{"id":"F2019L01374","name":"Radiocommunications (Spectrum Re-allocation — 26GHz Band) Declaration 2019","slug":"radiocommunications-spectrum-re-allocation-26ghz-band-declaration-2019","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":100215,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2019L01374-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1. Name","sectionType":"section","heading":"1. Name","content":"#### 1. Name\n\n This instrument is the Radiocommunications (Spectrum Re-allocation — 26GHz Band) Declaration 2019.","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commencement","content":"#### 2 Commencement\n\n (1) Each provision of this instrument specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.\n\n```html\n

Commencement information

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Provisions

Commencement

Date/Details

1. The whole of this instrument

The day after this instrument is registered.

\n```\n\n> Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this instrument as originally made. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this instrument.\n\n (2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this instrument. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this instrument.","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authority","content":"#### 3 Authority\n\n This instrument is made under subsection 153B(1) of the Radiocommunications Act 1992.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Interpretation","content":"#### 4 Interpretation\n\n> Note 1: A number of expressions used in this instrument are defined in the Act, including the following:\n\n (a) ACMA;\n (b) re-allocation deadline;\n (c) re-allocation period;\n (d) spectrum;\n (e) spectrum licence;\n (f) spectrum re-allocation declaration.\n\n> Note 2: See also section 5, in relation to re-allocation deadline and re-allocation period.\n\n (1) In this instrument:\n\n> Act means Radiocommunications Act 1992.\n\n> Hierarchical Cell Identification Scheme or HCIS means the Hierarchical Cell Identification Scheme used as a part of the Australian Spectrum Map Grid 2012 document published by the ACMA on its website, as the document existed at the time this instrument was made.\n\n (2) In this instrument, a reference to a part of the spectrum includes all frequencies that are greater than the lower frequency, up to and including the higher frequency.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Spectrum re-allocation","content":"#### 5 Spectrum re-allocation\n\n (1) The part of the spectrum from 25.1 GHz to 27.0 GHz is subject to re-allocation under Part 3.6 of the Act:\n (a) by issuing spectrum licences under Subdivision B of Division 1 of Part 3.2 of the Act (see section 153L of the Act); and\n (b) with respect to the named areas listed in Items 1 to 27 in the table in subsection (4).\n (2) The part of the spectrum from 27.0 GHz to 27.5 GHz is subject to re-allocation under Part 3.6 of the Act:\n (a) by issuing spectrum licences under Subdivision B of Division 1 of Part 3.2 of the Act (see section 153L of the Act); and\n (b) with respect to the named areas listed in Items 1 to 26, 28 and 29 in the table in subsection (4).\n (3) For this spectrum re-allocation declaration:\n (a) the re-allocation period is the period of 3 years beginning at the start of the 21st day after this instrument commences; and\n (b) the re-allocation deadline is the end of the day before the second anniversary of the start of the re-allocation period.\n (4) The area (named area) referred to in column 1 in the following table is to be ascertained as the composite of the areas, described using identifiers from the Hierarchical Cell Identification Scheme, set out in column 2.\n\n> Note 1: The HCIS is a naming convention for areas on the Australian Spectrum Map Grid 2012 (ASMG), which is a system used by the ACMA to define geographic areas for radiocommunications licensing. A document describing the ASMG and HCIS, as well as spatial datasets describing each HCIS area could, at the time this instrument was made, be found on the ACMA’s website ([http://www.acma.gov.au](http://www.acma.gov.au))\n\n> Note 2: A tool to convert lists of HCIS area descriptions, such as the list contained in the below table, into Placemark files to allow these areas to be visualised using computer mapping software could, at the time this instrument was made, be found on the ACMA’s website (http://www.acma.gov.au).\n\n```html\n

Areas with respect to which this spectrum re-allocation declaration applies

Item

Column 1

Named area

Column 2

Areas forming the named area (HCIS Identifiers)

