{"id":"parks-and-reserves-act-1895","name":"Parks and Reserves Act 1895","slug":"parks-and-reserves-act-1895","collection":"act","jurisdiction":"wa","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":105939,"registerId":"wa-parks-and-reserves-act-1895-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Parks and Reserves Act 1895","content":"![Crest]()Western Australia\n\nParks and Reserves Act 1895\n\nWestern Australia\n\nParks and Reserves Act 1895\n\nContents\n\n1. Short title 1\n\n2. Terms used 1\n\n2A. Application 2\n\n3. Boards to control etc. reserved land, appointment of etc. 2\n\n4. Boards’ general functions 4\n\n5. Boards’ specific functions 4\n\n6. Board may delegate to committee 5\n\n7. Board may appoint rangers and other staff 5\n\n7A. Powers of authorised persons 6\n\n7B. Certificate of authority for Board’s members and rangers 7\n\n7C. Evidentiary provisions in relation to speed measuring equipment 8\n\n8. By‑laws 8\n\n9. By‑laws to be gazetted and tabled 12\n\n11. Board meetings, voting at 12\n\n12. Application of *Financial Management Act 2006* and *Auditor General Act 2006* 12\n\n12A. Liability of parents for acts etc. of child 13\n\n12B. Animals, evidentiary provisions as to 13\n\n13. Protection from personal liability 14\n\n14. Infringement notices 14\n\n15. Arrangements for staff before dissolution of Boards that are bodies corporate 16\n\n16. Regulations as to matters consequent on dissolution of Boards that are bodies corporate 17\n\n17. Exemption from State taxation in relation to dissolution of Boards that are bodies corporate 19\n\nSchedule — Form of certificate of authority\n\nNotes\n\nCompilation table 21\n\nOther notes 23\n\nDefined terms\n\n  \n\nWestern Australia\n\nParks and Reserves Act 1895\n\nAn Act for the control and management of certain land reserved to the Crown.\n\n[Long title amended: No. 76 of 2003 s. 6.]\n\n##### 1. Short title\n\nThis Act may be cited as the *Parks and Reserves Act 1895*.\n\n[Section 1 amended: No. 60 of 1947 s. 2.]\n\n##### 2. Terms used\n\nIn this Act the following expressions shall bear the meanings in this section assigned to them respectively, unless the context otherwise requires, or another meaning is expressly assigned —\n\n  authorised person in relation to any land placed under the control of a Board, or any by‑laws made by a Board, means —\n\n(a) any member of the Police Force; or\n\n(b) any member of the Board; or\n\n(c) any ranger appointed by the Board pursuant to section 7;\n\n  Board shall mean a Board appointed under this Act;\n\n  function includes power, right, benefit and obligation;\n\n  owner of a vehicle means the person to whom a licence or permit in respect of the vehicle has been granted under the *Road Traffic (Vehicles) Act 2012*, or if there is not such a person, the person who owns the vehicle or is entitled to its possession;\n\n  Treasurer shall mean the Treasurer of Western Australia;\n\n  vehicle includes any vehicle as defined in the *Road Traffic (Administration) Act 2008* section 4.\n\n[Section 2 amended: No. 8 of 1925 s. 2; No. 17 of 1955 s. 2; No. 50 of 1978 s. 2; No. 5 of 1995 s. 10; No. 31 of 1997 s. 75(1); No. 76 of 2003 s. 7; No. 8 of 2012 s. 153.]\n\n##### 2A. Application\n\n(1) This Act does not authorise the Governor to appoint persons to form a Board to control and manage the Rottnest Island Reserve as described in section 4 of the *Rottnest Island Authority Act 1987*.\n\n(2) This Act does not authorise the Governor to appoint persons to form a Board to control and manage designated land as defined in section 3 of the *Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority Act 1998*.\n\n[Section 2A inserted: No. 91 of 1987 s. 51; amended: No. 53 of 1998 s. 56.]\n\n##### 3. Boards to control etc. reserved land, appointment of etc.\n\n(1) The Governor may appoint persons to form Boards to control and manage land that is reserved under Part 4 of the *Land Administration Act 1997*, and may appoint the president of every such Board, and may from time to time cancel and revoke such appointments and fill up vacancies in the Boards, and may appoint each of such Boards to control and manage any such land as he may from time to time think fit.\n\n(2) Not less than half the members for the time being of a Board shall form a quorum for the transaction of business.\n\n(3) A Board may sue and be sued, and all legal proceedings may be taken by and against a Board, in the name of the president of the Board.\n\n(4) The Governor may by proclamation constitute any Board under such name as he deems fit, a body corporate with perpetual succession and a Common Seal with power to sue and be sued in its corporate name, to acquire, hold, lease and dispose of real and personal property to borrow money with the approval of the Governor and to do and permit to be done all things which are required by this Act to be done by a Board or which are necessary and convenient to be done by a Board for the purpose of giving effect to this Act.\n\n(5) Where a Board is constituted a body corporate under the provisions of subsection (4) by force of this subsection, the functions until then exercised and exercisable by the Board shall be transferred to the Board as so constituted and an order in council which has placed land under the control of the Board shall be amended so as to place the land under the control of the Board as so constituted.\n\n(6) If a Board that is constituted a body corporate under subsection (4) —\n\n(a) has had land vested in it under section 33 of the *Land Act 1933* 1 with power to lease, the Board shall be taken always to have had power to lease the land under and subject to that Act; or\n\n(b) has the care, control and management of land placed with it under Part 4 of the *Land Administration Act 1997* with power to lease, the Board has the power to lease the land under and subject to that Act.\n\n(7) Subject to section 15, the Governor may, by order, dissolve a Board that is constituted a body corporate under subsection (4).\n\n(8) An appointment of a person as a member of a Board is revoked on the dissolution of the Board under subsection (7).\n\n[Section 3 amended: No. 17 of 1955 s. 3; No. 5 of 1995 s. 11; No. 31 of 1997 s. 75(2) and (3); No. 76 of 2003 s. 8; No. 8 of 2009 s. 98.]\n\n##### 4. Boards’ general functions\n\nThe duty of a Board shall be to control and manage all the land placed under its control, and to employ in such control and management any funds provided for those purposes by Parliament, and any funds arising from profits, fees, pecuniary penalties, or otherwise coming to the hands of the Board in the course of such control or management.\n\n[Section 4 amended: No. 76 of 2003 s. 9.]