{"id":"F2023L00211","name":"Radiocommunications (Exemption – Bomb Disposal Electronic Counter Measures) Determination 2023","slug":"radiocommunications-exemption-bomb-disposal-electronic-counter-measures-determination-2023","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":103848,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2023L00211-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Name","content":"#### 1 Name\n\n  This is the Radiocommunications (Exemption – Bomb Disposal Electronic Counter Measures) Determination 2023.","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commencement","content":"#### 2 Commencement\n\n  This instrument commences at the start of the day after the day it is registered on the Federal Register of Legislation.\n\n> Note: The Federal Register of Legislation is available, free of charge, at [www.legislation.gov.au](http://www.legislation.gov.au).","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authority","content":"#### 3 Authority\n\n  This instrument is made under subsection 27(2) of the Radiocommunications Act 1992.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Repeal","content":"#### 4 Repeal\n\n  The Radiocommunications (Prohibited Devices) (Use of Electronic Counter Measures for Bomb Disposal Activities) Exemption Determination 2010 \\[F2010L00821\\] is repealed.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Repeal of this instrument","content":"#### 5 Repeal of this instrument\n\n  This instrument is repealed at the start of the day that is the fifth anniversary of the day it commences.","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Interpretation","content":"#### 6 Interpretation\n\n  (1) In this instrument, unless the contrary intention appears:\n\n> ACMA Act means the Australian Communications and Media Authority Act 2005.\n\n> ACMA staff has the same meaning as in section 3 of the ACMA Act.\n\n> Act means the Radiocommunications Act 1992.\n\n> authorised person means each of:\n\n    (a) the ACMA;\n    (b) a member, within the meaning of the ACMA Act;\n    (c) a member of the ACMA staff that is an SES employee or acting SES employee.\n\n> Note: SES employee and acting SES employee are defined in the Public Service Act 1999 and referred to in the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n> contractor means:\n\n    (a) a person who has a contract with:\n    (i) a police force; or\n    (ii) the Commissioner or head of a police force, however described; or\n    (iii) the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory, for the benefit of a police force;\n    in relation to an electronic counter measure device; and\n    (b) a person employed or engaged by a person mentioned in paragraph (a) in relation to the contract mentioned in paragraph (a).\n\n> electronic counter measure device means a device that is designed to interfere with, disrupt, distort or disturb radiocommunications.\n\n> improvised explosive device means a thing made or placed in an improvised way that incorporates destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic or incendiary chemicals and is designed to destroy, incapacitate, harass or distract.\n\n> police force means each of:\n\n    (a) the Australian Federal Police; and\n    (b) the police force of each State and Territory.\n\n> potential contractor: see subsection (2).\n\n> primary potential contractor: see paragraph (2)(a).\n\n> Note: A number of other expressions used in this instrument are defined in the Act, including the following:\n\n    (a) ACMA;\n    (b) device;\n    (c) interference;\n    (d) offer to supply;\n    (e) operate;\n    (f) radiocommunication.\n  (2) If a person is capable of supplying an electronic counter measure device to a police force, then each of the following is a potential contractor:\n    (a) the person (primary potential contractor); and\n    (b) a person engaged or employed by that person in relation to the electronic counter measure device.","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"References to other instruments","content":"#### 7 References to other instruments\n\n  In this instrument, unless the contrary intention appears:\n    (a) a reference to any other legislative instrument is a reference to that other legislative instrument as in force from time to time; and\n    (b) a reference to any other kind of instrument or writing is a reference to that other instrument or writing as in force, or existing, from time to time.\n\n> Note 1: For references to Commonwealth Acts, see section 10 of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901; and see also subsection 13(1) of the Legislation Act 2003 for the application of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 to legislative instruments.\n\n> Note 2: All Commonwealth Acts and legislative instruments are registered on the Federal Register of Legislation.\n\n> Note 3: See section 314A of the Act.","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Exemption — police forces, contractors and potential contractors","content":"#### 8 Exemption – police forces, contractors and potential contractors\n\n  (1) An act or omission by a member of a police force or a contractor is exempt from:\n    (a) all of Part 3.1 of the Act; and\n    (b) all of Part 4.1 of the Act; and\n    (c) all of Part 4.2 of the Act;\n  if both:\n    (d) one or more of the circumstances specified in section 9 exists; and\n    (e) all of the circumstances specified in section 10 exist.