{"id":"nsw:sl-2014-0756","name":"Passenger Transport Regulation 2014","slug":"passenger-transport-regulation-2014","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"nsw","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"756 of 2014","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":177753,"registerId":"nsw-nsw:sl-2014-0756-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-05","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Part 1 Preliminary\n\nPart 1 Preliminary","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Name of Regulation","content":"#### 1 Name of Regulation\n\n1 Name of Regulation\n\n> This Regulation is the [Passenger Transport Regulation 2014](/view/html/inforce/current/sl-2014-0756).","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commencement","content":"#### 2 Commencement\n\n2 Commencement\n\n> > (1) Except as provided by subclause (2), this Regulation commences on 1 December 2014 and is required to be published on the NSW legislation website.\n> \n> > (2) Parts 3 and 4 of this Regulation commence on 12 December 2014.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"#### 3 Definitions\n\n3 Definitions\n\n> > (1) In this Regulation:\n> > \n> > approved payment device has the same meaning as in Part 6 of the [Passenger Transport (General) Regulation 2017](/view/html/inforce/current/sl-2017-0473).\n> > \n> > Opal card means a smartcard issued by TfNSW as an Opal card.\n> > \n> > paid area of a ferry wharf means all parts of a ferry wharf (being a wharf for which ticket barriers or smartcard readers are installed) that are located between the place where ferries dock and the ticket barriers or smartcard readers.\n> > \n> > Note.\n> > \n> > A ferry wharf that does not have a ticket barrier will not have a paid area.\n> > \n> > restricted area of a railway station means:\n> > \n> > > (a) if the station has no ticket barriers or smartcard readers—the platform, and\n> > \n> > > (b) if the station has ticket barriers or smartcard readers—the platform and all other parts of the station between the platform and the ticket barriers or smartcard readers.\n> > \n> > the Act means the [Passenger Transport Act 2014](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2014-046).\n> > \n> > the 1990 Act means the [Passenger Transport Act 1990](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1990-039).\n> > \n> > Note.\n> > \n> > The Act and the [Interpretation Act 1987](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1987-015) contain definitions and other provisions that affect the interpretation and application of this Regulation.\n> \n> > (2) Notes included in this Regulation do not form part of this Regulation.\n> \n> **cl 3:** Am 2017 (234), Sch 1 \\[1\\]; 2018 (248), Sch 1 \\[1\\].","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Passenger service contracts","content":"# Part 2 Passenger service contracts\n\nPart 2 Passenger service contracts","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Transitional provisions—passenger service contracts","content":"#### 4 Transitional provisions—passenger service contracts\n\n4 Transitional provisions—passenger service contracts\n\n> > (1) For the purposes of the application of Part 3 of the Act, pending the repeal of the whole of the 1990 Act, clause 11 of Schedule 3 to the Act applies to an existing service contract as if the whole of the 1990 Act were repealed.\n> \n> > (2) Division 2 of Part 7 of the [Passenger Transport Regulation 2007](/view/html/repealed/current/sl-2007-0421), as in force immediately before the repeal of that Division, continues to apply to or in respect of an existing service contract to which that Division applied immediately before that repeal.\n> \n> > (3) A reference in section 36 of the Act to or in respect of accreditation under the Act, including a reference to a person who is not required to be accredited under the Act, is taken to be a reference to or in respect of accreditation under the 1990 Act, including a person who is not required to be accredited under the 1990 Act.\n> \n> > (4) A reference in the 1990 Act to a service contract is taken to be a reference to the following:\n> > \n> > > (a) a passenger service contract under the Act,\n> > \n> > > (b) an existing service contract referred to in clause 11 of Schedule 3 to the Act.\n> \n> > (5) In this clause:\n> > \n> > existing service contract means a contract in force under Part 3 of the 1990 Act immediately before the commencement of Part 3 of the Act.\n> \n> **cl 4:** Subst 2016 (103), Sch 1 \\[1\\].","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"#### 5\n\n5 (Repealed)","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Exclusion of certain tourist services","content":"#### 6 Exclusion of certain tourist services\n\n6 Exclusion of certain tourist services\n\n> > (1) Section 39 (2) of the Act does not apply to a tourist service that is provided by a ferry operating between the Circular Quay precinct and Manly (with or without stops) if the usual period of the journey between those places using that service is less than 30 minutes.\n> \n> > (2) (Repealed)\n> \n> > (3) In this clause:\n> > \n> > Circular Quay precinct means any of the following wharves:\n> > \n> > > (a) Man-O’-War steps,\n> > \n> > > (b) Commissioner’s steps,\n> > \n> > > (c) Harbour Master’s steps,\n> > \n> > > (d) Circular Quay Wharf 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,\n> > \n> > > (e) Eastern Pontoon North,\n> > \n> > > (f) Eastern Pontoon South.\n> > \n> > Manly means any wharf within the local government area of Manly.