{"id":"qld:act-1993-085","name":"Native Title (Queensland) Act 1993","slug":"native-title-queensland-act-1993","collection":"act","jurisdiction":"qld","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"85 of 1993","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":104774,"registerId":"qld-act-1993-085-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"pt.1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Preliminary","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"sec.1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Short title","content":"### sec.1 Short title\n\nThis Act may be cited as the Native Title (Queensland) Act 1993 .","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"sec.2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commencement","content":"### sec.2 Commencement\n\nThis Act (including subsections (3) and (4) of this section) commences on a day to be fixed by proclamation.\nSection 15C (1) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 does not apply to subsections (3) and (4) of this section.\nThe following sections are taken to have commenced immediately after the commencement of section 1.03 of the Aboriginal Land Act 1991 —\nsection 157 (Amended Act)\nsection 158 (Amendment of s.1.03 (Definitions))\nsection 159 (Insertion of new s.1.04A (Meaning of native title interests ))\nsection 160 (Amendment of s.2.13 (Lands that are available Crown land—general))\nsection 161 (Amendment of s.3.06 (Existing interests))\nsection 162 (Amendment of s.5.08 (Existing interests)).\nThe following sections are taken to have commenced immediately after the commencement of section 1.04 of the Torres Strait Islander Land Act 1991 —\nsection 165 (Amended Act)\nsection 166 (Amendment of s.1.04 (Definitions))\nsection 167 (Insertion of new s.1.05A (Meaning of native title interests ))\nsection 168 (Amendment of s.2.10 (Lands that are available Crown land—general))\nsection 169 (Amendment of s.3.06 (Existing interests))\nsection 170 (Amendment of s.5.08 (Existing interests)).\n(sec.2-ssec.1) This Act (including subsections (3) and (4) of this section) commences on a day to be fixed by proclamation.\n(sec.2-ssec.2) Section 15C (1) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 does not apply to subsections (3) and (4) of this section.\n(sec.2-ssec.3) The following sections are taken to have commenced immediately after the commencement of section 1.03 of the Aboriginal Land Act 1991 — section 157 (Amended Act) section 158 (Amendment of s.1.03 (Definitions)) section 159 (Insertion of new s.1.04A (Meaning of native title interests )) section 160 (Amendment of s.2.13 (Lands that are available Crown land—general)) section 161 (Amendment of s.3.06 (Existing interests)) section 162 (Amendment of s.5.08 (Existing interests)).\n(sec.2-ssec.4) The following sections are taken to have commenced immediately after the commencement of section 1.04 of the Torres Strait Islander Land Act 1991 — section 165 (Amended Act) section 166 (Amendment of s.1.04 (Definitions)) section 167 (Insertion of new s.1.05A (Meaning of native title interests )) section 168 (Amendment of s.2.10 (Lands that are available Crown land—general)) section 169 (Amendment of s.3.06 (Existing interests)) section 170 (Amendment of s.5.08 (Existing interests)).\n- • section 157 (Amended Act)\n- • section 158 (Amendment of s.1.03 (Definitions))\n- • section 159 (Insertion of new s.1.04A (Meaning of native title interests ))\n- • section 160 (Amendment of s.2.13 (Lands that are available Crown land—general))\n- • section 161 (Amendment of s.3.06 (Existing interests))\n- • section 162 (Amendment of s.5.08 (Existing interests)).\n- • section 165 (Amended Act)\n- • section 166 (Amendment of s.1.04 (Definitions))\n- • section 167 (Insertion of new s.1.05A (Meaning of native title interests ))\n- • section 168 (Amendment of s.2.10 (Lands that are available Crown land—general))\n- • section 169 (Amendment of s.3.06 (Existing interests))\n- • section 170 (Amendment of s.5.08 (Existing interests)).","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"sec.3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Objects of Act","content":"### sec.3 Objects of Act\n\nThe main objects of the Commonwealth Native Title Act are—\nto provide for the recognition and protection of native title; and\nto establish ways in which future dealings affecting native title may proceed and to set standards for the dealings; and\nto establish a mechanism for determining claims to native title; and\nto provide for, or permit, the validation of past acts, and intermediate period acts, invalidated because of the existence of native title.\nThe main objects of this Act are—\nin accordance with the Commonwealth Native Title Act , to validate past acts, and intermediate period acts, invalidated because of the existence of native title and to confirm certain rights; and\nto ensure that Queensland law is consistent with standards set by the Commonwealth Native Title Act for future dealings affecting native title.\ns 3 amd 1998 No. 30 s 4 ; 1998 No. 38 s 14\n(sec.3-ssec.1) The main objects of the Commonwealth Native Title Act are— to provide for the recognition and protection of native title; and to establish ways in which future dealings affecting native title may proceed and to set standards for the dealings; and to establish a mechanism for determining claims to native title; and to provide for, or permit, the validation of past acts, and intermediate period acts, invalidated because of the existence of native title.