{"id":"F2018L00619","name":"Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Management Plan 2018-2028","slug":"norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2018-2028","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"repealed","isInForce":false,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":100041,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2018L00619-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"Repealed","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Environment Protection and Biodiversity ","sectionType":"section","heading":"Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999","content":"###### Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999\n\nAPPROVAL OF THE NORFOLK ISLAND NATIONAL PARK AND  \nNORFOLK ISLAND BOTANIC GARDEN MANAGEMENT PLAN 2018-2028\n\nI, MELISSA PRICE, Assistant Minister for the Environment, acting pursuant to section 370 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, hereby approve the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Management Plan 2018-2028.\n\nDated this 20 day of April, 2018\n\nMelissa Price\n\nAssistant Minister for the Environment\n\n  \n\\[This page is intentionally blank – Reverse side of signed instrument\\]\n\n![Front cover design for the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Management Plan 2018-2028](image.002.png)  \n\n  \n\\[Inside Cover – this page is intentionally blank\\]\n\n  \n\n![Image of the title page for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Management Plan 2018-2028](image.003.png)\n\n  \nISBN: 978-0-9876152-6-8 (Print)  \nISBN: 978-0-9876152-7-5 (Online)","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"How to cite this document","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"How to cite this document","content":"#### How to cite this document\n\nDirector of National Parks (2018) Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Management Plan 2018-2028. Director of National Parks, Canberra.\n\nThis management plan has been prepared by The Director of National Parks for public comment. This management plan sets out how it is proposed the park and botanic garden will be managed for the next 10 years.\n\n![Creative Commons Logo](image.004.png)With the exception of logos and cover images or where otherwise noted, this plan is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  \nTo view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\n\nRequests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights can be addressed to:\n\nDirector of National Parks  \nGPO Box 787  \nCanberra ACT 2601\n\nDirector of National Parks Australian business number: 13051 694 963\n\n© Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 2018\n\nE-location: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/national-parks/parks-australia/publications","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"Acknowledgments","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Acknowledgments","content":"#### Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee, the Norfolk Island Regional Council and the many individuals and organisations who contributed to the management plan.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"Credits","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Credits","content":"#### Credits\n\nPhoto credits:\n\nCover: Green parrot – Abi Smith\n\nNursery – Mark Hallam\n\nPhillip Island, Long Valley – Norfolk Island National Park Collection\n\nVisitors at the Botanic Garden – Norfolk Island Tourism\n\nMorepork owl – Lachlan L Hall\n\nPg. 7: Green parrot – Abi Smith\n\nPg. 13: White tern with chick – Lachlan L Hall\n\nPg. 17: Abutilon julianae – Norfolk Island National Park Collection\n\nPg. 41: Visitors at Captain Cook Lookout - Norfolk Island Tourism\n\nPg. 49: Rangers at Phillip Island - Norfolk Island National Park Collection\n\nOther images – Michael Nelson\n\nMaps – Environmental Resources Information Network","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"Insert ImageVision","sectionType":"division","heading":"Insert ImageVision","content":"### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"Objectives","sectionType":"division","heading":"Objectives","content":"### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk","sectionType":"division","heading":"Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"Statement of Significance 4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Statement of Significance 4","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"The values of the park and botanic garde","sectionType":"division","heading":"The values of the park and botanic garden 4","content":"### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"1. Introductory provisions","sectionType":"part","heading":"1. Introductory provisions","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"1.1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Short title 8","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"1.2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Commencement and termination 8","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"1.3","sectionType":"part","heading":"IUCN category and zoning 8","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"Resilient places and ecosystems","sectionType":"part","heading":"Resilient places and ecosystems","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"2. Natural and cultural heritage managem","sectionType":"part","heading":"2. Natural and cultural heritage management","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"2.1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Native plants and animals 12","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"2.2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Cultural heritage management 15","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"2.3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"2.4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Research and monitoring 17","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"2.5","sectionType":"part","heading":"Community use of natural resources 20","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"2.6","sectionType":"part","heading":"Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"2.7","sectionType":"part","heading":"Climate Change 26","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"2.8","sectionType":"part","heading":"Landscapes, soils and water 27","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"2.9","sectionType":"part","heading":"Landscape rehabilitation 29","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"2.10","sectionType":"part","heading":"Forestry Area 30","content":"## 2.10 Forestry Area 30","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"Tourism and use of the park and botanic ","sectionType":"part","heading":"Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"3. Visitor and access management","sectionType":"part","heading":"3. Visitor and access management","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"3.1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Visitor activities 36","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"3.2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Visitor information, education and interpretation 38","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"3.3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"Effective business systems","sectionType":"part","heading":"Effective business systems","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"4. Effective business systems","sectionType":"part","heading":"4. Effective business systems","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"4.1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Assessment