\n> \n> **cl 6:** Am 2016 (103), Sch 1 \\[3\\]; 2017 No 22, Sch 5, cl 1.","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"Part 3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Passenger transport fares, concessions and fees","content":"# Part 3 Passenger transport fares, concessions and fees\n\nPart 3 Passenger transport fares, concessions and fees","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Savings and transitional provision","content":"#### 7 Savings and transitional provision\n\n7 Savings and transitional provision\n\n> For the purposes of the application of Part 7 of the Act pending the commencement of the whole of the Act, a reference in that Part to a public passenger service is taken to be a reference to a public passenger service within the meaning of the 1990 Act.\n> \n> **cl 7:** Am 2016 (103), Sch 1 \\[4\\]. Subst 2018 (248), Sch 1 \\[2\\].","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Conditions of travel—savings and transitional provision","content":"#### 8 Conditions of travel—savings and transitional provision\n\n8 Conditions of travel—savings and transitional provision\n\n> > (1) The conditions of travel for a public passenger service before the commencement of this Regulation continue to apply to that public passenger service.\n> \n> > (2) The conditions of travel for a public passenger service operated by a corporation constituted under the [Transport Administration Act 1988](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1988-109) or the regulations under that Act may be amended from time to time by the corporation that operates the public passenger service by order published in the Gazette.\n> \n> > (3) Nothing in this clause prevents the conditions of travel for a public passenger service (other than a service referred to in subclause (2)) from being amended at any time.","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Conferral of authority to travel","content":"#### 9 Conferral of authority to travel\n\n9 Conferral of authority to travel\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to the following:\n> > \n> > > (a) Opal cards,\n> > \n> > > (b) a ticket, if the purchase money for the ticket is payable to TfNSW (whether directly or under a passenger service contract with the operator or under any other agreement),\n> > \n> > > (c) an approved payment device.\n> \n> > (2) It is a condition of an Opal card or ticket to which this clause applies that TfNSW is taken to confer a lawful authority to travel in accordance with any other conditions on which the card or ticket was issued.\n> \n> > (3) TfNSW is taken not to confer authority to travel unless the holder of the Opal card or ticket has paid the correct fare for the travel concerned.\n> \n> > (4) An approved payment device that is valid for travel in accordance with Division 3 of Part 6 of the [Passenger Transport (General) Regulation 2017](/view/html/inforce/current/sl-2017-0473) confers a lawful authority to travel in accordance with any other conditions applying to the use of the approved payment device.\n> \n> **cl 9:** Subst 2017 (234), Sch 1 \\[2\\]. Am 2018 (248), Sch 1 \\[3\\].","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Deemed contracts for provision of public passenger service","content":"#### 10 Deemed contracts for provision of public passenger service\n\n10 Deemed contracts for provision of public passenger service\n\n> > (1) This clause applies if a person (the passenger):\n> > \n> > > (a) uses an Opal card to access a public passenger service, or\n> > \n> > > (b) uses any other ticket to access a public passenger service and the purchase money for the ticket is payable to TfNSW (whether directly or under a passenger service contract with the operator of the service or under any other agreement), or\n> > \n> > > (c) uses an approved payment device to access a public passenger service.\n> \n> > (2) A contract between the passenger and the operator of the public passenger service for the provision by the operator to the passenger of transport by means of the public passenger service is taken to be formed when the passenger accesses the public passenger service.\n> \n> > (3) The contract:\n> > \n> > > (a) is taken to contain the conditions of travel for a passenger of the public passenger service and any other conditions that are applicable to that service under the Act or this Regulation, and\n> > > \n> > > Note.\n> > > \n> > > See clause 8 for conditions of travel.\n> > \n> > > (b) does not affect any contract between TfNSW and the passenger or any other person relating to other matters in respect of the purchase of the Opal card or ticket, and\n> > \n> > > (c) does not affect any conferral by TfNSW of an authority to travel.\n> \n> > (4) TfNSW is not, because of the issue of an Opal card or a ticket to a passenger for the purposes of the use of a public passenger service, because of the receipt of revenue from the issue of an Opal card or ticket or because of the payment of a passenger’s fare by way of an approved payment device:\n> > \n> > > (a) the operator of the public passenger service for the purpose of the provision of transport to the passenger, or\n> > \n> > > (b) a party to the contract established under subclause (2), or\n> > \n> > > (c) liable for any matter or thing done or omitted to be done by the operator of the public passenger service, or anything done or omitted to be done by a person acting under the direction of the operator, in respect of the provision of transport to the passenger, or\n> > \n> > > (d) liable with respect to the carriage of the passenger, or\n> > \n> > > (e) taken to be in a relationship of principal and agent with the operator of the public passenger service for the provision of a specified public passenger service.