units.","sortOrder":89},{"sectionNumber":"Part 7","sectionType":"part","heading":"Miscellaneous","content":"# Part 7 Miscellaneous\n\nPart 7 Miscellaneous","sortOrder":90},{"sectionNumber":"72","sectionType":"section","heading":"Transfer of application for closing public road","content":"#### 72 Transfer of application for closing public road\n\n72 Transfer of application for closing public road\n\n> > (1) For the purposes of section 34 (2) of the Act, the transfer of an application for the closing of a public road must contain the following information—\n> > \n> > > (a) the name, address and contact details of the proposed transferor and proposed transferee,\n> > \n> > > (b) the application or other reference number,\n> > \n> > > (c) a diagram or description of the road concerned,\n> > \n> > > (d) a statement that the proposed transferor assigns to the proposed transferee the whole of the transferor’s interest in the application and in any money or other property lodged with the Minister in connection with the application.\n> \n> > (2) The transfer must be signed by the proposed transferor and the proposed transferee.\n> \n> > (3) The transfer must be lodged with Department of Planning and Environment – Crown Lands and takes effect on that lodgment.\n> \n> > (4) In this clause, transferor means the original applicant or any person to whom the application is transferred in accordance with this clause.\n> \n> **cl 72:** Am 2022 (368), Sch 1\\[1\\].","sortOrder":91},{"sectionNumber":"73","sectionType":"section","heading":"Transfer of application for acquisition of land for public road","content":"#### 73 Transfer of application for acquisition of land for public road\n\n73 Transfer of application for acquisition of land for public road\n\n> > (1) For the purposes of section 182 (2) of the Act, the transfer of an application for the acquisition of land for the purposes of a public road must contain the following information—\n> > \n> > > (a) the name, address and contact details of the proposed transferor and proposed transferee,\n> > \n> > > (b) the application or other reference number,\n> > \n> > > (c) a diagram or description of the land concerned,\n> > \n> > > (d) a statement that the proposed transferor assigns to the proposed transferee the whole of the transferor’s interest in the application and in any money or other property lodged with the Minister in connection with the application.\n> \n> > (2) The transfer must be signed by the proposed transferor and the proposed transferee.\n> \n> > (3) The transfer must be lodged with Department of Planning and Environment – Crown Lands and takes effect on that lodgment.\n> \n> > (4) In this clause, transferor means the original applicant or any person to whom the application is transferred in accordance with this clause.\n> \n> **cl 73:** Am 2022 (368), Sch 1\\[1\\].","sortOrder":92},{"sectionNumber":"74","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authority to enter land","content":"#### 74 Authority to enter land\n\n74 Authority to enter land\n\n> For the purposes of section 172 (2) (f) of the Act, the following classes are prescribed—\n> \n> > (a) in relation to a certificate of authority issued by the Minister administering the [Crown Land Management Act 2016](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2016-058)—a Public Service senior executive employed in the Department of Planning and Environment,\n> \n> > (b) in relation to a certificate of authority issued by TfNSW—a person employed in the Transport Service who is authorised for the purposes of that section by TfNSW.\n> \n> **cl 74:** Am 2020 No 30, Sch 4.90\\[2\\]; 2022 (368), Sch 1\\[2\\].","sortOrder":93},{"sectionNumber":"75","sectionType":"section","heading":"Evidentiary certificates","content":"#### 75 Evidentiary certificates\n\n75 Evidentiary certificates\n\n> > (1) For the Act, section 248(1), (2) and (4), the following classes of persons are prescribed—\n> > \n> > > (a) in relation to a certificate issued on behalf of the Minister administering the [Crown Land Management Act 2016](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2016-058)—a Public Service senior executive employed in the Department of Planning and Environment,\n> > \n> > > (b) in relation to a certificate issued on behalf of a council—the general manager of the council,\n> > \n> > > (c) in relation to a certificate issued on behalf of TfNSW—a person employed in the Transport Service who is authorised by TfNSW to issue the certificate.\n> \n> > (2) For the Act, section 248(5) in relation to a certificate issued on behalf of TfNSW, a person employed in the Transport Service who is authorised by TfNSW to issue the certificate is prescribed.