{"id":"F2007L01918","name":"Proclamation - Murray Marine Park","slug":"proclamation-murray-marine-park","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":66773,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2007L01918-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Murray Marine Park","content":"## Part 1—Murray Marine Park\n\nAll of that area within the Southern Ocean, excluding any coastal waters\\* in relation to the State of South Australia, contained within and bounded as follows\\*\\*:\n\n  (i) commencing at the point of latitude 36 degrees 31 minutes 57 seconds south, longitude 136 degrees 48 minutes 6 seconds east;\n  (ii) then south‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 36 degrees 40 minutes 12 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 10 minutes 12 seconds east;\n  (iii) then south along the meridian of longitude 137 degrees 10 minutes 12 seconds east, to its intersection with the parallel of latitude 36 degrees 54 minutes 20 seconds south;\n  (iv) then south‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 37 degrees 5 minutes 54 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 39 minutes 54 seconds east;\n  (v) then north‑easterly along the geodesic to the intersection of the meridian of longitude 138 degrees 57 minutes 20 seconds east, with the outer limit of the coastal waters\\* of South Australia;\n  (vi) then generally south‑easterly along the outer limit of the coastal waters\\* of South Australia to its intersection with the meridian of longitude 139 degrees 9 minutes 52 seconds east;\n  (vii) then south‑westerly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 37 degrees 12 minutes 18 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 56 minutes 6 seconds east;\n  (viii) then south‑westerly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 37 degrees 32 minutes 20 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 40 minutes east;\n  (ix) then south‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 37 degrees 49 minutes 10 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 47 minutes 38 seconds east;\n  (x) then south‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 38 degrees south, longitude 137 degrees 52 minutes 30 seconds east;\n  (xi) then west along the parallel of latitude 38 degrees south, to its intersection with the meridian of longitude 137 degrees 10 minutes 12 seconds east;\n  (xii) then south along the meridian of longitude 137 degrees 10 minutes 12 seconds east, to its intersection with the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone\\*\\*\\*;\n  (xiii) then generally north‑westerly and westerly along the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone to its intersection with the meridian of longitude 136 degrees 42 minutes east;\n  (xiv) then north along the meridian of longitude 136 degrees 42 minutes east, to its intersection with the parallel of latitude 36 degrees 44 minutes south; and\n  (xv) then north‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of commencement.","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Sanctuary Area Zone (IUCN Category Ia ‑ Strict Nature Reserve)","content":"## Part 2—Sanctuary Area Zone (IUCN Category Ia ‑ Strict Nature Reserve)\n\nAll of that area within the Southern Ocean contained within and bounded as follows\\*\\*:\n\n  (i) commencing at the point of latitude 37 degrees 49 minutes 10 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 47 minutes 38 seconds east;\n  (ii) then south‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 38 degrees south, longitude 137 degrees 52 minutes 30 seconds east;\n  (iii) then west along the parallel of latitude 38 degrees south, to its intersection with the meridian of longitude 137 degrees 10 minutes 12 seconds east;\n  (iv) then south along the meridian of longitude 137 degrees 10 minutes 12 seconds east, to its intersection with the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone\\*\\*\\*;\n  (v) then generally north‑westerly and westerly along the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone to its intersection with the meridian of longitude 136 degrees 42 minutes east;\n  (vi) then north along the meridian of longitude 136 degrees 42 minutes east, to its intersection with the parallel of latitude 37 degrees 24 minutes 10 seconds south; and\n  (vii) then south‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of commencement.","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"Part 3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Special Purpose Area Zone (IUCN Category VI — Managed Resource Protected Area)","content":"## Part 3—Special Purpose Area Zone (IUCN Category VI – Managed Resource Protected Area)\n\nAll of that area within the Southern Ocean contained within and bounded as follows\\*\\*:\n\n  (i) commencing at the point of latitude 36 degrees 44 minutes south, longitude 136 degrees 42 minutes east;\n  (ii) then south‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 36 degrees 54 minutes 20 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 10 minutes 12 seconds east;\n  (iii) then south‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 37 degrees 5 minutes 54 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 39 minutes 54 seconds east;\n  (iv) then south‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 37 degrees 12 minutes 18 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 56 minutes 6 seconds east;\n  (v) then south‑westerly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 37 degrees 32 minutes 20 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 40 minutes east;\n  (vi) then south‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 37 degrees 49 minutes 10 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 47 minutes 38 seconds east;\n  (vii) then north‑westerly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 37 degrees 24 minutes 10 seconds south, longitude 136 degrees 42 minutes east; and\n  (viii) then north along the meridian of longitude 136 degrees 42 minutes east, to the point of commencement.