\n\n##### 5. Boards’ specific functions\n\n(1) In the exercise of its general powers in respect of the land placed under its control, a Board may, among other things, do as follows —\n\n(a) fence in or otherwise enclose, clear, level, drain, plant, and form walks and carriage drives through and over the land, or any part thereof; and\n\n(b) construct dams and reservoirs for the retention and formation of sheets of water thereon; and\n\n(c) otherwise improve or ornament the land, and do all such things as are calculated to adapt the land to the purposes of public recreation, health, and enjoyment; and\n\n(d) establish and maintain zoological gardens therein; and\n\n(e) grant licences for the depasturing of animals on the land, and take for the same such fees as the Board may, by any by‑law, from time to time appoint; and\n\n(f) grant licences for the removal of any sand, gravel, or other earth or mineral, and for cutting and removing wood under such restrictions, and at such reasonable price, or such weekly, monthly, or yearly sum as the Board may think fit.\n\n(1a) A Board shall not grant a licence under subsection (1)(e) or (f) unless —\n\n(a) the approval of the Minister has been first obtained; or\n\n(b) the purpose for which the land the subject of the proposed licence is placed under the control of the Board is specifically that for which the licence is proposed to be granted.\n\n(2) Nothing in this section contained shall be construed to limit the general powers of a Board.\n\n[Section 5 amended: No. 59 of 1954 s. 2; No. 4 of 1972 s. 2; No. 50 of 1978 s. 3; No. 77 of 1982 s. 16; No. 8 of 1985 s. 2; No. 1 of 1990 s. 3; No. 5 of 1995 s. 12; No. 53 of 1998 s. 56; No. 76 of 2003 s. 10.]\n\n##### 6. Board may delegate to committee\n\nA Board may delegate any powers conferred on them by this Act to a committee of their body, and such committee shall, to the extent to which such powers are delegated, be deemed to be the Board within the meaning of this Act.\n\n##### 7. Board may appoint rangers and other staff\n\n(1) A Board may from time to time appoint a secretary, rangers, park‑keepers, and other officers and servants, and all persons so appointed shall hold their offices during the pleasure of the Board.\n\n(2) A person appointed to the office of ranger under subsection (1) may hold that office in conjunction with any other office under that subsection.\n\n(3) Notwithstanding anything in this section, to the extent that there is in the case of a person who is appointed under subsection (1) to be a secretary, ranger, park‑keeper or other officer and who is a member of the Senior Executive Service within the meaning of the *Public Sector Management Act 1994* 2 an inconsistency between this Act and that Act that Act shall prevail.\n\n[Section 7 amended: No. 50 of 1978 s. 4; No. 113 of 1987 s. 32.]\n\n##### 7A. Powers of authorised persons\n\n(1) An authorised person who is not a member of the Police Force and who finds a person committing an offence against any by‑law made by a Board, or who on reasonable grounds suspects that such an offence has been committed or is about to be committed, may without warrant other than the provisions of this section —\n\n(a) remove any vehicle, animal or other thing from land placed under the control of the Board; and\n\n(b) stop, detain and search any vehicle, vessel or conveyance; and\n\n(c) enter and search any hut, tent, caravan or other erection which is not a permanent residence,\n\nbut an authorised person shall not exercise any power specified in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) unless he has first taken all reasonable steps to communicate to the owner or person in charge of the vehicle, animal, vessel, conveyance, hut, tent, caravan or other thing concerned his intention to exercise the power and his reasons for believing that he is authorised to exercise the power.\n\n(1a) The offices of member of the Board and ranger appointed under section 7 are each prescribed to be public officers for the purposes of the *Criminal Investigation (Identifying People) Act 2002* and as such may exercise the powers in Part 3 of that Act.\n\n(2) An authorised person may examine any vehicle on land placed under the control of the Board and require the person apparently in charge of the vehicle to inform him whether the vehicle is the subject of a licence or permit under the *Road Traffic (Vehicles) Act 2012* and to give to him the name and address of the owner of the vehicle.\n\n(3) An authorised person who has reason to believe that a vehicle has been used, driven, parked, stood or left in breach of any by‑law made by a Board may require the owner of the vehicle and any person to whom for the time being the possession or control of a vehicle may be entrusted to give any information which it is in his power to give, which may lead to the identification of any person who was driving or who was in charge of the vehicle when the offence is alleged to have been committed.\n\n(4) As regards an authorised person who is a member of the Police Force, the provisions of this Act relating to authorised persons are not in derogation of but are in addition to those of other Acts relating to members of the Police Force.\n\n[Section 7A inserted: No. 50 of 1978 s. 5; amended: No. 6 of 2002 Sch. 2 cl. 4; No. 76 of 2003 s. 11; No. 8 of 2012 s. 154.]\n\n##### 7B. Certificate of authority for Board’s members and rangers\n\n(1) A Board shall issue to —\n\n(a) each of its members; and\n\n(b) each ranger appointed by it pursuant to section 7,\n\na certificate in the form of the Schedule.\n\n(2) An authorised person who is not a member of the Police Force shall produce the certificate issued to him under subsection (1) whenever required so to do by any person in respect of whom he has exercised or is about to exercise any of his powers under this Act.\n\n(3) In any proceedings under this Act production of a certificate in the form of the Schedule is conclusive evidence in any court of the appointment by reason of which the person to whom the certificate relates became an authorised person within the meaning of this Act and of his authority to exercise the powers conferred on an authorised person under this Act.\n\n[Section 7B inserted: No. 50 of 1978 s. 5.]\n\n##### 7C. Evidentiary provisions in relation to speed measuring equipment\n\n(1) In this section —\n\nspeed measuring equipment has the meaning given in the *Road Traffic (Administration) Act 2008* section 117(1).\n\n(2) In any proceedings for an offence against any by‑law made under this Act, evidence may be given of the use of speed measuring equipment by an authorised person in relation to a vehicle and of the speed at which that vehicle was moving as ascertained by the use of that equipment, and that evidence is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, proof of the speed at which that vehicle was moving at the time of the use of that equipment in relation to that vehicle.\n\n(3) In any proceedings for an offence against any by‑law made under this Act, evidence by an authorised person that apparatus used by him was speed measuring equipment within the meaning of this section is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, proof of that fact.