{"id":"F2021L00219","name":"Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Management Plan 2020","slug":"norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2020","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":101332,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2021L00219-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Norfolk Island National Park and","sectionType":"part","heading":"Norfolk Island National Park and","content":"# ![](image.013.jpeg)![](image.012.jpeg)Norfolk Island National Park and\n\nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nManagement Plan 2020","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"Acknowledgments","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Acknowledgments","content":"#### Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to the preparation of this management plan.","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"Objectives","sectionType":"division","heading":"Objectives","content":"### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n    • To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n    • To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n    • To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices and contemporary management approaches.\n\nThe values of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on page 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, prescriptions and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions and actions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"Contents","sectionType":"division","heading":"Contents","content":"### Contents\n\n![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)Foreword i\n\n![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)Acknowledgments i Vision iii Objectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and\n\nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)Territory of Norfolk Island 3 Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3 Statement of Significance 4 The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and\n\nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n    Introductory provisions\n\n        ![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png) Short title 8\n        ![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png) Commencement and termination 8\n        ![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png) IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n![](image.017.png)  \n\n2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n    ![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n    ![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n    ![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n    ![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n    ![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n    ![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n    ![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)2.7 Climate Change 26\n    ![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n    ![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n    ![](image.016.png)![](image.016.png)2.10 Forestry Area 30","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"A description of Norfolk Island National","sectionType":"part","heading":"A description of Norfolk Island National Park","content":"# A description of Norfolk Island National Park\n\nand Norfolk Island Botanic Garden","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"Breathtaking scenery, dramatic landscape","sectionType":"section","heading":"Breathtaking scenery, dramatic landscapes and a unique diversity of plant and animal life","content":"![](image.021.png)![](image.020.png)\n\n# A description of Norfolk Island National Park\n\nand Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n##### Breathtaking scenery, dramatic landscapes and a unique diversity of plant and animal life","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"Statement of Significance","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Statement of Significance","content":"#### Statement of Significance\n\nSet in the south-west Pacific, Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden provide a link between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments. Norfolk’s remote location, coupled with Norfolk Island’s colonisation by plants and animals dispersed over vast distances of ocean, means the park and botanic garden have unique vegetation assemblages with many endemic species. The park contains historic sites and artefacts that illustrate the social development of the island and its people since early settlement. The park contains sites that support ongoing traditional and cultural practices undertaken by the local community.","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"The values of the park and botanic garde","sectionType":"section","heading":"The values of the park and botanic garden","content":"###### The values of the park and botanic garden\n\nIdentification and recognition of the park and botanic garden’s values ensures a shared understanding about what is most important about the reserves, and the statement\n\nof significance helps to focus management and planning. If the values are allowed to decline the park and botanic garden’s purpose and significance as protected areas would be jeopardised.\n\nNatural values\n\nThe park and botanic garden protect most of the remaining areas of subtropical rainforest that originally covered Norfolk Island prior to settlement. This includes areas of remnant lower altitude rainforest that are characteristically dominated by vines.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide principal, sole or partial habitat for listed threatened species, including four threatened species of forest-dwelling birds and two threatened species of seabird, five critically endangered snail species and 46 threatened plant species. The park also provides secure nesting habitat for at least 15 species of seabirds.\n\nThe park and the living collection in the botanic garden provide rich sources of horticultural, botanical and biological information about the native species of Norfolk Island.\n\nPhillip Island, although long devoid of its original vegetation, is an important seabird nesting site and a refuge for several threatened species lost from Norfolk Island itself.\n\nThe gradual recovery of vegetation on Phillip Island, following the eradication of feral rabbits in 1986, is a unique example of nature’s capacity to restore balance to ecosystems under severe stress.\n\nHeritage values\n\nThe park and botanic garden protect significant heritage sites associated with the defence of Norfolk Island during World War II, including the remains of a gun\n\nemplacement and radar facility near the top of Mount Bates. Scattered throughout the park are less obvious relics of the military and colonial past, including additional gun emplacements, colonial brick clamps and other sites of heritage significance.\n\nPhillip Island is a listed place on the Commonwealth Heritage List recognising that it provides a nesting habitat for seabirds, habitat for flora and fauna once considered to be extinct on nearby Norfolk Island and for its dramatic aesthetic landscape.","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"Management plan for","sectionType":"part","heading":"Management plan for","content":"# Management plan for\n\nNorfolk Island National Park\n\nand Norfolk Island Botanic Garden","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"Conservation and appreciation of Norfolk","sectionType":"section","heading":"Conservation and appreciation of Norfolk Island’s natural and cultural heritage through the control of invasive species, provision of safe visitor access, and working with stakeholders and the community.","content":"![](image.044.png)![](image.043.png)\n\n# Management plan for\n\nNorfolk Island National Park\n\nand Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n##### Conservation and appreciation of Norfolk Island’s natural and cultural heritage through the control of invasive species, provision of safe visitor access, and working with stakeholders and the community.","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"1.1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Short title","content":"###### 1.1 Short title\n\nThis management plan may be cited as the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Management Plan 2020.","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"1.2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commencement and termination","content":"###### 1.2 Commencement and termination\n\nThis management plan will come into operation following approval by the Minister under\n\ns.370 of the EPBC Act, on a date specified by the Minister or the day after it is registered under the Legislation Act 2003, whichever is later, and will cease to have effect ten years after commencement, unless revoked sooner by a new plan.","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"1.3","sectionType":"section","heading":"IUCN category and zoning","content":"###### 1.3 IUCN category and zoning\n\nOur aim\n\n    .1 The park and botanic garden are managed in accordance with an IUCN protected area category and relevant management principles to protect their values while providing for\n\nappropriate use\n\nBackground\n\nUnder s.367(1) of the EPBC Act, a management plan for a Commonwealth reserve must assign the reserve to an IUCN protected area category. A management plan can also divide a Commonwealth reserve into zones, but must assign each zone to an IUCN category which may differ from the overall category assigned to the reserve. The EPBC Regulations (Schedule 8) prescribe the management principles for each IUCN category.\n\nThe provisions of a management plan must not be inconsistent with the management principles for the IUCN category to which the reserve or zone of the reserve is assigned (s.367(3)).\n\nThe categories to which the park and botanic garden are assigned are guided by the purposes for which they were declared.