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"Part 4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Multiple Use Area Zone (IUCN Category VI ‑ Managed Resource Protected Area)","content":"## Part 4—Multiple Use Area Zone (IUCN Category VI ‑ Managed Resource Protected Area)\n\nAll of that area within the Southern Ocean, excluding any coastal waters\\* in relation to the State of South Australia, contained within and bounded as follows\\*\\*:","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"(a)","sectionType":"section","heading":"(a)","content":"#### (a)\n\n  (i) commencing at the point of latitude 36 degrees 31 minutes 57 seconds south, longitude 136 degrees 48 minutes 6 seconds east;\n  (ii) then south‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 36 degrees 40 minutes 12 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 10 minutes 12 seconds east;\n  (iii) then south along the meridian of longitude 137 degrees 10 minutes 12 seconds east, to its intersection with the parallel of latitude 36 degrees 54 minutes 20 seconds south;\n  (iv) then north‑westerly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 36 degrees 44 minutes south, longitude 136 degrees 42 minutes east; and\n  (v) then north‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of commencement.","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"(b)","sectionType":"section","heading":"(b)","content":"#### (b)\n\n  (i) commencing at the point of latitude 37 degrees 5 minutes 54 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 39 minutes 54 seconds east;\n  (ii) then north‑easterly along the geodesic to the intersection of the meridian of longitude 138 degrees 57 minutes 20 seconds east, with the outer limit of the coastal waters\\* of South Australia;\n  (iii) then generally south‑easterly along the outer limit of the coastal waters\\* of South Australia to its intersection with the meridian of longitude 139 degrees 9 minutes 52 seconds east;\n  (iv) then south‑westerly along the geodesic to the point of latitude 37 degrees 12 minutes 18 seconds south, longitude 137 degrees 56 minutes 6 seconds east; and\n  (v) then north‑westerly along the geodesic to the point of commencement.\n\n\\* The coastal waters are defined in relation to each State and the Northern Territory by the Coastal Waters (State Powers) Act 1980 and Coastal Waters (Northern Territory Powers) Act 1980.\n\n\\*\\* All geographic coordinates are expressed in terms of the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94) as described in the Commonwealth of Australia Gazette GN35 of 6 September 1995.\n\n\\*\\*\\* The exclusive economic zone in relation to Australia and its external territories has been declared under the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Proclamation dated 26 July 1994 published in the Commonwealth of Australia Gazette S290 of 29 July 1994).","sortOrder":5}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This is a standard marine park proclamation that does exactly what it says on the tin: it declares a marine park and zones it. There is no evidence of scope creep — the instrument is purely spatial/boundary-setting in nature and matches its original intent."},"complexity_factors":["Highly technical geographic descriptions using precise coordinates (degrees, minutes, seconds)","Three footnotes defining external legal concepts (coastal waters, datum reference, exclusive economic zone)","Simple structure with four distinct parts and no nested conditional logic","No defined terms section within the instrument itself — relies on external definitions","Straightforward spatial boundaries without exceptions, triggers, or operational rules","Repetitive coordinate-based drafting style typical of marine park proclamations"],"plain_english_summary":"This proclamation creates the Murray Marine Park in the Southern Ocean off South Australia and divides it into four zones with different protection levels—from a strict Sanctuary Zone (look but don’t touch) to Special Purpose and Multiple Use Zones that permit managed activities.  \n\nIt affects fishers, shipping, tourism operators and researchers by defining where activities like fishing, boating and scientific work are allowed, legally balancing conservation with economic use."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This proclamation is narrowly focused: it establishes the Murray Marine Park and prescribes its spatial divisions by precise coordinates and IUCN-style zone labels. It does not add functions, authorities or regulatory regimes beyond mapping and zoning. That is consistent with an instrument whose primary purpose is to define spatial boundaries; it does not expand the scope beyond that original purpose."},"complexity_factors":["Four separate Parts defining the park and three distinct zone-types (Parts 1–4)","High number of precise geographic coordinates (15+ coordinate pairs in Part 1 alone; multiple more in Parts 2–4)","Use of multiple navigational descriptors: geodesic lines, meridians, parallels and a mix of precise bearings and the non‑specific term “generally”","Explicit exclusions of State coastal waters in some provisions, requiring cross-jurisdictional interpretation (Coastal Waters (State Powers) Act 1980)","Reliance on the external legal definition and mapped outer limit of the EEZ under the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973","Reference to a specific geodetic datum (GDA94) — necessary for accurate GIS implementation but an extra technical layer","No standalone regulatory detail on permitted/prohibited activities in each zone (the instrument is spatial; substantive rules likely sit in separate instruments), creating cross-referencing complexity","Potential for small overlaps/adjacencies between zones that require precise charting to resolve operationally"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this instrument does (mechanics)\n\n- Declares the Murray Marine Park and precisely maps its geographic boundaries in the Southern Ocean using latitude/longitude coordinates expressed in the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94).