of proposals 44","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"4.2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Roads and tracks 48","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"4.3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Capital works and infrastructure 54","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"4.4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Resource use in park operations 55","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"4.5","sectionType":"part","heading":"Visitor safety and incident management 56","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"4.6","sectionType":"part","heading":"Compliance and enforcement 59","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"4.7","sectionType":"part","heading":"Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"4.8","sectionType":"part","heading":"Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62","content":"Foreword\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden protect over 650 hectares of the remote Territory of Norfolk Island. Set in the south-west Pacific Ocean, the  \nnatural habitats and microclimates of the Territory provide refuge between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments and are home to unique assemblages of flora  \nand fauna.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide habitat and breeding areas for endemic species, migratory birds and large colonies of breeding seabirds. It provides protection to  \nremnant areas of subtropical rainforest that once covered much of the Island.\n\nManagement of the park and botanic garden has a strong focus on the protection of existing native flora and fauna and habitat restoration through the control of invasive species, planting of native vegetation and implementation of erosion control measures.\n\nThe park and botanic garden provide educational, scientific, cultural and recreational opportunities for Norfolk Island residents and visitors and a valuable resource for the Norfolk Island tourism industry.\n\nThis management plan for Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic  \nGarden has been prepared under provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and meets all the statutory requirements for a management plan under that Act.\n\nThis management plan will provide a firm foundation for the management of the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden for the next ten years.\n\n![Image of the signature of Dr Judy West](image.005.png)\n\nJudy West  \nActing Director of National Parks\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe Director of National Parks gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of members of the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee and the individuals and organisations who contributed to this management plan.\n\n### ![Image of the forest of Norfolk Island National Park, featuring Norfolk Island pines and sub-tropical vegetation](image.006.png)  \nInsert Image  \nVision\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are recognised and appreciated for their natural, cultural and scientific values, as a refuge for native species and as an inspirational and rewarding experience for both visitors and the local community.\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe objectives for management of the park and botanic garden are:\n\n-   To identify, conserve and protect the natural and cultural values of the park and botanic garden\n-   To offer world class natural and cultural experiences, that improve understanding of the values of the reserves and enhance the Norfolk Island regional economy\n-   To base management and decision-making on a foundation of best available information, sound policies and practices, contemporary management approaches.\n\nValues of the park and botanic garden, as described in the statement of significance on  \npage 4 of this plan, provide the basis and rationale for management of the reserves and underpin this plan’s objectives, policies and actions.\n\nThe management prescriptions in this plan contribute to achieving the objectives for the management of the park and botanic garden. These objectives support the purpose for which the reserves were declared and conservation of their natural and cultural values, ensuring they are managed consistently with their assigned International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories.  \nContents\n\nForeword i\n\nAcknowledgments i\n\nVision iii\n\nObjectives iii\n\nA description of Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nTerritory of Norfolk Island 3\n\n### Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 3\n\n### Statement of Significance 4\n\n### The values of the park and botanic garden 4\n\nManagement Plan for Norfolk Island National Park and  \nNorfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n## 1.1 Short title 8\n\n## 1.2 Commencement and termination 8\n\n## 1.3 IUCN category and zoning 8\n\n# Resilient places and ecosystems\n\n## 2. Natural and cultural heritage management\n\n## 2.1 Native plants and animals 12\n\n## 2.2 Cultural heritage management 15\n\n## 2.3 Botanic Garden and herbarium collection 16\n\n## 2.4 Research and monitoring 17\n\n## 2.5 Community use of natural resources 20\n\n## 2.6 Managing adverse impacts of plants, animals and pathogens 21\n\n## 2.7 Climate Change 26\n\n## 2.8 Landscapes, soils and water 27\n\n## 2.9 Landscape rehabilitation 29\n\n## 2.10 Forestry Area 30\n\n  \n\n# Tourism and use of the park and botanic garden\n\n## 3. Visitor and access management\n\n## 3.1 Visitor activities 36\n\n## 3.2 Visitor information, education and interpretation 38\n\n## 3.3 Commercial tourism and other commercial activities 39\n\n# Effective business systems\n\n## 4. Effective business systems\n\n## 4.1 Assessment of proposals 44\n\n## 4.2 Roads and tracks 48\n\n## 4.3 Capital works and infrastructure 54\n\n## 4.4 Resource use in park operations 55\n\n## 4.5 Visitor safety and incident management 56\n\n## 4.6 Compliance and enforcement 59\n\n## 4.7 Neighbours, stakeholders and partnerships 60\n\n## 4.8 Activities not otherwise specified in this plan 62\n\n## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"4.9","sectionType":"part","heading":"Management plan implementation and evaluation 63","content":"## 4.9 Management plan implementation and evaluation 63\n\nAppendices\n\n1.  Interpretation (including acronyms) 65\n2.  Legislative context 67\n\nEstablishment of the National Park and Botanic Garden 67\n\nDirector of National Parks 67\n\nEPBC Act 68\n\nPlanning process 70\n\nInternational agreements 72\n\nC. EPBC Act listed species occurring in Norfolk Island National Park 74  \nand/or Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\nD. Management principles in Schedule 8 to the EPBC Regulations relevant to 78  \nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden\n\n  \nMaps\n\n1.  Location of Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 2\n2.  IUCN Categorisation of zones within the park and botanic garden 10\n3.  Forestry Area 33\n4.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Mount Pitt Section) 50\n5.  Access to Norfolk Island Botanic Garden 52\n6.  Access to Norfolk Island National Park (Phillip Island Section) 53\n\nTables\n\n1.  Decision-making process and impact assessment procedures 46\n2.  Environmental impact assessment matters and considerations 47\n\nBibliography 81\n\nIndex 84","sortOrder":41},{"sectionNumber":"Territory of Norfolk Island","sectionType":"division","heading":"Territory of Norfolk Island","content":"###   \nTerritory of Norfolk Island\n\nNorfolk Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean at latitude 29°02’ S and longitude  \n167° 57’ E. Norfolk Island covers an area of 3,455 hectares and is located approximately 1,700 kilometres from Sydney, Australia, and 1,100 kilometres from Auckland, New Zealand (Map 1).