\n> \n> **cl 75:** Am 2020 No 30, Sch 4.90\\[3\\]. Subst 2022 (368), Sch 1\\[3\\].","sortOrder":94},{"sectionNumber":"76","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authorised officers","content":"#### 76 Authorised officers\n\n76 Authorised officers\n\n> > (1) For the purposes of paragraph (c) of the definition of authorised officer in the Dictionary to the Act, the following classes of persons are prescribed—\n> > \n> > > (a) in respect of dedicated or reserved Crown land under the [Crown Land Management Act 2016](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2016-058)—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) a member of a board of a Crown land manager, and\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) an employee of a Crown land manager, and\n> > > \n> > > > (iii) an administrator for a statutory land manager,\n> > \n> > > (a1) for a Crown road—a Public Service employee employed in the department in which the [Crown Land Management Act 2016](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2016-058) is administered,\n> > \n> > > (b) in respect of a common within the meaning of the [Commons Management Act 1989](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1989-013)—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) a member or employee of the trust board for the trust for the common, and\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) an employee of a local authority appointed to manage the affairs of that trust, and\n> > > \n> > > > (iii) an administrator appointed to manage the affairs of that trust,\n> > \n> > > (c) in respect of a state conservation area within the meaning of the [National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1974-080)—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) a member or employee of the trust board for the state conservation area trust, and\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) an administrator appointed to manage the affairs of that trust,\n> > \n> > > (d) in respect of any land proposed to be used for a road—a person (including a contractor, volunteer or employee of a public authority) engaged or authorised by TfNSW to carry out inspections or investigations relating to any one or more of the following—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) ascertainment of the physical features or conditions of the land,\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) determination of whether the land is suitable for use as a road,\n> > > \n> > > > (iii) determination of any environmental, economic, cultural, social or other impact of the proposed use of the land,\n> > \n> > > (e) in respect of a tollway, the Sydney Harbour Tunnel or the Sydney Harbour Bridge—an employee or agent of the toll operator,\n> > \n> > > (f) a member of staff of Transport for NSW.\n> \n> > (2) An authorised officer referred to in subclause (1) (e) may exercise a function only if (in the case of a function exercised in the presence of a person in respect of whom it is exercised) the authorised officer—\n> > \n> > > (a) wears a uniform issued by the toll operator, or\n> > \n> > > (b) wears an identity card, issued by the toll operator, that is clearly visible.\n> \n> **cl 76:** Am 2025 (285), Sch 1\\[1\\].","sortOrder":95},{"sectionNumber":"77","sectionType":"section","heading":"Public authorities","content":"#### 77 Public authorities\n\n77 Public authorities\n\n> For the purposes of the definition of public authority in the Dictionary to the Act, the following are prescribed—\n> \n> > (a) the Hunter Water Corporation,\n> \n> > (b) the Sydney Water Corporation,\n> \n> > (c) Water NSW,\n> \n> > (d) Sydney Trains,\n> \n> > (e) an energy services corporation within the meaning of the [Energy Services Corporations Act 1995](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1995-095).","sortOrder":96},{"sectionNumber":"78","sectionType":"section","heading":"Provision of information by toll service providers to TfNSW and its delegates","content":"#### 78 Provision of information by toll service providers to TfNSW and its delegates\n\n78 Provision of information by toll service providers to TfNSW and its delegates\n\n> > (1) TfNSW may require a toll service provider to provide TfNSW with any of the following information for the purpose of assisting it to determine an individual’s entitlement to a relevant motor vehicle tax exemption or a relevant registration fee waiver—\n> > \n> > > (a) information evidencing toll payments during the 2017–2018 financial year or any subsequent financial year,\n> > \n> > > (b) account numbers for tolling accounts,\n> > \n> > > (c) electronic tag numbers associated with tolling accounts,\n> > \n> > > (d) vehicle number-plates associated with tolling accounts,\n> > \n> > > (e) participation in the M5 Cashback Scheme conducted by the NSW Government,\n> > \n> > > (f) information about the periods during which—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) toll payments were made, or\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) tolling accounts were active, or\n> > > \n> > > > (iii) electronic tags or vehicle number-plates were associated with particular tolling accounts, or\n> > > \n> > > > (iv) an individual was a registered participant of the M5 Cashback Scheme.