\n\nThe purposes for which Norfolk Island National Park was declared as a Commonwealth reserve are:\n\n    (a) the preservation of the area in its natural condition; and\n    (b) the encouragement and regulation of the appropriate use, appreciation and enjoyment of the area by the public.\n\nThe Norfolk Islands Botanic Gardens was declared for the purpose of increasing knowledge, appreciation and enjoyment of Australia’s plant heritage by establishing, as an integrated resource, a collection of living and herbarium specimens of Australian and related plants for study, interpretation, conservation and display.\n\nThe purposes for which the park was declared are consistent with the characteristics for IUCN protected area category II, national park. The purpose for which the botanic garden was declared is consistent with the characteristics for IUCN protected area category IV, habitat/species management area.","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"Resilient places and ecosystems","sectionType":"part","heading":"Resilient places and ecosystems","content":"# Resilient places and ecosystems","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"Protecting and conserving the natural an","sectionType":"section","heading":"Protecting and conserving the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden","content":"##### Protecting and conserving the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n\nObjective:  To protect and conserve the natural and cultural\n\nvalues of the park and botanic garden\n\nDesired outcomes:  Natural and cultural values of the park and botanic\n\ngarden are protected and conserved Performance indicators:  Populations of threatened species are increasing\n\n     Populations and extent of invasive species are reduced\n     Ecosystem health is maintained or improved\n    ![](image.053.png) Historic sites in the park and botanic garden are protected and conserved","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"2.1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Native plants and animals","content":"###### 2.1 Native plants and animals\n\nOur aim\n\nMaintain or improve the distribution and abundance of species native to Norfolk Island, ensuring healthy ecosystems and the processes upon which they depend.\n\nBackground\n\nGiven the small size of the park and botanic garden and the distribution of many species beyond the park and botanic garden boundaries, achieving our aim depends on both on- and off-park actions. Therefore cooperation with the Norfolk Island Regional Council and the local community is vital.","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"2.2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Cultural heritage management","content":"###### 2.2 Cultural heritage management\n\nOur aim\n\nIdentify, protect, conserve and interpret to the public the cultural heritage values of the park and botanic garden.","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"2.3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Botanic garden and herbarium collection","content":"###### 2.3 Botanic garden and herbarium collection\n\nOur aims\n\n    • Establish and maintain a living and herbarium collection representative of Norfolk Island’s vascular flora with an emphasis on providing educational, interpretative and tourism experiences for visitors.\n    • Contribute to the conservation of threatened plant species through the establishment and maintenance of healthy ex-situ plantings and seed collections.\n\nBackground\n\nThe botanic garden, which covers an area of 5.5 hectares and is adjacent to the park, is located on Mission Road near the Mount Pitt Road entrance to the park.\n\nUnder Section 3.1 – IUCN category and zoning, the botanic garden has been assigned IUCN protected area management category IV, habitat/species management area, to be managed in accordance with the management principles set down in Schedule 8 of the EPBC Regulations.\n\nThe botanic garden fulfils varied functions as set out in the aims. The living collection, display and the herbarium collection are valuable resources for the provision of horticultural and botanical information.\n\nIts infrastructure, including the Discovery Centre, the living collection, and the walking tracks, provide a comprehensive picture of the park and botanic garden for education, interpretation and tourism-related activities. A boardwalk provides wheelchair access to the top of the botanic garden. The winding tracks and dense vegetation of the botanic garden provide an opportunity for visitors to experience the sensation of being in an ancient jungle.\n\nIssues\n\n    • Public paths and infrastructure needs to be monitored and maintained to ensure visitor safety.\n    • The botanic garden’s infrastructure must continue to provide for education, interpretation and tourism-related activities.\n\nPrescriptions\n\n    2.3.1 The botanic garden will continue to place a strong focus on education, interpretation and tourism-related activities.\n    2.3.2 As a priority, the remnant lowland subtropical hardwood forest will be maintained.\n    2.3.3 The Director may take actions or authorise (whether by permit, contract, lease, letter or licence) actions by other persons concerning species, including species listed under Part 13 of the EPBC Act, that are otherwise prohibited by the EPBC Act or Regulations for the purpose of managing the botanic garden’s living collection and herbarium collection or where they are necessary to implement this plan.\n    2.3.4 The living and herbarium collections will give priority to plants native to Norfolk Island with an emphasis on EPBC Act listed species.","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"2.4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Research and monitoring","content":"###### 2.4 Research and monitoring\n\nOur aim\n\nResearch and monitoring activities in the park and botanic garden contribute to improved conservation and management of park and botanic garden values.\n\nBackground\n\nResearch provides information about park and botanic garden values, visitor use and impact. Monitoring is an essential management tool for keeping track of changes to the environment and for measuring the success of management actions.\n\nResearch and monitoring assist the Director to make decisions about management of the park and botanic garden. This work may be carried out by staff or consultants engaged by the Director or undertaken in partnership with other government agencies, universities, non-government organisations and individuals.\n\nIn some cases, organisations and individuals carry out research and monitoring activities for their own purposes for either not-for-profit or commercial purposes.\n\nEPBC legislative provisions relevant to research and monitoring\n\nUnder r.12.10 of the EPBC Regulations research may not be undertaken in the park unless it is provided for by, and carried out in accordance with, this plan, or is authorised by a permit. Research which involves taking, keeping, injuring, killing or moving native species, or is undertaken for commercial purposes, is prohibited by ss.354 and 354A of the Act except where undertaken in accordance with this plan.\n\nResearch which involves actions that affect members of species that are protected under Part 13 of the EPBC Act (i.e. listed threatened species, ecological communities, migratory species, marine species, or cetaceans) must also comply with the provisions of Part 13\n\nof the Act unless done in accordance with this plan. Any research must also address the relevant EPBC Act requirements relating to listed heritage places including places on the Commonwealth Heritage List.","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"2.5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Community use of natural resources","content":"###### 2.5 Community use of natural resources\n\nOur aim\n\nAllow non-commercial harvesting of resources by the Norfolk Island community while ensuring the protection and conservation of the park and botanic garden’s natural values.\n\nBackground\n\nNatural resources such as knots from the Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla) and the leaves of the Norfolk Island palm (Rhopalostylis baueri), ti (Cordyline obtecta), and flax (Phormium tenax) are used by the Norfolk Island community for craft, cultural and other purposes.\n\nFresh fruit is a limited and valued resource primarily available seasonally on the island. Island residents use the park as a source of fruit such as guava (Psidium cattleianum cattleianum) and lemon (Citrus jambhiri). There are no restrictions on people collecting guava or lemons from the park.\n\nHistorically, the eggs of the sooty tern (Onychoprion fuscata) have been harvested as a food resource from Phillip Island. This practice still continues during a declared harvest period. While the sooty tern is not endangered worldwide, the annual harvest may be affecting the Phillip Island population. The sooty tern is a listed marine species under Part 13 of the EPBC Act and the collection of sooty tern eggs is prohibited under Part 13 unless an exemption under that Part applies.\n\nApart from the number of eggs taken, studies indicate that the effect of sooty tern egg harvesting on the overall population is linked to both the timing of the harvest and its duration. Since 1977, a set season for sooty tern egg harvesting has been implemented. The recent arrival and increase in numbers of Australasian Swamphen (Porphyrio melanotus–locally known as tarler birds) on Phillip Island has also impacted on the breeding of sooty terns on Phillip Island.\n\nUnder ss.354 and 354A of the EPBC Act, native species may only be taken in the park and botanic garden in accordance with this plan.\n\nIssues\n\n    • Community use of natural resources needs to be carried out in an environmentally sustainable way.\n    • Community participation is necessary in determining appropriate use, and level of use, of traditional resources.\n\nPrescriptions\n\n    2.5.1 Non-commercial taking of guava and lemons from the park is allowed.\n    2.5.2 Non-commercial taking of other non-native and native plant material may only be carried on in accordance with a permit or agreement issued by the Director.