\n(sec.3-ssec.2) The main objects of this Act are— in accordance with the Commonwealth Native Title Act , to validate past acts, and intermediate period acts, invalidated because of the existence of native title and to confirm certain rights; and to ensure that Queensland law is consistent with standards set by the Commonwealth Native Title Act for future dealings affecting native title.\n- (a) to provide for the recognition and protection of native title; and\n- (b) to establish ways in which future dealings affecting native title may proceed and to set standards for the dealings; and\n- (c) to establish a mechanism for determining claims to native title; and\n- (d) to provide for, or permit, the validation of past acts, and intermediate period acts, invalidated because of the existence of native title.\n- (a) in accordance with the Commonwealth Native Title Act , to validate past acts, and intermediate period acts, invalidated because of the existence of native title and to confirm certain rights; and\n- (b) to ensure that Queensland law is consistent with standards set by the Commonwealth Native Title Act for future dealings affecting native title.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"sec.4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"### sec.4 Definitions\n\nIn this Act—\naccepted application ...\ns 4 def accepted application om 1998 No. 30 s 5\naccepted application notice ...\ns 4 def accepted application notice sub 1995 No. 30 s 2 sch\nom 1998 No. 30 s 5\nalternative provisions ...\ns 4 def alternative provisions om 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nclaimant application ...\ns 4 def claimant application om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nCommonwealth Native Title Act means the Native Title Act 1993 (Cwlth) .\ns 4 def Commonwealth Native Title Act sub 1998 No. 30 s 5\ncompensation application ...\ns 4 def compensation application sub 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 5\nLand Tribunal ...\ns 4 def Land Tribunal om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nlawyer ...\ns 4 def lawyer om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nmediation conference ...\ns 4 def mediation conference om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nmember ...\ns 4 def member om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nNational Registrar ...\ns 4 def National Registrar om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nnative title determination application ...\ns 4 def native title determination application om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nNative Title Register ...\ns 4 def Native Title Register om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nnon-claimant application ...\ns 4 def non-claimant application om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nNTA , in a section heading, means the Commonwealth Native Title Act .\ns 4 def NTA sub 1998 No. 30 s 5\npotentially affected person ...\ns 4 def potentially affected person om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nPresident ...\ns 4 def President om 1998 No. 30 s 5\npresidential member ...\ns 4 def presidential member om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nregistered native title body corporate ...\ns 4 def registered native title body corporate ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 5\nregistered native title claimant ...\ns 4 def registered native title claimant ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 5\nregistered native title holder ...\ns 4 def registered native title holder om 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nRegistrar ...\ns 4 def Registrar om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nrevised native title determination application ...\ns 4 def revised native title determination application amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 5\nright to negotiate application ...\ns 4 def right to negotiate application om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nspecial issue ...\ns 4 def special issue om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nState Compulsory Acquisition Act ...\ns 4 def State Compulsory Acquisition Act om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nState Mining Act ...\ns 4 def State Mining Act om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nState mining Act means any of the following Acts—\nMineral Resources Act 1989\nPetroleum Act 1923\nPetroleum and Gas (Production and Safety) Act 2004\nan Act prescribed by regulation.\ns 4 def State mining Act ins 1998 No. 30 s 5\namd 2004 No. 25 s 1031\nTribunal ...\ns 4 def Tribunal om 1998 No. 30 s 5\ntribunal ...\ns 4 def tribunal ins 1999 No. 7 s 87 sch 3\nom 2007 No. 39 s 41 sch\nunopposed application ...\ns 4 def unopposed application om 1998 No. 30 s 5\nWardens Court ...\ns 4 def Wardens Court sub 1998 No. 30 s 5\nom 1999 No. 7 s 87 sch 3\ns 4 sub 1998 No. 30 s 5\n- • Mineral Resources Act 1989\n- • Petroleum Act 1923\n- • Petroleum and Gas (Production and Safety) Act 2004\n- • an Act prescribed by regulation.","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"sec.5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Words and expressions used in Commonwealth Native Title Act","content":"### sec.5 Words and expressions used in Commonwealth Native Title Act\n\nWords and expressions used in the Commonwealth Native Title Act and this Act have the same meanings in this Act as they have in the Commonwealth Native Title Act .\nSection 222 of the Commonwealth Native Title Act sets out a list of definitions used in that Act.\nSubsection (1) applies except so far as the context or subject matter otherwise indicates or requires.\nHowever, subsection (1) does not apply to a word or expression defined in section 4 (Definitions).