{"id":"outback-communities-administration-and-management-regulations-2025","name":"Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Regulations 2025","slug":"outback-communities-administration-and-management-regulations-2025","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"sa","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":236237,"registerId":"sa-outback-communities-administration-and-management-regulations-2025-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-06","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Regulations 2025","content":"South Australia\nOutback Communities (Administration and Management) Regulations 2025\nunder the Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Act 2009\n\nContents\nPart 1—Preliminary\n1\tShort title\n2\tCommencement\n3\tInterpretation\nPart 2—Definition of outback\n4\tDefinition of outback (section 3 of Act)\nPart 3—Application of Local Government Act to outback\n5\tRates on land—asset sustainability levies and community contributions (section 21(6)(g) of Act)\n6\tAnti-pollution measures (section 22(d) of Act)\n7\tAnti-nuisance measures (section 23(e) of Act)\n8\tAuthorised persons (section 24(2)(c) of Act)\n9\tService of documents\nSchedule 1—Repeal of Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Regulations 2010\nLegislative history\n\nPart 1—Preliminary\n1—Short title\nThese regulations may be cited as the Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Regulations 2025.\n2—Commencement\nThese regulations will come into operation on 1 September 2025.\n3—Interpretation\nIn these regulations—\nAct means the Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Act 2009.\nPart 2—Definition of outback\n4—Definition of outback (section 3 of Act)\nThe following areas are declared not to be part of the outback:\n\t(a)\tYalata Reserve, being the following Sections:\nSections 11 and Sections 24 to 30 (inclusive), Hundred of Bice\nSection 43, Hundred of Caldwell\nSections 14 and 23 to 35 (inclusive), Hundred of Lucy\nSections 2, 5 and 9 to 13 (inclusive) Hundred of May\nSections 17, 18, 23, 24 and 35 to 37 (inclusive), Hundred of Sturdee\nSections 3, 4, 6 and 8 to13 (inclusive), Hundred of Trunch\nSection 728 Out of Hundreds (Nullarbor);\n\t(b)\tthe Gerard Community area, being Sections 72, 80, 83 and 84, Hundred of Katarapko;\n\t(c)\tthe Nepabunna, Iga Warta and Nantawarrina areas, being Sections 439 and 488, Out of Hundreds (Copley) and Block 1219, Out of Hundreds (Copley);\n\t(d)\tthe following islands:\nAlthorpe Islands, Out of Hundreds (Kingscote)\nBall Island, Hundred of Moorook\nBeatrice Islet, Hundred of Menzies\nBikini Islets, Out of Hundreds (Maitland)\nBird Island, Out of Hundreds (Whyalla)\nBlack Rocks, Out of Hundreds (Lincoln)\nBoat Creek Island, Out of Hundreds (Chowilla)\nBoston Island, Hundred of Lincoln\nBulyong Island, Out of Hundreds (Renmark)\nBusby Islet, Out of Hundreds (Kingscote)\nCap Island, Out of Hundreds (Kimba)\nChain Islet, Out of Hundreds (Kingscote)\nChowilla Island, Out of Hundreds (Chowilla)\nCowrie Island, Out of Hundreds (Penola)\nCumlell Island, Out of Hundreds (Renmark)\nDog Island, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nDorothee Island, Out of Hundreds (Elliston)\nEgg Island, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nErna Island, Out of Hundreds (Torrens)\nEvans Island, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nEyre Island, Out of Hundreds (Streaky Bay)\nFenelon Island, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nFlinders Island, Out of Hundreds (Elliston)\nForbys Island, Hundred of Pyap\nFour Hummocks, Out of Hundreds (Lincoln)\nFranklin Islands, Out of Hundreds (Streaky Bay)\nFreeling Island, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nGambier Islands, Out of Hundreds (Neptune)\nGarden Island, Hundred of Port Adelaide\nGoat Island, Out of Hundreds (Streaky Bay)\nGoat Island, Out of Hundreds (Penola)\nGoat Island, Hundred of Paringa\nGoose Island, Out of Hundreds (Maitland)\nGrand Junction Island, Out of Hundreds (Chowilla)\nGrantham Island, Hundred of Lincoln\nGreen Island, Out of Hundreds (Maitland)\nGreenly Island, Out of Hundreds (Greenly)\nHart Island, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nHaystack Island, Out of Hundreds (Kingscote)\nHunchee Island, Out of Hundreds (Renmark)\nHypurna Island, Out of Hundreds (Renmark)\nInvestigator Group, Out of Hundreds (Elliston)\nIsle of Man, Out of Hundreds (Chowilla)\nIsles of St Francis, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nKylie Island, Out of Hundreds (Renmark)\nLacy Islands, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nLipson Island, Out of Hundreds (Lincoln)\nLittle Eyre Island, Out of Hundreds (Streaky Bay)\nLittle Goose Island, Out of Hundreds (Maitland)\nLittle Hunchee Island, Out of Hundreds (Renmark)\nLongwang Island, Out of Hundreds (Renmark)\nLound Island, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nLouth Island, Hundred of Louth\nMasillon Island, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nMedia Island, Hundred of Gordon\nMiddle Island, Out of Hundreds (Kingscote)\nMonoman Island, Out of Hundreds (Chowilla)\nMystery Island, Hundred of Crozier\nNelbuck Island, Out of Hundreds (Renmark)\nNeptune Islands, Out of Hundreds (Neptune)\nNewena Island, Out of Hundreds (Chowilla)\nNobby Island, Out of Hundreds (Kingscote)\nNorth Neptune Islands, Out of Hundreds (Neptune)\nNorth Page, Out of Hundreds (Barker)\nNynes Island, Hundred of Loveday\nPearson Isles, Out of Hundreds (Elliston)\nPenguin Island, Out of Hundreds (Penola)\nPerforated Island, Out of Hundreds (Lincoln)\nPigface Island, Out of Hundreds (Streaky Bay)\nPunkah Island, Out of Hundreds (Chowilla)\nPurdie Islands, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nRabbit Island, Out of Hundreds (Lincoln)\nReevesby Island, Out of Hundreds (Lincoln)\nReny Island, Out of Hundreds (Renmark)\nRocky Island, Out of Hundreds (Maitland)\nRoyston Island, Out of Hundreds (Kingscote)\nSeal Island, Out of Hundreds (Kingscote)\nShag Island, Out of Hundreds (Whyalla)\nSinclair Island, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nSir Joseph Banks Group, Out of Hundreds (Lincoln)\nSlaney Island, Out of Hundreds (Chowilla)\nSmooth Island, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nSouth Neptune Islands, Out of Hundreds (Neptune)\nSouth Page, Out of Hundreds (Barker)\nSpilsby Island, Out of Hundreds (Lincoln)\nSt Francis Island, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nSt Peter Island, Out of Hundreds (Streaky Bay)\nThe Brothers, Out of Hundreds (Lincoln)\nThe Four Hummocks, Out of Hundreds (Lincoln)\nThe Monuments, Out of Hundreds (Kingscote)\nThe Pages, Out of Hundreds (Barker)\nThistle Island, Out of Hundreds (Lincoln)\nThurk Island, Hundred of Moorook\nTorrens Island, Hundred of Port Adelaide\nTumby Island, Out of Hundreds (Lincoln)\nVeteran Isles, Out of Hundreds (Elliston)\nWaldegrave Islands, Out of Hundreds (Elliston)\nWard Islands, Out of Hundreds (Elliston)\nWardang Island/Waraldi, Out of Hundreds (Maitland)\nWedge Island, Out of Hundreds (Neptune)\nWest Island, Out of Hundreds (Elliston)\nWest Island, Out of Hundreds (Nuyts)\nWestern Isles, Out of Hundreds (Kingscote)\nWhidbey Isles, Out of Hundreds (Lincoln)\nWilperna Island, Out of Hundreds (Chowilla)\nWilperna Island, Out of Hundreds (Renmark)\nPart 3—Application of Local Government Act to outback\n5—Rates on land—asset sustainability levies and community contributions (section 21(6)(g) of Act)\nChapter 10 Part 1 of the Local Government Act 1999 applies as if it formed part of Part 3 of the Act subject to the following modifications (in addition to the modifications set out in section 21(6)(a) to (f) of the Act):\n\t(a)\theading to Chapter 10—delete \"and charges\"\n\t(b)\theading to Part 1—delete \"and charges\"\n\t(c)\tbefore section 146 insert:\n145A—References to Minister\nIn this Part—\nMinister means the Minister responsible for the administration of the Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Act 2009.\n\t(d)\tsection 146—delete \"and charges\"\n\t(e)\tsection 146(c) and (d)—delete paragraphs (c) and (d)\n\t(f)\tsection 147(2)(e)—delete \"within the area of the District Council of Coober Pedy\"\n\t(g)\tsection 147(2)(g)—delete paragraph (g)\n\t(h)\tsection 147(2)(h)—delete paragraph (h)\n\t(i)\tsection 147(3) to (6) (inclusive)—delete subsections (3) to (6)\n\t(j)\tsection 151(1) to (4) (inclusive)—delete subsections (1) to (4)\n\t(k)\tsection 151(5)(b)—delete paragraph (b)\n\t(l)\tsection 151(5)(c)—delete \", service rate or service charge\"\n\t(m)\tsection 151(6)(b)—delete paragraph (b)\n\t(n)\tsection 151(10) and (11)—delete subsections (10) and (11)\n\t(o)\theading to Chapter 10 Part 1 Division 3—delete \"and charges\"\n\t(p)\tsection 152(1)—delete subsection (1)\n\t(q)\tsection 152(2)—delete \"under subsection (1)(c)\" and substitute:\ncomprising an asset sustainability levy\n\t(r)\tsection 152(2)(a)—delete \"in the area\"\n\t(s)\tsection 152(2)(d)—delete \"within the area of the council\"\n\t(t)\tsection 153(2)—delete subsection (2)\n\t(u)\tsection 153(3) and (4)—delete subsections (3) and (4)\n\t(v)\tsection 154(1) and (2)—delete subsections (1) and (2)\n\t(w)\tsection 155—delete the section\n\t(x)\tsection 156(1)(d)—delete paragraph (d) and substitute:\n\t(c)\taccording to any other factor (but not one based on a valuation of the land),\nas approved by the Minister.