\n> \n> > (2) A relevant motor vehicle tax exemption is an exemption from, or a 50% reduction of, motor vehicle tax in respect of the registration of a registrable light motor vehicle under clause 5 of the [Motor Vehicles Taxation Regulation 2016](/view/html/repealed/current/sl-2016-0516).\n> \n> > (2A) A relevant registration fee waiver is a waiver of all or half of a registration fee for a registrable light motor vehicle under clause 127A of the [Road Transport (Vehicle Registration) Regulation 2017](/view/html/inforce/current/sl-2017-0451).\n> \n> > (3) To avoid doubt, TfNSW may require a toll service provider to provide information of a kind referred to in subclause (1) for the purposes of a pilot program of the kind referred to in clause 127A of the [Road Transport (Vehicle Registration) Regulation 2017](/view/html/inforce/current/sl-2017-0451).\n> \n> > (4) A toll service provider is authorised to disclose to TfNSW any information that TfNSW requires from the provider under this clause.\n> \n> > (5) In this clause—\n> > \n> > financial year means the period of 12 months commencing on 1 July in any year.\n> > \n> > registrable light motor vehicle has the same meaning as in clause 127A of the [Road Transport (Vehicle Registration) Regulation 2017](/view/html/inforce/current/sl-2017-0451).\n> > \n> > TfNSW includes—\n> > \n> > > (a) the Chief Executive Officer of Service NSW in the exercise of any customer service functions (within the meaning of the [Service NSW (One-stop Access to Government Services) Act 2013](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2013-039)) of TfNSW, and\n> > \n> > > (b) any other person to whom TfNSW has delegated the function of obtaining information under the provisions referred to in subclause (2).\n> > \n> > toll service provider means a person that provides accounts, products or related services to enable the payment of tolls for the use of tollways, bridges, tunnels or road-ferries by persons who are required to pay such tolls.\n> > \n> > tolling account means an account provided by a toll service provider for the purpose of enabling the account holder to pay tolls.\n> \n> **cl 78:** Am 2019 (197), cl 3 (1) (2).","sortOrder":97},{"sectionNumber":"78A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Provision of information by toll service providers to CEO","content":"#### 78A Provision of information by toll service providers to CEO\n\n78A Provision of information by toll service providers to CEO\n\n> > (1) The CEO may require a toll service provider to provide the CEO with the following information for the purpose of assisting the CEO to determine an individual’s entitlement to a toll relief rebate—\n> > \n> > > (a) information evidencing toll payments during the 2022–2023 financial year or a subsequent financial year,\n> > \n> > > (b) account numbers for tolling accounts,\n> > \n> > > (c) the following information associated with tolling accounts—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) electronic tag numbers,\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) vehicle number-plates,\n> > > \n> > > > (iii) email addresses,\n> > > \n> > > > (iv) Australian business numbers and Australian company numbers,\n> > \n> > > (d) participation in the M5 Cashback Scheme conducted by the NSW Government,\n> > \n> > > (e) information about the periods during which—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) toll payments were made, or\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) tolling accounts were active, or\n> > > \n> > > > (iii) electronic tags or vehicle number-plates were associated with particular tolling accounts, or\n> > > \n> > > > (iv) an individual was a registered participant of the M5 Cashback Scheme.\n> \n> > (2) A toll relief rebate is a rebate of toll payments made by an individual under a toll relief rebate scheme administered by the CEO in the exercise of a function relating to the delivery of Government services under the [Service NSW (One-stop Access to Government Services) Act 2013](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2013-039), section 4(c).\n> \n> > (3) A toll service provider is authorised to disclose to the CEO information the CEO requires from the provider under this clause.\n> \n> > (4) Information about an individual disclosed to, or collected by, the CEO under clause 78 may also be used to assist the CEO to determine an individual’s entitlement to a toll relief rebate.