\n(sec.5-ssec.1) Words and expressions used in the Commonwealth Native Title Act and this Act have the same meanings in this Act as they have in the Commonwealth Native Title Act . Section 222 of the Commonwealth Native Title Act sets out a list of definitions used in that Act.\n(sec.5-ssec.2) Subsection (1) applies except so far as the context or subject matter otherwise indicates or requires.\n(sec.5-ssec.3) However, subsection (1) does not apply to a word or expression defined in section 4 (Definitions).","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"sec.6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Act binds all persons","content":"### sec.6 Act binds all persons\n\nThis Act binds all persons, including the State.","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"pt.2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Validation and its effects","content":"# Validation and its effects","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"pt.2-div.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"General","content":"## General","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"sec.7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Object of part","content":"### sec.7 Object of part\n\nThe object of this part is to—\nvalidate, under section 19 of the Commonwealth Native Title Act , past acts attributable to the State; and\nAn act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 226 .\nA past act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 228 .\nAn act attributable to the State is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 239 .\nvalidate, under section 22F of the Commonwealth Native Title Act , intermediate period acts attributable to the State; and\nFor what is an intermediate period act , see the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 232A . There are 4 categories of intermediate period acts, called category A, B, C and D intermediate period acts. They are defined in sections 232B to 232E and deal with a number of things, including leasehold and freehold interests in land, other interests in land and waters, and public works.\nprovide for the effects of the validation.\nThe object of this part is also to validate, under section 24EBA (3) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act , certain future acts.\ns 7 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1 ; 1998 No. 30 s 6 ; 1999 No. 35 s 49\n(sec.7-ssec.1) The object of this part is to— validate, under section 19 of the Commonwealth Native Title Act , past acts attributable to the State; and An act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 226 . A past act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 228 . An act attributable to the State is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 239 . validate, under section 22F of the Commonwealth Native Title Act , intermediate period acts attributable to the State; and For what is an intermediate period act , see the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 232A . There are 4 categories of intermediate period acts, called category A, B, C and D intermediate period acts. They are defined in sections 232B to 232E and deal with a number of things, including leasehold and freehold interests in land, other interests in land and waters, and public works. provide for the effects of the validation.\n(sec.7-ssec.2) The object of this part is also to validate, under section 24EBA (3) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act , certain future acts.\n- (a) validate, under section 19 of the Commonwealth Native Title Act , past acts attributable to the State; and Editor’s note— An act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 226 . A past act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 228 . An act attributable to the State is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 239 .\n- (b) validate, under section 22F of the Commonwealth Native Title Act , intermediate period acts attributable to the State; and Editor’s note— For what is an intermediate period act , see the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 232A . There are 4 categories of intermediate period acts, called category A, B, C and D intermediate period acts. They are defined in sections 232B to 232E and deal with a number of things, including leasehold and freehold interests in land, other interests in land and waters, and public works.\n- (c) provide for the effects of the validation.","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"sec.8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Validation of past acts attributable to State","content":"### sec.8 Validation of past acts attributable to State\n\nEvery past act attributable to the State is valid, and is taken always to have been valid.","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"sec.8A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Validation of intermediate period acts attributable to State","content":"### sec.8A Validation of intermediate period acts attributable to State\n\nEvery intermediate period act attributable to the State is valid, and is taken always to have been valid.\ns 8A ins 1998 No. 30 s 7","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"sec.9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application of remaining provisions of part","content":"### sec.9 Application of remaining provisions of part\n\nThe remaining provisions of this part, other than division 4 , apply—\nto a past act attributable to the State that is validated by section 8 ; and\nto an intermediate period act attributable to the State that is validated by section 8A .\ns 9 amd 1998 No. 30 s 8 ; 1999 No. 35 s 50\n- (a) to a past act attributable to the State that is validated by section 8 ; and\n- (b) to an intermediate period act attributable to the State that is validated by section 8A .","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"pt.2-div.