\n\n(4) Nothing in this section shall be construed as precluding or restricting the introduction of any competent evidence, whether in addition to, or independent of, any evidence for which provision is made by this section, bearing on the question of whether a person was or was not guilty of an offence.\n\n[Section 7C inserted: No. 22 of 1983 s. 3; amended: No. 8 of 2012 s. 155; No. 15 of 2024 s. 68.]\n\n##### 8. By‑laws\n\n(1) A Board may, with the approval of the Governor, from time to time make, repeal, or alter by‑laws for giving effect to this Act in respect of the land placed under its control, and in particular for —\n\n(a) the regulation of the meetings and general business of the Board and where a Board is constituted a body corporate under the provisions of section 3 prescribing the manner in which the Seal of the Board may be affixed to documents, and the manner in which documents issued by the Board may be authenticated; and\n\n(b) keeping accounts of the receipts and expenditure of the Board; and\n\n(c) the management and conservation of the land, including zoological gardens; and\n\n(d) the appointment and guidance of keepers or servants employed therein; and\n\n(e) prescribing the time at which any such land shall be opened and closed; and\n\n(f) the conduct of persons frequenting any such land; and\n\n(g) prescribing the days on which, and the bounds or limits within which, sports, games, and gymnastics may be permitted on the land, and otherwise regulating or prohibiting such sports, games and gymnastics; and\n\n(h) regulating traffic and the use of vehicles upon roads, and the use of footpaths, and in particular —\n\n(i) prescribing the rules to be observed in respect of any vehicle being driven or used on roads, and the use of footpaths and bridle tracks on the land;\n\n(ii) regulating, prohibiting or restricting the driving of any specified kinds of vehicles or of any vehicles of any specified weights or of any vehicles carrying any specified loads on any road, footpath or bridle track on the land;\n\n(iii) prescribing the places where vehicles of any class or description may or may not be parked on the land;\n\nand\n\n(i) preventing or regulating the admission of vehicles, birds, horses, dogs, asses, mules, camels, cattle, and animals of any other kind to the land; and\n\n(j) preventing or regulating shooting over or on the land; and\n\n(k) preventing or regulating matches, or training for racing with horses, dogs, or otherwise upon the land; and\n\n(l) enabling authorised persons to remove persons who have committed any breach of any by‑law from the land; and\n\n(m) prohibiting the wilful obstruction of authorised persons acting in the execution of this Act and prescribing circumstances in which a person shall be treated as having wilfully obstructed an authorised person; and\n\n(n) prohibiting the impersonation of authorised persons; and\n\n(o) prescribing the circumstances in which where it is alleged that a vehicle has been used, driven, parked, stood or left in breach of any by‑law and where —\n\n(i) the identity of the alleged offender is not known; and\n\n(ii) the owner of the vehicle fails within the prescribed time to either satisfy the Board that the vehicle had been stolen or unlawfully taken, or was being unlawfully used, at the time the offence is alleged to have been committed or inform the Board or an authorised person as to the identity and address of the person whom he believed was the driver or person in charge of the vehicle at the time the offence is alleged to have been committed,\n\nthe owner shall be deemed to have been the driver or person in charge of the vehicle at the time of the alleged offence; and\n\n(p) prohibiting any person other than the owner, driver or person in charge of a vehicle from removing any notice attached to, or left in or on, the vehicle pursuant to section 14; and\n\n(q) regulating or preventing the selling or exposing for sale of goods, wares, or merchandise on the land; and\n\n(r) prohibiting damage or injury to and destruction of trees, shrubs, plants and flowers on the land; and\n\n(s) the prevention of nuisances on the land, and the fouling of any ornamental water on the land; and\n\n(t) prescribing the fees to be charged the public for admission to the land, or part thereof, and the occasions when such fees shall be payable, and prohibiting free admission thereto on such occasions; and\n\n(u) regulating the payment of, and prescribing the method of the collection of, fees charged pursuant to any regulation; imposing on any prescribed class of persons the duty of collecting fees, on behalf of the Board; and, generally, prescribing all matters that may be necessary or expedient to be prescribed for the purpose of assuring that the fees are collected and paid to the Board.\n\n(2) A Board may, by such by‑laws, impose pecuniary penalties, not exceeding a fine of $1 000, for breach of any by‑law and prescribe sums not exceeding $200 payable by way of penalty by persons who proceed in the manner described in section 14(2)(d).\n\n(3) All pecuniary penalties for offences against any by‑laws made by a Board in pursuance of this Act shall go to the use of such Board.\n\n[Section 8 amended: No. 60 of 1947 s. 3; No. 17 of 1955 s. 4; No. 40 of 1963 s. 2; No. 4 of 1972 s. 3; No. 50 of 1978 s. 6; No. 8 of 1985 s. 3; No. 78 of 1995 s. 98; No. 76 of 2003 s. 12; No. 19 of 2010 s. 51.]\n\n##### 9. By‑laws to be gazetted and tabled\n\nSuch by‑laws shall be published in the *Government Gazette*, and shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament within 14 days after such publication, if Parliament be then sitting, and if Parliament be not then sitting, within 14 days after its next meeting; and, in respect of the land placed under the control of the Board that made the by‑laws, such by‑laws, when published, shall have the effect of law, unless repealed or altered as aforesaid, or disallowed by both Houses of Parliament.\n\n[Section 9 amended: No. 77 of 1982 s. 17; No. 76 of 2003 s. 13.]\n\n[**10.** Deleted: No. 76 of 2003 s. 14.]\n\n##### 11. Board meetings, voting at\n\nA Board shall act by a majority of votes, and if at any meeting there is an equality of votes, the president or the member actually presiding shall have a second or casting vote.\n\n##### 12. Application of *Financial Management Act 2006* and *Auditor General Act 2006*\n\nThe provisions of the *Financial Management Act 2006* and the *Auditor General Act 2006* regulating the financial administration, audit and reporting of statutory authorities apply to and in respect of a Board and its operations if the Board is listed in Schedule 1 to that Act.\n\n[Section 12 inserted: No. 98 of 1985 s. 3; amended: No. 74 of 2003 s. 90; No. 77 of 2006 Sch. 1 cl. 117.]