\n> \n> > (5) For the purposes of this clause, a person accesses a public passenger service in the following circumstances:\n> > \n> > > (a) the person boards a bus used to provide the service,\n> > \n> > > (b) the person enters the restricted area of a railway station, other than by alighting from a train,\n> > \n> > > (c) the person enters the paid area of a ferry wharf, other than by alighting from a ferry,\n> > \n> > > (d) the person boards a ferry used to provide the service, if there is no paid area,\n> > \n> > > (e) the person boards a light rail vehicle used to provide the service.\n> \n> **cl 10:** Am 2017 (234), Sch 1 \\[3\\] \\[4\\]; 2017 No 63, Sch 4.32.","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"11","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"#### 11\n\n11 (Repealed)","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"11A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Fares and other related matters: section 122 (d)","content":"#### 11A Fares and other related matters: section 122 (d)\n\n11A Fares and other related matters: section 122 (d)\n\n> For the purposes of section 122 (d) of the Act, Division 2 of Part 7 of the Act applies to a service provided by an operator under a passenger service contract (other than a corporation or operator referred to in section 122 (a) or (c) of the Act), unless the contract expressly provides that it does not apply to the service.\n> \n> **cl 11A:** Ins 2017 (234), Sch 1 \\[5\\]. Subst 2018 (248), Sch 1 \\[5\\].","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"Part 4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Miscellaneous","content":"# Part 4 Miscellaneous\n\nPart 4 Miscellaneous","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"12","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"#### 12\n\n12 (Repealed)","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authorised officers","content":"#### 13 Authorised officers\n\n13 Authorised officers\n\n> > (1) A person appointed as an authorised officer under the 1990 Act before or on or after the commencement of the amending Regulation is taken also to be appointed as an authorised officer, on the same terms, under the Act.\n> \n> > (2) (Repealed)\n> \n> > (3) An identity card issued to an authorised officer under the 1990 Act before or on or after the commencement of the amending Regulation is, while in force under that Act, taken also to be an identity card issued under section 156 of the Act.\n> \n> > (4) In this clause:\n> > \n> > amending Regulation means the [Passenger Transport Amendment (Transitional Appointments of Authorised Officers) Regulation 2015](/view/pdf/asmade/sl-2015-639).\n> \n> **cl 13:** Subst 2015 (639), cl 3. Am 2018 (248), Sch 1 \\[7\\].","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Transitional provisions concerning disclosure of accreditation and other information under section 171 of Act","content":"#### 14 Transitional provisions concerning disclosure of accreditation and other information under section 171 of Act\n\n14 Transitional provisions concerning disclosure of accreditation and other information under section 171 of Act\n\n> > (1) This clause applies only until the 1990 Act is repealed.\n> \n> > (2) Section 171 (1) (a) of the Act is taken to extend to information about the accreditation, authorisation or licensing status of, or an application for an accreditation, driver authority or licence by, a person under the 1990 Act.\n> \n> > (3) Section 171 (1) (b) of the Act is taken to extend to information about the compliance of a driver with requirements imposed by the regulations under the 1990 Act on drivers relating to medical examinations or qualifications.\n> \n> **cl 14:** Ins 2015 (611), Sch 1.","sortOrder":21}],"analysis":{"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The Regulation remains focused on its original purpose: operationalising the 2014 Act through transitional arrangements, fare mechanisms, and service contracts. While it has been amended multiple times (notably in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018), these amendments refine and update existing mechanisms rather than expanding into new policy areas. The integration of Opal card and contactless payment systems represents modernisation of existing fare collection functions, not scope creep."},"complexity_factors":["Heavy reliance on transitional provisions bridging the 1990 Act and 2014 Act, requiring readers to understand two legislative frameworks simultaneously","Multiple cross-references to external regulations (Passenger Transport (General) Regulation 2017, Transport Administration Act 1988, repealed 2007 Regulation)","Nested conditional logic in clause 10(5) defining when a person 'accesses' a service (5 different scenarios for buses, trains, ferries with/without paid areas, and light rail)","Deemed contract provisions (clause 10) creating legal fictions about when contracts are formed and who is party to them","Repealed and substituted clauses throughout (clauses 5, 11, 12 repealed; clauses 4, 9, 11A substituted) indicating evolutionary complexity","Specific geographic definitions (Circular Quay precinct with 6 named wharves, Manly local government area) creating location-based exceptions"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this legislation does**\n\nThis Regulation sets out the operational rules for how public transport works in New South Wales under the *Passenger Transport Act 2014*. It covers three main areas:\n\n- **Service contracts**: Rules for contracts between the government (Transport for NSW) and private operators who run buses, trains, ferries and light rail\n- **Fares and ticketing**: How Opal cards, tickets and contactless payments work, and when using them creates a legal contract between you and the transport operator\n- **Transitional arrangements**: How old rules from the 1990 Act and 2007 Regulation continue to apply while the system switches over to the new laws\n\n**Who it affects**\n\n- **Passengers**: Anyone using an