\n    2.5.3 Sooty tern eggs must not be taken from the park or botanic garden, other than from Phillip Island:\n    (a) during an open season declared under legislation applicable to Norfolk","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"2.6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens","content":"###### 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens\n\nOur aim\n\nEffective management of threats to the values of the park and botanic garden.","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"2.7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Climate change","content":"###### 2.7 Climate change\n\nOur aim\n\nClimate change impacts on park and botanic garden values are better understood and management actions and planning are adapted to take account of the latest available information.\n\nBackground\n\nIn recent years global warming and its implications for climate change has emerged as a key issue for biodiversity and environmental management on a global scale. Climate change will amplify existing risks and create new risks for natural and human systems (IPCC 2014).\n\nDuring the life of the previous management plan, methods used to project our changing climate have improved, with most predictions rated at high or very high confidence rating. While specific climatic conditions are not available for Norfolk Island due to its remoteness, indicative projections of anticipated direction and degree of change may be drawn from scenarios that apply to the New South Wales region.\n\nThe park and garden is likely to experience increased annual average temperatures with more hot days and warm spells. Decreases in winter rainfall events are forecast (medium confidence) with increased intensity of extreme rainfall events. Mean sea level is projected to continue to rise (estimated 50 centimetres by 2070) and the height of extreme sea-level events will also increase. A harsher fire-weather climate is also anticipated.\n\nWhile there is improved confidence as to the magnitude and timing of climate changes, the extent to which these changes may affect the natural, cultural and economic values of the park and botanic garden remains uncertain.\n\nCertain aspects of the park and botanic garden may require adaptive management. For example, increased incidences of prolonged dry hot periods as a result of climate change may have disproportionately high adverse impacts on park and botanic garden values because of the soil’s poor moisture holding capacity.\n\nAn increased incidence of prolonged hot dry spells may increase the probability of wildfires in the park and botanic garden. While wildfires have not happened to date the flora would be very fire sensitive and would not recover from a hot wildfire. Changes to sea level and temperature may have a profound effect on seabird numbers as marine prey species either change behaviour or change in abundance.\n\nIssues\n\n    • Climate change impacts on the park and botanic garden are not known with enough certainty to mandate specific actions at the time of preparing this plan.\n    • Adapting management actions to anticipate and respond to climate change impacts on park and botanic garden values will be important.","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"2.8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Landscapes, soils and water","content":"###### 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water\n\nOur aim\n\nProtection of the landscape, soil and water values of the park and botanic garden.","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"2.9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Landscape rehabilitation","content":"###### 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation\n\nOur aims\n\n    • Areas of the park and botanic garden revegetated with appropriate native plants to enhance biodiversity health.\n    • The Mount Pitt section of the park is managed to return, as close as possible, to its condition prior to the arrival of Europeans on Norfolk Island.\n    • The Phillip Island section of the park is managed to return its condition, in parts, to that prior to the arrival of Europeans on Norfolk Island. Parts of the island will need to be managed to ensure suitable habitat for seabirds that have come to depend on bare areas of Phillip Island.\n\nBackground\n\nThe park and botanic garden have been subject to a long history of disturbance which has caused disruption to ecological processes, species extinctions and major reductions in the extent and quality of ecosystems.\n\nMuch vegetation in the park and botanic garden has either been destroyed completely by introduced herbivores or has been displaced by weeds. Some specific ecological processes have been severely damaged or destroyed by past actions.\n\nFor example, the removal of over 100,000 breeding providence petrels (Pterodroma solandri) over 100 years ago had a major impact on the nutrient status of the park. The introduction of pigs, goats and rabbits to Phillip Island from 1793 onwards commenced a devastating loss of vegetation that bound together the fragile soil, denuding the island and resulting in two centuries of substantial and irreversible erosion.\n\nThe extent of the historical damage means that it is not feasible to aim to restore the park and botanic garden to the precise state which existed prior to the beginning of either Polynesian or European impacts. For example, it is not practical to recover the extinct species or to reclaim the huge amounts of soil and nutrients lost to sea from Phillip Island.\n\nHowever, progress can be made towards significant improvements in the state of the remaining ecosystems, the status of species, preventing the further destruction of remaining ecological processes, and re-establishing native vegetation in areas that have been totally denuded of vegetation or overrun by weeds.\n\nIssues\n\n    • Some areas of the park and botanic garden are either completely denuded of vegetation or very heavily infested with weeds.\n    • Areas cleared of weeds and areas prone to erosion require actions to prevent further erosion and to aid revegetation.\n    • Some native species have adapted to disturbed habitats.","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"2.10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Forestry Area","content":"###### 2.10 Forestry Area\n\nOur aims","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"Tourism and use of the","sectionType":"part","heading":"Tourism and use of the","content":"# Tourism and use of the\n\npark and botanic garden","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"Offering world class natural and cultura","sectionType":"section","heading":"Offering world class natural and cultural experiences","content":"##### Offering world class natural and cultural experiences\n\nObjective:  To offer world class natural and cultural experiences,\n\nthat improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n\nDesired outcomes:  Visitors enjoy, appreciate and understand the values\n\nof the park and botanic garden\n\nPerformance indicators:  Level of satisfaction expressed in feedback from park\n\nand botanic garden visitors\n\n    ![](image.058.png) Level of support for protecting the natural values of the park and botanic garden","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"3.1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Visitor activities","content":"###### 3.1 Visitor activities\n\nOur aims\n\n    • Visitors enjoy and appreciate the experience of visiting the park and botanic garden.\n    • Visitor use of the park and botanic garden is managed in ways that do not impact upon park and botanic garden values.\n\nBackground\n\nThe types of recreational opportunities appropriate to the Mount Pitt Section of the park are very different from those for Phillip Island and the botanic garden. Furthermore,\n\nthe range of recreational experiences sought by Norfolk Island residents is often very different from those sought by visitors to Norfolk Island.\n\nTouring by vehicle, walking, horse riding and cycling are popular leisure activities in the Mount Pitt section of the park. The multi-purpose use of roads and walking tracks has safety implications and requires careful management. Visitors are advised to wear sensible footwear and to take water and food supplies on the longer walks. In extreme wet weather tracks may become slippery and extreme caution is advised. Dog walking is not allowed in the Botanic Gardens nor Phillip Island sections of the park. The Mount Pitt section of the park (see Maps 1 and 4) is the only part of the park exempt from the general prohibition on dog-walking.\n\nAccess to Phillip Island is by boat and from the boat landing place, people ascend a cliff using fixed ropes and a ladder system.\n\nThe main uses of the Phillip Island section of the park by Norfolk Island residents and visitors are fishing, camping, birdwatching and general recreation. All activities on Phillip Island have associated risks concerning access, weather and surface conditions, and rescue capacity should an accident occur. Visitors to Phillip Island are advised to ensure that they have adequate clothing and supplies, and are advised that they should only attempt to visit the island accompanied by a professional permitted guide or an experienced Norfolk Island resident.\n\nThe park boundary extends to the high water mark where it meets the coastline. The shore and marine waters below the high water mark fall within the Norfolk Marine Park, also managed by the Director of National Parks as part of the Temperate East Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network. There may be opportunities during the life of the plan for activities to occur that incorporate use of the both the park and the marine reserve, such as scuba diving and snorkelling tours or establishment of visitor infrastructure in the park that support activities undertaken in the marine reserve.","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"3.2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Visitor information, education and interpretation","content":"###### 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation\n\nOur aim\n\nInform visitors and the community about park and botanic garden values and their ongoing protection and conservation.