{"id":"private-parking-areas-regulations-2014","name":"Private Parking Areas Regulations 2014","slug":"private-parking-areas-regulations-2014","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"sa","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":236788,"registerId":"sa-private-parking-areas-regulations-2014-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-06","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Private Parking Areas Regulations 2014","content":"South Australia\nPrivate Parking Areas Regulations 2014\nunder the Private Parking Areas Act 1986\n\nContents\n1\tShort title\n3\tInterpretation\n4\tParking spaces\n5\tProtrusion over walkway or driveway\n6\tObstructing access\n7\tPurpose other than parking\n8\tDamage to signs etc\n9\tAgreements\n10\tOwner and driver guilty of offence\n11\tFurther offence each hour\n12\tMarking of tyres\n13\tProhibition against immobilising vehicles\n14\tCode\n15\tExpiation of offences against Act\nSchedule 1—Transitional provisions\nPart 1—Preliminary\n1\tInterpretation\nPart 3—Transitional provisions\n3\tTransitional provision\nLegislative history\n\n1—Short title\nThese regulations may be cited as the Private Parking Areas Regulations 2014.\n3—Interpretation\nIn these regulations, unless the contrary intention appears—\nAct means the Private Parking Areas Act 1986;\nvehicle does not include a bicycle propelled by human power.\n4—Parking spaces\n\t(1)\tIf parking spaces are marked out in a private parking area—\n\t(a)\ta vehicle parked in the area must, subject to subregulation (2), be parked wholly within 1 parking space; and\n\t(b)\ta vehicle must not be parked in a parking space that is already occupied by another vehicle.\n\t(2)\tIf a vehicle (including any attached trailer, caravan or other vehicle) cannot wholly fit within an available parking space in a private parking area, the vehicle may be parked so that it occupies more than 1 space.\n5—Protrusion over walkway or driveway\nA vehicle must not be parked in a private parking area so that any part of it or any attached trailer, caravan or other vehicle or load being carried protrudes over a walkway or driveway.\n6—Obstructing access\nA vehicle must not be parked in a private parking area so that it obstructs vehicular or pedestrian access to or egress from the area.\n7—Purpose other than parking\nA person must not, without lawful authority, use a private parking area for a purpose not related to the parking of a vehicle in the area.\nMaximum penalty: $750.\nExpiation fee: $64.\n8—Damage to signs etc\nA person must not, without lawful authority—\n\t(a)\tdeface, damage or interfere with any notice, sign or line exhibited, placed or marked for the purposes of the Act or these regulations; or\n\t(b)\tplace on or remove from a vehicle of which he or she is not the owner or driver an expiation notice issued under the Expiation of Offences Act 1996.\nMaximum penalty: $750.\nExpiation fee: $117.\n9—Agreements\nIf an agreement is in force between the owner of a private parking area and a council under Part 4 of the Act, the agreement and the provisions of Part 4 of the Act extend to the enforcement of these regulations as if offences against the regulations were offences against Part 3 of the Act.\n10—Owner and driver guilty of offence\nIf a vehicle is parked in contravention of these regulations, the owner is guilty of an offence and, if the owner is not the driver, the owner and the driver are each guilty of an offence.\nMaximum penalty: $750.\nExpiation fee: \n\t(a)\tfor an alleged contravention of regulation 4(1)(a)—$63;\n\t(b)\tfor an alleged contravention of regulation 4(1)(b)—$76;\n\t(c)\tfor an alleged contravention of regulation 5—$99;\n\t(d)\tfor an alleged contravention of regulation 6—$97.\n11—Further offence each hour\nIf a person is guilty of an offence by reason of a vehicle being parked in a private parking area in a manner that contravenes or does not comply with these regulations, the person is guilty of a further offence for each hour that the offence continues.\nMaximum penalty: $750.\nExpiation fee: $63.