\n\t(y)\tsection 156(2)—delete subsection (2)\n\t(z)\tsection 156(14a)—delete \"either paragraph (a), (b) or (c)\" and substitute:\na paragraph\n\t(za)\tsection 156(14b)(b)—delete paragraph (b)\n\t(zb)\tsection 158—delete the section\n\t(zc)\tsection 159(6)—delete \"in its area\"\n\t(zd)\tsection 166(1)—delete \"or service charges\"\n\t(ze)\tsection 166(1)(l)(i)—delete \"council's\"\n\t(zf)\tsection 166(1)(l)(ii)—delete subparagraph (ii)\n\t(zg)\tsection 166(1)(n)—delete paragraph (n)\n\t(zh)\tsection 166(1a)(a)—delete \"council\"\n\t(zi)\tsection 166(2), (3) and (3a)—delete \"or charges\" wherever occurring\n\t(zj)\tsection 166(4)—delete \"or service charge\"\n\t(zk)\tDivision 6—delete the Division\n\t(zl)\tsection 170—delete \"or service charge\"\n\t(zm)\tsection 172(1)(a)(i)—delete \"in the area\"\n\t(zn)\tsection 172(1)(a)(ii)—delete subparagraph (ii)\n\t(zo)\tsection 172(1)(b)—delete paragraph (b)\n\t(zp)\tsection 175(1)—delete \"the council for the area within which the land is situated\" and substitute:\nthe Authority\n\t(zq)\theading to Division 9—delete \"and charges\"\n\t(zr)\tsection 176—delete the section\n\t(zs)\tsection 177(2) and (3)—delete subsections (2) and (3)\n\t(zt)\tsection 179(2) and (3)—delete subsections (2) and (3)\n\t(zu)\tsection 180(1)(b)—delete paragraph (b)\n\t(zv)\tsection 180(1)—delete \"or, in the case of a service charge, the owner or occupier of the relevant land,\"\n\t(zw)\tsection 180(2)—delete subsection (2)\n\t(zx)\tsection 181(13)—delete \"or service rates\"\n\t(zy)\tsection 182(3)(b)—delete paragraph (b)\n\t(zz)\tsection 184(18)—delete subsection (18)\n\t(zza)\tsection 185(1)—delete \"current valuation of land under this Part\" and substitute:\ncapital value of the land\n\t(zzb)\tsection 186(1)(a)—delete paragraph (a)\n\t(zzc)\tsection 186(2)—delete \", review\" twice occurring\n\t(zzd)\tsection 186(2)—delete \"of a valuation or\"\n\t(zze)\tsection 186(2)(b)—delete \"valuation or\"\n\t(zzf)\tsection 187—delete \"or charges\" wherever occurring\n\t(zzg)\tsection 187—delete \"and charges\" wherever occurring\n\t(zzh)\tsection 187(3)(e)—delete \"under this Act\" and substitute:\nby the Authority\n\t(zzi)\tsection 187A(1)—delete \"1 or more councils\" and substitute:\nthe Authority\n\t(zzj)\tsection 187A(4)—delete \"or councils\"\n\t(zzk)\tsection 187A(5)(b)—delete paragraph (b) and substitute:\n\t(b)\tthe Authority,\n\t(zzl)\tsection 187B(1)—delete \"or service charge\"\n\t(zzm)\tsection 187B(7)—delete \"or service charge\"\n6—Anti-pollution measures (section 22(d) of Act)\nChapter 11 Part 3 of the Local Government Act 1999 applies as if it formed part of Part 3 of the Act subject to the following modifications (in addition to the modifications set out in section 22(a) to (c) of the Act):\n\t(a)\tsection 236(1)—after \"public place\" insert:\nin the outback\n\t(b)\tsection 237(1)—after \"place\" first occurring insert:\nin the outback\n7—Anti-nuisance measures (section 23(e) of Act)\nChapter 12 Part 2 of the Local Government Act 1999 applies as if it formed part of Part 3 of the Act subject to the following modifications (in addition to the modifications set out in section 23(a) to (d) of the Act):\n\t(a)\tsection 254—after \"doing\" insert:\n, in the outback,\n\t(b)\tsection 256(1)—delete \"Act\" and substitute:\nsection\n\t(c)\tsection 257(1)—delete \"application for review\" and substitute:\nappeal\n\t(d)\tsection 257(1)—delete \"review\" second and third occurring and substitute in each case:\nappeal\n\t(e)\tsection 257(5)(b)—delete \"Schedule 6\" and substitute:\nSchedule 6 of the Local Government Act 1999 as if it were a council\n8—Authorised persons (section 24(2)(c) of Act)\nChapter 12 Part 3 of the Local Government Act 1999 applies as if it formed part of Part 3 of the Act subject to the following modifications (in addition to the modifications set out in section 24(2)(a) and (b) of the Act):\n\t(a)\tsection 260(6) and (7)—delete subsections (6) and (7)\n\t(b)\tsection 261(1)—delete \"or a by-law under this Act\" wherever occurring\n\t(c)\tsection 262(1)—delete \"or a by-law under this Act\"\n9—Service of documents\nThe provisions of the Local Government Act 1999 that apply as if they formed part of Part 3 of the Act are further modified as necessary so that service of documents required or authorised to be served or given under those provisions is to be in accordance with sections 279 and 280 of the Local Government Act 1999 subject to the modification that a reference to a council in those sections is to be read as a reference to the Authority.