\n\n##### 12A. Liability of parents for acts etc. of child\n\n(1) Where any loss is suffered by a Board as a result of any damage or destruction occasioned —\n\n(a) on land placed under the control of the Board; or\n\n(b) to any property owned by or under the care and control of the Board,\n\nby the intentional or negligent act or omission of a child, the Board may recover the amount of that loss from the parent or guardian of that child by action in a court of competent jurisdiction unless the parent or guardian shows that he did not conduce to the act or omission of the child by neglecting to exercise due care and control of the child.\n\n(2) In subsection (1) —\n\n  child means a person who has not attained the age of 18 years;\n\n  parent has the meaning given to that term in section 3 of the *Children and Community Services Act 2004*.\n\n[Section 12A inserted: No. 50 of 1978 s. 7; amended: No. 76 of 2003 s. 15; No. 34 of 2004 Sch. 2 cl. 19.]\n\n##### 12B. Animals, evidentiary provisions as to\n\n(1) Where in any proceedings, whether civil or penal, instituted by a Board any animal, whether registered under any Act or not so registered, is shown to have been habitually in the apparent ownership of any person, that person is deemed, unless he can show cause to the contrary, to have been and to continue to be the owner of that animal and liable for the control of that animal.\n\n(2) It shall not be a defence in any proceedings, whether civil or penal, instituted by a Board in relation to an animal for the person who is registered under any Act as, or is otherwise found to be, the owner to show that at the material time the animal was not in his possession or control unless he also shows that the animal in question was in the actual possession or control of some other person without his consent.\n\n(3) Where in any proceedings instituted by a Board in relation to an animal a person is alleged to have permitted any act or thing it shall be a defence to any prosecution that the contravention or non‑compliance occurred without his knowledge, consent or connivance only if it is also shown that he exercised all due diligence to prevent it.\n\n[Section 12B inserted: No. 50 of 1978 s. 8; amended: No. 73 of 1994 s. 4.]\n\n##### 13. Protection from personal liability\n\n(1) In this section, a reference to the doing of anything includes a reference to the omission to do anything.\n\n(2) An action in tort does not lie against a person, other than a Board, for anything that the person has, in good faith, done in the performance or purported performance of a function under this Act.\n\n(3) The protection given by this section applies even though the thing done in the performance or purported performance of a function under this Act may have been capable of being done whether or not this Act had been enacted.\n\n(4) This section does not relieve the Board or the Crown of any liability that it might have for the doing of anything by a person against whom this section provides that an action does not lie.\n\n[Section 13 inserted: No. 59 of 2004 s. 141.]\n\n##### 14. Infringement notices\n\n(1) Where an authorised person finds a person committing an offence against any by‑law made by a Board or suspects on reasonable grounds that a person has committed such an offence and, having regard to the nature of the alleged offence and the circumstances in which the alleged offence occurs or occurred, the authorised person believes that proceedings under this section are adequate he may upon ascertaining the name and address of the person give the notice specified in this section.\n\n(2) The notice —\n\n(a) shall be identified by a serial number;\n\n(b) shall identify the person to whom it is given by his name and address;\n\n(c) shall state in general terms the offence that the person is alleged to have committed;\n\n(d) shall inform the person in general terms that if he does not desire the matter to be determined in a court hearing he may complete the form attached to or appearing upon the notice and may forward or deliver that form together with a prescribed sum by way of penalty to the person named therein within the time appointed in the notice, which shall be not less than 10 days from the date of giving the notice, whereupon he will not be liable to further costs or penalty in the matter;\n\n(e) shall inform the person in general terms that he has a right to decline to proceed in the manner described in paragraph (d) and to allow the matter to be determined in a court hearing —\n\n(i) if he desires to contest the question whether the offence alleged was in fact committed; or\n\n(ii) if he wishes to submit to the court matters in extenuation of penalty; or\n\n(iii) for any other reason,\n\nin which event he need not reply or take further action in respect of the notice and that in such case court process will issue against him in due course.\n\n(3) Notwithstanding subsection (1) and subsection (2)(b), where it is alleged that a vehicle is being or has been used, driven, parked, stood or left in breach of any by‑law made by a Board and the identity of the driver or person in charge of the vehicle is not known and cannot immediately be ascertained a notice pursuant to subsection (1) may —\n\n(a) in any case, be addressed and given to the owner of the vehicle within 30 days after the date on which the offence is alleged to have been committed; or\n\n(b) where the allegation is of an offence of which the parking, standing or leaving of the vehicle is an element, be addressed to the owner of the vehicle, without naming him or stating his address, and be given to him by attaching it to the vehicle or leaving it in or on the vehicle.\n\n(4) Where a person to whom notice is given pursuant to this section proceeds in the manner described in subsection (2)(d) within the time appointed in the notice a proceeding against him by way of prosecution for the offence alleged in the notice shall not be competent but otherwise such a proceeding may be commenced as if the notice had not been given.\n\n[Section 14 inserted: No. 50 of 1978 s. 10.]\n\n##### 15. Arrangements for staff before dissolution of Boards that are bodies corporate\n\n(1) In this section —\n\n  staff member, in relation to a particular Board, means a person appointed under section 7(1) by that Board.\n\n(2) A Board cannot be dissolved under section 3(7) unless —\n\n(a) the Minister, after consultation with the Public Sector Commissioner, has nominated a person or other body in the Public Sector to be the employer of the Board’s staff members on the dissolution of the Board, and the employment of each staff member who has agreed to being employed by that person or body has been arranged with that person or body; or\n\n(b) each staff member whose re‑employment is not arranged under paragraph (a) is covered by the provisions applicable under Part 6 of the *Public Sector Management Act 1994*.