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Effect of validation of past acts on native title","content":"## Effect of validation of past acts on native title","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"sec.10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Category A past acts that are not public works","content":"### sec.10 Category A past acts that are not public works\n\nThis section applies if the past act is a category A past act, but is not a category A past act to which section 229 (4) (which deals with public works) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act applies.\nCategory A past act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 229 . This category covers freehold grants, some leasehold grants (commercial, agricultural, pastoral and residential leases) and public works. Lease and the various types of leases are defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , sections 242 to 249B . Public work is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 253 .\nThe past act extinguishes native title.\ns 10 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\n(sec.10-ssec.1) This section applies if the past act is a category A past act, but is not a category A past act to which section 229 (4) (which deals with public works) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act applies. Category A past act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 229 . This category covers freehold grants, some leasehold grants (commercial, agricultural, pastoral and residential leases) and public works. Lease and the various types of leases are defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , sections 242 to 249B . Public work is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 253 .\n(sec.10-ssec.2) The past act extinguishes native title.","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"sec.11","sectionType":"section","heading":"Category A past acts that are public works","content":"### sec.11 Category A past acts that are public works\n\nThis section applies if the past act is a category A past act to which section 229 (4) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act applies.\nThe past act extinguishes native title in relation to the land or waters on which the public work concerned (on completion of its construction or establishment) was or is situated.\nIf section 229 (4) (a) (which deals with public works completed after 1 January 1994) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act applies to the past act, the extinguishment is taken to have happened on 1 January 1994.\ns 11 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\n(sec.11-ssec.1) This section applies if the past act is a category A past act to which section 229 (4) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act applies.\n(sec.11-ssec.2) The past act extinguishes native title in relation to the land or waters on which the public work concerned (on completion of its construction or establishment) was or is situated.\n(sec.11-ssec.3) If section 229 (4) (a) (which deals with public works completed after 1 January 1994) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act applies to the past act, the extinguishment is taken to have happened on 1 January 1994.","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"sec.12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Inconsistent category B past acts","content":"### sec.12 Inconsistent category B past acts\n\nThis section applies if the past act is a category B past act that is wholly or partly inconsistent with the continued existence, enjoyment or exercise of the native title rights and interests concerned.\nCategory B past act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 230 . This category covers leasehold grants (other than leases that are category A past acts and mining leases).\nThe past act extinguishes the native title to the extent of the inconsistency.\n(sec.12-ssec.1) This section applies if the past act is a category B past act that is wholly or partly inconsistent with the continued existence, enjoyment or exercise of the native title rights and interests concerned. Category B past act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 230 . This category covers leasehold grants (other than leases that are category A past acts and mining leases).\n(sec.12-ssec.2) The past act extinguishes the native title to the extent of the inconsistency.","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"sec.13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Category C and D past acts","content":"### sec.13 Category C and D past acts\n\nThis section applies if the past act is a category C or D past act.\nCategory C past act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 231 . This category deals with the grant of mining leases. Mining lease is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 245 and mine in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 253 .\nCategory D past act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 232 . It is the residual category of past acts.\nThe non-extinguishment principle applies to the past act.\nThe effect of the non-extinguishment principle is set out in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 238 .\n(sec.13-ssec.1) This section applies if the past act is a category C or D past act. Category C past act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 231 . This category deals with the grant of mining leases. Mining lease is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 245 and mine in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 253 . Category D past act is defined in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 232 . It is the residual category of past acts.