\n> \n> > (5) In this clause—\n> > \n> > financial year means the period of 12 months commencing on 1 July in a year.\n> > \n> > CEO means the Chief Executive Officer of Service NSW, and includes another person to whom the CEO has delegated the function of obtaining information under this clause or clause 78.\n> > \n> > toll service provider means a person that provides accounts, products or related services to enable the payment of tolls for the use of tollways, bridges, tunnels or road-ferries by persons who are required to pay the tolls.\n> > \n> > tolling account means an account provided by a toll service provider for the purpose of enabling the account holder to pay tolls.\n> \n> **cl 78A:** Ins 2022 (714), Sch 1.","sortOrder":98},{"sectionNumber":"79","sectionType":"section","heading":"Road events","content":"#### 79 Road events\n\n79 Road events\n\n> > (1) For the Act, Dictionary, definition of road event, each of the following activities is prescribed—\n> > \n> > > (a) a filming project within the meaning of the [Local Government Act 1993](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1993-030), and an activity ancillary to or connected with the filming project,\n> > \n> > > (b) an activity if—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) the activity is a neighbourhood activity, and\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) the residential address of the applicant for the road event permit is on or near the road on which the road event will be conducted.\n> \n> > (2) In this clause—\n> > \n> > ineligible event means an event that—\n> > \n> > > (a) occurs on a road on which bus services or light rail services operate, or\n> > \n> > > (b) results in restricted access to a railway station or a light rail station, or\n> > \n> > > (c) occurs within 60m of traffic lights on a road controlled by those lights, or\n> > \n> > > (d) is subject to authorisation under the [Summary Offences Act 1988](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1988-025), Part 4.\n> > \n> > neighbourhood activity means a non-commercial event, including a local gathering or social activity, for which traffic may be regulated by temporary road closure and that is—\n> > \n> > > (a) on an unclassified road, and\n> > \n> > > (b) not an ineligible event.\n> \n> **cl 79:** Subst 2022 (815), sec 3. Am 2023 (681), Sch 1\\[1\\] \\[2\\].","sortOrder":99},{"sectionNumber":"80","sectionType":"section","heading":"Unpaid tolls and charges are debts","content":"#### 80 Unpaid tolls and charges are debts\n\n80 Unpaid tolls and charges are debts\n\n> Any unpaid toll or charge payable in respect of a vehicle under clause 19 may be recovered from the registered operator of the vehicle (within the meaning of the [Road Transport Act 2013](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2013-018)) by the toll operator as a debt.","sortOrder":100},{"sectionNumber":"81","sectionType":"section","heading":"Notification of proposal to close council public roads","content":"#### 81 Notification of proposal to close council public roads\n\n81 Notification of proposal to close council public roads\n\n> > (1) For the purposes of paragraph (j) of the definition of notifiable authority in section 32B (1) of the Act, the following are prescribed—\n> > \n> > > (a) a major utility or water supply authority within the meaning of the [Water Management Act 2000](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2000-092) (if the council public road concerned is located wholly or partly within the utility’s or authority’s area of operations),\n> > \n> > > (b) the Forestry Corporation,\n> > \n> > > (c) Local Land Services,\n> > \n> > > (d) the Office of Environment and Heritage.\n> \n> > (2) The owner or occupier of land whose land will suffer a material loss of access because of the council public road closure concerned is prescribed for the purposes of section 38B (1) (b) (iii) of the Act.","sortOrder":101},{"sectionNumber":"82","sectionType":"section","heading":"Savings","content":"#### 82 Savings\n\n82 Savings\n\n> Any act, matter or thing that, immediately before the repeal of the [Roads Regulation 2008](/view/html/repealed/current/sl-2008-0156), had effect under that Regulation is taken to have effect under this Regulation.","sortOrder":102},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 1","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Roads authorities","content":"# Schedule 1 Roads authorities\n\nSchedule 1 Roads authorities\n\n**sch 1:** Am 2020 No 30, Sch 4.90\\[4\\].","sortOrder":103},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 2","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Crown road purchases by instalment","content":"# Schedule 2 Crown road purchases by instalment\n\nSchedule 2 Crown road purchases by instalment","sortOrder":112},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 3","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Penalty notice offences","content":"# Schedule 3 Penalty notice offences\n\nSchedule 3 Penalty notice offences\n\nFor the purposes of section 243 of the Act—\n\n> (a) each offence specified in this Schedule is an offence for which a penalty notice may be issued, and\n\n> (b) the amount payable under any such penalty notice is the amount specified in this Schedule for the offence.