\n  (2) An act or omission by a potential contractor is exempt from:\n    (a) subsection 170(2) of the Act; and\n    (b) subsection 175(2) of the Act; and\n    (c) subsection 176(2) of the Act;\n  if the circumstance specified in section 12 exists.","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Exemption — general circumstances in which the exemption applies to police forces and contractors","content":"#### 9 Exemption – general circumstances in which the exemption applies to police forces and contractors\n\n  (1) The exemption in subsection 8(1) applies only if one or more of the circumstances specified in this section exist.\n\n> Note: All of the circumstances specified in section 10 must also exist: see paragraph 8(1)(e).\n\n  (2) The act is performed, or the omission occurs, for the purpose of preventing the detonation or use of an improvised explosive device.\n  (3) The act is performed, or the omission occurs, in the course of, or for the purpose of, training a member of a police force in the operation and use of an electronic counter measure device to prevent the detonation or use of improvised explosive devices.\n  (4) The act is performed, or the omission occurs, in relation to the supply of, or an offer to supply, an electronic counter measure device to a police force for the purpose of preventing the detonation or use of improvised explosive devices.\n  (5) The act is performed, or the omission occurs, in relation to the testing of an electronic counter measure device that has been, or is proposed to be, supplied to a police force for the purpose of preventing the detonation or use of improvised explosive devices.\n  (6) The act is performed, or the omission occurs, in relation to the maintenance or repair of an electronic counter measure device that has been, or is proposed to be, supplied to a police force for the purpose of preventing the detonation or use of improvised explosive devices.\n  (7) The act is performed, or the omission occurs, in relation to research and development involving an electronic counter measure device for the purpose of preventing the detonation or use of improvised explosive devices.","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Exemption — circumstances in which the exemption applies to police forces and contractors — record keeping","content":"#### 10 Exemption – circumstances in which the exemption applies to police forces and contractors – record keeping\n\n  (1) The exemption in subsection 8(1) applies only if all the circumstances specified in this section exist.\n\n> Note: One or more of the circumstances specified in section 9 must also exist: see paragraph 8(1)(d).\n\n  (2) If the act or omission involves the use or operation of an electronic counter measure device by a member of a police force, a member of that police force has recorded:\n    (a) the date, time and location of each prior use or operation of the device by a member of that police force; and\n    (b) the purpose for which the device was so used or operated.\n  (3) If the act or omission involves the use or operation of an electronic counter measure device by a contractor in accordance with a contract in relation to a police force, a member of that police force has recorded:\n    (a) the date, time and location of each prior use or operation of the device by a contractor in relation to that police force; and\n    (b) the purpose for which the device was so used or operated.\n  (4) If the act or omission is in relation to a particular police force, before the act is performed or the omission occurs, that police force must have complied with every request made to it under section 11 that has not been withdrawn.","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"11","sectionType":"section","heading":"Request — provision of records","content":"#### 11 Request – provision of records\n\n  (1) An authorised person may request, in writing, that a police force provide the ACMA with a record kept under subsection 10(2) or subsection 10(3).\n\n> Note: See subsection 27(2A) of the Act.\n\n  (2) The police force must comply with a request under subsection (1) within 10 business days of receiving the request, or such longer period as agreed by an authorised person.\n  (3) An authorised person may, in writing given to the police force, withdraw a request made under subsection (1).","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Exemption — circumstance in which the exemption applies to potential contractors","content":"#### 12 Exemption – circumstance in which the exemption applies to potential contractors\n\n  (1) The exemption in subsection 8(2) applies only if the circumstance specified in this section exists.