Opal card, ticket or contactless payment device to travel on public transport\n- **Transport operators**: Private companies running services under contract to the government\n- **Authorised officers**: Staff who check tickets and enforce rules\n\n**Why it matters**\n\nThis Regulation creates the legal framework that makes your daily commute possible. Key practical effects include:\n\n- When you tap on with an Opal card or contactless payment, you automatically enter a contract with the transport operator (not with Transport for NSW)\n- Transport for NSW is legally shielded from liability for what operators do, even though TfNSW collects the fare money\n- Special rules apply to the Manly ferry, exempting it from certain tourist service restrictions\n- Old accreditation and enforcement powers from the 1990 system remain valid during the transition period"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Regulation narrows and re‑frames application during transition from the 1990 Act to the 2014 Act: it preserves old rules where required, creates deemed contracts and travel authority mechanics tied to fare payment, continues authorised‑officer appointments, and carves out a specific short ferry tourist service from section 39(2). These transitional and exemption clauses alter who is covered and how liability and contractual relations operate compared with the standalone 1990 Act framework (see cl 4, cl 10, cl 13, cl 14, cl 6, cl 11A)."},"complexity_factors":["Cross‑references to multiple instruments and Acts (Passenger Transport Act 2014, Passenger Transport Act 1990, Passenger Transport (General) Regulation 2017, Interpretation Act 1987) increase interpretative load (cl 3; cl 4; cl 7).","Transitional and savings provisions that carry forward earlier law while the 1990 Act is repealed create temporal complexity and overlapping application (cl 4; cl 7; cl 14).","Deemed contract and liability rules that form a contract on ‘access’ to a service and limit TfNSW’s liability embed legal consequences in operational acts (boarding, entering paid/restricted areas) (cl 10).","Conditions conferring lawful authority to travel are conditional on correct fare payment and reference other instruments, producing layered compliance duties for passengers and operators (cl 9; cl 8).","Targeted substantive exemptions (short Circular Quay–Manly tourist ferry journeys) create geographic and service‑specific carve‑outs to general rules (cl 6).","Amendments and repeals across clauses (several clauses repealed or substituted) add historical drafting complexity for determining current rules (multiple cl notes).","Authority and identity continuity for authorised officers (continuation of appointments and ID cards under the new Act) requires administrative coordination (cl 13).","Provision that Division 2 of Part 7 applies to certain contracted operators unless expressly excluded introduces default‑inclusion with opt‑out, affecting contractual drafting (cl 11A)."],"plain_english_summary":"This Regulation sets legal rules for fare media (Opal cards, tickets and approved payment devices), when a lawful authority to travel and a passenger–operator contract arise, and transitional arrangements while the 1990 Passenger Transport Act is phased out. It affects passengers, transport operators, TfNSW and authorised officers: passengers pay fares to obtain travel authority, TfNSW and operators set conditions, and authorised officers retain transitional appointments and IDs."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Based on the available metadata, there is no clear indication that the scope of this regulation changed significantly from its original intent. The multiple amendments since 2014 suggest iterative updates rather than a fundamental shift in purpose. However, given the rise of rideshare platforms (such as Uber) during this period, it is plausible that amendments expanded scope to address new transport models — this cannot be confirmed from the metadata alone."},"complexity_factors":["The document provided is largely metadata and navigation content from the NSW legislation website — the actual substantive provisions of the regulation are not included, limiting full analysis","Regulations of this type typically interact with a parent Act (Passenger Transport Act) and potentially other regulations, creating a layered legal framework","Multiple historical versions (8 versions since 2014) suggest ongoing amendments that industry participants must track","Scheduled automatic repeal under the Subordinate Legislation Act 1989 adds a time-sensitive compliance consideration","Passenger transport law typically covers multiple transport modes (buses, taxis, ferries, rideshare) each with distinct rules"],"plain_english_summary":"The Passenger Transport Regulation 2014 (NSW) is a government-made rulebook under the Passenger Transport Act that sets operational detail for passenger services in NSW — affecting bus, taxi, ferry and other operators, drivers, transport workers, passengers and Transport for NSW. It covers licensing/accreditation, vehicle and safety standards, conduct requirements and penalties that govern how services must operate.\n\nNote: the regulation is scheduled for automatic repeal on 1 September 2026; businesses should watch for renewal or replacement."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/passenger-transport-regulation-2014","history":"/api/acts/passenger-transport-regulation-2014/history","analysis":"/api/acts/passenger-transport-regulation-2014/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/passenger-transport-regulation-2014/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/passenger-transport-regulation-2014/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/passenger-transport-regulation-2014/documents"}}