\n\nBackground\n\nWell-prepared information about park and botanic garden values and management can add to the quality of the visitor experience and is likely to benefit protection of the area. Visitors are able to obtain information about the park and botanic garden from:\n\n    • pre-visit tourism industry information\n    • website and social media\n    • brochures and publications\n    • interpretive and regulatory signage\n    • commercial tour operators.\n\nInformation is available on Norfolk Island from Park Headquarters and from the tourism information centre in Burnt Pine. The botanic garden is home to the Discovery Centre which provides information on activities within the park and botanic garden as well as significant detail about the environmental history and values of the park and botanic garden and Norfolk Island as a whole.","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"3.3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commercial tourism and other commercial activities","content":"###### 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities\n\nOur aim\n\n    • Ensure that commercial activities in the park and botanic garden promote park and botanic garden values and enhance visitor experience without compromising management actions or the cultural and natural values of the park and botanic garden.\n\nBackground\n\nParts of the park and botanic garden are managed to provide opportunities for public recreation and enjoyment. This creates opportunities for local tourism businesses to provide products and services to visitors to the park and botanic garden.\n\nCommercial activities which may take place within the Mount Pitt section of the park include tours by bus, mountain bikes, horse riding and walking as well as photography and events management. Commercial operators may also be authorised to operate guided walking tours on Phillip Island.\n\nDuring the life of the plan it may be appropriate to consider and grant leases, subleases and licences of land or premises for other purposes e.g. to new and emerging business enterprises or to utility providers (for areas of land containing cables and pipes for electricity, gas, water or communication services). Section 358(2) of the EPBC Act allows the Director to grant a lease, sublease, or licence relating to land in the park or botanic garden provided it is in accordance with a management plan.","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"Effective business systems","sectionType":"part","heading":"Effective business systems","content":"# Effective business systems","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"Efficient and effective business practic","sectionType":"section","heading":"Efficient and effective business practices and systems","content":"##### Efficient and effective business practices and systems\n\nObjective:  To base management and decision-making on a foundation\n\nof best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nDesired outcomes:  Impacts of proposed activities are minimised through use of\n\nimpact assessment procedures prior to approval.\n\n     Capital works and infrastructure are appropriate to the site and maintained to safe standards\n     Incidents are minimised in the park and botanic garden through responsible risk assessment and identification of hazards.\n\nPerformance indicators:  Number of proposals assessed for their potential impact\n\nupon park values.\n\n     Visitor satisfaction with park and garden facilities\n    ![](image.061.png) Number and severity of incidents in the park are minimised","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"4.1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Assessment of proposals","content":"###### 4.1 Assessment of proposals\n\nOur aim\n\nThe potential or likely impacts of proposed actions on park and botanic garden values are properly considered before such actions are approved.\n\nBackground\n\nActivities proposed to be undertaken in the park or botanic garden by the Director and external stakeholders must be assessed for their potential impacts on the park and botanic garden values before a decision can be made on whether the activity should go ahead.\n\nSome activities proposed to be undertaken in the park or botanic garden may be ‘controlled actions’ (see Appendix B, Legislative context) and may also require assessment and approval by the Minister under the EPBC Act because they are likely to have a significant impact on a matter of national environmental significance (such as nationally listed threatened species) or the environment generally in Commonwealth land. The EPBC Act defines the ‘environment’ as including:\n\n    .1 (a) ecosystems and their constituent parts, including people and communities;\n    (b) natural and physical resources;\n    (c) the qualities and characteristics of locations, places and areas;\n    (d) heritage values of places; and\n    (e) the social, economic and cultural aspects of a thing mentioned in paragraph (a), (b) or (c).\n\nProposed actions that do not trigger the EPBC Act assessment and approval provisions may still have impacts that require assessment before a decision can be made on whether the action should go ahead. Proposed actions of a routine nature that are authorised by or under prescriptions and actions in this plan generally do not require impact assessment.\n\nThe Director makes decisions on whether or not to approve proposals using the park and botanic garden’s environmental impact assessment process. In doing so the Director seeks the advice of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee (NINPAC).","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"4.4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Resource use in park operations","content":"###### 4.4 Resource use in park operations\n\nOur aim\n\nFinancial and environmental best practice governs the use and management of resources.\n\nBackground\n\nThe Director supports financial and environmental best practice principles in regard to the use of resources and management of waste products in the park and botanic garden.\n\nThese principles are consistent with good governance and with the need for conserving the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden.\n\nIssue\n\nFinancial accountability is a critical component of proper resource management.\n\nActions\n\n    4.4.1 Where practicable all management activities will aim to reduce or minimise the use of energy or materials.","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"4.5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Visitor safety and incident management","content":"###### 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management\n\nOur aim\n\n    • Visitors to the park and botanic garden have a safe and rewarding experience.\n    • Incidents and emergencies in the park and botanic garden are responded to promptly, effectively and safely.\n\nBackground\n\nNormal enjoyment of the park and botanic garden may involve some risk. Injury can occur on slippery or ocean-swept rocks, wet boardwalks, bridges or tracks. Overhanging trees or branches can pose dangers, as can activities such as driving vehicles, riding\n\nand walking, especially for elderly or unfit users of the park and botanic garden. Some viewing and walking areas of the park are close to precipitous cliffs.\n\nA range of measures are adopted in the park and botanic garden to reduce risks to visitors, including:\n\n    • maintaining roads, tracks and visitor facilities in a safe condition\n    • providing educational materials and signs for visitors and tour operators on safety and safe behaviour\n    • working with other agencies in emergency operations\n    • maintaining an integrated lock system which enables emergency vehicles to gain access to all management tracks within the park and botanic garden\n    • documenting, investigating and reporting incidents.\n\nThe Phillip Island component of the park is isolated and potentially dangerous. In wet conditions the surfaces become slippery and treacherous. The difficulties of landing boats mean that access to Phillip Island can generally only be accomplished in calm seas. People can be stranded on Phillip Island for several days waiting for seas to abate enough to return to Norfolk Island. The Fishing Club hut provides emergency shelter. Currently, access to Phillip Island is gained by fixed ropes and ladders. The lack of soil structure has rendered some areas of the island unstable and there are numerous cliffs and gullies.\n\nThe Director works with relevant agencies to ensure there is adequate rescue capacity in place.","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"4.6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Compliance and enforcement","content":"###### 4.6 Compliance and enforcement\n\nOur aim\n\nThere is maximum compliance with relevant legislation by users of the park and botanic garden as a result of effective education and enforcement programs.\n\nBackground\n\nCompliance with relevant legislation is important for the protection of park and botanic garden values, and for people’s safety.\n\nStaff may be appointed by the Minister under the EPBC Act as rangers or wardens, and exercise the powers and functions conferred on them by the Act and the Regulations. In addition, all members of the Australian Federal Police and special members of the Australian Border Force are ex officio wardens; and officers or employees of other Australian, state or territory government agencies may be appointed by the Minister as rangers or wardens. The Australian Government requires that investigating officers be trained to standards prescribed in the Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines.\n\nPark staff not appointed as wardens and rangers cannot exercise these powers but can encourage compliance with legislation through education to raise public awareness of appropriate behaviour.