\n\nThe Territory of Norfolk Island includes Nepean and Phillip Islands—small, uninhabited islands that lie to the south of Norfolk Island—as well as several rocky islets along the island coastline. Norfolk Island covers an area of 3,455 hectares with a permanent population of approximately 1,800.\n\nArchaeological evidence suggests Norfolk Island was inhabited by Polynesians between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries – it is unknown whether the Polynesian population moved on, or died out. Rediscovered by Captain Cook in 1774 and found to be uninhabited, Norfolk was settled by the British in 1788, just five weeks after the First Fleet’s arrival in Australia. The island operated as a colonial settlement between 1788  \nand 1814, utilising convict labour to harvest and mill Norfolk Island pines and harvest  \nflax for the making of canvas. In 1825 a penal settlement was established, operating until 1855, when the last remaining convicts were removed.\n\nIn June 1856 the Island was settled by the Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the mutineers of the HMS Bounty and their families. Pitcairn had become too small for their growing population and was no longer a suitable home. The Pitcairners established a permanent settlement on Norfolk Island and their descendants make up around one  \nthird of the Island’s current population.","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"Statement of Significance","sectionType":"division","heading":"Statement of Significance","content":"###   \nStatement of Significance\n\nSet in the south-west Pacific, Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden provide a link between tropical and temperate oceanic island environments. Norfolk’s remote location, coupled with Norfolk Island’s colonisation by plants and animals dispersed over vast distances of ocean, means the park and botanic garden have unique vegetation assemblages with many endemic species. The park contains historic sites and artefacts that illustrate the social development of the island and its people since early settlement. The park contains sites that support ongoing traditional and cultural practices undertaken by the local community.","sortOrder":44},{"sectionNumber":"Our aim","sectionType":"division","heading":"Our aim","content":"### Our aim\n\nThe park and botanic garden are managed in accordance with an IUCN protected area category and relevant management principles to protect their values while providing for appropriate use","sortOrder":47},{"sectionNumber":"Background","sectionType":"division","heading":"Background","content":"### Background\n\nUnder s.367(1) of the EPBC Act, a management plan for a Commonwealth reserve  \nmust assign the reserve to an IUCN protected area category. A management plan can  \nalso divide a Commonwealth reserve into zones and must assign each zone to an IUCN category (which may differ from the overall category assigned to the reserve). The EPBC Regulations (Schedule 8) prescribe the management principles for each IUCN category. The principles relevant to this plan are set out in Appendix D.\n\nThe provisions of a management plan must not be inconsistent with the management principles for the IUCN category to which the reserve or zone of the reserve is assigned (s.367(3)).\n\nThe categories to which the park and botanic garden are assigned are guided by the purposes for which they were declared.\n\nThe purposes for which Norfolk Island National Park was declared as a Commonwealth reserve are:\n\n(a) the preservation of the area in its natural condition; and\n\n(b) the encouragement and regulation of the appropriate use, appreciation and enjoyment of the area by the public.\n\nThe purposes for which the park was declared are consistent with the characteristics for IUCN protected area category II, national park. The purpose for which the botanic garden was declared is consistent with the characteristics for IUCN protected area category IV, habitat/species management area.\n\n  \nThe park is divided by this plan into two zones—the Forestry Area to be managed as IUCN category VI, managed resource protected area, reflecting the purposes for which the area is used; and the balance of the Mount Pitt Section of the park and Phillip Island to be managed as IUCN category II, national park. See Map 2.","sortOrder":48},{"sectionNumber":"What we are going to do","sectionType":"division","heading":"What we are going to do","content":"![Image for Chapter page: Management Plan for Nofolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden](image.010.png)\n\n  \n\n## 1. Introductory provisions\n\n1.1 Short title\n\nThis management plan may be cited as the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk  \nIsland Botanic Garden Management Plan 2018\\-2028.\n\n1.2 Commencement and termination\n\nThis management plan will come into operation following approval by the Minister under s.370 of the EPBC Act, on a date specified by the Minister or the day after it is registered under the Legislation Act 2003, whichever is later, and will cease to have effect ten years after commencement, unless revoked sooner by a new plan.\n\n1.3 IUCN category and zoning\n\n### Our aim\n\nThe park and botanic garden are managed in accordance with an IUCN protected area category and relevant management principles to protect their values while providing for appropriate use\n\n### Background\n\nUnder s.367(1) of the EPBC Act, a management plan for a Commonwealth reserve  \nmust assign the reserve to an IUCN protected area category. A management plan can  \nalso divide a Commonwealth reserve into zones and must assign each zone to an IUCN category (which may differ from the overall category assigned to the reserve). The EPBC Regulations (Schedule 8) prescribe the management principles for each IUCN category. The principles relevant to this plan are set out in Appendix D.\n\nThe provisions of a management plan must not be inconsistent with the management principles for the IUCN category to which the reserve or zone of the reserve is assigned (s.367(3)).\n\nThe categories to which the park and botanic garden are assigned are guided by the purposes for which they were declared.\n\nThe purposes for which Norfolk Island National Park was declared as a Commonwealth reserve are:\n\n(a) the preservation of the area in its natural condition; and\n\n(b) the encouragement and regulation of the appropriate use, appreciation and enjoyment of the area by the public.\n\nThe purposes for which the park was declared are consistent with the characteristics for IUCN protected area category II, national park. The purpose for which the botanic garden was declared is consistent with the characteristics for IUCN protected area category IV, habitat/species management area.\n\n  \nThe park is divided by this plan into two zones—the Forestry Area to be managed as IUCN category VI, managed resource protected area, reflecting the purposes for which the area is used; and the balance of the Mount Pitt Section of the park and Phillip Island to be managed as IUCN category II, national park. See Map 2.\n\n### What we are going to do\n\n#### Policies\n\n1.3.1 The park is assigned to IUCN category II, national park.\n\n1.3.2 The park is divided into two zones:\n\n(a) the Forestry Area (Map 3), located within the Mount Pitt Section of the park, is assigned to IUCN category VI, managed resource protected area\n\n(b) the balance of the Mount Pitt Section of the park and Phillip Island is assigned to IUCN category II, national park.