\n12—Marking of tyres\nThe owner of a private parking area or private access road or an authorised officer may, for the purposes of enforcing the Act or these regulations, place erasable marks on the tyres of vehicles parked in the area or road.\n13—Prohibition against immobilising vehicles\n\t(1)\tThe owner or occupier of a private access road, private parking area or private walkway must not immobilise, or cause to be immobilised, a vehicle that is unlawfully parked on the access road, parking area or walkway.\nMaximum penalty: $750.\n\t(2)\tA person must not, on behalf of or pursuant to an agreement with the owner or occupier of a private access road, private parking area or private walkway, immobilise a vehicle that is unlawfully parked on the access road, parking area or walkway.\nMaximum penalty: $750.\n14—Code\n\t(1)\tThe Minister may establish, and vary or revoke from time to time, a code of notices, signs, road markings and other devices to denote areas, parking spaces, conditions, limitations, restrictions or prohibitions relating to private parking areas, private access roads or private walkways.\n\t(2)\tA notice, sign, road marking or other device has no effect unless it substantially conforms with a code established under this regulation.\n15—Expiation of offences against Act\nThe expiation fees specified in the following table are fixed for alleged offences against section 8(9) of the Act arising from an alleged contravention of the section specified opposite the fee:\n\nSection\nExpiation Fee\nsection 8(1)\n$118\nsection 8(2)\n$460\nsection 8(3)\n$79\nsection 8(4)\n$84\nsection 8(5)\n$81\nsection 8(6)\n$65\nSchedule 1—Transitional provisions\nPart 1—Preliminary\n1—Interpretation\nIn this Schedule—\nMinister means the Minister for the time being administering the Private Parking Areas Act 1986;\nthe revoked regulations means the Private Parking Areas Regulations 2001.\nPart 3—Transitional provisions\n3—Transitional provision\nThe \"Code of notices, signs, road markings and other devices to denote areas, parking spaces, conditions, limitations, restrictions or prohibitions relating to private parking areas, private access roads or private walkways\" established by the Minister under regulation 15 of the revoked regulations and published in the Gazette on 2 October 2003 (Gazette 2.10.2003 p3688) as in force immediately before the commencement of these regulations continues in force as a code established by the Minister under regulation 14 of these regulations, subject to variation or revocation under these regulations.\nLegislative history\nNotes\n\t•\tPlease note—References in the legislation to other legislation or instruments or to titles of bodies or offices are not automatically updated as part of the program for the revision and publication of legislation and therefore may be obsolete.\n\t•\tEarlier versions of these regulations (historical versions) are listed at the end of the legislative history.\n\t•\tFor further information relating to the Act and subordinate legislation made under the Act see the Index of South Australian Statutes or www.legislation.sa.gov.au.\nLegislation revoked by principal regulations\nThe Private Parking Areas Regulations 2014 revoked the following:\nPrivate Parking Areas Regulations 2001\nPrincipal regulations and variations\nNew entries appear in bold.\nYear\nNo\nReference\nCommencement\n2014\n227\nGazette 21.8.2014 p4098\n1.9.2014: r 2\n2015\n7\nGazette 22.1.2015 p350\n22.1.2015: r 2\n2015\n88\nGazette 18.6.2015 p2634\n1.7.2015: r 2\n2016\n105\nGazette 23.6.2016 p2272\n1.7.2016: r 2\n2017\n114\nGazette 22.6.2017 p2303\n1.7.2017: r 2\n2018\n81\nGazette 21.6.2018 p2192\n1.7.2018: r 2\n2019\n137\nGazette 13.6.2019 p2043\n1.7.2019: r 2\n2020\n78\nGazette 4.6.2020 p2829\n1.7.2020: r 2\n2021\n66\nGazette 3.6.2021 p1842\n1.7.2021: r 2\n2022\n26\nGazette 10.6.2022 p1457\n1.7.2022: r 2\n2023\n46\nGazette 18.5.2023 p1049\n1.7.2023: r 2\n2024\n30\nGazette 16.5.2024 p870\n1.7.2024: r 2\n2025\n23\nGazette 15.5.2025 p1181\n1.7.2025: r 2\nProvisions varied\nNew entries appear in bold.\nEntries that relate to provisions that have been deleted appear in italics.