1

Adelaide

IW3J, IW3K, IW3L, IW3N, IW3O, IW3P, IW6B, IW6C, IW6D, IW6F, IW6G, IW6H, IW3E5, IW3E6, IW3E8, IW3E9, IW3F4, IW3F5, IW3F6, IW3F7, IW3F8, IW3F9, IW3G4, IW3G5, IW3G6, IW3G7, IW3G8, IW3G9, IW3H4, IW3H5, IW3H6, IW3H7, IW3H8, IW3H9, IW3I2, IW3I3, IW3I5, IW3I6, IW3I8, IW3I9, IW3M2, IW3M3, IW3M5, IW3M6, IW3M8, IW3M9, IW6A2, IW6A3, IW6A5, IW6A6, IW6A8, IW6A9, IW6E2, IW6E3, IW6E5, IW6E6, IW6E8, IW6E9, IW6K1, IW6K2, IW6K3, IW6K4, IW6K5, IW6K6, IW6L1, JW1E4, JW1E7, JW1I1, JW1I4, JW1I7, JW1M1, JW1M4

2

Albany

BW3P7, BW3P8, BW3P9, BW6D1, BW6D2, BW6D3, BW6D4, BW6D5, BW6D6, CW1M7, CW4A1, CW4A4

3

Albury

LW8D, LW5P7, LW5P8, LW5P9, LW6M7, LW9A1, LW9A4, LW9A7

4

Armidale

NU7G8, NU7G9, NU7K2, NU7K3

5

Bendigo

KW9I5, KW9I6, KW9I8, KW9I9, KW9J4, KW9J5, KW9J6, KW9J7, KW9J8, KW9J9, KW9M2, KW9M3, KW9M5, KW9M6, KW9N1, KW9N2, KW9N3, KW9N4, KW9N5, KW9N6

6

Brisbane/

Lismore/

Sunshine Coast/

Toowoomba

NT9, NT5G, NT5H, NT5K, NT5L, NT5O, NT5P, NT6E, NT6F, NT6G, NT6H, NT6I, NT6J, NT6K, NT6L, NT6M, NT6N, NT6O, NT6P, NT7H, NT7L, NT8C, NT8D, NT8E, NT8F, NT8G, NT8H, NT8I, NT8J, NT8K, NT8L, NT8O, NT8P, NU3A, NU3B, NU3C, NU3D, NU3F, NU3G, NU3H, NU3J, NU3K, NU3L, NU3O, NU3P, NT5C4, NT5C5, NT5C6, NT5C7, NT5C8, NT5C9, NT5D4, NT5D5, NT5D6, NT5D7, NT5D8, NT5D9, NT6A4, NT6A5, NT6A6, NT6A7, NT6A8, NT6A9, NT6B4, NT6B5, NT6B6, NT6B7, NT6B8, NT6B9, NT6C4, NT6C5, NT6C6, NT6C7, NT6C8, NT6C9, NT6D4, NT6D5, NT6D6, NT6D7, NT6D8, NT6D9, NT7G2, NT7G3, NT7G5, NT7G6, NT7G8, NT7G9, NT7K2, NT7K3, NT7K5, NT7K6, NT7K8, NT7K9, NT7O2, NT7O3, NT7O5, NT7O6, NT7P1, NT7P2, NT7P3, NT7P4, NT7P5, NT7P6, NT8M1, NT8M2, NT8M3, NT8M4, NT8M5, NT8M6, NT8N1, NT8N2, NT8N3, NT8N4, NT8N5, NT8N6, NU2C1, NU2C2, NU2C3, NU2D1, NU2D2, NU2D3, NU2D5, NU2D6, NU2D8, NU2D9, NU2H2, NU2H3, NU3E1, NU3E2, NU3E3, NU3E5, NU3E6, NU3E8, NU3E9, NU3I2, NU3I3, NU3I6, NU3I9, NU3M3, NU3M6, NU3N1, NU3N2, NU3N3, NU3N4, NU3N5, NU3N6

7

Bundaberg/ Hervey Bay

NS8N, NS8O, NT2B, NT2C, NS8M2, NS8M3, NS8M5, NS8M6, NS8M8, NS8M9, NT2A2, NT2A3, NT2D7, NT2D8, NT2D9, NT2G1, NT2G2, NT2G3, NT2G4, NT2G5, NT2G6, NT2H1, NT2H2, NT2H3, NT2H4, NT2H5, NT2H6

8

Cairns

LQ1O, LQ1P, LQ1K7, LQ1K8, LQ1K9, LQ1L7, LQ1L8, LQ1L9, LQ4C1, LQ4C2, LQ4C3, LQ4C4, LQ4C5, LQ4C6, LQ4D1, LQ4D2, LQ4D3, LQ4D4, LQ4D5, LQ4D6