\n\n1.3.3 The botanic garden is assigned to IUCN protected area category IV, habitat/ species management area.\n\nActions\n\n1.3.4 Manage the park and botanic garden in accordance with the Australian IUCN reserve management principles applicable to the relevant IUCN Categories assigned above, to protect their inherent natural and cultural values while providing for appropriate use (See Appendix D).","sortOrder":49},{"sectionNumber":"Policies","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policies","content":"#### Policies\n\n1.3.1 The park is assigned to IUCN category II, national park.\n\n1.3.2 The park is divided into two zones:\n\n(a) the Forestry Area (Map 3), located within the Mount Pitt Section of the park, is assigned to IUCN category VI, managed resource protected area\n\n(b) the balance of the Mount Pitt Section of the park and Phillip Island is assigned to IUCN category II, national park.\n\n1.3.3 The botanic garden is assigned to IUCN protected area category IV, habitat/ species management area.\n\nActions\n\n1.3.4 Manage the park and botanic garden in accordance with the Australian IUCN reserve management principles applicable to the relevant IUCN Categories assigned above, to protect their inherent natural and cultural values while providing for appropriate use (See Appendix D).","sortOrder":50},{"sectionNumber":"Issues","sectionType":"division","heading":"Issues","content":"###   \nIssues\n\n-   A high proportion of the park and botanic garden species are listed threatened species under the EPBC Act.\n-   The park and botanic garden provide habitat for listed threatened, migratory and marine species.\n-   There is insufficient knowledge for management of some species.\n-   Monitoring trends of many species is challenging, particularly on Phillip Island where access is difficult.\n-   The viability of some native species will depend upon actions taken inside and outside the park and botanic garden.","sortOrder":54},{"sectionNumber":"Issue","sectionType":"division","heading":"Issue","content":"### Issue\n\nThere is a need to broaden knowledge about the historical features of the park and botanic garden.","sortOrder":59},{"sectionNumber":"Our aims","sectionType":"division","heading":"Our aims","content":"### Our aims\n\n-   Establish and maintain a living and herbarium collection representative of Norfolk Island’s vascular flora with an emphasis on providing educational, interpretative and tourism experiences for visitors.\n-   Contribute to the conservation of threatened plant species through the establishment and maintenance of healthy ex-situ plantings and seed collections.","sortOrder":61},{"sectionNumber":"Actions","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Actions","content":"#### Actions\n\n2.8.5 Manage vegetation, including limited clearing, to maintain significant views.\n\n2.8.6 Maintain water collection and management works in the park and botanic garden to provide water for plant propagation and other management purposes.\n\n2.8.7 Monitor areas of the park and botanic garden that are susceptible to erosion, implement measures to minimise the occurrence of the soil loss and take action to rectify disturbed areas to ensure public safety, particularly during and following wet weather events. See also Section 4.2.\n\n  \n\n2.9 Landscape rehabilitation","sortOrder":85},{"sectionNumber":"3. Visitor management and use of the par","sectionType":"part","heading":"3. Visitor management and use of the park and botanic garden","content":"## 3. Visitor management and use of the park and botanic garden\n\nNorfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden are places for public education, enjoyment and recreation and also significant places for the conservation of wildlife and other natural resources. The challenge is to provide visitor access and facilities that ensure visitor safety, without compromising the values of the park and botanic garden.\n\n3.1 Visitor activities","sortOrder":94},{"sectionNumber":"Measuring how well we are meeting our ai","sectionType":"division","heading":"Measuring how well we are meeting our aim","content":"### Measuring how well we are meeting our aim\n\nExtent to which new issues are dealt with effectively and consistent with the principles and policies set out in this plan","sortOrder":137},{"sectionNumber":"The park and botanic garden are also est","sectionType":"part","heading":"The park and botanic garden are also established under the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Act 1984 (NI), which operates subject to the EPBC Act. For the purposes of this Act, one or more persons may be appointed by the responsible Minister as Officers. In the past, the park manager has been appointed as an Officer, with the designation of Park Superintendent.","content":"## The park and botanic garden are also established under the Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Act 1984 (NI), which operates subject to the EPBC Act. For the purposes of this Act, one or more persons may be appointed by the responsible Minister as Officers. In the past, the park manager has been appointed as an Officer, with the designation of Park Superintendent.\n\nPlanning process\n\nManagement plans\n\nSection 366 of the EPBC Act requires the Director to prepare management plans for the park and the botanic garden. When prepared, a plan is given to the Minister for approval. A management plan is a ‘legislative instrument’ for the purposes of the Legislation Act 2003 and must be registered under that Act. Following registration the plan is tabled in each House of the Commonwealth Parliament and may be disallowed by either House on a motion moved within 15 sitting days of the House after tabling.\n\nA management plan for a Commonwealth reserve has effect for ten years, subject to being revoked or amended earlier by another management plan for the reserve.\n\n  \nPurpose, content and matters to be taken into account in a management plan\n\nThe purpose of this management plan is to describe the philosophy and direction of management for the park and botanic garden for the next ten years in accordance with the EPBC Act. The plan enables management to proceed in an orderly way; it helps reconcile competing interests and identifies priorities for the allocation of available resources.\n\nUnder s.367(1) of the EPBC Act, a management plan for a Commonwealth reserve (in this case, the park and the botanic garden) must provide for the protection and conservation of the reserve. In particular, each plan must:\n\n(a) assign the reserve to an IUCN protected area category (whether or not a proclamation has assigned the reserve or a zone of the reserve to that IUCN category); and\n\n(b) state how the reserve, or each zone of the reserve, is to be managed; and\n\n(c) state how the natural features of the reserve, or of each zone of the reserve, are to be protected and conserved; and\n\n(d) if the Director holds land or seabed included in the reserve under lease—be consistent with the Director’s obligations under the lease; and\n\n(e) specify any limitation or prohibition on the exercise of a power, or performance of a function, under the EPBC Act in or in relation to the reserve; and\n\n(f) specify any mining operation, major excavation or other works that may be carried on in the reserve, and the conditions under which it may be carried on; and\n\n(g) specify any other operation or activity that may be carried on in the reserve; and\n\n(h) indicate generally the activities that are to be prohibited or regulated in the reserve, and the means of prohibiting or regulating them; and\n\n(i) indicate how the plan takes account of Australia’s obligations under each agreement with one or more other countries that is relevant to the reserve (including the World Heritage Convention and the Ramsar Convention, if appropriate); and\n\n(j) if the reserve includes a National Heritage place:\n\n1.  