\n(sec.13-ssec.2) The non-extinguishment principle applies to the past act. The effect of the non-extinguishment principle is set out in the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 238 .","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"pt.2-div.2A","sectionType":"division","heading":"Effect of validation of intermediate period acts on native title","content":"## Effect of validation of intermediate period acts on native title","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"sec.13AA","sectionType":"section","heading":"Category A intermediate period acts dealing with the granting or vesting of certain interests in land or waters","content":"### sec.13AA Category A intermediate period acts dealing with the granting or vesting of certain interests in land or waters\n\nThis section applies to a category A intermediate period act within the meaning of section 232B (2) , (3) or (4) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act .\nThe intermediate period act extinguishes all native title in relation to the land or waters concerned.\ns 13AA ins 1998 No. 30 s 10\n(sec.13AA-ssec.1) This section applies to a category A intermediate period act within the meaning of section 232B (2) , (3) or (4) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act .\n(sec.13AA-ssec.2) The intermediate period act extinguishes all native title in relation to the land or waters concerned.","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"sec.13AB","sectionType":"section","heading":"Category A intermediate period acts that are public works","content":"### sec.13AB Category A intermediate period acts that are public works\n\nThis section applies to a category A intermediate period act within the meaning of section 232B (7) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act .\nThe intermediate period act extinguishes the native title in relation to the land or waters on which, on completion of its construction or establishment, the public work concerned was or is situated.\nThe extinguishment is taken to have happened when the construction or establishment started.\ns 13AB ins 1998 No. 30 s 10\n(sec.13AB-ssec.1) This section applies to a category A intermediate period act within the meaning of section 232B (7) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act .\n(sec.13AB-ssec.2) The intermediate period act extinguishes the native title in relation to the land or waters on which, on completion of its construction or establishment, the public work concerned was or is situated.\n(sec.13AB-ssec.3) The extinguishment is taken to have happened when the construction or establishment started.","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"sec.13AC","sectionType":"section","heading":"Category B intermediate period acts","content":"### sec.13AC Category B intermediate period acts\n\nThis section applies to a category B intermediate period act that is wholly or partly inconsistent with the continued existence, enjoyment or exercise of the native title rights and interests concerned.\nThe intermediate period act extinguishes the native title to the extent of the inconsistency.\ns 13AC ins 1998 No. 30 s 10\n(sec.13AC-ssec.1) This section applies to a category B intermediate period act that is wholly or partly inconsistent with the continued existence, enjoyment or exercise of the native title rights and interests concerned.\n(sec.13AC-ssec.2) The intermediate period act extinguishes the native title to the extent of the inconsistency.","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"sec.13AD","sectionType":"section","heading":"Category C and D intermediate period acts","content":"### sec.13AD Category C and D intermediate period acts\n\nThis section applies if an intermediate period act is a category C or D intermediate period act.\nThe non-extinguishment principle applies to the intermediate period act.\nFor category C intermediate period acts, the State must also comply with the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 22H (Requirement to notify: mining rights).\ns 13AD ins 1998 No. 30 s 10\n(sec.13AD-ssec.1) This section applies if an intermediate period act is a category C or D intermediate period act.\n(sec.13AD-ssec.2) The non-extinguishment principle applies to the intermediate period act. For category C intermediate period acts, the State must also comply with the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 22H (Requirement to notify: mining rights).","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"sec.13AE","sectionType":"section","heading":"Sections 13AA to 13AD apply subject to registered indigenous land use agreements","content":"### sec.13AE Sections 13AA to 13AD apply subject to registered indigenous land use agreements\n\nSections 13AA to 13AD apply subject to section 24EBA (6) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act .\ns 13AE ins 1998 No. 30 s 10","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"pt.2-div.2B","sectionType":"division","heading":"Effect of extinguishment under division 2 or 2A","content":"## Effect of extinguishment under division 2 or 2A","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"sec.13A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Effect of extinguishment","content":"### sec.13A Effect of extinguishment\n\nAn extinguishment under division 2 or 2A does not by itself confer a right to eject or remove any Aboriginal persons who may reside on or who exercise access over land or waters covered by a pastoral lease the grant, re-grant or extension of which is validated by division 2 or 2A .