\n\n| Offence | Amount of penalty |\n| Offences under the Act |\n| Section 138(1) | $462 |\n| Offences under this regulation |\n| Clause 8(1) and (3) | $694 |\n| Clause 9 | $462 |\n| Clause 10(1) | $462 |\n| Clause 10(2) | $694 |\n| Clause 11 | $462 |\n| Clause 12 | $694 |\n| Clause 13 | $694 |\n| Clause 14(1) | $960 |\n| Clause 15 | $960 |\n| Clause 16 | $462 |\n| Clause 17 | $694 |\n| Clause 18 | $462 |\n| Clause 19(1) | $231 |\n| Clause 27(1) | $462 |\n| Clause 28(1) | $462 |\n| Clause 29(1) | $694 |\n| Clause 30 | $462 |\n| Clause 32 | $462 |\n| Clause 33(3) | $231 |\n| Clause 35(2) | $694 |\n| Clause 36(3) | $694 |\n| Clause 41 | $960 |\n| Clause 42 | $960 |\n| Clause 43 | $694 |\n| Clause 44 | $960 |\n| Clause 45(2) | $231 |\n| Clause 46(2) | $694 |\n| Clause 47 | $462 |\n| Clause 48(1) | $231 |\n| Clause 50 | $462 |\n| Clause 51(1) and (3)–(5) | $462 |\n| Clause 56(3) | $231 |\n| Clause 58 | $231 |\n| Clause 59 | $462 |\n| Clause 60(1) and (2) | $462 |\n| Clause 61(1) | $231 |\n| Clause 62(2) | $462 |\n| Clause 63 | $462 |\n| Clause 64 | $462 |\n| Clause 65(3) | $462 |\n| Clause 66(1) and (2) | $462 |\n| Clause 70 | $462 |\n| Clause 71 | $462 |\n\n**sch 3:** Am 2019 (245), Sch 1; 2020 (287), Sch 1; 2021 (328), Sch 2; 2022 (339), Sch 1.8; 2023 (550), Sch 8; 2024 (263), Sch 8; 2025 (285), Sch 1\\[2\\]; 2025 (308), Sch 8.","sortOrder":120}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The instrument explicitly replaces the earlier Roads Regulation 2008 (clause 2) and contains savings for acts that had effect under the repealed regulation (clause 82). The text also records multiple later amendments and insertions (for example clause 7 amended 2025, clause 34 amended 2025, clause 48A inserted 2022, clause 76 amended 2025, clause 78 inserted/amended 2019 and clause 78A inserted 2022) which extend or refine the regulation’s scope. Concretely, recent insertions expand or specify powers to require tolling data (clauses 78, 78A), add definitions/classifications such as major bridge/tunnel/road (clause 48A), and adjust delegated-authority classes (clause 76). The combination of repeal/replacement (clause 2), the savings provision (clause 82) and these later amendments indicates the Regulation’s scope has been updated from the earlier instrument and subsequently modified by later orders and amendment provisions as recorded in the text."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive cross-references to primary Acts (Roads Act 1993, Road Transport Act 2013, Crown Land Management Act 2016, etc.) that affect interpretation and operation (see clause 3 notes and multiple clauses referencing the Act).","Wide delegation and administrative discretion (roads authorities, Minister, toll operators and authorised officers have multiple discretionary powers—clauses 5, 7, 33, 35, 36, 49, 76).","Data-sharing and privacy implications requiring private toll service providers to disclose operational and personal data to TfNSW and the CEO (clauses 78, 78A).","Detailed operational rules across different transport contexts (road use, tollways, opening bridges, ferries) with distinct procedures and technical prescriptions (Parts 2–5; clauses 46–53 for bridge signalling).","Penalty regime with both maximum penalties and a schedule of fixed penalty-notice amounts (Schedule 3), increasing enforcement complexity.","Regulatory instruments and orders (Minister may fix maximum fees by Gazette order—clause 33) create layered rule-making beyond the regulation text.","Specialised transactional regime for Crown road purchases by instalment with interest formulae, registration steps and forfeiture procedures (Schedule 2).","Numerous time limits, publication requirements and internal-review steps (clauses 5, 7, 19(3), 21–22, 24) that impose operational timelines for agencies and private operators."],"plain_english_summary":"What this regulation does, in plain steps\n\n- Sets rules for how roads, tollways, bridges, tunnels, ferries and related activities are to be managed and used in New South Wales. It lays out who can make certain decisions, what users must and must not do, what information must be published or provided, and the penalties for contraventions. (see Parts 2–7, Part 3 Tollways, Part 4 Bridges and tunnels, Part 5 Ferries, Schedule 2 and Schedule 3)\n\n- Commences 1 September 2018 and replaces the previous Roads Regulation 2008. (clause 2)\n\nWho is directly affected\n\n- Roads authorities (for example TfNSW and some named authorities listed in Schedule 1) who make and enforce many of the rules (Schedules and multiple clauses such as clause 34, clause 76 and Schedule 1).