not be inconsistent with the National Heritage management principles; and\n2.  address the matters prescribed by regulations made for the purposes of paragraph 324S(4)(a); and\n\n(k) if the reserve includes a Commonwealth Heritage place:\n\n1.  not be inconsistent with the Commonwealth Heritage management principles; and\n2.  address the matters prescribed by regulations made for the purposes of paragraph 341S(4)(a).\n\n  \nIn preparing a management plan the EPBC Act (s.368) also requires account to be taken of various matters. In respect to the park and botanic garden these matters include:\n\n-   the regulation of the use of the park and botanic garden for the purposes for which they were declared\n-   the protection of the special features of the park and botanic garden, including objects and sites of biological, historical, palaeontological, archaeological, geological and geographical interest\n-   the protection, conservation and management of biodiversity and heritage within the park and the botanic garden\n-   the protection of the park and botanic garden against damage\n-   Australia’s obligations under agreements between Australia and one or more other countries relevant to the protection and conservation of biodiversity and heritage.\n\nInternational agreements\n\nThis management plan must take account of Australia’s obligations under relevant international agreements. The following agreements are relevant to the park and botanic garden and are taken into account in this management plan.","sortOrder":145},{"sectionNumber":"CAMBA","sectionType":"division","heading":"CAMBA","content":"### CAMBA\n\nCAMBA provides for China and Australia to cooperate in the protection of migratory birds listed in the annex to the agreement and their environment, and requires each country to take appropriate measures to preserve and enhance the environment of migratory birds. Twenty-six species listed under this agreement occur in the park and botanic garden.","sortOrder":146},{"sectionNumber":"JAMBA","sectionType":"division","heading":"JAMBA","content":"### JAMBA\n\nJAMBA provides for Japan and Australia to cooperate in taking measures for the management and protection of migratory birds, birds in danger of extinction, and the management and protection of their environments, and requires each country to take appropriate measures to preserve and enhance the environment of birds protected under the provisions of the agreement. Thirty-two species listed under this agreement occur in the park and botanic garden.\n\nROKAMBA\n\nROKAMBA provides for the Republic of Korea and Australia to cooperate in taking measures for the management and protection of migratory birds and their habitat by providing a forum for the exchange of information, support for training activities and collaboration on migratory bird research and monitoring activities. Twenty-six species listed under this agreement occur in the park and botanic garden.","sortOrder":147},{"sectionNumber":"Bonn Convention","sectionType":"division","heading":"Bonn Convention","content":"### Bonn Convention\n\nThe Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention) aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range. Parties to this convention work together to conserve migratory species and their habitats. Twenty species listed under this convention occur in the park and botanic garden.\n\n  \nSpecies that are listed under the above agreements and conventions are listed species under Part 13 of the EPBC Act. Appendix C to this management plan describes listed migratory species found in the park and botanic garden.","sortOrder":148},{"sectionNumber":"Convention on Biological Diversity","sectionType":"division","heading":"Convention on Biological Diversity","content":"### Convention on Biological Diversity\n\nThe Convention’s objectives are:\n\n-   the conservation of the world’s biological diversity\n-   to promote the sustainable use of the components of biological diversity\n-   to provide for the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the utilisation of genetic resources, including providing appropriate access to genetic resources and the appropriate transfer of relevant technologies taking into account all rights over those resources and technologies, and by appropriate funding (UNEP 1994).\n\nThe EPBC Act is the primary legislative instrument for implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity in Australia.","sortOrder":149},{"sectionNumber":"Nagoya Protocol","sectionType":"division","heading":"Nagoya Protocol","content":"### Nagoya Protocol\n\nIn October 2010 the Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity adopted the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization. Australia signed the protocol in January 2012, and is committed to its full implementation and ratification.\n\nThe protocol establishes an internationally recognised framework for access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge for research activities and sharing the benefits from their use. Access to biological resources in Commonwealth areas such as the park and botanic garden is regulated under the EPBC Act and EPBC Regulations (see also Section 2.4, Research and monitoring).","sortOrder":150},{"sectionNumber":"Birds","sectionType":"division","heading":"Birds","content":"### Birds\n\n| Scientific name                    | Common name                                   | Threat Status | Marine | CAMBA | JAMBA | ROKAMBA | Bonn |\n| ---------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ------------- | ------ | ----- | ----- | ------- | ---- |\n| Alopecoenas norfolkensis           | Norfolk ground dove                           | EX            |        |       |       |         |      |\n| Anous minutus                      | black noddy                                   |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Anous stolidus                     | brown noddy                                   |               |       |      |      |         |      |\n| Aplonis fusca fusca                | Tasman starling                               | EX            |        |       |       |         |      |\n| Ardea alba                         | great egret                                   |               |       |      |      |         |      |\n| Ardenna carneipes                  | flesh-footed shearwater                       |               |       |       |      |        |      |\n| Ardenna pacifica                   | wedge-tailed shearwater                       |               |       |       |      |         |      |\n| Arenaria interpres                 | ruddy turnstone                               |               |        |      |      |        |     |\n| Bubulcus coromandus                | eastern cattle egret                          |               |       |      |      |         |      |\n| Charadrius bicinctus               | double-banded plover                          |               |        |       |       |         |     |\n| Chrysococcyx lucidus               | shining bronze-cuckoo                         |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Circus approximans                 | swamp harrier                                 |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Cyanoramphus cookii                | Norfolk parakeet, Norfolk Island green parrot | EN            |        |       |      |         |      |\n| Falco cenchroides                  | nankeen kestrel                               |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Fregetta grallaria grallaria       | white-bellied storm-petrel                    | VU            |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Fregata minor                      | great frigatebird                             |               |       |      |      |         |      |\n| Gygis alba                         | white tern                                    |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea | New Zealand pigeon(Norfolk Island race)       | EX            |        |       |       |         |      |\n| Hirunda neoxena                    | welcome swallow                               |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Lalage leucopyga leucopyga         | long-tailed triller (Norfolk Island race)     | EX            |        |       |       |         |      |\n| Limosa lapponica                   | bar-tailed godwit                             |               |        |      |      |        |     |\n| Morus serrator                     | Australasian gannet                           |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n\n  \n\n| Scientific name                      | Common name                                                                        | Threat Status | Marine | CAMBA | JAMBA | ROKAMBA | Bonn |\n| ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------- | ------ | ----- | ----- | ------- | ---- |\n| Nestor productus                     | Norfolk kaka                                                                       | EX            |        |       |       |         |      |\n| Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata       | Norfolk Island morepork (boobook owl),southern morepork (boobook) (Norfolk Island) | EN            |       |       |      |         |      |\n| Numenius phaeopus                    | whimbrel                                                                           |               |        |      |      |        |     |\n| Onychoprion fuscatus                 | sooty tern                                                                         |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Pachycephala pectoralis xanthoprocta | golden whistler (Norfolk Island)                                                   | VU            |        |       |       |         |      |\n| Petroica multicolor                  | Norfolk robin                                                                      | VU            |        |       |       |         |      |\n| Phaethon rubricauda                  | red-tailed tropicbird                                                              |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Pluvialis fulva                      | Pacific golden plover                                                              |               |       |      |      |        |     |\n| Porphyrio melanotus                  | Australasian swamphen                                                              |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Procelsterna albivitta               | grey noddy                                                                         |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Pterodroma cervicalis                | white-necked petrel                                                                |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Pterodroma neglecta neglecta         | kermadec petrel (western)                                                          | VU            |        |       |       |         |      |\n| Pterodroma nigripennis               | black-winged petrel                                                                |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Pterodroma solandri                  | providence petrel                                                                  |               |       |       |      |         |      |\n| Puffinus assimilis                   | little shearwater                                                                  |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Sula dactylatra                      | masked booby                                                                       |               |       |       |      |        |      |\n| Todiramphus sanctus                  | sacred kingfisher                                                                  |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Tringa incana                        | wandering tattler                                                                  |               |       |       |      |         |     |\n| Turdus poliocephalus poliocephalus   | island thrush (Norfolk Island race), grey-headed blackbird                         | EX            |        |       |       |         |      |\n| Urodynamis taitensis                 | Pacific long –tailed cuckoo                                                        |               |       |       |       |         |      |\n| Zosterops albogularis                | white-chested white-eye                                                            | EX            |        |       |      |         |      |","sortOrder":151},{"sectionNumber":"Reptiles","sectionType":"division","heading":"Reptiles","content":"### Reptiles\n\n| Scientific name       | Common name            | Threat Status |\n| --------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------- |\n| Christinus guentheri  | Lord Howe Island gecko | VU            |\n| Oligosoma lichenigera | (Norfolk Island gecko) | VU            |","sortOrder":152},{"sectionNumber":"Plants","sectionType":"division","heading":"Plants","content":"###   \nPlants\n\n| Scientific name                           | Common name                   | Threat Status |\n| ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------- |\n| Abutilon julianae                         | Norfolk Island abutilon       | CE            |\n| Achyranthes arborescens                   | Chaff tree, soft-wood         | CE            |\n| Achyranthes margaretarum                  | Phillip Island chaff-tree     | CE            |\n| Blechnum norfolkianum                     | Norfolk Island water-fern     | EN            |\n| Boehmeria australis var. australis        | nettle tree                   | CE            |\n| Calystegia affinis                        | a creeper                     | CE            |\n| Clematis dubia                            | clematis                      | CE            |\n| Coprosma baueri                           | coastal coprosma              | EN            |\n| Coprosma pilosa                           | mountain coprosma             | EN            |\n| Cordyline obtecta                         | ti                            | VU            |\n| Crepidomanes endlicherianum               | middle filmy fern             | EN            |\n| Dysoxylum bijugum                         | sharkwood                     | VU            |\n| Elatostema montanum                       | mountain procris              | CE            |\n| Elymus multiflorus var. kingianus         | Phillip Island wheatgrass     | CE            |\n| Euphorbia norfolkiana                     | Norfolk Island euphorbia      | CE            |\n| Euphorbia obliqua                         | a herb                        | VU            |\n| Hibiscus insularis                        | Phillip Island hibiscus       | CE            |\n| Hypolepis dicksonioides                   | downy ground-fern, brake fern | VU            |\n| Ileostylus micranthus                     | mistletoe                     | VU            |\n| Lastreopsis calantha                      | shield-fern                   | EN            |\n| Marattia salicina                         | king fern                     | EN            |\n| Melicope littoralis                       | shade tree                    | VU            |\n| Melicytus latifolius                      | melicytus                     | CE            |\n| Melicytus ramiflorus subsp. oblongifolius | whiteywood                    | VU            |\n| Meryta angustifolia                       | meryta                        | VU            |\n| Meryta latifolia                          | broad-leaved meryta           | CE            |\n| Muehlenbeckia australis                   | shrubby creeper               | EN            |\n| Myoporum obscurum                         | popwood                       | CE            |\n| Myrsine ralstoniae                        | beech                         | VU            |\n| Pennantia endlicheri                      | pennantia                     | EN            |\n| Phreatia limenophylax                     | Norfolk Island phreatia       | CE            |\n\n  \n\n| Scientific name          | Common name                       | Threat Status |\n| ------------------------ | --------------------------------- | ------------- |\n| Phreatia paleata         | an orchid                         | EN            |\n| Pittosporum bracteolatum | oleander                          | VU            |\n| Pouteria costata         | bastard ironwood                  | EN            |\n| Pteris kingiana          | king’s brakefern                  | EN            |\n| Pteris zahlbruckneriana  | netted brakefern                  | EN            |\n| Senecio australis        | yellow daisy                      | VU            |\n| Senecio evansianus       | a daisy                           | EN            |\n| Senecio hooglandii       | yellow daisy                      | VU            |\n| Streblus pendulinus      | siah’s backbone                   | EN            |\n| Taeniophyllum muelleri   | minute orchid, ribbon-root orchid | VU            |\n| Thelychiton brachypus    | Norfolk Island orchid             | EN            |\n| Tmesipteris norfolkensis | hanging fork-fern                 | VU            |\n| Ungeria floribunda       | bastard oak                       | VU            |\n| Wikstroemia australis    | kurrajong                         | CE            |\n| Zehneria baueriana       | native cucumber                   | EN            |\n\nNote: This list may be amended during the life of this plan as new information becomes available.","sortOrder":153},{"sectionNumber":"Key","sectionType":"division","heading":"Key","content":"### Key\n\nCAMBA Listed under the Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the People’s Republic of China for the Protection of Migratory Birds and their Environment\n\nJAMBA Listed under the Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of Japan for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction and their Environment\n\nROKAMBA Listed under the Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of Korea for the Protection of Migratory Birds\n\nBonn Listed under the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals\n\nThreat Status Threatened species status under the EPBC Act\n\nCE Listed under the EPBC Act as critically endangered\n\nEN Listed under the EPBC Act as endangered\n\nVU Listed under the EPBC Act as vulnerable\n\nEX Listed under the EPBC Act as extinct\n\nMarine Listed as a marine species under the EPBC Act","sortOrder":154},{"sectionNumber":"Australian IUCN reserve management princ","sectionType":"part","heading":"Australian IUCN reserve management principles","content":"## Australian IUCN reserve management principles\n\n### Part 1 - General administrative principles\n\n1 Community participation\n\nManagement arrangements should, to the extent practicable, provide for broad and meaningful participation by the community, public organisations and private interests in designing and carrying out the functions of the reserve or zone.","sortOrder":155},{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"division","heading":"General administrative principles","content":"### Part 1 - General administrative principles\n\n1 Community participation\n\nManagement arrangements should, to the extent practicable, provide for broad and meaningful participation by the community, public organisations and private interests in designing and carrying out the functions of the reserve or zone.","sortOrder":156},{"sectionNumber":"Bibliography and further reading","sectionType":"part","heading":"Bibliography and further reading","content":"## Bibliography and further reading\n\nAgriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand, Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council, & Forestry Ministers (1999) National weeds strategy: a strategic approach to weed problems of national significance, rev. ed., Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.\n\nAnderson, JG (1990) Supplementary weed control program for Norfolk Island National Park, Report to ANCA, Norfolk Island.\n\nAnderson, JG & Cochrane, K (1995) Assessment of population numbers of Norfolk’s threatened plants (Norfolk Island National Park), Report to ANCA, Norfolk Island.\n\nAnderson, JG (1997) Establishing a weed control strategy for the preservation and protection of the endangered plants of Norfolk Island, Report to ANCA, Norfolk Island.\n\nAustralian Biological Resources Study (1994) Flora of Australia, Volume 49, Oceanic islands 1, ABRS, Canberra.\n\nAustralian National Parks and Wildlife Service (1982) Draft plan of management: Mount Pitt Reserve and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden, ANPWS, Canberra.\n\nAustralian National Parks and Wildlife Service (1984) Plan of management: Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden, ANPWS, Canberra.\n\nAustralian National Parks and Wildlife Service (1989) Phillip Island revised draft plan of management, ANPWS, Canberra.\n\nAustralian Nature Conservation Agency (1995) Norfolk Island walking tracks, ANCA, Canberra.\n\nAustralian Nature Conservation Agency (1995) Phillip Island resource assessment, unpublished ANCA report, Canberra.\n\nBell, BD (1990) The status and management of the White-breasted White-eye and other birds on Norfolk Island, unpublished report to the ANPWS.\n\nBenson, ML (1980) ‘Dieback of Norfolk Island pine in its natural environment’, Australian Forestry, Vol. 43, no. 4: pp. 245–252.\n\nBenson, ML (1985) Forest working plan for Norfolk Island, Forestry and Timber Bureau, Canberra.\n\nBenson, ML (1992) Report on the forest working plan for Norfolk Island, unpublished report to the Norfolk Island Government.\n\nButler, G (1990) Propagation manual produced for the ANPWS and forestry section of Norfolk Island, unpublished report to the ANPWS.\n\nChristian, M L (2005) Norfolk Island… the birds, Green Eyes Publications, Kingston, Norfolk Island.\n\nCogger, HG, Cameron, EE, Sadlier, RA (1979) The terrestrial reptiles of islands in the Norfolk Island complex. Unpublished report to the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra.\n\nCogger, HG, Cameron, EE, Sadlier, RA, & P Eggler (1993) The action plan for Australian reptiles, ANCA, Canberra.\n\nCogger, HG (2004) Draft recovery plan for the threatened lizards Chritinus guentheri and Oligosoma lichenigera on Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands. Unpublished draft report to the Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra.\n\nCogger, HG, Muir, G, & Shea, G (2005) A survey of the terrestrial reptiles of Norfolk Island March 2005, unpublished report to the Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra.\n\nCommonwealth of Australia (1997) Norfolk Island weed control manual (ed. P Ziesing) Environment Australia, Norfolk Island.\n\nCrouchley, D (1989) Norfolk Island Green Parrot consultancy report, unpublished report to the ANPWS, Canberra.\n\nDavidson, PM, Anderson, J, & O Evans (1994) Native vegetation within the forestry zone of the Norfolk Island National Park, unpublished report to the ANCA, Norfolk Island.\n\nDepartment of the Environment and Heritage (2005) Threat abatement plan for beak and feather disease affecting endangered psittacine species, DEH, Canberra.\n\nDirector of National Parks (2008) Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Management Plan 2008-2018, Parks Australia, Canberra\n\nDirector of National Parks (2010) Norfolk Island Region Threatened Species Recovery Plan. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.\n\nEdgecombe, J (1991) Norfolk Island—South Pacific: island of history and many delights, J Edgecombe, Thornleigh, NSW.\n\nEnvironment Australia (1999) Threat abatement plan for predation by feral cats, Environment Australia, Canberra.\n\nEvans, O (1987) Rat index line trapping, unpublished report to the ANPWS, Norfolk Island.\n\nForshaw, JM (1976) Nature conservation on Norfolk Island, Report of visit 25–29 July 1976, unpublished report to the ANPWS, Canberra.\n\nForshaw, JM (1981) Australian parrots, 2nd ed., Lansdowne Press, Melbourne.\n\nFullagar, P (1978a) Report on the rabbits on Phillip Island, Norfolk Island, CSIRO, Canberra.\n\nFullagar, P (1978b) Norfolk Island birds, unpublished report released at RAOU Congress, Norfolk Island.\n\nGarnett, S (1992) The action plan for Australian birds, ANPWS, Canberra.\n\nGilmour, P & C Helman (1989) The vegetation of Norfolk Island National Park, unpublished report to the ANPWS, Canberra.\n\nGriffith University (1994) Norfolk Island National Park visitor survey, unpublished report to the ANCA, Canberra.\n\nGutteridge, Haskins & Davey Pty Ltd. (1994) Asset management report, unpublished report to the ANCA, Canberra.\n\nHart, R (1994) Assessment of plant practices and equipment for propagation of Norfolk Island native plants, unpublished report to the ANCA, Norfolk Island.\n\nInvasive Species Council and Island Conservation (2017) Norfolk Island: Protecting an Ocean Jewel. Recommendations for stronger biosecurity for the Norfolk Island group. Invasive Species Council and Island Conservation. Fairfield, Victoria, Australia.\n\nIredale, T (1945) ‘The land mollusca of Norfolk Island’, Australian Zoology 11: pp. 46–71.\n\nJurd, G (ed.) (1989) Norfolk Island environment book: a teachers handbook, ANPWS, Canberra.\n\nLane, BA, Bezuijen, MR, Greenwood, D, Carr, GW & Ward, R (1998) Recovery plan for Norfolk Island Parrot (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cookii), Ecology Australia, Fairfield (Vic).\n\nMajor, R (1989) Reproductive output and recruitment of the Norfolk Island Scarlet Robin (Petroica multicolor multicolor), unpublished report to the ANPWS, RAOU, Melbourne.\n\nMills, K. (2007). The Flora of Norfolk Island. 1. The Indigenous Flora. The Author, Jamberoo (NSW).\n\nMills, K. (2007). The Flora of Norfolk Island. 2. Epiphytes and Mistletoes. The Author,\n\nJamberoo (NSW).\n\nMills, K. (2007). The Flora of Norfolk Island. 3. The Coastal Species. The Author, Jamberoo, (NSW).\n\nMills, K. (2007). The Flora of Norfolk Island. 4. The Naturalised Species. The Author, Jamberoo, (NSW).\n\nNaumann, ID (1990) ‘The aculeate wasps and bees (Hymenoptera) of Norfolk and Phillip Islands’, Australian Entomological Magazine, Vol. 17, no. 1: pp. 17–28.\n\nOlsen, PD (1986) Status and conservation of the Norfolk Island Boobook Owl Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata, unpublished report to the ANPWS.\n\nParks Australia (2000) Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden plans of management, Parks Australia, Canberra.\n\nParks Australia (2007) Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Draft Management Plan 2007, Parks Australia, Canberra.\n\nRooke, I (1985) Survey of the Norfolk Island Boobook Owl and White-breasted White-eye, unpublished report to the ANPWS, RAOU, Melbourne.\n\nSchodde, R, Fullagar, P & Hermes, N (1983) A review of Norfolk Island birds: past and present, ANPWS Special Publication No. 8, ANPWS, Canberra.\n\nStevenson, P, Yorkston, H, & Greenwood, D (1995) Norfolk Island Green Parrot recovery program 1995–96 draft interim plan, unpublished ANCA report.\n\nStrahan, R (ed.) (1983) The Australian Museum complete book of Australian mammals, Angus and Robertson, Sydney.\n\nSykes, WR & Atkinson, IAE (1988) Rare and endangered plants of Norfolk Island, Botany Division, DSlR, New Zealand.\n\nTaylor, RH (1985) Status, habits and conservation of Cyanoramphus parakeets in the New Zealand region, lCBP Technical Publication No 3, ed. Moors: pp. 195–211, Cambridge.\n\nTierney, J.W. (1989) Report on Investigation into Kurrajong (Wikstroemia australis) Decline and Phellinus noxius Root Rot Control on Norfolk Island, ANPWS","sortOrder":157},{"sectionNumber":"Index","sectionType":"part","heading":"Index","content":"##   \nIndex","sortOrder":158}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"model":"kimi-k2.5","source":"moonshot-realtime","completionTokens":2831},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The plan maintains the established statutory scope of managing Norfolk Island National Park and Botanic Garden under the EPBC Act. While it adjusts the Forestry Area boundary and updates management priorities to address emerging threats (climate change, biosecurity risks), these modifications remain within the original legislative purpose of conservation and sustainable management of the reserves."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple IUCN zoning categories (II, IV, VI) with distinct management principles under Schedule 8 of the EPBC Regulations","Extensive legislative cross-referencing to specific sections of the EPBC Act (ss.354, 354A, 367, 370) and Norfolk Island legislation","Three-tiered environmental impact assessment procedure (Categories 1-3) with specific decision-making matrices and consultation requirements","Conditional permitting systems for research, commercial tourism, species harvesting, and timber operations","Integration of Commonwealth Heritage List obligations and biosecurity protocols for Phillip Island","Defined terms and acronyms requiring reference to Appendix 1 for interpretation"],"plain_english_summary":"This 10-year management plan (2018–2028) sets legally binding directions under the EPBC Act for Norfolk Island National Park and the Botanic Garden, balancing conservation of rare species and habitats with sustainable tourism, community use, and research.  \n\nIt affects park managers, residents, visitors, commercial operators and scientists by protecting critical wildlife and biosecurity, maintaining Phillip Island as a predator-free sanctuary, enabling limited resource use and heritage protection, and requiring permits and impact assessments for new activities."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2018-2028","history":"/api/acts/norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2018-2028/history","analysis":"/api/acts/norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2018-2028/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2018-2028/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2018-2028/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/norfolk-island-national-park-and-norfolk-island-botanic-garden-management-plan-2018-2028/documents"}}