\ns 13A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\namd 1998 No. 30 s 11","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"pt.2-div.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Other effects of validation under division 2 or 2A","content":"## Other effects of validation under division 2 or 2A","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"sec.14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Preservation of beneficial reservations and conditions—past acts","content":"### sec.14 Preservation of beneficial reservations and conditions—past acts\n\nThis section applies if—\nthe past act contains a reservation or condition for the benefit of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders; or\nthe doing of the past act would affect rights or interests (other than native title rights and interests) of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders (whether arising under legislation, at common law or in equity and whether or not rights of usage).\nDivision 2 (Effect of validation of past acts on native title) does not affect a reservation or condition mentioned in subsection (1) (a) or rights or interests mentioned in subsection (1) (b) .\ns 14 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2 ; 1998 No. 30 s 13\n(sec.14-ssec.1) This section applies if— the past act contains a reservation or condition for the benefit of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders; or the doing of the past act would affect rights or interests (other than native title rights and interests) of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders (whether arising under legislation, at common law or in equity and whether or not rights of usage).\n(sec.14-ssec.2) Division 2 (Effect of validation of past acts on native title) does not affect a reservation or condition mentioned in subsection (1) (a) or rights or interests mentioned in subsection (1) (b) .\n- (a) the past act contains a reservation or condition for the benefit of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders; or\n- (b) the doing of the past act would affect rights or interests (other than native title rights and interests) of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders (whether arising under legislation, at common law or in equity and whether or not rights of usage).","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"sec.14A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Preservation of beneficial reservations and conditions—intermediate period acts","content":"### sec.14A Preservation of beneficial reservations and conditions—intermediate period acts\n\nThis section applies if—\nan intermediate period act attributable to the State contains a reservation or condition for the benefit of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders; or\nthe doing of an intermediate period act attributable to the State would affect rights or interests, other than native title rights and interests, of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders, whether arising under legislation, at common law or in equity, and whether or not rights of usage.\nDivision 2A does not affect a reservation or condition mentioned in subsection (1) (a) or rights or interests mentioned in subsection (1) (b) .\ns 14A ins 1998 No. 30 s 14\n(sec.14A-ssec.1) This section applies if— an intermediate period act attributable to the State contains a reservation or condition for the benefit of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders; or the doing of an intermediate period act attributable to the State would affect rights or interests, other than native title rights and interests, of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders, whether arising under legislation, at common law or in equity, and whether or not rights of usage.\n(sec.14A-ssec.2) Division 2A does not affect a reservation or condition mentioned in subsection (1) (a) or rights or interests mentioned in subsection (1) (b) .\n- (a) an intermediate period act attributable to the State contains a reservation or condition for the benefit of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders; or\n- (b) the doing of an intermediate period act attributable to the State would affect rights or interests, other than native title rights and interests, of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders, whether arising under legislation, at common law or in equity, and whether or not rights of usage.","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"sec.15","sectionType":"section","heading":"Compensation","content":"### sec.15 Compensation\n\nUnder the Commonwealth Native Title Act , native title holders are, subject to that Act, entitled to compensation because of the validation by this Act of past acts and intermediate period acts attributable to the State.\nThe compensation is payable by the State.\ns 15 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nsub 1998 No. 30 s 15\n(sec.15-ssec.1) Under the Commonwealth Native Title Act , native title holders are, subject to that Act, entitled to compensation because of the validation by this Act of past acts and intermediate period acts attributable to the State.