\n- Toll operators and toll service providers who collect tolls and provide account/tag services (clauses 19, 33, 78, 78A).\n- Drivers, vehicle owners and pedestrians who must follow use, safety and payment rules (clauses 8–18, 19, 27–33).\n- Bridge, tunnel and ferry operators and users (Parts 4 and 5).\n- Purchasers of Crown road land on instalment terms (Schedule 2).\n- Private persons and businesses seeking to carry out activities on roads, bridges or ferries (e.g. road naming, commercial activity permits) (clauses 7, 48, 56).\n\nHow it works mechanically (selected highlights)\n\n- Road access and safety: the regulation requires notice and publication for temporary road closures (7 days minimum, except emergencies) and for road naming proposals (clause 5, clause 7). It prescribes conduct prohibited on roads (placing hazardous items, causing damage, dragging heavy items, leaving dangerous obstructions) and specifies penalties (clauses 8–18).\n\n- Traffic control and authorised persons: roads authorities may engage or authorise traffic controllers and authorised officers, and set training and identification requirements (clause 6, clause 76). Authorised officers and toll operators can give directions about traffic and safety on tollways and ferries (clauses 35, 36, 65).\n\n- Toll collection and dispute process: drivers who pass a toll point must pay the toll to the toll operator as specified by that operator; toll operators must publish toll amounts, payment methods, timeframes and objection procedures on their website (clause 19). People can object to tolls and request internal reviews; toll operators must deal with objections within specified timeframes (clauses 21–22).\n\n- Information-sharing and enforcement of entitlements: Transport for NSW (TfNSW) and the CEO of Service NSW have statutory powers to require toll service providers to provide account, tag, plate and payment-history information for the purposes of determining eligibility for certain tax exemptions, fee waivers or rebates (clauses 78 and 78A). Toll service providers are authorised to disclose specified information to those agencies (clauses 78(4), 78A(3)).\n\n- Pricing controls and fees: the Minister may, by order in the Gazette, set maximum fees that toll service providers may charge toll operators for toll services; the order can set different maxima by class (clause 33).\n\n- Specific bridge and maritime rules: the regulation prescribes signals, lights and procedures for opening bridges and vessel navigation near opening bridges, and sets conduct rules and permit requirements for commercial activity on some bridges (Part 4 Div 2, clauses 46–53, 48).\n\n- Ferries: roads authorities may set ferry timetables, capacities and restrictions; passengers and vehicle drivers must follow ferry operator directions and pay charges where applicable (Part 5).\n\n- Crown road purchases by instalment: for purchases where the price is paid by instalments, the regulation prescribes a three-instalment timetable, interest on overdue payments, restrictions on disposal or mortgage until all instalments paid, and forfeiture procedures on default (Schedule 2).\n\n- Penalties and fixed penalty notices: many offences are prescribed with maximum penalties and a Schedule lists penalty-notice amounts for specific offences (Schedule 3).\n\nOfficial purpose-claims and the mechanics that implement them\n\n- The text presents functions such as enabling road authorities to manage safety, regulate traffic, and collect tolls (e.g. clauses 5, 35, 19). It also states TfNSW and the CEO may require toll data from private toll service providers to determine entitlement to tax exemptions, fee waivers or rebates (clauses 78, 78A).\n\nCosts, incentives, trade-offs and operational effects (source-grounded)\n\n- Who pays: drivers and registered operators pay tolls when they use tollways (clause 19) and may be held liable for unpaid tolls as debts (clause 80). Offenders pay fines as set out in Schedule 3. Purchasers of Crown road land pay instalments and interest under Schedule 2 (Schedule 2 clauses 3, 3(6)). Toll service providers may incur costs to supply data to TfNSW or the CEO (clauses 78, 78A).\n\n- Who decides: roads authorities, the Minister and toll operators exercise substantial decision-making power. Examples: roads authorities set closures, exemptions and safety requirements (clauses 5, 49); the Minister may fix maximum fees for toll services (clause 33); toll operators set the manner, timeframe and terms of payment (clause 19) and decide objections initially (clause 21).