9

Canberra

MW5E, MW4D6, MW4D9, MW4H3, MW4H9, MW4L3, MW5A4, MW5A5, MW5A6, MW5A7, MW5A8, MW5A9, MW5B4, MW5B7, MW5F1, MW5F4, MW5F7, MW5I1, MW5I2, MW5I3, MW5J1

10

Coffs Harbour

NU9A, NU9E, NU8D9, NU8H3, NU8H6, NU8H9

11

Darwin

GO7C, GO7D, GO7G, GO7H, GO7K, GO7L, GO8A, GO8E, GO8I

12

Forster/

Tuncurry

NV5B6, NV5B9, NV5C4, NV5C5, NV5C7, NV5C8, NV5F3, NV5G1, NV5G2

13

Hobart

LY9N, LY9I8, LY9I9, LY9J7, LY9J8, LY9J9, LY9K7, LY9K8, LY9M2, LY9M3, LY9M5, LY9M6, LY9M8, LY9M9, LY9O1, LY9O2, LY9O4, LY9O5, LY9O7, LY9O8, LZ3A2, LZ3A3, LZ3B1,LZ3B2, LZ3B3, LZ3C1, LZ3C2

14

Launceston

LY6E, LY5H3, LY5H6, LY5H9, LY5L3, LY5L6, LY6F1, LY6F4, LY6F7, LY6I1, LY6I2, LY6I3, LY6I4, LY6I5, LY6I6, LY6J1, LY6J4

15

Mackay

MR8A, MR5M7, MR5M8, MR5M9

16

Margaret River

AV9P6, AV9P9, AW3D3, BV7M4, BV7M5, BV7M7, BV7M8, BW1A1, BW1A2

17

Melbourne/

Ballarat

KX2L, KX3I, KX3J, KX3K, KX3L, KX3N, KX3O, KX3P, KX6B, KX6C, KX6D, KX6F, KX6G, KX6H, KX6J, KX6K, KX6L, LX1I, LX1M, LX1N, LX1O, LX4A, LX4B, LX4C, LX4E, LX4I, KX2G9, KX2H7, KX2H8, KX2H9, KX2K3, KX2K6, KX2K9, KX3E7, KX3E8, KX3E9, KX3F7, KX3F8, KX3F9, KX3G7, KX3G8, KX3G9, KX3H4, KX3H5, KX3H6, KX3H7, KX3H8, KX3H9, KX3M2, KX3M3, KX3M5, KX3M6, KX3M8, KX3M9, KX6A2, KX6A3, KX6A5, KX6A6, KX6A8, KX6A9, KX6E2, KX6E3, KX6E5, KX6E6, KX6E8, KX6E9, KX6I2, KX6I3, KX6I5, KX6I6, KX6I8, KX6I9, LX1E4, LX1E7, LX1E8, LX1E9, LX1J1, LX1J4, LX1J5, LX1J6, LX1J7, LX1J8, LX1J9, LX1K4, LX1K7, LX4F1, LX4F2, LX4F4, LX4F5, LX4F7, LX4F8, LX4J1, LX4J2, LX4J4, LX4J5, LX4J7, LX4J8