\n\n(3) Except as otherwise agreed by a staff member of a Board, the remuneration, existing or accrued rights, rights under a superannuation scheme or continuity of service of the staff member are not affected, prejudiced or interrupted by —\n\n(a) a change in employment arranged under subsection (2)(a); or\n\n(b) the dissolution of the Board.\n\n[Section 15 inserted: No. 76 of 2003 s. 16; amended: No. 39 of 2010 s. 89.]\n\n##### 16. Regulations as to matters consequent on dissolution of Boards that are bodies corporate\n\n(1) The Governor, with the approval of the Treasurer, may make regulations prescribing all matters that are required, necessary or convenient to be prescribed in relation to anything to be done, or that occurs, because of the dissolution of a Board.\n\n(2) Without limiting subsection (1), regulations may be made in relation to all or any of the following matters —\n\n(a) the disposition of, or dealing with, the property of a Board, on the Board’s dissolution;\n\n(b) the transfer or discharge of a Board’s rights and liabilities, on the Board’s dissolution;\n\n(c) the continuation of proceedings or remedies by or against a Board that were pending immediately before the Board’s dissolution;\n\n(d) the commencement of proceedings or remedies that could have been taken by or against a Board if the Board had not been dissolved;\n\n(e) the continuation of the effect of any agreement, instrument or policy of insurance to which the Board was a party immediately before the Board’s dissolution;\n\n(f) the interpretation of references in a written law or a document referred to in paragraph (e) to a Board that has been dissolved;\n\n(g) any act, matter or thing done or omitted to be done by a Board in relation to its rights and liabilities before its dissolution;\n\n(h) taking possession of books, documents or other records, however compiled or stored, relating to the operations of a Board, on the Board’s dissolution;\n\n(i) the making and submission of any outstanding annual report and a final report relating to the operations of a Board before its dissolution, and the documents and reports to accompany those reports and for that purpose, to provide, despite the dissolution of the Board —\n\n(i) for the continuation of the Board, constituted by a person specified in the regulations on the terms specified in the regulations, with the powers necessary or convenient for the purposes of making and submitting the reports; and\n\n(ii) for the continued application of section 12 to the Board until the reports and accompanying documents and reports are tabled in Parliament.\n\n(3) Different provisions of regulations under this section may come into operation on different days.\n\n(4) In this section —\n\n  dissolution means dissolution under section 3(7);\n\n  liabilities includes duties and obligations;\n\n  rights includes powers, privileges and immunities.\n\n[Section 16 inserted: No. 76 of 2003 s. 16.]\n\n##### 17. Exemption from State taxation in relation to dissolution of Boards that are bodies corporate\n\n(1) In this section —\n\n  State tax includes duty chargeable under the *Duties Act 2008* and any other tax, duty, fee, levy or charge under a law of the State.\n\n(2) State tax is not payable in relation to —\n\n(a) anything that occurs because of the dissolution of a Board under section 3(7); or\n\n(b) anything done (including a transaction entered into or an instrument or document of any kind made, executed, lodged or given) under regulations made under section 16, or for a purpose connected with or arising out of the dissolution of a Board under section 3(7).\n\n(3) The Treasurer or a person authorised by the Treasurer may certify in writing that —\n\n(a) a specified thing occurred because of the dissolution of a Board under section 3(7); or\n\n(b) a specified thing was done under regulations made under section 16, or for a purpose connected with or arising out of the dissolution of a Board under section 3(7),\n\nand such a certificate is conclusive evidence of that fact, unless the contrary is shown.\n\n[Section 17 inserted: No. 76 of 2003 s. 16; amended: No. 12 of 2008 Sch. 1 cl. 26.]\n\nSchedule — Form of certificate of authority\n\n[s. 7B]\n\n[Heading amended: No. 19 of 2010 s. 4.]\n\n**CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORITY**\n\nThis is to certify that...............................................................................................\n\n.........................................................................................................................is an\n\nAUTHORISED PERSON\n\nfor the purposes of the\n\n*PARKS AND RESERVES ACT 1895* (AS AMENDED)\n\nand has legal authority to exercise the powers conferred on the holder of such office.\n\nIssued by the...........................................................................................Board this\n\n(Name of Board)\n\n....................................................day of.....................................................20.........\n\nSigned.............................................\n\nFor and on behalf of the Board.\n\n.........................................................\n\n(Signature of holder)\n\n[Schedule inserted: No. 50 of 1978 s. 11.]\n\n![dline]()\n\nNotes\n\nThis is a compilation of the *Parks and Reserves Act 1895* and includes amendments made by other written laws. For provisions that have come into operation, and for information about any reprints, see the compilation table.\n\nCompilation table\n\n| **Short title** | **Number and year** | **Assent** | **Commencement** | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| *The Parks and Reserves Act 1895* 3 | 30 of 1895   (59 Vict. No. 30) | 12 Oct 1895 | | 12 Oct 1895 | |\n| *The Parks and Reserves Act Amendment Act 1947* | 60 of 1947   (11 and 12 Geo. VI No. 60) | 10 Jan 1948 | | 10 Jan 1948 | |\n| *Parks and Reserves Act Amendment Act 1954* | 59 of 1954   (3 Eliz. II No. 59) | 30 Dec 1954 | | 30 Dec 1954 | |\n| *Parks and Reserves Act Amendment Act 1955* | 17 of 1955   (4 Eliz. II No. 17) | 1 Nov 1955 | | 1 Nov 1955 | |\n| **Reprint of the *Parks and Reserves Act 1895* approved 30 Jun 1960 in Volume 15 of Reprinted Acts** (includes amendments listed above) | | | | | |\n| *Parks and Reserves Act Amendment Act 1963* | 40 of 1963   (12 Eliz. II No. 40) | 25 Nov 1963 | | 25 Nov 1963 | |\n| *Parks and Reserves Act Amendment Act 1972* | 4 of 1972 | 8 May 1972 | | 8 May 1972 | |\n| *Parks and Reserves Act Amendment Act 1978* | 50 of 1978 | 6 Sep 1978 | | 6 Sep 1978 | |\n| **Reprint of the *Parks and Reserves Act 1895* approved 31 Jan 1979** (includes amendments listed above) | | | | | |\n| *Acts Amendment (Reserves) Act 1982* Pt. III (s. 15-17) | 77 of 1982 | 8 Nov 1982 | | Act other than s. 16: 8 Nov 1982 (see s. 2(1));   s. 16: 6 Dec 1982 (see s. 2(2)) | |\n| *Parks and Reserves Amendment Act 1983* 4 | 22 of 1983 | 22 Nov 1983 | | 20 Dec 1983 (see s. 2) | |\n| *Parks and Reserves Amendment Act 1985* | 8 of 1985 | 25 Mar 1985 | | 22 Apr 1985 | |\n| *Acts Amendment (Financial Administration and Audit) Act 1985* s. 3 | 98 of 1985 | 4 Dec 1985 | | 1 Jul 1986 (see s. 2 and *Gazette* 30 Jun 1986 p. 2255) | |\n| *Rottnest Island Authority Act 1987* s. 51 | 91 of 1987 | 9 Dec 1987 | | 30 May 1988 (see s. 2 and *Gazette* 30 May 1988 p. 1823) | |\n| *Acts Amendment (Public Service) Act 1987* s. 32 | 113 of 1987 | 31 Dec 1987 | | 16 Mar 1988 (see s. 2 and *Gazette* 16 Mar 1988 p. 813) | |\n| *Parks and Reserves Amendment Act 1990* | 1 of 1990 | 14 Jun 1990 | | 14 Jun 1990 (see s. 2) | |\n| *Statutes (Repeals and Minor Amendments) Act 1994* s. 4 | 73 of 1994 | 9 Dec 1994 | | 9 Dec 1994 (see s. 2) | |\n| *Land, Parks and Reserves Amendment Act 1995* Pt. 3 | 5 of 1995 | 24 May 1995 | | 5 Aug 1995 (see s. 2 and *Gazette* 4 Aug 1995 p. 3309) | |\n| *Sentencing (Consequential Provisions) Act 1995* Pt. 59 | 78 of 1995 | 16 Jan 1996 | | 4 Nov 1996 (see s. 2 and *Gazette* 25 Oct 1996 p. 5632) | |\n| *Acts Amendment (Land Administration) Act 1997* Pt. 48 | 31 of 1997 | 3 Oct 1997 | | 30 Mar 1998 (see s. 2 and *Gazette* 27 Mar 1998 p. 1765) | |\n| *Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority Act 1998* s. 56 | 53 of 1998 | 7 Dec 1998 | | 1 Jul 1999 (see s. 2 and *Gazette* 30 Jun 1999 p. 2879) | |\n| **Reprint of the *Parks and Reserves Act 1895* as at 5 Mar 1999** (includes amendments listed above except those in the *Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority Act 1998*) | | | | | |\n| *Criminal Investigation (Identifying People) Act 2002* Sch. 2 cl. 4 | 6 of 2002 | 4 Jun 2002 | | 29 Jun 2002 (see s. 2 and *Gazette* 28 Jun 2002 p. 3037) | |\n| *Statutes (Repeals and Minor Amendments) Act 2003* s. 90 | 74 of 2003 | 15 Dec 2003 | | 15 Dec 2003 (see s. 2) | |\n| *Acts Amendment (Reserves and Reserve Boards) Act 2003* Pt. 3 | 76 of 2003 | 15 Dec 2003 | | 15 Dec 2003 (see s. 2) | |\n| *Children and Community Services Act 2004* Sch. 2 cl. 19 | 34 of 2004 | 20 Oct 2004 | | 1 Mar 2006 (see s. 2 and *Gazette* 14 Feb 2006 p. 695) | |\n| *Courts Legislation Amendment and Repeal Act 2004* s. 141 | 59 of 2004 | 23 Nov 2004 | | 1 May 2005 (see s. 2 and *Gazette* 31 Dec 2004 p. 7128) | |\n| **Reprint 4: The *Parks and Reserves Act 1895* as at 6 Jan 2006** (includes amendments listed above except those in the *Children and Community Services Act 2004*) | | | | | |\n| *Financial Legislation Amendment and Repeal Act 2006* Sch. 1 cl. 117 | 77 of 2006 | 21 Dec 2006 | | 1 Feb 2007 (see s. 2(1) and *Gazette* 19 Jan 2007 p. 137) | |\n| *Duties Legislation Amendment Act 2008* Sch. 1 cl. 26 | 12 of 2008 | 14 Apr 2008 | | 1 Jul 2008 (see s. 2(d)) | |\n| *Statutes (Repeals and Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2009* s. 98 | 8 of 2009 | 21 May 2009 | | 22 May 2009 (see s. 2(b)) | |\n| *Standardisation of Formatting Act 2010* s. 4 and 51 | 19 of 2010 | 28 Jun 2010 | | 11 Sep 2010 (see s. 2(b) and *Gazette* 10 Sep 2010 p. 4341) | |\n| *Public Sector Reform Act 2010* s. 89 | 39 of 2010 | 1 Oct 2010 | | 1 Dec 2010 (see s. 2(b) and *Gazette* 5 Nov 2010 p. 5563) | |\n| **Reprint 5: The *Parks and Reserves Act 1895* as at 1 Jul 2011** (includes amendments listed above) | | | | | |\n| *Road Traffic Legislation Amendment Act 2012* Pt. 4 Div. 38 | 8 of 2012 | 21 May 2012 | | | 27 Apr 2015 (see s. 2(d) and *Gazette* 17 Apr 2015 p. 1371) |\n| *Road Traffic Legislation Amendment (Infringement Management Reform) Act 2024* Pt. 4 Div. 2 | 15 of 2024 | 14 May 2024 | | | 7 Oct 2024 (see s. 2(b) and SL 2024/200 cl. 2) |\n\n\nOther notes\n\n1 Under the *Land Administration Act 1997* s. 281(3) a reference in a written law to the *Land Act 1933* is, unless the contrary intention appears, to be construed as if that reference were a reference to the *Land Administration Act 1997*.\n\n2 Under the *Public Sector Management Act 1994* s. 112(1), a reference to the *Public Service Act 1978* is to be read as a reference to the *Public Sector Management Act 1994*. The reference was changed under the *Reprints Act 1984* s. 7(3)(g).\n\n3 Now known as the *Parks and Reserves Act 1895*; short title changed (see note under s. 1).\n\n4 The *Parks and Reserves Amendment Act 1983* s. 4(2) is a transitional provision that is of no further effect.\n\nDefined terms\n\n*[This is a list of terms defined and the provisions where they are defined. The list is not part of the law.]*\n\n**Defined term Provision(s)**\n\nauthorised person 2\n\nBoard 2\n\nchild 12A(2)\n\ndissolution 16(4)\n\nfunction 2\n\nliabilities 16(4)\n\nowner 2\n\nparent 12A(2)\n\nrights 16(4)\n\nspeed measuring equipment 7C(1)\n\nstaff member 15(1)\n\nState tax 17(1)\n\nTreasurer 2\n\nvehicle 2\n\n© State of Western Australia 2024.\n\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY 4.0). To view relevant information and for a link to a copy of the licence, visit www.legislation.wa.gov.au.\n\nAttribute work as: © State of Western Australia 2024.\n\nBy Authority: GEOFF O. LAWN, Government Printer\n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The Act’s core scope — giving public Boards authority to control and manage reserved Crown land — remains the same as its original purpose. Over time the statute has accumulated detailed administrative and enforcement machinery (by‑law powers, infringement notices, evidentiary presumptions, corporate incorporation and dissolution procedures, staff transfer protections). Those additions extend the operational detail and enforcement reach of the original framework but do not materially repurpose the Act away from managing and regulating reserve land. In short: scope preserved (management/regulation of reserves) but operational and enforcement detail expanded."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple cross‑references to at least 9 other statutes (Land Administration Act 1997, Road Traffic (Vehicles) Act 2012, Road Traffic (Administration) Act 2008, Financial Management Act 2006, Auditor General Act 2006, Criminal Investigation (Identifying People) Act 2002, Children and Community Services Act 2004, Public Sector Management Act 1994, Duties Act 2008)","Approximately 15 defined terms listed in the interpretation/defined terms section","Detailed by‑law powers with many specific sub‑items (s 8(1)(a)–(u)) creating many operational rules","Structured enforcement regime with infringement notices, evidentiary presumptions, owner‑deeming and speed‑equipment rules (ss 7A, 7B, 7C, 8, 14, 12B)","Delegation, committee and delegation‑in‑practice provisions (s 6) plus corporate incorporation and dissolution mechanics (s 3(4)–(8))","Nested transitional and dissolution provisions with regulations and tax exemptions (ss 15–17) and administrative prerequisites for dissolution (s 15(2))","Protections for officers and tort‑immunity carve‑outs with exceptions (s 13)","Procedural safeguards and requirements (publication, gazettal and tabling of by‑laws, s 9; certificate production, s 7B)","Multiple penalty ceilings and different enforcement pathways (by‑law fines up to $1,000; prescribed penalty amounts and time limits under s 14)"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this law does (mechanics first)**\n\n- It enables the Governor to appoint Boards to control and manage Crown land that is reserved under the Land Administration Act 1997 (i.e. public parks and reserves) and to make those Boards corporate bodies if desired (s 3).