\n(sec.15-ssec.2) The compensation is payable by the State.","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"pt.2-div.4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Validation of certain future acts","content":"## Validation of certain future acts","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"sec.15A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Effect of registration on previous acts covered by indigenous land use agreements ( NTA , s 24EBA (1) and (3))","content":"### sec.15A Effect of registration on previous acts covered by indigenous land use agreements ( NTA , s 24EBA (1) and (3))\n\nThis section applies if—\ndetails are on the Register of Indigenous Land Use Agreements of an agreement that includes a statement to the effect that the parties agree to—\nthe validating of a particular future act (other than an intermediate period act), or future acts (other than intermediate period acts) included in classes, that have already been done invalidly; or\nthe validating, subject to conditions, of a particular future act (other than an intermediate period act), or of future acts (other than intermediate period acts) included in classes, that have already been done invalidly; and\nthe future act or class of acts is attributable to the State; and\nthe State is a party to the agreement; and\nif, under the agreement or otherwise, a person other than the Crown in right of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory is or may become liable to pay compensation in relation to the act or class of acts—that person is a party to the agreement.\nIf this section applies in relation to a future act, the act is valid, and is taken always to have been valid.\nIf this section applies in relation to a class of future acts, all acts included in the class are valid, and are taken always to have been valid.\ns 15A ins 1999 No. 35 s 51\n(sec.15A-ssec.1) This section applies if— details are on the Register of Indigenous Land Use Agreements of an agreement that includes a statement to the effect that the parties agree to— the validating of a particular future act (other than an intermediate period act), or future acts (other than intermediate period acts) included in classes, that have already been done invalidly; or the validating, subject to conditions, of a particular future act (other than an intermediate period act), or of future acts (other than intermediate period acts) included in classes, that have already been done invalidly; and the future act or class of acts is attributable to the State; and the State is a party to the agreement; and if, under the agreement or otherwise, a person other than the Crown in right of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory is or may become liable to pay compensation in relation to the act or class of acts—that person is a party to the agreement.\n(sec.15A-ssec.2) If this section applies in relation to a future act, the act is valid, and is taken always to have been valid.\n(sec.15A-ssec.3) If this section applies in relation to a class of future acts, all acts included in the class are valid, and are taken always to have been valid.\n- (a) details are on the Register of Indigenous Land Use Agreements of an agreement that includes a statement to the effect that the parties agree to— (i) the validating of a particular future act (other than an intermediate period act), or future acts (other than intermediate period acts) included in classes, that have already been done invalidly; or (ii) the validating, subject to conditions, of a particular future act (other than an intermediate period act), or of future acts (other than intermediate period acts) included in classes, that have already been done invalidly; and\n- (i) the validating of a particular future act (other than an intermediate period act), or future acts (other than intermediate period acts) included in classes, that have already been done invalidly; or\n- (ii) the validating, subject to conditions, of a particular future act (other than an intermediate period act), or of future acts (other than intermediate period acts) included in classes, that have already been done invalidly; and\n- (b) the future act or class of acts is attributable to the State; and\n- (c) the State is a party to the agreement; and\n- (d) if, under the agreement or otherwise, a person other than the Crown in right of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory is or may become liable to pay compensation in relation to the act or class of acts—that person is a party to the agreement.\n- (i) the validating of a particular future act (other than an intermediate period act), or future acts (other than intermediate period acts) included in classes, that have already been done invalidly; or\n- (ii) the validating, subject to conditions, of a particular future act (other than an intermediate period act), or of future acts (other than intermediate period acts) included in classes, that have already been done invalidly; and","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"pt.3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Confirmation of certain rights","content":"# Confirmation of certain rights","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"sec.16","sectionType":"section","heading":"Object of part","content":"### sec.16 Object of part\n\nThe object of this part is to confirm, in accordance with section 212 (Confirmation of ownership of natural resources, access to beaches etc.) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act —\nthe ownership of natural resources and certain water and fishing access rights; and\npublic access to and enjoyment of beaches and certain other places.\ns 16 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\n- (a) the ownership of natural resources and certain water and fishing access rights; and\n- (b) public access to and enjoyment of beaches and certain other places.","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"sec.17","sectionType":"section","heading":"Confirmation of ownership of natural resources etc.","content":"### sec.17 Confirmation of ownership of natural resources etc.\n\nThe existing ownership of all natural resources owned by the State is confirmed.\nAll existing rights of the State to use, control and regulate the flow of water are confirmed.