\n\n- Compliance burden on private firms: toll service providers are required to release account, tag, plate and payment-history information when required by TfNSW or the CEO (clauses 78, 78A). They must also adhere to any maximum-fee orders (clause 33). Toll operators must publish detailed toll information on their websites (clause 19(3)). These create data-handling, publication and administrative obligations.\n\n- Market and contract effects: the Minister’s ability to fix maximum fees for toll service providers (clause 33) constrains contractual pricing between toll service providers and toll operators. Data disclosure obligations (clauses 78, 78A) can change the bargaining position and operational costs of toll-service firms.\n\n- Enforcement and discretion risks: many powers are delegated to roads authorities, toll operators or authorised officers (for example, exemptions in clause 49, directions in clauses 35 and 36, authorised-officer classes in clause 76). That delegation concentrates operational discretion in agencies and private toll operators, and means outcomes depend on administrative practice and enforcement capacity.\n\n- Private-choice and business impacts: permit requirements and bans on commercial activity on specified bridges and ferries mean businesses must seek permits (clause 48, clause 61). Restrictions in Schedule 2 on purchasers (no transfer, mortgage or subdivision until full payment — Schedule 2 clause 5) limit financing and property-deal flexibility until completion.\n\nImplementation notes and operational risks\n\n- The regulation relies on publication (newspaper, websites, Gazette) and visible signage for many actions (closures, naming, toll information, notices) — this creates dependence on timely administrative publication and appropriate signage (clauses 5, 7, 19, 36).\n\n- Dispute resolution is internal to toll operators initially, with set timeframes for decision and review (clauses 21–22). That places an upfront administrative burden on operators and makes timely internal appeal handling part of compliance.\n\nSummary: who pays, who decides, and what behaviour changes\n\n- Who pays: drivers/registered operators for tolls and fines (clauses 19, 80; Schedule 3); purchasers of Crown road land pay instalments, interest and risk forfeiture on default (Schedule 2); toll service providers incur data compliance costs (clauses 78, 78A) and may face limits on fees (clause 33).\n- Who decides: roads authorities, the Minister, toll operators and authorised officers exercise core regulatory, operational and discretionary powers (clauses 5, 7, 33, 35, 36, 49, 76).\n- Behaviour changes required: drivers must pay tolls, obey directions, and avoid prohibited conduct on roads/bridges/ferries (clauses 8–19, 27–33, Parts 4–5). Toll service providers must supply requested operational data and adhere to any maximum-fee orders (clauses 33, 78, 78A). Purchasers on instalments must meet payment schedules and comply with restrictions until completion (Schedule 2).\n\nCaveat on source and claims\n\n- The above description is based solely on the text of the Roads Regulation 2018 provided. Clauses cited are the source for each mechanics/cost/decision point referenced (for example, toll collection obligations clause 19; data disclosure clauses 78 and 78A; Ministerial fee power clause 33; Crown purchase instalment rules Schedule 2)."},"summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The regulation's scope has incrementally expanded and shifted since 2018. Most notably, administrative responsibility transferred from Roads and Maritime Services (RMS) to Transport for NSW (TfNSW), reflecting a broader machinery-of-government restructure. The pending Obstruction Offences Repeals Bill 2026 also signals that some of the regulation's offence provisions may be removed, narrowing its scope further before its scheduled repeal."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple amendments over time (19+ versions since 2018) make it difficult to track what the current rules actually are","The regulation operates alongside the parent Roads Act 1988, requiring cross-referencing between two instruments","Agency name changes (RMS to TfNSW) throughout the document create potential for confusion when reading older versions","Imminent automatic repeal and a related pending Bill create legal uncertainty about the regulation's future status","Limited substantive content is visible in the provided excerpt — the actual operative rules are not shown, making full assessment difficult"],"plain_english_summary":"## Roads Regulation 2018 (NSW)\n\n**What is this?