\n\n- Each Board’s basic duty is to control and manage the land placed under its control and to use parliamentary funding and any revenue it raises for that purpose (s 4).\n\n- Boards get a long list of specific powers to alter and improve land, establish zoological gardens, grant licences for grazing, removal of materials or cutting wood, construct roads and waterworks, set fees and regulate conduct on the land (s 5, s 8).\n\n- Many Board actions require prior Minister or Governor approval: for example, licences for depasturing or removal of minerals need Minister approval unless the land was reserved for that purpose (s 5(1a)); by-laws require the Governor’s approval and must be published and tabled in Parliament (s 8, s 9).\n\n- Boards can appoint staff (secretary, rangers, park‑keepers) and can delegate powers to committees (s 6, s 7). Where staff are public sector senior executives, the Public Sector Management Act prevails over inconsistent provisions (s 7(3)).\n\n- “Authorised persons” (police, Board members, or Board rangers) have specified enforcement powers on Board land: removing vehicles/animals/things, stopping/detaining/searching vehicles or non‑permanent dwellings, examining vehicles for licence details, and requiring information to identify drivers (s 2; s 7A). Non‑police authorised persons must produce a certificate of authority when exercising powers (s 7B).\n\n- Boards may make by‑laws for a wide range of matters (opening hours, behaviour, sports, vehicle rules, animal admission, parking, selling goods, fees, collection of fees) and may impose pecuniary penalties (fines up to $1,000 under the by‑laws; other prescribed penalties for notice‑removal up to $200) (s 8(1)–(2)). Penalties collected go to the Board (s 8(3)).\n\n- Boards can issue infringement notices for by‑law breaches with a prescribed penalty option that avoids court (s 14). Special rules apply where the identity of a vehicle driver is unknown — owners can be deemed to be the driver unless they show otherwise (s 8(1)(o), s 14(3)).\n\n- Evidentiary rules assist enforcement: speed measuring equipment readings and certification that apparatus is such equipment are admissible in proceedings in the absence of contrary evidence (s 7C). There are also evidentiary presumptions about habitual ownership of animals (s 12B).\n\n- Boards and their officers receive legal protections and limits: people (other than Boards) acting in good faith in performing functions under the Act are generally protected from tort actions (s 13). Separate provisions protect employees’ rights if a Board that is a corporate body is dissolved and provide rules for transfer of staff and assets/liabilities on dissolution (s 15–17).\n\n- Financial oversight provisions mean that, if listed in the relevant schedule, Boards are subject to the State Financial Management Act and Auditor General Act requirements (s 12).\n\n**Who is affected**\n\n- Boards and their members, rangers and staff (creation, duties, powers, employment protections) (ss 3, 7, 15–16).\n- Users of reserve land: visitors, vehicle owners and drivers, traders, sport and event organisers, graziers and licence‑holders (ss 5, 8, 14).\n- Parents and guardians: a Board can recover loss caused by intentional or negligent acts of a child from their parent/guardian unless that person shows they exercised due care (s 12A).\n- Owners of animals: legal presumptions about habitual ownership and control affect liability in proceedings by a Board (s 12B).\n- The Police and other authorised persons who may assist enforcement (s 7A).\n- Ministers, the Governor and the Treasurer — who exercise approval, proclamation and certification powers (ss 3, 5(1a), 8, 16–17).\n\n**Why it matters (purpose claims and practical effects)**\n\n- Official purpose: to provide a framework for the control and management of Crown reserves and to give Boards the tools to manage, conserve and regulate public land for recreation, health and enjoyment (ss 3–5).\n\n- Practical effects and trade‑offs:\n  - The Act centralises decision‑making about reserved land in appointed Boards but retains executive oversight (Governor/Minister approvals and power to dissolve Boards) (s 3, s 16). That concentrates decision authority in public bodies while creating formal oversight levers for the executive.\n  - Boards can raise revenue (fees, licences and pecuniary penalties) and keep those funds for land management (s 4, s 8(3)). This aligns incentives for Boards to collect fees and enforce by‑laws, but also creates an incentive to set and enforce penalties that fund the Board rather than neutral arbitration of public access (s 8(3)).\n  - Commercial activity on reserves (vendors, event organisers, grazing licences, extraction licences) is regulated via by‑laws and licensing; some licences require Ministerial approval (s 5(1a), s 8). That reduces contract freedom for private enterprises operating on reserves and introduces administrative approval costs; it can also restrict competition where licensing is limited.\n  - Enforcement mechanisms shift some enforcement costs onto land users: infringement notices provide an out‑of‑court resolution (s 14), evidentiary presumptions (s 7C, s 12B) lower the proof burden for Boards, and owner‑deeming rules for vehicles assign responsibility to owners unless they identify drivers (s 8(1)(o)). These mechanisms increase compliance risk for vehicle owners and animal keepers and reduce the probability of successful contest in court unless the respondent adduces contrary evidence.\n  - Authorised persons (including non‑police rangers) have powers to stop, detain and search, subject to procedural safeguards (must first take reasonable steps to communicate intentions and reasons; produce certificate when required) (s 7A, s 7B). That expands on‑site enforcement capability but requires training and supervision to manage legal and reputational risks.\n  - Dissolution, transfer and staff protections (ss 15–17) create administrative complexity but protect employees’ accrued rights and exempt certain dissolution transactions from State taxes, reducing transaction costs on winding up a corporate Board.\n\n**Implementation and compliance risks**\n\n- Training and oversight: authorised persons exercising search/detention powers need training and clear governance to avoid unlawful exercise and litigation (s 7A, s 7B).