\nProvision\nHow varied\nCommencement\nr 2\nomitted under Legislation Revision and Publication Act 2002\n22.1.2015\nr 7\nvaried by 88/2015 r 4\n1.7.2015\n\nvaried by 105/2016 r 4\n1.7.2016\n\nvaried by 114/2017 r 4\n1.7.2017\n\nvaried by 81/2018 r 4\n1.7.2018\n\nvaried by 137/2019 r 4\n1.7.2019\n\nvaried by 78/2020 r 4\n1.7.2020\n\nvaried by 66/2021 r 4\n1.7.2021\n\namended by 26/2022 r 3\n1.7.2022\n\namended by 46/2023 r 3\n1.7.2023\n\namended by 30/2024 r 3\n1.7.2024\n\namended by 23/2025 r 3\n1.7.2025\nr 8\nvaried by 88/2015 r 5\n1.7.2015\n\nvaried by 105/2016 r 5\n1.7.2016\n\nvaried by 114/2017 r 5\n1.7.2017\n\nvaried by 81/2018 r 5\n1.7.2018\n\nvaried by 137/2019 r 5\n1.7.2019\n\nvaried by 78/2020 r 5\n1.7.2020\n\nvaried by 66/2021 r 5\n1.7.2021\n\namended by 26/2022 r 4\n1.7.2022\n\namended by 46/2023 r 4\n1.7.2023\n\namended by 30/2024 r 4\n1.7.2024\n\namended by 23/2025 r 4\n1.7.2025\nr 10\nvaried by 88/2015 r 6\n1.7.2015\n\nvaried by 105/2016 r 6\n1.7.2016\n\nvaried by 114/2017 r 6\n1.7.2017\n\nvaried by 81/2018 r 6\n1.7.2018\n\nvaried by 137/2019 r 6\n1.7.2019\n\nvaried by 78/2020 r 6\n1.7.2020\n\nvaried by 66/2021 r 6\n1.7.2021\n\namended by 26/2022 r 5\n1.7.2022\n\namended by 46/2023 r 5\n1.7.2023\n\namended by 30/2024 r 5\n1.7.2024\n\namended by 23/2025 r 5\n1.7.2025\nr 11\nvaried by 88/2015 r 7\n1.7.2015\n\nvaried by 105/2016 r 7\n1.7.2016\n\nvaried by 114/2017 r 7\n1.7.2017\n\nvaried by 81/2018 r 7\n1.7.2018\n\nvaried by 137/2019 r 7\n1.7.2019\n\nvaried by 78/2020 r 7\n1.7.2020\n\nvaried by 66/2021 r 7\n1.7.2021\n\namended by 26/2022 r 6\n1.7.2022\n\namended by 46/2023 r 6\n1.7.2023\n\namended by 30/2024 r 6\n1.7.2024\n\namended by 23/2025 r 6\n1.7.2025\nr 15\nvaried by 7/2015 r 4(1), (2)\n22.1.2015\n\nvaried by 88/2015 r 8\n1.7.2015\n\nvaried by 105/2016 r 8\n1.7.2016\n\nvaried by 114/2017 r 8\n1.7.2017\n\nvaried by 81/2018 r 8\n1.7.2018\n\nvaried by 137/2019 r 8\n1.7.2019\n\nvaried by 78/2020 r 8\n1.7.2020\n\nvaried by 66/2021 r 8\n1.7.2021\n\namended by 26/2022 r 7\n1.7.2022\n\namended by 46/2023 r 7\n1.7.2023\n\namended by 30/2024 r 7\n1.7.2024\n\namended by 23/2025 r 7\n1.7.2025\nSch 1\n\n\nPt 2\nomitted under Legislation Revision and Publication Act 2002\n22.1.2015\nHistorical versions\n22.1.2015\n\n1.7.2015\n\n1.7.2016\n\n1.7.2017\n\n1.7.2018\n\n1.7.2019\n\n1.7.2020\n\n1.7.2021\n\n1.7.2022\n\n1.7.2023\n\n1.7.2024\n\n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The regulations remain tightly focused on their original purpose: regulating conduct in private parking areas. The amendments shown in the legislative history are limited to routine updates of expiation (fine) amounts, which is standard indexation practice rather than scope expansion."},"complexity_factors":["Only 2 defined terms in the interpretation section ('Act' and 'vehicle')","Straightforward offence structure with clear maximum penalties and expiation fees","Minimal cross-referencing—primarily references to the parent Act (Private Parking Areas Act 1986) and Expiation of Offences Act 1996","Simple conditional logic (e.g., 'if vehicle cannot fit wholly within space, may occupy more than 1 space')","No nested exceptions or complex deeming provisions","Legislative history tables are extensive but don't affect substantive complexity of the operative provisions"],"plain_english_summary":"This is South Australian law that sets the rules for private car parks—think shopping centre car parks, apartment building parking, or private driveways.\n\n**What it does:**\n- **Parking rules**: You must park entirely within marked lines (unless your vehicle with trailer/caravan is too big, then you can use multiple spots). You can't park in an already-occupied space.\n- **Safety**: You can't block walkways, driveways, or pedestrian/vehicle access.\n- **Proper use only**: You can't use the car park for non-parking purposes (like storing goods or holding a market) without permission.\n- **No vandalism**: You can't damage signs, road markings, or mess with parking tickets on other people's cars.\n- **Who pays the fine**: Both the driver AND the registered owner can be fined for parking offences. If the offence continues hour after hour, you can be fined again for each hour.