{"id":"F2022L01255","name":"Radiocommunications (Exemption – Remotely Piloted Aircraft Disruption) Determination 2022","slug":"radiocommunications-exemption-remotely-piloted-aircraft-disruption-determination-2022","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":102681,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2022L01255-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Endnotes","sectionType":"section","heading":"Endnotes","content":"#### Endnotes\n\nEndnote 1—About the endnotes\n\nThe endnotes provide information about this compilation and the compiled law.\n\nThe following endnotes are included in every compilation:\n\nEndnote 1—About the endnotes\n\nEndnote 2—Abbreviation key\n\nEndnote 3—Legislation history\n\nEndnote 4—Amendment history\n\nAbbreviation key—Endnote 2\n\nThe abbreviation key sets out abbreviations that may be used in the endnotes.\n\nLegislation history and amendment history—Endnotes 3 and 4\n\nAmending laws are annotated in the legislation history and amendment history.\n\nThe legislation history in endnote 3 provides information about each law that has amended (or will amend) the compiled law. The information includes commencement details for amending laws and details of any application, saving or transitional provisions that are not included in this compilation.\n\nThe amendment history in endnote 4 provides information about amendments at the provision (generally section or equivalent) level. It also includes information about any provision of the compiled law that has been repealed in accordance with a provision of the law.\n\nMisdescribed amendments\n\nA misdescribed amendment is an amendment that does not accurately describe how an amendment is to be made. If, despite the misdescription, the amendment can be given effect as intended, then the misdescribed amendment can be incorporated through an editorial change made under section 15V of the Legislation Act 2003.\n\nIf a misdescribed amendment cannot be given effect as intended, the amendment is not incorporated and “(md not incorp)” is added to the amendment history.\n\nEndnote 2—Abbreviation key\n\n| ad = added or inserted | orig = original |\n| ---------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |\n| am = amended | par = paragraph(s)/subparagraph(s) |\n| amdt = amendment | /sub‑subparagraph(s) |\n| c = clause(s) | pres = present |\n| C[x] = Compilation No. x | prev = previous |\n| Ch = Chapter(s) | (prev…) = previously |\n| def = definition(s) | Pt = Part(s) |\n| Dict = Dictionary | r = regulation(s)/rule(s) |\n| disallowed = disallowed by Parliament | reloc = relocated |\n| Div = Division(s) | renum = renumbered |\n| exp = expires/expired or ceases/ceased to have | rep = repealed |\n| effect | rs = repealed and substituted |\n| F = Federal Register of Legislation | s = section(s)/subsection(s) |\n| gaz = gazette | Sch = Schedule(s) |\n| LA = Legislation Act 2003 | Sdiv = Subdivision(s) |\n| LIA = Legislative Instruments Act 2003 | SLI = Select Legislative Instrument |\n| (md not incorp) = misdescribed amendment | SR = Statutory Rules |\n| cannot be given effect | Sub‑Ch = Sub‑Chapter(s) |\n| mod = modified/modification | SubPt = Subpart(s) |\n| No. = Number(s) | underlining = whole or part not |\n| o = order(s) | commenced or to be commenced |\n| Ord = Ordinance | |\n\nEndnote 3—Legislation history\n\n| Name | Registration | Commencement | Application, saving and transitional provisions |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ----------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |\n| Radiocommunications (Exemption – Remotely Piloted Aircraft Disruption) Determination 2022 | 26 September 2022(see F2022L01255) | 27 September 2022 | |\n| Radiocommunications (Low Interference Potential Devices) (Consequential Amendments) Instrument 2025 (No. 1) | 5 September 2025(see F2025L01049) | 1 October 2025 | |\n| | | | |\n| | | | |\n\n> Note: Endnote 4—Amendment history\n\n```html\n

Provision affected

How affected

s.2.....................

rep. LA 48D

s.4.....................

rep. LA 48C

s.6.....................

am. F2025L01049

\n```","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":8,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Cannot determine whether the Determination’s substantive scope changed from its original intent because the excerpt contains only endnotes. Endnote 3 (legislation history) and Endnote 4 (amendment history) record registration and later amendments—e.g. entries showing s.2 and s.4 repealed and s.6 amended—but the operative text these notes refer to is not present. A definitive scope-change assessment requires the full Determination text and the amending instruments."},"complexity_factors":["Source excerpt contains only endnotes (Endnotes 1–4) and no substantive provisions, preventing direct analysis of regulatory mechanics.","Amendment history references specific sections (s.2, s.4 repealed; s.6 amended) without showing the underlying text to be interpreted or compared.","Legislation history shows later instruments (including a 2025 consequential amendment) that may change scope; cross-referencing required across instruments.","Technical subject matter (radiocommunications and remotely piloted aircraft) typically involves specialised technical standards and cross-sector rules.","Presence of potential misdescribed amendments and editorial notes increases work to verify legislative intent and legal effect.","Assessment requires reconciliation with primary Act provisions (e.g. Legislation Act/LIA) and related legislative instruments, increasing research depth."],"plain_english_summary":"The supplied document is only the endnotes for the Radiocommunications (Exemption – Remotely Piloted Aircraft Disruption) Determination 2022: an abbreviation key, legislation history and an amendment history. It does not include any operative provisions, exemption criteria, definitions or authorisation framework. Because the substantive Determination text is absent, this excerpt alone does not allow identification of what is permitted, who is affected, who bears costs, or what compliance obligations exist. Provide the Determination’s full text (sections and schedules) for a proper legal analysis."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":2,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This excerpt only shows the endnotes, which are standard administrative content. There is no evidence of scope creep in the actual substantive provisions from this fragment. The 2025 amendment appears to be a technical consequential amendment related to Low Interference Potential Devices, suggesting the instrument remains focused on its original purpose of regulating drone disruption equipment."},"complexity_factors":["This is only the endnotes/metadata section of the instrument, not the operative provisions","Contains standardised abbreviation tables and legislative history tables used across all Commonwealth legislation","No defined terms, conditional logic, or substantive rules in this excerpt","Simple tabular format with straightforward cross-references to amending instruments","The full instrument itself would likely score higher (estimated 4-6) due to technical radiocommunications definitions and exemption conditions"],"plain_english_summary":"The Determination creates a limited legal carve‑out under the Radiocommunications Act allowing authorised persons and agencies to use equipment that disrupts radio control signals for remotely piloted aircraft. It therefore legitimises certain drone‑jamming actions by law enforcement and security or critical‑infrastructure operators, while affecting drone operators whose signals may be lawfully blocked.\n\nThis document is the endnotes only: it explains abbreviations, shows registration on 26 Sept 2022 (commencing 27 Sept), and notes a September 2025 amendment."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/radiocommunications-exemption-remotely-piloted-aircraft-disruption-determination-2022","history":"/api/acts/radiocommunications-exemption-remotely-piloted-aircraft-disruption-determination-2022/history","analysis":"/api/acts/radiocommunications-exemption-remotely-piloted-aircraft-disruption-determination-2022/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/radiocommunications-exemption-remotely-piloted-aircraft-disruption-determination-2022/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/radiocommunications-exemption-remotely-piloted-aircraft-disruption-determination-2022/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/radiocommunications-exemption-remotely-piloted-aircraft-disruption-determination-2022/documents"}}