\n- Divides the marine park into named management zones with internationally recognised labels (IUCN categories): a Sanctuary Area (Category Ia — Strict Nature Reserve), a Special Purpose Area (Category VI — Managed Resource Protected Area), and Multiple Use Area(s) (Category VI). (See Part 1–Part 4.)\n- Excludes certain coastal waters of the State of South Australia from some parts of the park and relies on the statutory definitions of “coastal waters” (Coastal Waters (State Powers) Act 1980 and Coastal Waters (Northern Territory Powers) Act 1980) and the declared outer limit of Australia’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ) under the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973.\n\nWho this affects\n\n- Users of the sea in the mapped area: commercial and recreational fishers, marine-tourism operators, shipping interests, companies that might seek to explore or extract seabed resources, scientific researchers, and conservation organisations.\n- The State of South Australia is affected in that the proclamation expressly excludes (in certain Parts) the State’s coastal waters from the Commonwealth-declared area, preserving the separate coastal-waters boundary.\n- Commonwealth agencies or bodies responsible for marine protected areas and compliance enforcement, because they will implement and oversee the park and its zones.\n\nWhy it matters (purpose-claims and direct effects)\n\n- The instrument formally establishes spatial limits for protection and managed use. By giving areas a Sanctuary (Ia) label, it signals the strictest level of protection in that zone (typically limiting or prohibiting extractive and damaging activities). By assigning Category VI to other zones, it identifies them for managed use where some sustainable resource use is compatible with conservation. These are purpose-claims implicit in the IUCN labelling (see Part 2–Part 4).\n\nHow it changes behaviour and who decides\n\n- Behaviour: operators who work in or near the mapped coordinates will face new spatial constraints: they must comply with the management rules that apply to each zone (e.g. stricter controls in the Sanctuary Area than in Multiple Use Areas). This proclamation only sets the zones and coordinates; specific permitted or prohibited activities, licensing, and compliance mechanisms are implemented through management plans, regulations or agency decision-making that follow from the proclamation.\n- Who decides: the proclamation itself fixes the boundaries. Operational decisions about permitted activities, licences, monitoring and enforcement will be made by the relevant Commonwealth management authority and by other statutory instruments and plans that implement the park.\n\nCosts, incentives, trade-offs and implementation issues\n\n- Direct regulatory effect: the proclamation is spatial and technical rather than prescriptive about activities. The real regulatory bite (what is allowed, banned, or licensed) will come from implementing instruments. Those implementing rules create compliance costs for commercial users (permits, exclusion from productive grounds), and administrative/enforcement costs for government agencies.\n- Concentrated vs diffuse impacts: restrictions in a sanctuary are likely to impose concentrated costs on specific users (e.g. commercial fishers operating in those coordinates), while the conservation benefits (if any) would be geographically diffuse and accrue to the broader public and ecological systems.\n- Incentives and substitution: users excluded from the sanctuary or special-purpose zones may shift effort to adjacent waters, potentially increasing pressure there. Multiple Use Areas (Category VI) preserve some commercial access, which reduces displacement pressure relative to a fully protected park.\n- Implementation risk and clarity: the proclamation depends on precise geodesic, meridian and parallel directions and on external legal definitions (coastal waters, EEZ). Terms like \"generally north‑westerly and westerly along the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone\" introduce navigational/interpretive steps that require accurate GIS/charting to implement. Enforcement requires mapping systems and coordination between Commonwealth agencies and, where relevant, the State of South Australia.\n- Opportunity costs: areas designated as strict sanctuary remove options for resource development, exploration and some commercial activity inside those zones; this is an explicit trade-off inherent to the zoning choices (see Part 2 and Parts 3–4).\n\nReferences to instrument mechanics\n\n- Boundaries and overall park area: Part 1.  \n- Sanctuary (IUCN Ia): Part 2.  \n- Special Purpose Area (IUCN VI): Part 3.  \n- Multiple Use Area(s) (IUCN VI) and sub-areas: Part 4.  \n- External statutory cross-references: Coastal waters definitions (Coastal Waters (State Powers) Act 1980; Coastal Waters (Northern Territory Powers) Act 1980) and EEZ outer limit declared under the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 (proclamation cited in the instrument)."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/proclamation-murray-marine-park","history":"/api/acts/proclamation-murray-marine-park/history","analysis":"/api/acts/proclamation-murray-marine-park/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/proclamation-murray-marine-park/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/proclamation-murray-marine-park/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/proclamation-murray-marine-park/documents"}}