**\nThis is a NSW government regulation (a legally binding set of rules made under the *Roads Act 1988*) that sets out detailed rules about the use and management of roads in New South Wales.\n\n**Who does it affect?**\nAnyone who uses, works on, or has dealings with NSW roads — including everyday drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, businesses operating near roads, construction companies, and government agencies like Transport for NSW (TfNSW).\n\n**What does it do?**\nThe regulation fills in the practical details that the parent *Roads Act 1988* doesn't spell out — things like fees, permits, and procedures for road-related activities. It has been updated many times since it was first made in 2018, reflecting ongoing changes to road management policy.\n\n**Key things to know:**\n- The regulation **replaced \"RMS\" (Roads and Maritime Services) with \"TfNSW\" (Transport for NSW)** throughout — meaning TfNSW is now the agency responsible for administering these rules.\n- There is a **related Bill before Parliament** (*Crimes and Roads Legislation Amendment (Obstruction Offences Repeals) Bill 2026*) that could affect some parts of this regulation — specifically provisions about obstructing roads.\n- This regulation is **scheduled to be automatically repealed (cancelled) on 1 September 2026** under a standard NSW government process that forces older regulations to be reviewed and remade or they simply expire.\n\n**Why does it matter to you?**\nIf you work near roads, apply for road-related permits, or are involved in activities that could obstruct or affect public roads in NSW, this regulation sets the rules you must follow. Its upcoming expiry date means those rules could change — or disappear — after September 2026."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Regulation has grown significantly beyond simple road management. Originally focused on physical road protection and basic administrative functions, it now encompasses complex tollway governance (including data sharing with Service NSW for tax exemptions and rebates), detailed bridge and tunnel safety rules, ferry operations, and sophisticated Crown land purchase financing schemes. The addition of clauses 78 and 78A in 2022 specifically expanded the scope to enable mass data sharing between toll operators and government agencies for administrative purposes unrelated to road management per se."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple cross-references to other Acts including the Roads Act 1993, Road Transport Act 2013, Crown Land Management Act 2016, and various others","Nested conditional logic in tollway provisions (clauses 19-22) with time limits, objection procedures and internal review mechanisms","Detailed technical specifications in Schedule 1 declaring specific roads authorities for particular infrastructure using complex land descriptions (lot numbers, DP references, plan numbers)","Extensive defined terms in clause 3 and throughout (e.g., 'carriageway', 'incomplete Crown road purchase', 'toll service provider')","Multiple exceptions and exemptions scattered throughout (e.g., clause 8(2) exceptions for garbage bins, clause 37 exemption for police officers, clause 49 general exemption power)","Schedule 2 creates a detailed instalment payment scheme for Crown road purchases with interest calculations, forfeiture procedures and registration requirements","Amendment history notes indicating evolving scope (e.g., clauses 78 and 78A added for toll data sharing with Service NSW)"],"plain_english_summary":"This Regulation sets out the rules for managing public roads, tollways, bridges, tunnels and ferries in New South Wales. It covers everything from how roads can be temporarily closed and named, to what you can and cannot do on roads (like dragging chains or throwing things from bridges). It also establishes detailed rules for tollways—including how tolls must be paid, how drivers can object to toll charges, and what happens when vehicles break down on toll roads. The Regulation protects road infrastructure by prohibiting damage to surfaces and structures, and it includes specific safety rules for opening bridges, ferries and major structures like the Sydney Harbour Bridge. It also creates offences with financial penalties for various violations, and sets up administrative processes for things like transferring road closure applications and purchasing Crown roads by instalments."},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/roads-regulation-2018","history":"/api/acts/roads-regulation-2018/history","analysis":"/api/acts/roads-regulation-2018/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/roads-regulation-2018/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/roads-regulation-2018/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/roads-regulation-2018/documents"}}