18

Mildura

KW1A4, KW1A5, KW1A6, KW1A7, KW1A8, KW1A9, KW1E1, KW1E2, KW1E3

19

Port Macquarie

NV2H, NV2L1, NV2L2, NV2L3

20

Rockhampton

MS6F, MS6G, MS6B7, MS6B8, MS6B9, MS6C7, MS6C8, MS6C9, MS6J1, MS6J2, MS6J3, MS6K1, MS6K2, MS6K3

21

Shepparton/ Mooroopna

LW7F, LW7G1, LW7G4, LW7G7, LW7J1, LW7J2, LW7J3, LW7K1

22

Sydney/

Bathurst

NW1, MV8G, MV9I, MV9J, MV9K, MV9L, MV9M, MV9N, MV9O, MV9P, MW3C, MW3D, MW3G, MW3H, MW3K, MW3L, MW3O, MW3P, MW6C, MW6D, NV4N, NV4O, NV4P, NV5M, NV5N, NV5O, NV5P, NV7B, NV7C, NV7D, NV7E, NV7F, NV7G, NV7H, NV7I, NV7J, NV7K, NV7L, NV7M, NV7N, NV7O, NV7P, MV8F3, MV8F6, MV8F9, MV8H4, MV8H5, MV8H6, MV8H7, MV8H8, MV8H9, MV8J3, MV8K1, MV8K2, MV8K3, MV8L1, MV8L2, MV8L3, MV9D6, MV9D9, MV9E4, MV9E5, MV9E6, MV9E7, MV9E8, MV9E9, MV9F4, MV9F5, MV9F6, MV9F7, MV9F8, MV9F9, MV9G4, MV9G5, MV9G6, MV9G7, MV9G8, MV9G9, MV9H3, MV9H4, MV9H5, MV9H6, MV9H7, MV9H8, MV9H9, MW3B2, MW3B3, MW3B5, MW3B6, MW3B8, MW3B9, MW3F2, MW3F3, MW3F5, MW3F6, MW3F8, MW3F9, MW3J2, MW3J3, NV4I5, NV4I6, NV4I8, NV4I9, NV4J4, NV4J5, NV4J6, NV4J7, NV4J8, NV4J9, NV4K4, NV4K5, NV4K6, NV4K7, NV4K8, NV4K9, NV4L4, NV4L5, NV4L6, NV4L7, NV4L8, NV4L9, NV4M2, NV4M3, NV4M5, NV4M6, NV4M8, NV4M9, NV5I4, NV5I5, NV5I6, NV5I7, NV5I8, NV5I9, NV5J4, NV5J5, NV5J6, NV5J7, NV5J8, NV5J9, NV5K4, NV5K5, NV5K6, NV5K7, NV5K8, NV5K9, NV5L4, NV5L5, NV5L6, NV5L7, NV5L8, NV5L9, NV7A2, NV7A3, NV7A4, NV7A5, NV7A6, NV7A7, NV7A8, NV7A9

23

Townsville

LR2C, LR2D, LR2G, LR2H

24

Traralgon/ Morwell

LX5A6, LX5A8, LX5A9, LX5B4, LX5B5, LX5B6, LX5B7, LX5B8, LX5B9, LX5C4, LX5C5, LX5C7, LX5C8, LX5F1, LX5F2, LX5F3, LX5G1, LX5G2

25

Wagga Wagga

LW6B

26

Warrnambool

KX4F2, KX4F3, KX4F5, KX4F6, KX4F8, KX4F9, KX4G1, KX4G2, KX4G4, KX4G5, KX4G7, KX4G8

27

Perth/Bunbury

BV1I, BV1J, BV1K, BV1L, BV1M, BV1N, BV1O, BV1P, BV2I, BV2J, BV2M, BV2N, BV4A, BV4B, BV4C, BV4D, BV4E, BV4F, BV4G, BV4H, BV4I, BV4J, BV4K, BV4L, BV4O, BV5A, BV5B, BV5E, BV5F, BV5I, BV5J, BV7C, BV7G, BV1E7, BV1E8, BV1E9, BV1F7, BV1F8, BV1F9, BV1G7, BV1G8, BV1G9, BV1H7, BV1H8, BV1H9, BV2E7, BV2E8, BV2E9, BV2F7, BV2F8, BV2F9, BV4M1, BV4M2, BV4M3, BV4N1, BV4N2, BV4N3, BV4P1, BV4P2, BV4P3, BV4P4, BV4P5, BV4P7, BV4P8, BV5M1, BV5M2, BV5M3, BV5N1, BV5N2, BV5N3, BV7D1, BV7D2, BV7D4, BV7D5, BV7D7, BV7D8, BV7H1, BV7H2, BV7H4, BV7H5, BV7H7, BV7H8, BV7K1, BV7K2, BV7K3, BV7L1, BV7L2

28

Bunbury

BV7G, BV7C4, BV7C5, BV7C6, BV7C7, BV7C8, BV7C9, BV7D4, BV7D5, BV7D7, BV7D8, BV7H1, BV7H2, BV7H4, BV7H5, BV7H7, BV7H8, BV7K1, BV7K2, BV7K3, BV7L1, BV7L2