\n- **Enforcement tools**: Parking officers can mark tyres with chalk to track how long cars have been there.\n- **Wheel clamping banned**: It's illegal for private car park owners or their agents to immobilise (clamp) vehicles, even if parked illegally.\n- **Signage standards**: The Minister can create a code for what signs and markings must look like, and signs only work if they follow this code.\n\n**Why it matters:**\nThis protects drivers from predatory practices (like wheel clamping) while giving car park owners legitimate ways to enforce reasonable parking rules. It also ensures fines are standardized and signage is clear so people know the rules before they park."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The regulations largely consolidate rules on parking conduct, signage, marking and penalties without expanding the categories of persons or activities regulated. The 2014 regulations revoke the 2001 regulations while continuing the previously established signage code as the new code (Schedule 1, reg 3). Enforcement mechanisms, penalties and ministerial signage discretion remain the principal instruments of effect (regs 9, 10, 14)."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple distinct offences with differing expiation fees and maximum penalties increases administrative tracking (regs 7, 8, 10, 11, 15).","Hourly continuing-offence rule creates recurring liability while an offence persists (reg 11).","Ministerial discretion to establish/modify a mandatory signage code creates an external compliance standard owners must follow (reg 14).","Enforcement may be carried out under agreements with councils, extending enforcement mechanisms beyond private owners (reg 9).","Prohibitions on immobilisation shift enforcement burden toward non-physical measures, constraining private enforcement options (reg 13).","Transitional continuity of the previously published code requires owners to track legacy instruments that remain in force (Schedule 1, reg 3)."],"plain_english_summary":"These regulations set the rules for private parking areas in South Australia: how vehicles must be parked, prohibited uses, marking tyres, signage and penalties. They apply to owners, occupiers, drivers and authorised officers — owners and drivers may be fined for breaches (reg 10); owners/occupiers may mark tyres (reg 12) but may not immobilise vehicles (reg 13). The Minister prescribes a mandatory signage code (reg 14). Direct financial costs fall on vehicle owners/drivers via fines; operational compliance duties fall on owners/occupiers."},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"summary":{"complexity_score":1,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Scope cannot be assessed as the legislative text was not available for analysis. The page returned an error, providing no provisions, definitions, schedules, or amendments to evaluate."},"complexity_factors":["No legislative content was retrievable — the source URL returned a 404 Page Not Found error","Complexity cannot be meaningfully assessed without access to the actual text of the regulations","Score of 1 reflects absence of content, not simplicity of the underlying law"],"plain_english_summary":"This South Australian regulation (subordinate legislation from 2014) governs “private parking areas” — likely setting rules for parking on private land (shopping centres, apartment blocks, private car parks), including enforcement, signage and possible fines or clamping. It primarily affects landowners/operators and motorists and matters because it regulates how private parking is managed and enforced. Note: the regulation text could not be retrieved, so no definitive detail is available here."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/private-parking-areas-regulations-2014","history":"/api/acts/private-parking-areas-regulations-2014/history","analysis":"/api/acts/private-parking-areas-regulations-2014/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/private-parking-areas-regulations-2014/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/private-parking-areas-regulations-2014/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/private-parking-areas-regulations-2014/documents"}}