\nSchedule 1—Repeal of Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Regulations 2010\nThe Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Regulations 2010 are repealed.\nLegislative history\nNotes\n\t•\tFor further information relating to the Act and subordinate legislation made under the Act see the Index of South Australian Statutes or www.legislation.sa.gov.au.\nPrincipal regulations\nYear\nNo\nReference\nCommencement\n2025\n77\nGazette 31.7.2025 p2910 \n1.9.2025: r 2\n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The legislation remains tightly focused on its original purpose: adapting local government laws for outback administration. The exclusions of specific Aboriginal lands and islands represent boundary refinements rather than scope expansion. The rating modifications stay within the revenue-raising function. No new policy areas are introduced beyond the original Act's framework."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive cross-referencing: The regulation modifies the Local Government Act 1999 (SA) through 52 separate modification clauses in Part 3 alone, requiring readers to hold two statutes in mind simultaneously","Nested modification structure: Modifications are layered — some apply 'in addition to' modifications in the parent Act (sections 21(6)(a)-(f), 22(a)-(c), etc.), creating a three-level hierarchy of changes","Geographic technicality: The outback definition relies on 19th-century land division terminology ('Hundreds', 'Sections', 'Out of Hundreds') requiring specialised cadastral knowledge to interpret","Fragmented amendment style: Individual words and phrases are deleted and substituted throughout (e.g., 'delete \"and charges\"', 'delete subsection (2)'), making it nearly impossible to reconstruct the final text without compiling all changes","Conditional application: Multiple provisions apply 'as if they formed part of Part 3 of the Act subject to modifications', creating hypothetical legal constructs","Defined terms: While only one term ('Act') is defined in the regulation itself, the modification clauses rely on dozens of undefined references to sections of the Local Government Act"],"plain_english_summary":"This is a South Australian regulation that updates how local government laws apply to the state's remote \"outback\" areas — the vast regions outside formal council boundaries managed by the Outback Communities Authority.\n\n**What it does:**\n\n* **Redraws the map:** It formally excludes specific Aboriginal lands (Yalata Reserve, Gerard Community, Nepabunna/Iga Warta/Nantawarrina) and about 90 islands from the definition of \"outback.\" These areas will no longer fall under the Outback Communities Authority's jurisdiction.\n* **Rewrites the rates system:** It heavily modifies how the Local Government Act's rating (property tax) rules apply to outback land. The changes strip out references to \"service charges\" and \"councils,\" replacing them with \"asset sustainability levies\" and \"community contributions\" collected by the Authority instead of a traditional council. Many complex valuation and objection procedures are deleted or simplified.\n* **Brings in environmental and nuisance laws:** It applies the Local Government Act's anti-pollution and anti-nuisance rules to the outback, with tweaks so they make sense for a non-council area.\n* **Updates enforcement powers:** It adapts the Act's authorised officer powers for the outback context, removing references to council by-laws.\n* **Fixes paperwork:** It ensures documents can be properly served on people in the outback by treating the Authority like a council for service purposes.\n* **Cleans house:** It repeals the old 2010 regulations entirely.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n\n* Landowners and residents in South Australia's outback communities\n* The Outback Communities Authority (the government body that manages these areas)\n* Aboriginal communities whose lands are being excluded from the outback definition\n* People with interests on the listed islands\n\n**Why it matters:**\n\nThis is essentially a technical renovation. South Australia doesn't have local councils covering its vast desert and remote regions, so this regulation patches the Local Government Act to work in this unique context. The exclusion of Aboriginal lands and islands likely reflects either land rights determinations, nature conservation status, or practical reality that these areas were never truly managed by the Authority anyway. The rating changes appear designed to create a simpler, more appropriate revenue system for sparse populations without traditional council services."