\n\nNorfolk Island laws apply in the park and botanic garden to the extent they can operate concurrently with the EPBC Act and Regulations and this plan.","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"4.7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships","content":"###### 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships\n\nOur aim\n\nDevelop and maintain cooperative relations and partnerships with the Norfolk Island community, government agencies, neighbours and stakeholders in a manner that focuses on promoting the most effective management of these areas and botanic garden and achieving common management aims.\n\nBackground\n\nThe park is integral to nature conservation on Norfolk Island, containing significant tourist attractions and sites and species which are important to the residents of Norfolk Island for recreation and traditional uses. Therefore there are many people and organisations with a strong interest in the management of the park and botanic garden. It is important to have good working relations with these people and organisations for the effective management of the park and botanic garden.\n\nDue to the size and location of the park and botanic garden relative to Norfolk Island, conservation of the park and botanic garden and their values depends on the joint commitment of all groups to work in partnership to ensure effective conservation and management outcomes.\n\nOn request, Parks Australia provides advice and assistance to the Norfolk Island Administrator, the Norfolk Island Regional Council, and the public on conservation, wildlife management and environmental issues.\n\nParks Australia supports relevant activities undertaken by local non-government organisations, assists at the local school with talks, tree plantings and environmental references and works cooperatively with the local community to encourage appropriate environmental behaviour. Regular articles in the local paper educate and encourage a broader community focus on environmental issues, particularly those which impact on the park and botanic garden values.\n\nNorfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee (NINPAC\n\nNINPAC advises the Director on the effective implementation of the management plan and on other matters relevant to the park and botanic garden. NINPAC members are appointed by the Director.\n\nNINPAC membership is reviewed by the Director every three years. A representative of the Norfolk Island Regional Council also sits on NINPAC.\n\nThe chair is elected by NINPAC and the Park Manager acts as committee secretary. At the time of preparing this plan NINPAC’s functions are to:\n\n    • provide advice towards the development, implementation and revision of management plans for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n    • monitor the management of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n    • identify and recommend conservation priorities for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"4.8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Activities not otherwise specified in this plan","content":"###### 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan\n\nOur aim\n\nThe Director is able to respond to new issues and proposals consistent with this plan and the EPBC Act and Regulations.\n\nMeasuring how well we are meeting our aim\n\nExtent to which new issues are dealt with effectively and consistent with the principles and policies set out in this plan\n\nBackground\n\nThis plan sets out how the park and botanic garden will be managed for a period of ten years. During that time, circumstances may arise or proposals be brought forward for actions which are not known or anticipated at the time this plan is being prepared and which will require the Director to take actions that are not covered by specific prescriptions and actions in this plan.\n\nAs noted in Appendix B, Legislative context, under ss.354 and 354A of the EPBC Act certain types of actions can only be taken if they are authorised by this plan (including acts in relation to native species, works, and actions for commercial purposes). Actions affecting members of species protected under Part 13 of the Act may be taken in accordance with this plan.\n\nSection 358(2) of the EPBC Act allows the Director to grant a lease, sublease, or licence relating to land in the park and botanic garden provided it is in accordance with a management plan.\n\nThe Director is required by the Act (s.362) to exercise the Director’s powers e.g. to issue permits and to perform the Director’s functions so as to give effect to the plan.\n\nIssue\n\nThis plan needs to enable appropriate actions to be taken and authorised that are not specified by other prescriptions and actions in the plan because they are not foreseen at the time of writing this plan.\n\nPrescriptions\n\n    4.8.1 The Director may take actions that are not covered by specific prescriptions and actions in this plan, including actions covered by ss.354 and 354A of the EPBC Act.\n    4.8.2 The Director may authorise (whether by permit, contract, lease or licence) actions by other persons that are not covered by specific prescriptions and actions in this plan, including actions covered by ss.354 and 354A of the EPBC Act or the EPBC Regulations.\n    4.8.3 The Director may grant leases, subleases and licences relating to land in the park and botanic garden.\n    4.8.4 Except in cases of emergency, the impact assessment processes prescribed in Section 4.1 of this plan apply to actions under this Section.","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"4.9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Management plan implementation and evaluation","content":"###### 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation\n\nOur aim\n\nManage the park and botanic garden in an effective and efficient manner and in accordance with obligations under this plan at law, and relevant Commonwealth and departmental policies.\n\nBackground\n\nIt is the responsibility of the Director under s.514B of the EPBC Act to administer, control, protect, conserve and manage biodiversity in Commonwealth reserves. Funds for the management of the park and botanic garden are allocated from the Australian National Parks Fund under the EPBC Act. The principal sources of the fund’s money are prescribed by s.514S of the EPBC Act. Under s.356A of the EPBC Act the Director may collect charges for activities undertaken in Commonwealth reserves, subject to the approval of the Minister. As a corporate Commonwealth entity for the purposes of the PGPA Act, the Director is also subject to the requirements of that Act and the policies and rules made under it, as well as other relevant legislative requirements and government policies.\n\nIssues\n\n    • To effectively and responsibly implement this plan, work policies, procedures and programs must be consistent with the plan and with relevant government policies.\n    • Near this plan’s expiry date, there should be a review of how successfully the plan has been implemented.","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"Interpretation (including acronyms)","sectionType":"section","heading":"Interpretation (including acronyms)","content":"###### Interpretation (including acronyms)\n\nIn this plan:\n\nAustralian Government means the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia\n\nBonn Convention means the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention)\n\nBotanic Garden means the Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nCAMBA means the Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the People’s Republic of China for the Protection of Migratory Birds and their Environment\n\nCommonwealth reserve means a reserve established under Division 4 of Part 15 of the EPBC Act\n\nDepartment means the Department of the Environment and Energy or such other department or agency that succeeds to the functions of the Department\n\nDepartment of Agriculture and Water Resources means the Australian Government department responsible for biosecurity in Australia\n\nDirector means the Director of National Parks continuing as a corporation under s.514A of the EPBC Act, and includes Parks Australia and any person to whom the Director has delegated powers and functions under the EPBC Act in relation to Norfolk Island National Park and/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nEPBC Act means the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, including Regulations under the Act, and includes reference to any Act amending, repealing or replacing the EPBC Act\n\nEPBC Regulations means the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 and includes reference to any Regulations amending, repealing or replacing the EPBC Regulations\n\nForestry operations means operations or activities connected with, or incidental to, planting, maintenance and harvesting of trees or other plants\n\nForestry operator means an appropriately qualified individual or organisation authorised to undertake forestry operations in accordance with Prescription 2.10.1 of this management plan.\n\nIUCN means the International Union for Conservation of Nature\n\nJAMBA means the Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of Japan for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction and their Environment\n\nManagement plan or plan means this management plan for the park and botanic garden, unless otherwise stated","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"Appendix B","sectionType":"part","heading":"Appendix B","content":"## Appendix B\n\n#### Legislative context\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden\n\nThe Mt Pitt section of the park and the Botanic Garden were established when the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Act 1984 (Norfolk Island) came into effect on 12 February 1985. Prior to this, both Mt Pitt Reserve and Phillip Island had been public reserves declared under the Commons and Public Reserves Ordinance 1936 (Norfolk Island). The Mt Pitt section of the Park and the Botanic Garden were subsequently also proclaimed under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975 (Commonwealth) (NPWC Act) on 31 January 1986 following a request of the Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly.\n\nThe Phillip Island section of the park was proclaimed under the NPWC Act on 24 January 1996. The NPWC Act was replaced by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) in July 2000. The park and the botanic garden continue as Commonwealth reserves under the EPBC Act pursuant to the Environmental Reform (Consequential Provisions) Act 1999, which deems the park to have been declared for the following purposes:\n\n    • the preservation of the area in its natural condition\n    • the encouragement and regulation of the appropriate use, appreciation and enjoyment of the area by the public\n\nand deems the botanic garden to have been declared for the purpose of:\n\n    • increasing knowledge, appreciation and enjoyment of Australia’s plant heritage by establishing, as an integrated resource, a collection of living and herbarium\n\nspecimens of Australian and related plants for study, interpretation, conservation and display.\n\nThe Director of National Parks is responsible for the management of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden.\n\nDirector of National Parks\n\nThe Director is a corporation-sole under the EPBC Act (s.514A) and a corporate Commonwealth entity for the purposes of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013. The corporation is constituted by the person appointed by the Governor-General to the office that is also called the Director of National Parks (s.514F of the EPBC Act).\n\nThe functions of the Director (s.514B) include the administration, management and control of the park and botanic garden. The Director generally has power to do all things necessary or convenient for performing the Director’s functions (s.514C). The Director has a number of specified powers under the EPBC Act and EPBC Regulations, including the power to prohibit or control some activities and to issue permits or enter into licences for activities that are otherwise prohibited. The Director performs functions and exercises powers in accordance with this management plan.","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"Legislative context","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Legislative context","content":"#### Legislative context\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden\n\nThe Mt Pitt section of the park and the Botanic Garden were established when the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Act 1984 (Norfolk Island) came into effect on 12 February 1985. Prior to this, both Mt Pitt Reserve and Phillip Island had been public reserves declared under the Commons and Public Reserves Ordinance 1936 (Norfolk Island). The Mt Pitt section of the Park and the Botanic Garden were subsequently also proclaimed under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975 (Commonwealth) (NPWC Act) on 31 January 1986 following a request of the Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly.\n\nThe Phillip Island section of the park was proclaimed under the NPWC Act on 24 January 1996. The NPWC Act was replaced by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) in July 2000. The park and the botanic garden continue as Commonwealth reserves under the EPBC Act pursuant to the Environmental Reform (Consequential Provisions) Act 1999, which deems the park to have been declared for the following purposes:\n\n    • the preservation of the area in its natural condition\n    • the encouragement and regulation of the appropriate use, appreciation and enjoyment of the area by the public\n\nand deems the botanic garden to have been declared for the purpose of:\n\n    • increasing knowledge, appreciation and enjoyment of Australia’s plant heritage by establishing, as an integrated resource, a collection of living and herbarium\n\nspecimens of Australian and related plants for study, interpretation, conservation and display.\n\nThe Director of National Parks is responsible for the management of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden.\n\nDirector of National Parks\n\nThe Director is a corporation-sole under the EPBC Act (s.514A) and a corporate Commonwealth entity for the purposes of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013. The corporation is constituted by the person appointed by the Governor-General to the office that is also called the Director of National Parks (s.514F of the EPBC Act).\n\nThe functions of the Director (s.514B) include the administration, management and control of the park and botanic garden. The Director generally has power to do all things necessary or convenient for performing the Director’s functions (s.514C). The Director has a number of specified powers under the EPBC Act and EPBC Regulations, including the power to prohibit or control some activities and to issue permits or enter into licences for activities that are otherwise prohibited. The Director performs functions and exercises powers in accordance with this management plan.","sortOrder":41},{"sectionNumber":"Appendix C","sectionType":"part","heading":"Appendix C","content":"## Appendix C\n\n###### EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park and/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nBirds\n\n| Scientific name              | Common name                                  | Threat Status | Marine CAMBA JAMBA ROKAMBABonn |\n| ---------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------------------ |\n| Alopecoenas norfolkensis     | Norfolk ground dove                          | EX            |                                |\n| Anous minutus                | black noddy                                  |               |                               |\n| Anous stolidus               | brown noddy                                  |               |                             |\n| Aplonis fusca fusca          | Tasman starling                              | EX            |                                |\n| Ardea alba                   | great egret                                  |               |                             |\n| Ardenna carneipes            | flesh-footed shearwater                      |               |                             |\n| Ardenna pacifica             | wedge-tailed shearwater                      |               |                              |\n| Arenaria interpres           | ruddy turnstone                              |               |                            |\n| Bubulcus coromandus          | eastern cattle egret                         |               |                             |\n| Charadrius bicinctus         | double-banded plover                         |               |                               |\n| Chrysococcyx lucidus         | shining bronze-cuckoo                        |               |                               |\n| Circus approximans           | swamp harrier                                |               |                               |\n| Cyanoramphus cookii          | Norfolk parakeet,Norfolk Island green parrot | EN            |                               |\n| Falco cenchroides            | nankeen kestrel                              |               |                               |\n| Fregetta grallaria grallaria | white-bellied storm-petrel                   | VU            |                               |\n| Fregata minor                | great frigatebird                            |               |                             |\n| Gygis alba                   | white tern                                   |               |                               |\n\n![](image.091.png)\n\n![](image.092.png)Hirunda neoxena welcome swallow \n\nLimosa lapponica bar-tailed godwit    \n\n![](image.093.png)","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"EPBC Act listed species occurring in Nor","sectionType":"section","heading":"EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park and/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden","content":"###### EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park and/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nBirds\n\n| Scientific name              | Common name                                  | Threat Status | Marine CAMBA JAMBA ROKAMBABonn |\n| ---------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------------------ |\n| Alopecoenas norfolkensis     | Norfolk ground dove                          | EX            |                                |\n| Anous minutus                | black noddy                                  |               |                               |\n| Anous stolidus               | brown noddy                                  |               |                             |\n| Aplonis fusca fusca          | Tasman starling                              | EX            |                                |\n| Ardea alba                   | great egret                                  |               |                             |\n| Ardenna carneipes            | flesh-footed shearwater                      |               |                             |\n| Ardenna pacifica             | wedge-tailed shearwater                      |               |                              |\n| Arenaria interpres           | ruddy turnstone                              |               |                            |\n| Bubulcus coromandus          | eastern cattle egret                         |               |                             |\n| Charadrius bicinctus         | double-banded plover                         |               |                               |\n| Chrysococcyx lucidus         | shining bronze-cuckoo                        |               |                               |\n| Circus approximans           | swamp harrier                                |               |                               |\n| Cyanoramphus cookii          | Norfolk parakeet,Norfolk Island green parrot | EN            |                               |\n| Falco cenchroides            | nankeen kestrel                              |               |                               |\n| Fregetta grallaria grallaria | white-bellied storm-petrel                   | VU            |                               |\n| Fregata minor                | great frigatebird                            |               |                             |\n| Gygis alba                   | white tern                                   |               |                               |\n\n![](image.091.png)\n\n![](image.092.png)Hirunda neoxena welcome swallow \n\nLimosa lapponica bar-tailed godwit    \n\n![](image.093.png)","sortOrder":43},{"sectionNumber":"Index","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Index","content":"#### Index\n\n###### A\n\nacronyms and abbreviations, 64–5 actions\n\nadverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens, 25 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection, 17 business systems, 45–7\n\nassessment of proposals, 45–7 capital works and infrastructure, 55 climate change, 27\n\ncommercial tourism and activities, 41 community use of natural resources, 21 compliance and enforcement, 59 cultural heritage management, 15 Forestry Area, 32\n\nherbarium collection, 17 implementation and evaluation, 63 invasive and introduced species, 25 IUCN categories and zoning, 9 landscape rehabilitation, 30 landscapes, soil and water, 28 native plants and animals, 14 natural heritage management, 14\n\nneighbours, stakeholders and partnerships, 61 Norfolk Island Botanic Garden, 17\n\nresearch and monitoring, 19\n\nresource use in park operations, 55–6 roads and tracks, 49–50\n\nthreatened native species, 14 visitor activities, 38\n\nvisitor information, education and interpretation, 39 visitor safety and incident management, 58\n\nactivities not covered by plan, 62 activities, proposals for, 44–7 African olive, 12, 21–2, 30 agreements\n\nbenefit-sharing, 18\n\ninternational, 71–2\n\nresearch and monitoring, 18 aircraft, 37–8, 41\n\nalternative energy use, 56\n\n  \n\nanimals\n\nintroduced and invasive, 12–14, 21–5, 29\n\nlisted threatened species, 13–14, 73–6\n\nnative, 4, 12–14, 13\n\npredatory, 12, 13, 21–3\n\nrecovery and threat abatement plans, 14 relocation and captive breeding, 14 research and monitoring, 17–18\n\nspecies relocation, 14\n\naquifers, 28\n\nArgentine ant, 23, 25\n\nAsian house gecko, 22, 25\n\nassessment procedures, 45–7\n\nAustralasian swamphen, 20, 23 Australian Border Force, 59 Australian Federal Police, 59\n\n###### B\n\nbats, 13\n\nbeak and feather disease see\n\npsittacine circovirus disease beetles, introduced, 23\n\nbibliography, 78–9\n\nbiodiscovery, 18\n\nbiological resources, access to, 18 biosecurity, 37\n\nbirds, 4, 13\n\negg harvesting, 20–1 introduced and invasive, 20\n\nlisted threatened species, 13, 73–4\n\nnative, 13\n\nspecies relocation, 14 boardwalks see roads and tracks\n\nbotanic garden see Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Burnt Pine, 38\n\nbusiness systems, 44–63\n\n###### C\n\ncapital works and infrastructure, 54–5\n\nsee also roads and tracks captive breeding, 14\n\ncats, 21, 22, 25\n\nchemical use, 19, 24, 28","sortOrder":44},{"sectionNumber":"A","sectionType":"section","heading":"A","content":"###### A\n\nacronyms and abbreviations, 64–5 actions\n\nadverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens, 25 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection, 17 business systems, 45–7\n\nassessment of proposals, 45–7 capital works and infrastructure, 55 climate change, 27\n\ncommercial tourism and activities, 41 community use of natural resources, 21 compliance and enforcement, 59 cultural heritage management, 15 Forestry Area, 32\n\nherbarium collection, 17 implementation and evaluation, 63 invasive and introduced species, 25 IUCN categories and zoning, 9 landscape rehabilitation, 30 landscapes, soil and water, 28 native plants and animals, 14 natural heritage management, 14\n\nneighbours, stakeholders and partnerships, 61 Norfolk Island Botanic Garden, 17\n\nresearch and monitoring, 19\n\nresource use in park operations, 55–6 roads and tracks, 49–50\n\nthreatened native species, 14 visitor activities, 38\n\nvisitor information, education and interpretation, 39 visitor safety and incident management, 58\n\nactivities not covered by plan, 62 activities, proposals for, 44–7 African olive, 12, 21–2, 30 agreements\n\nbenefit-sharing, 18\n\ninternational, 71–2\n\nresearch and monitoring, 18 aircraft, 37–8, 41\n\nalternative energy use, 56\n\n  \n\nanimals\n\nintroduced and invasive, 12–14, 21–5, 29\n\nlisted threatened species, 13–14, 73–6\n\nnative, 4, 12–14, 13\n\npredatory, 12, 13, 21–3\n\nrecovery and threat abatement plans, 14 relocation and captive breeding, 14 research and monitoring, 17–18\n\nspecies relocation, 14\n\naquifers, 28\n\nArgentine ant, 23, 25\n\nAsian house gecko, 22, 25\n\nassessment procedures, 45–7\n\nAustralasian swamphen, 20, 23 Australian Border Force, 59 Australian Federal Police, 59","sortOrder":45},{"sectionNumber":"B","sectionType":"section","heading":"B","content":"###### B\n\nbats, 13\n\nbeak and feather disease see\n\npsittacine circovirus disease beetles, introduced, 23\n\nbibliography, 78–9\n\nbiodiscovery, 18\n\nbiological resources, access to, 18 biosecurity, 37\n\nbirds, 4, 13\n\negg harvesting, 20–1 introduced and invasive, 20\n\nlisted threatened species, 13, 73–4\n\nnative, 13\n\nspecies relocation, 14 boardwalks see roads and tracks\n\nbotanic garden see Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Burnt Pine, 38\n\nbusiness systems, 44–63","sortOrder":46},{"sectionNumber":"C","sectionType":"section","heading":"C","content":"###### C\n\ncapital works and infrastructure, 54–5\n\nsee also roads and tracks captive breeding, 14\n\ncats, 21, 22, 25\n\nchemical use, 19, 24, 28","sortOrder":47},{"sectionNumber":"D","sectionType":"section","heading":"D","content":"###### D\n\ndecision-making process, 44–7\n\ndefinitions, 64–65\n\nDirector of National Parks, 66 disabled access, 55\n\ndisaster management, 57\n\nDiscovery Centre, 12, 16–17, 38, 54\n\ndogs, 36–37","sortOrder":48},{"sectionNumber":"E","sectionType":"section","heading":"E","content":"###### E\n\neastern free-tail bat, 13 education activities, 16, 38–9\n\nemergency management, 56–8 energy, alternative sources of, 56\n\nEnvironment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation\n\nAct 1999, 3, 66, 67–9\n\nenvironmental impact assessments, 47, 68–9\n\nerosion, 12, 27–8, 49–50\n\neucalypts, 30–1 European honey bee, 23\n\nEuropean settlement, 3, 12","sortOrder":49},{"sectionNumber":"F","sectionType":"section","heading":"F","content":"###### F\n\nfacilities, 54\n\nfauna see animals; birds; reptiles fees and charges, 41\n\nferal animals see animals feral fowl, 22–3\n\nfinancial management, 44, 55–6\n\nfirearms, 38\n\nfires, 26–7, 58\n\nfirst aid, 40, 49, 58\n\nflax plants, 20\n\nForestry Area, 12, 30–2 IUCN category of, 9 map showing, 2\n\n  \nforestry operations, 30–2\n\nFormosan lily, 21\n\nfour-wheel drive tours, 49 fruit, native, 20\n\nfunding, 55–6, 63\n\nfungal diseases, 23–4\n\nfurther reading, 78–9","sortOrder":50},{"sectionNumber":"G","sectionType":"section","heading":"G","content":"###### G\n\ngeckos, 22, 25\n\ngenetic resources, 18\n\nglobal warming, 26–7\n\nglossary, 64–5\n\nGould’s wattled bat, 13 greenhouse gas emissions, 56 guava, native, 20\n\nguava, red, 21–2","sortOrder":51},{"sectionNumber":"H","sectionType":"section","heading":"H","content":"###### H\n\nHawaiian holly, 21–2\n\nherbarium collection, 12, 16–17\n\nhistorical sites and artefacts, 4, 15\n\nhorse riding, 36, 37, 39, 49","sortOrder":52},{"sectionNumber":"I","sectionType":"section","heading":"I","content":"###### I\n\nimpact assessment procedures, 46, 47 incident management and reporting, 56–8\n\ninformation, education and interpretation, 15, 38–9 infrastructure see capital works and infrastructure insurance, commercial public liability, 32, 40, 49\n\ninternational agreements, 71–2 International Union for the Conservation of\n\nNature (IUCN), iii categories and zoning, 8–9\n\ninterpretive materials and signage, 15, 38–9 invasive species see animals\n\ninvertebrates, introduced, 23 issues\n\nactivities not covered by management plan, 62 adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens, 24 assessment of proposals, 45\n\nBotanic Garden and herbarium collection, 16 business systems, 45\n\ncapital works and infrastructure, 54 climate change, 26\n\ncommercial tourism and activities, 40 community use of natural resources, 20 compliance and enforcement, 59","sortOrder":53},{"sectionNumber":"K","sectionType":"section","heading":"K","content":"###### K\n\nkikuyu, 21\n\nkurrajong, 24","sortOrder":54},{"sectionNumber":"L","sectionType":"section","heading":"L","content":"###### L\n\nlandscapes, 27–8\n\nrehabilitation, 29–30\n\nlandscaping materials, 55\n\nlantana, 21\n\nleases see permits, leases and licences legislative context, 3, 66–72\n\nlemons, native, 20\n\nlicences see permits, leases and licences\n\nlisted threatened species, 4, 13–14, 67–8, 73–6 research and monitoring, 17–19\n\nthreats to, 21–5\n\nliving collection, 12, 16–17\n\nLord Howe Island (Norfolk Island) gecko, 13, 21 Lord Howe Island (Norfolk Island) skink, 13, 21","sortOrder":55},{"sectionNumber":"M","sectionType":"section","heading":"M","content":"###### M\n\nMadeira vine, 21\n\nmammals, native, 13 Management Plan\n\nactivities not covered by, 62 commencement and termination, 8 implementation and evaluation, 63 interpretation, 64–5\n\nplanning process, 69–70 vision and objectives, iii\n\n  \nmaps\n\naccess to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden, 52 access to Norfolk Island National Park\n\n(Mount Pitt Section), 50\n\naccess to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section), 50–3\n\nIUCN categorisation of zones, 10\n\nlocation of National Park and Botanic Garden, 2 Norfolk Island National Park, 33\n\nwalking tracks, 50–2\n\nmarine species, 13, 17\n\nmemorial plaques, 38\n\nmigratory species, 14, 17, 31\n\nmolluscs, native, 13\n\nmonitoring see research and monitoring morning glory, 21\n\nMount Pitt