\n  (2) The act is performed, or the omission occurs, for the purpose of the primary potential contractor offering to supply an electronic counter measure device to a police force.","sortOrder":11}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The legislation maintains its original narrow purpose. It replaces a 2010 determination with the same essential function—exempting bomb disposal electronic countermeasures from radiocommunications licensing requirements. The scope remains tightly focused on IED disposal and closely related activities (training, testing, maintenance, supply). The 5-year sunset clause and record-keeping requirements suggest Parliament intends this to remain a targeted, temporary exemption rather than expanding into broader signal jamming permissions."},"complexity_factors":["Moderate definitional overhead: 10 defined terms in section 6, plus 6 terms incorporated by reference from the parent Act","Nested conditional structure: exemptions in section 8 depend on satisfying both section 9 (one of 6 circumstances) AND section 10 (all record-keeping requirements), creating layered logic","Cross-referencing to external legislation: relies on definitions from Radiocommunications Act 1992, ACMA Act 2005, Public Service Act 1999, and Acts Interpretation Act 1901","Temporal limitation: automatic repeal after 5 years adds a sunset clause mechanism","Multiple actor categories with different rules: police forces, contractors, and potential contractors each have distinct exemption conditions (sections 8(1) vs 8(2))","Procedural requirements: section 11 creates an administrative mechanism for record requests with 10-day compliance deadlines"],"plain_english_summary":"This law creates a time-limited legal exemption letting police and approved contractors use, test, train with, maintain and supply electronic countermeasure devices that deliberately jam radio signals to protect against remotely triggered bombs. It affects federal, state and territory police and firms contracting with them.\n\nTo limit misuse, users must keep detailed records of every use, the ACMA can compel those records, and the exemption automatically expires after five years."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This instrument repeals the 2010 determination (s4) and, on its face, establishes narrowly defined exemptions limited to acts connected to preventing improvised explosive devices (use, training, supply, testing, maintenance, R&D, and offers to supply) subject to record‑keeping and ACMA disclosure requests. Based on the text alone, it does not expressly broaden the categories of persons or activities beyond those specified here; a definitive determination whether scope changed relative to the repealed instrument requires comparison with that prior instrument."},"complexity_factors":["Conditional exemption structure: exemption applies only where one or more circumstances in section 9 AND all record‑keeping conditions in section 10 are met (conjunctive test creates procedural gating).","Multiple actor categories with different permissions and obligations: police forces, contractors, and potential contractors are treated differently (see sections 8, 9, 12).","Detailed definitions that determine scope (e.g. 'contractor', 'potential contractor', 'electronic counter measure device', 'improvised explosive device') increase interpretive steps.","Record‑keeping and disclosure obligations: police forces must record prior uses (s10) and comply with ACMA authorised person requests within 10 business days or agreed extension (s11).","Administrative discretion: authorised persons (ACMA, members, SES staff) can request or withdraw records and agree extensions, creating regulatory flexibility.","Statutory cross‑references: frequent reliance on the Radiocommunications Act 1992, ACMA Act and other legislative instruments requires cross‑checking external provisions.","Temporal limits and replacement: repeal of the 2010 determination (s4) and automatic five‑year repeal (s5) create sunset and replacement considerations."],"plain_english_summary":"Creates an exemption under the Radiocommunications Act allowing police forces, their contractors and potential contractors to use, test, supply, maintain, train with, or offer electronic countermeasure devices that interfere with radio communications when aimed at preventing improvised explosive devices. The instrument explicitly requires record‑keeping of prior uses and gives ACMA authorised persons power to request those records; it repeals a 2010 determination and expires five years after commencement."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/radiocommunications-exemption-bomb-disposal-electronic-counter-measures-determination-2023","history":"/api/acts/radiocommunications-exemption-bomb-disposal-electronic-counter-measures-determination-2023/history","analysis":"/api/acts/radiocommunications-exemption-bomb-disposal-electronic-counter-measures-determination-2023/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/radiocommunications-exemption-bomb-disposal-electronic-counter-measures-determination-2023/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/radiocommunications-exemption-bomb-disposal-electronic-counter-measures-determination-2023/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/radiocommunications-exemption-bomb-disposal-electronic-counter-measures-determination-2023/documents"}}