},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"These regulations replace the 2010 regulations and change the operational scope of the Act by (a) excluding specified areas from the statutory ‘outback’ (reg 4), (b) importing parts of the Local Government Act 1999 but with extensive modifications that reframe rate mechanisms and enforcement powers to use asset sustainability levies and Minister/Authority control (reg 5 and regs 6–8), and (c) altering service/appeal processes to refer to the Authority (reg 9 and Schedule 1). These are substantive scope and governance changes requiring affected parties to adapt to new decision‑makers and charging rules."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive cross‑referencing to and selective modification of the Local Government Act 1999 (multiple deletions/substitutions) (see regs 5–8)","Long, detailed geographic exclusions that redefine the statutory ‘outback’ (reg 4) increasing mapping and implementation work","Transfer of roles and terminology from councils to the Authority/Minister (multiple substitutions e.g. regs 5(zp), 5(zzh), 9)","Changes to rates charging basis (asset sustainability levy, capital value reference) and removal of standard charge mechanisms (reg 5, various amendments to Chapter 10 provisions)","Multiple small textual edits spread across many provisions create interpretive risk and increase legal drafting complexity","Administrative and compliance burdens on the Authority and affected landowners due to customised procedures for service, enforcement and appeals (regs 6–9)","Repeal of prior 2010 regulations requires transitional/administrative updating (Schedule 1)"],"plain_english_summary":"These regulations update how the Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Act works: they list specific areas that are not “outback”, repeal the 2010 regulations, and apply selected parts of the Local Government Act 1999 to outback areas with many targeted modifications. Mechanically this sets how rates (asset sustainability levies and community contributions), anti‑pollution and anti‑nuisance powers, authorised officers and document service rules operate in the outback. The changes shift some decision‑making and billing authority from councils to the Authority and the Minister, affecting who charges, enforces and bears compliance costs."},"summary":{"complexity_score":1,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Scope cannot be assessed as the legislative text was not available. The submission contained only a 'Page Not Found' error from the SA legislation website, likely due to a broken or outdated hyperlink following a website update on 24 March 2026."},"complexity_factors":["No actual legislative text was provided — the submitted content is a website error page, not legislation","Complexity cannot be meaningfully assessed without the substantive text of the regulations","Score of 1 reflects the simplicity of what was actually analysed (an error page), not the underlying legislation"],"plain_english_summary":"The linked document is a “Page Not Found” from the South Australian legislation site, so the actual text of the Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Regulations 2025 could not be retrieved or analysed. \n\nBased on the title only, the regulations would likely concern how remote outback communities are governed and managed — affecting residents, local administrators and service providers — but no substantive detail can be confirmed without the statute."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/outback-communities-administration-and-management-regulations-2025","history":"/api/acts/outback-communities-administration-and-management-regulations-2025/history","analysis":"/api/acts/outback-communities-administration-and-management-regulations-2025/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/outback-communities-administration-and-management-regulations-2025/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/outback-communities-administration-and-management-regulations-2025/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/outback-communities-administration-and-management-regulations-2025/documents"}}