Section, 3, 12 commercial activities in, 39–41 IUCN category of, 9\n\nlandscape rehabilitation, 29\n\nmap showing, 2\n\nmountain bike riding, 37, 39, 48\n\nmyrtle rust, 24","sortOrder":56},{"sectionNumber":"N","sectionType":"section","heading":"N","content":"###### N\n\nNational Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975, 3 National Seed Bank, 17\n\nnative species see animals; plants natural heritage management, 12–33 natural resource use, community, 20–1\n\nneighbours see stakeholders and partnerships Norfolk Island, 3\n\nlegislation, 69\n\nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden, 3, 12, 16–17 heritage and natural values, 4\n\nIUCN category and zoning, 8–9 map showing, 2\n\nsocial and economic values, 5\n\nvision and management objectives, iii\n\nNorfolk Island Commonwealth Marine Reserve, 41 Norfolk Island green parrot, 13, 14, 22–3\n\nNorfolk Island morepork, 13 Norfolk Island National Park, 3\n\nheritage and natural values, 4 IUCN category and zoning, 8–9 map showing, 2\n\nsocial and economic values, 5\n\nvision and management objectives, iii","sortOrder":57},{"sectionNumber":"P","sectionType":"section","heading":"P","content":"###### P\n\npalm seed borer, 23 Parks Australia, 60\n\npartnerships see stakeholders and partnerships pathogens, introduced, 12, 23–4\n\npathways see roads and tracks penalties, 68\n\npermits, leases and licences, 40–1 adventurous activities, 37\n\ncapital works and infrastructure, 54 commercial tourism, 39–41, 49 compliance and enforcement, 59 firearms, 38\n\nforestry operations, 32\n\nintroduction of non-native species, 25 public gatherings, 37\n\nremotely piloted aircraft, 37 research and monitoring, 19\n\nscattering of ashes and installation of plaques, 38 persistent chemicals, 28\n\nPhillip Island, 3\n\nerosion, 12\n\nheritage and natural values, 4 introduced species, 12, 20, 22–3, 29–30 IUCN category of, 9\n\nlandscape rehabilitation, 29, 30\n\ntourism and activities, 36–8, 39\n\nvisitor safety, 49, 56–7\n\nplant nurseries, 30 plants\n\ncritically endangered, 12, 13\n\nintroduced and invasive, 12, 21–5\n\nlisted threatened species, 13–14, 75–6\n\nnative, 4, 12–14, 13, 16, 20\n\nrecovery and threat abatement plans, 14 research and monitoring, 17–18\n\nspecies relocation, 14\n\nsee also timber production plantations predators see animals\n\n  \nprescriptions\n\nactivities not covered by management plan, 62–3 adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens,\n\n24–5\n\nassessment of proposals, 45\n\nBotanic Garden and herbarium collection, 16–17 business systems, 45\n\ncapital works and infrastructure, 54–5 commercial tourism and activities, 40–1 community use of natural resources, 20–21 cultural heritage management, 15\n\nForestry Area, 31–32\n\nherbarium collection, 16\n\ninvasive and introduced species, 24–5 IUCN categories and zoning, 9 landscapes, soil and water, 28\n\nnative plants and animals, 14 natural heritage management, 14 Norfolk Island Botanic Garden, 16 research and monitoring, 19 roads and tracks, 49–50 threatened native species, 14 visitor activities, 37–8\n\nvisitor safety and incident management, 57–8 proposals for activities, 44–7\n\nprovidence petrels, 29\n\npsittacine circovirus disease, 23–4","sortOrder":58},{"sectionNumber":"R","sectionType":"section","heading":"R","content":"###### R\n\nrainfall, 26–7, 28\n\nrainforest, 4, 12\n\nrangers, 59\n\nrats see rodents, introduced recreation activities, 36–41, 48–53\n\nremnant vegetation, 12\n\nremotely piloted aircraft, 37–8, 41\n\nreptiles, 13, 21\n\nlisted threatened species, 74 research and monitoring, 17–19 resources\n\ncommunity use, 20–1\n\nuse in park operations, 55–6 risk management, 56–8\n\nroads and tracks, 16, 48–53\n\nrodents, introduced, 13, 21, 22, 25 root rot fungus, 23–4","sortOrder":59},{"sectionNumber":"S","sectionType":"section","heading":"S","content":"###### S\n\nscenic flights, 41\n\nseabirds, 4, 23\n\nsearch and rescue, 57, 58\n\nseed banks, 17\n\nsignage see interpretive materials and signage skinks, 13, 21\n\nsnails, 4\n\nlisted threatened species, 76 soils, 27–8\n\nsooty terns, 20, 23\n\nstaff training, 58, 59\n\nstakeholders and partnerships, 12, 15, 41, 60–1 Statement of Significance, 4\n\nsurveys, 30, 31, 39","sortOrder":60},{"sectionNumber":"T","sectionType":"section","heading":"T","content":"###### T\n\nthreat abatement plans, 14\n\nthreatened species see listed threatened species Threatened Species Recovery Plan, 13\n\ntimber production plantations, 12 tourism, 5, 16–17, 36–41\n\ncommercial, 39–41\n\nlicences and permits, 37, 39–41, 49\n\nvisitor safety and incident management, 56–8\n\n  \nU\n\nunforseen activities, 62","sortOrder":61},{"sectionNumber":"V","sectionType":"section","heading":"V","content":"###### V\n\nvegetation see plants vehicle access, 48–53\n\nvisitors, 5, 36–41, 48–9\n\nwith disability, 16, 48–9, 55\n\ninformation, education and interpretation, 15, 38–9 safety and incident management, 56–8\n\nvolunteering, 61","sortOrder":62},{"sectionNumber":"W","sectionType":"section","heading":"W","content":"###### W\n\nwalking tours, 39\n\nwalking tracks see roads and tracks wardens, 59\n\nwaste products, 41, 55–6\n\nwater, 27–8\n\nweeds, introduced, 12, 21–2, 30–2\n\nremoval, 25\n\nwild tobacco, 21\n\nwildfires, 26–7\n\nWilliam Taylor plant, 21 World War II sites, 4, 12","sortOrder":63},{"sectionNumber":"Z","sectionType":"section","heading":"Z","content":"###### Z\n\nzones, IUCN, 8–9","sortOrder":64}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The plan implements and elaborates the park and botanic garden purposes already deemed under earlier legislation — preservation and regulated public use for the park, and conservation/education for the botanic garden — and assigns IUCN categories consistent with those purposes. It continues existing Director powers under the EPBC Act rather than expanding the reserve’s declarative scope (see 1.3 and Appendix B)."},"complexity_factors":["Cross‑reference dependence on the EPBC Act and Regulations for legal effect (multiple references, e.g. 1.3, Appendix B).","Significant delegated discretion to the Director to authorise otherwise‑prohibited actions (prescriptions 2.3.3, 4.8.1–4.8.4).","Permit, lease and licence regimes for varied activities (research, commercial tourism, forestry, harvesting) with differing rules and exceptions (2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 3.3, 2.10, 4.8).","Spatially differentiated rules: Mount Pitt, Phillip Island and Botanic Garden have different allowed uses and access arrangements (3.1, 2.9, maps).","Interactions with threatened and migratory species protections and international agreements require layered compliance (Part 13 references, Appendix C).","Biosecurity, invasive species control and disease management impose technical monitoring and operational requirements (2.6, 2.4).","Multiple stakeholder inputs and concurrent Norfolk Island laws introduce coordination and implementation complexity (4.7, Appendix B)."],"plain_english_summary":"This ten‑year management plan sets how Norfolk Island National Park and the Botanic Garden will be run: it assigns IUCN categories, establishes conservation and visitor‑use objectives, and authorises the Director of National Parks to permit, licence or carry out actions needed to meet those objectives (see 1.2, 1.3, 4.8).  \n\nWho pays and who decides: funding comes from the Australian National Parks Fund and the Director makes day‑to‑day decisions, creating permit‑based incentives and compliance duties for researchers, commercial operators, and visitors (4.9, 4.8, 2.5, 3.3)."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The legislation remains focused on its original purpose of managing the Norfolk Island National Park and Botanic Garden. While the 2020 plan updates previous versions (replacing earlier 2001/2008 plans), it has not expanded beyond the geographic and functional scope of conservation and management of these specific reserves. The inclusion of climate change adaptation and updated biosecurity measures represents modernisation of management approaches rather than scope creep."},"complexity_factors":["Moderate length (approximately 70+ pages when formatted) with multiple sections covering diverse topics from species management to commercial leasing","14 defined terms in the interpretation section (e.g., 'Director', 'EPBC Act', 'Forestry operations')","Multiple cross-references to external legislation including the EPBC Act 1999, EPBC Regulations 2000, Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013, and Norfolk Island legislation","Conditional permissions structure: many activities are prohibited unless authorised by permit, licence, or 'in accordance with this plan' (creating nested conditions)","Dual-status management: the document must reconcile two different IUCN categories (Category II for the National Park, Category IV for the Botanic Garden) with different management principles","Specific exemptions and exceptions (e.g., sooty tern egg harvesting only on Phillip Island during declared seasons, dog walking prohibited except in Mount Pitt section)","Incorporation of international agreements (CAMBA, JAMBA, ROKAMBA, Bonn Convention) affecting species management"],"plain_english_summary":"This 10-year management plan is the rulebook for Norfolk Island National Park and Botanic Garden: it protects unique plants, animals and heritage sites, manages threats like invasive species and erosion, and sets how the places can be used sustainably by visitors and the local community.  \n\nIt affects visitors, traditional harvesters, researchers and Parks Australia staff, and matters because it secures irreplaceable biodiversity and cultural values under Australia’s national environmental law."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2020","history":"/api/acts/norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2020/history","analysis":"/api/acts/norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2020/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2020/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2020/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2020/documents"}}