\n- Revenue incentives: because pecuniary penalties go to Boards, there is a risk Boards prioritise enforcement that generates revenue unless statutory and parliamentary oversight constrains that (s 8(3), s 9).\n- Cross‑agency coordination: remedies and rules reference multiple other Acts (Land Administration Act, Road Traffic Acts, Financial Management Act, Criminal Investigation Act, Children and Community Services Act), requiring inter‑agency processes and compatibility checks (see s 2 and other cross‑references).\n\n**Concrete behavioural effects**\n\n- Boards can limit or authorise commercial uses (events, vendors, grazing, mineral removal) and set fees — so businesses seeking to operate on reserves will face licensing and permit costs and possible Ministerial approval (s 5, s 8).\n- Vehicle owners are more exposed to liability (owner‑deeming and information requirements) and to enforcement by authorised persons (s 8(1)(o), s 14, s 7A(2)–(3)).\n- Parents/guardians face civil recovery risk for damage caused by children on reserves unless they show they exercised due care (s 12A).\n\n(References in parentheses are to the section numbers of the Parks and Reserves Act 1895.)"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The legislation has grown significantly beyond its original 1895 purpose of simply appointing Boards to manage parks. Modern amendments have transformed it into a comprehensive governance framework including: corporate structuring for Boards with perpetual succession and common seals (section 3(4)); detailed dissolution and staff transfer mechanisms (sections 15-17); tax exemption schemes (section 17); speed enforcement and evidentiary provisions (section 7C); parental liability for children's damage (section 12A); and complex infringement notice systems (section 14). The original Act dealt primarily with park maintenance and basic by-laws; it now functions as a statutory authority governance law with employment, financial, and enforcement dimensions."},"complexity_factors":["Moderate length (23 pages) with 17 substantive sections plus Schedule","17 defined terms in section 2, with additional definitions scattered through sections 12A, 15, 16, and 17","Extensive amendment history – 30+ amending acts since 1895, creating layered text with historical references (e.g., 'Land Act 1933' references preserved via interpretation rules)","Cross-references to at least 12 other Acts including Land Administration Act 1997, Road Traffic Acts, Financial Management Act 2006, and Public Sector Management Act 1994","Conditional logic in by-law making powers (section 8) with 21 specific subject areas and penalty limitations","Nested exceptions in parental liability (section 12A – defence available only if parent shows they exercised due care)","Evidentiary presumptions in sections 7C, 12B, and 14 that reverse normal burdens of proof","Dual pathways for Board status – some Boards are simple committees, others are bodies corporate with perpetual succession (section 3)","Detailed dissolution mechanics (sections 15-17) with staff transfer protections and tax exemptions","Inconsistency clauses determining which Act prevails when conflicts arise (section 7(3))"],"plain_english_summary":"This is a Western Australian law from 1895 that sets up a system for managing public parks and reserves. Here's what it does:\n\n**Who it affects:**\n- **Boards** – groups appointed by the Governor to run specific parks or reserves\n- **Rangers and staff** – employees who enforce rules in parks\n- **Visitors** – anyone using public parks, gardens, or recreational areas\n- **Local communities** – people who benefit from maintained public spaces\n\n**What it does:**\n- Allows the Governor to appoint **Boards** (management committees) to control Crown land reserved for public use\n- Gives Boards power to:\n  - Build fences, paths, gardens, and facilities\n  - Make **by-laws** (local rules) about behaviour, opening hours, vehicle use, and fees\n  - Appoint **rangers** to enforce these rules\n  - Issue **infringement notices** (on-the-spot fines) for rule-breaking\n  - Grant licences for grazing animals or removing materials like sand or wood (with Minister approval)\n\n**Key powers:**\n- **Authorised persons** (police, Board members, rangers) can:\n  - Remove vehicles or animals from land\n  - Search vehicles and temporary shelters\n  - Use speed measuring equipment to catch speeding vehicles\n  - Demand identification from vehicle owners\n- **Parental liability:** Parents can be held financially responsible for damage caused by their children under 18\n- **Animal ownership:** If an animal habitually appears to belong to someone, that person is presumed to be the owner unless they prove otherwise\n\n**Why it matters:**\nThis law ensures Western Australia's public parks, gardens, and recreational reserves are properly maintained and safe for everyone. It balances public access with conservation by giving local Boards flexible powers to make rules suited to their specific parks, while protecting staff from personal legal liability when acting in good faith.\n\n**Modern updates:**\nThe Act has been significantly updated over 129 years to include modern features like corporate structures for Boards, detailed dissolution procedures, tax exemptions when Boards wind up, and alignment with contemporary financial management and road traffic laws."},"summary":{"complexity_score":1,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Scope cannot be assessed — the legislative text was not retrievable. The page has been removed from the Western Australian legislation website, possibly due to the Act being repealed, consolidated, or relocated as part of a system upgrade."},"complexity_factors":["No legislative text was available for analysis — the source URL returned an error page rather than legislation","Complexity cannot be meaningfully assessed without actual content","Score of 1 reflects absence of data, not simplicity of the underlying law"],"plain_english_summary":"The Parks and Reserves Act 1895 (WA) — text currently unavailable — appears to be an old Western Australian law governing the creation and management of public parks and reserves. It would primarily affect government land managers, local communities and land users, and matters of public access and conservation; it may have since been repealed or consolidated into more recent land‑management statutes."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/parks-and-reserves-act-1895","history":"/api/acts/parks-and-reserves-act-1895/history","analysis":"/api/acts/parks-and-reserves-act-1895/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/parks-and-reserves-act-1895/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/parks-and-reserves-act-1895/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/parks-and-reserves-act-1895/documents"}}