29

Perth

BV1I, BV1J, BV1K, BV1L, BV1M, BV1N, BV1O, BV1P, BV2I, BV2J, BV2M, BV2N, BV4A, BV4B, BV4C, BV4D, BV4E, BV4F, BV4G, BV4H, BV4I, BV4J, BV4K, BV4L, BV5A, BV5B, BV5E, BV5F, BV5I, BV5J, BV1E7, BV1E8, BV1E9, BV1F7, BV1F8, BV1F9, BV1G7, BV1G8, BV1G9, BV1H7, BV1H8, BV1H9, BV2E7, BV2E8, BV2E9, BV2F7, BV2F8, BV2F9, BV4M1, BV4M2, BV4M3, BV4N1, BV4N2, BV4N3, BV4O1, BV4O2, BV4O3, BV4P1, BV4P2, BV4P3, BV5M1, BV5M2, BV5M3, BV5N1, BV5N2, BV5N3

\n```","sortOrder":4}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The instrument remains tightly focused on its original purpose: declaring the 26 GHz band for re-allocation via spectrum licences in specific metropolitan and regional areas. The detailed geographic specifications using HCIS codes are necessary technical implementations of the core re-allocation function, not scope creep."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive tabular data: 29 geographic areas with hundreds of HCIS identifier codes (e.g., 'IW3J, IW3K, IW3L...') that require external technical documents to interpret","Cross-referencing to primary legislation: Relies on definitions and mechanisms from the Radiocommunications Act 1992 (sections 153B, 153L, Part 3.2, Part 3.6)","Technical terminology: Requires understanding of 'spectrum licences', 're-allocation periods', 'HCIS', and 'ASMG' (Australian Spectrum Map Grid)","Temporal calculations: Re-allocation period and deadline are defined by reference to commencement date plus specific day offsets (21 days, 3 years, 2 years)","Partial overlap in frequency ranges: Different geographic coverage for 25.1–27.0 GHz versus 27.0–27.5 GHz (Items 1–27 vs Items 1–26, 28, 29)"],"plain_english_summary":"This ACMA declaration re-allocates the 26 GHz band (25.1–27.5 GHz) for commercial spectrum licences, splitting it into two adjacent blocks assigned to specified metropolitan and regional grids using the HCIS. It creates a 3-year re-allocation period starting 21 days after commencement, with a required finalisation within two years.\n\nIt affects telcos seeking 5G/high‑speed wireless capacity, existing users who may need to move or share the band, and consumers who will gain faster services once licences are issued."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This instrument is narrowly focused: it designates specified parts of the 25.1–27.5 GHz band for re‑allocation under the Radiocommunications Act and identifies the geographic areas (by HCIS cells) and timing for that re‑allocation (section 5). The instrument does not broaden the Act’s powers or add new regulatory mechanisms beyond implementing a re‑allocation declaration under the existing Act (see section 3 referencing subsection 153B(1)). Therefore it does not materially change or expand scope beyond the original, stated purpose of making specified spectrum available for licensing in the listed areas and timeframes."},"complexity_factors":["Two separate frequency ranges (25.1–27.0 GHz and 27.0–27.5 GHz) with different area applicability (section 5(1)–(2))","Re‑allocation timing defined by relative dates (start = beginning of 21st day after commencement; period = 3 years; deadline = day before second anniversary of period start) (section 5(3))","Large table of 29 named areas with many HCIS identifiers (section 5(4)) — dozens to hundreds of cell IDs overall","Dependence on external spatial/schema documents (HCIS/ASMG 2012) not contained in the instrument (section 4 and notes to section 5)","Cross‑references to multiple parts and sections of the Radiocommunications Act 1992 (subsection 153B(1), section 153L and Part 3.6), leaving substantive decisions to those provisions (sections 3 and 5)","Potential mapping complexity where HCIS cells form composite named areas (section 5(4) and explanatory notes)","Interpretation rule that a reference to a part of the spectrum includes the frequencies greater than the lower frequency up to and including the higher frequency (section 4(2))"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this instrument does (mechanically)\n\n- Declares that parts of the 26 GHz band (specifically 25.1–27.5 GHz) are to be re‑allocated under the Radiocommunications Act 1992 (see section 5). Re‑allocation means the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) will use the licensing powers in Part 3.6 of the Act to make that spectrum available by issuing spectrum licences (see section 5(1)(a) and 5(2)(a)).\n\n- Splits the band into two ranges for this declaration: 25.1–27.0 GHz and 27.0–27.5 GHz. Each range is tied to a specific list of named geographic areas where the re‑allocation applies (section 5(1)–(2) and 5(4)).\n\n- Fixes the timing for the re‑allocation process: the re‑allocation period is 3 years starting at the beginning of the 21st day after the instrument commences; the re‑allocation deadline is the end of the day before the second anniversary of the start of the re‑allocation period (section 5(3)).\n\n- Identifies the geographic areas by reference to HCIS (Hierarchical Cell Identification Scheme) identifiers from the Australian Spectrum Map Grid 2012; the table in section 5(4) lists 29 named areas and the HCIS cells that together form each named area.\n\n\nWho this affects\n\n- Current holders of licences or other rights in the 25.1–27.5 GHz range where the declaration applies (the listed HCIS areas). Those holders will be subject to the re‑allocation processes and timing set out in the Radiocommunications Act once the declaration is in force (see section 5 and the Act’s Part 3.6 powers referenced in section 3).\n\n- Organisations that want to apply for new spectrum licences in those frequency ranges and areas (potential bidders, network operators, wireless service providers).\n\n- Equipment vendors, system integrators and businesses planning services that rely on this band in the named areas: the declaration creates a clear regulatory pathway and timing for licensing in those frequencies.\n\n- The ACMA, which gains the explicit legal authority to run the re‑allocation process for these bands and areas using its licence‑issuing powers (section 3 and section 5 referencing section 153L of the Act).\n\n\nWhy it matters (stated purpose and practical effects)\n\n- The instrument is a formal step under the Radiocommunications Act to make a specific chunk of mmWave spectrum (25.1–27.5 GHz) available for licensing in defined areas. The stated mechanical effect is to enable ACMA to issue spectrum licences in those bands and places (sections 3 and 5).\n\n- The instrument’s stated purpose (implicit in making a re‑allocation declaration) is to trigger the Act’s Part 3.6 re‑allocation machinery so that spectrum can be repurposed and licensed under the Act. If the policy aim is increased commercial use of the band (for example, mobile broadband or fixed wireless), that is a claim about intent; this instrument supplies the legal mechanism to pursue that outcome.\n\n\nPractical costs, incentives and implementation considerations (linked to the instrument)\n\n- Who pays and who benefits: licence winners or successful applicants will gain exclusive (or otherwise specified) rights to use the re‑allocated spectrum in the listed areas. Existing licence holders in the affected frequencies may face migration, surrender or compensation obligations under the Act once the re‑allocation proceeds (see Part 3.6 processes referenced in section 5). The instrument itself does not set prices or auction rules — it only enables ACMA to proceed under the Act.\n\n- Timing and transition: the instrument fixes a 3‑year re‑allocation period starting relative to commencement and a re‑allocation deadline before the second anniversary of that period (section 5(3)). That timetable creates a window during which ACMA must complete the statutory re‑allocation steps; it imposes a calendar constraint on ACMA and on affected users planning migration or investments.\n\n- Geographic specificity and market effects: the declaration applies to 29 named areas (section 5(4)). The list concentrates activity in particular metro and regional cells (examples: Adelaide, Brisbane area, Melbourne, Sydney, Perth). Concentrated geographic application means benefits are likely concentrated where licences are available; costs of migration or service disruption fall on incumbents within those cells.\n\n- Administrative and compliance burden: the instrument relies on HCIS identifiers from the ACMA’s external ASMG/HCIS documents to define areas (section 4 and section 5(4) notes). Users and regulators will need to use those external spatial datasets or mapping tools to determine exactly which parcels of land/cell IDs are affected. Reliance on an external dataset adds an operational step and possible implementation risk if stakeholders use different versions.\n\n- Bureaucratic discretion and legal cross‑linking: the declaration invokes ACMA’s powers under the Act (section 3 refers to subsection 153B(1) and section 5 refers to section 153L). The detailed outcomes (who gets licences, licence conditions, whether spectrum is auctioned or assigned, compensation, technical limits) will be decided under the Act and ACMA processes, not in this instrument. That concentrates substantive decisionmaking in ACMA exercising statutory powers.\n\n- Potential unintended frictions: splitting the band at 27.0 GHz with different area lists for each sub‑band (section 5(1)–(2) and 5(4) table) could raise implementation questions where an HCIS cell is in one named area list for the lower sub‑band but not for the upper sub‑band. Stakeholders will need precise mapping to know which frequencies are re‑allocated in each cell.\n\n\nKey references in the instrument: section 3 (authority under the Act), section 4 (interpretation, HCIS defined), section 5 (the substantive re‑allocation declaration, frequency ranges, areas, and timing)."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. 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