\nAll existing fishing access rights under State law are confirmed to prevail over other public or private fishing rights.\nExample 1—Minerals and petroleum\nWith the exception of minerals on certain freehold titles granted between 1860 and 1910, the State owns all minerals (e.g. bauxite, coal and gold) and petroleum in Queensland—see s 8 Mineral Resources Act 1989 and earlier provisions and s 9 Petroleum Act 1923 and s 26 Petroleum and Gas (Production and Safety) Act 2004 . This ownership is confirmed by subsection (1) .\nExample 2—Quarry material\nThe State owns quarry material on certain lands in Queensland, including all Crown lands—see s 45 Forestry Act 1959 . This ownership is confirmed by subsection (1) .\nExample 3—Fauna\nWith limited exceptions, the State owns all indigenous fauna in Queensland—see s 7 Fauna Conservation Act 1974 . This ownership is confirmed by subsection (1) .\ns 17 amd 2004 No. 25 s 1032\n(sec.17-ssec.1) The existing ownership of all natural resources owned by the State is confirmed.\n(sec.17-ssec.2) All existing rights of the State to use, control and regulate the flow of water are confirmed.\n(sec.17-ssec.3) All existing fishing access rights under State law are confirmed to prevail over other public or private fishing rights. Example 1—Minerals and petroleum With the exception of minerals on certain freehold titles granted between 1860 and 1910, the State owns all minerals (e.g. bauxite, coal and gold) and petroleum in Queensland—see s 8 Mineral Resources Act 1989 and earlier provisions and s 9 Petroleum Act 1923 and s 26 Petroleum and Gas (Production and Safety) Act 2004 . This ownership is confirmed by subsection (1) . Example 2—Quarry material The State owns quarry material on certain lands in Queensland, including all Crown lands—see s 45 Forestry Act 1959 . This ownership is confirmed by subsection (1) . Example 3—Fauna With limited exceptions, the State owns all indigenous fauna in Queensland—see s 7 Fauna Conservation Act 1974 . This ownership is confirmed by subsection (1) .","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"sec.18","sectionType":"section","heading":"Confirmation of access to beaches etc.","content":"### sec.18 Confirmation of access to beaches etc.\n\nExisting public access to and enjoyment of the following places is confirmed—\nwaterways;\nbeds and banks or foreshores of waterways;\ncoastal waters;\nbeaches;\nstock routes;\nareas that were public places at the end of 31 December 1993.\ns 18 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1 ; 1998 No. 38 s 15\n- (a) waterways;\n- (b) beds and banks or foreshores of waterways;\n- (c) coastal waters;\n- (d) beaches;\n- (da) stock routes;\n- (e) areas that were public places at the end of 31 December 1993.","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"sec.18A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Effect of confirmation under part","content":"### sec.18A Effect of confirmation under part\n\nUnder section 212 (3) (Confirmation of ownership of natural resources, access to beaches etc.) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act , a confirmation under this part does not extinguish any native title rights and interests and does not affect any conferral of land or waters, or an interest in land or waters, under a law that confers benefits only on Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders.\ns 18A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\namd 1998 No. 30 s 16","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"pt.4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Confirmation of total or partial extinguishment of native title by particular previous acts","content":"# Confirmation of total or partial extinguishment of native title by particular previous acts","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"pt.4-div.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Objects","content":"## Objects","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"sec.19","sectionType":"section","heading":"Objects of pt 4","content":"### sec.19 Objects of pt 4\n\nThe objects of this part are—\nto confirm the total extinguishment of native title by previous exclusive possession acts attributable to the State; and\nFor the authorising provision, see the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 23E (Confirmation of extinguishment of native title by previous exclusive possession acts of State or Territory). For what is a previous exclusive possession act , see the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 23B .\nto confirm the partial extinguishment of native title by previous non-exclusive possession acts attributable to the State.\nFor the authorising provision of the Commonwealth Native Title Act , see the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 23I (Confirmation of partial extinguishment of native title by previous non-exclusive possession acts of State or Territory). For what is a previous non-exclusive possession act , see the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 23F .\ns 19 sub 1998 No. 30 s 17\n- (a) to confirm the total extinguishment of native title by previous exclusive possession acts attributable to the State; and Editor’s note— For the authorising provision, see the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 23E (Confirmation of extinguishment of native title by previous exclusive possession acts of State or Territory). For what is a previous exclusive possession act , see the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 23B .\n- (b) to confirm the partial extinguishment of native title by previous non-exclusive possession acts attributable to the State. Editor’s note— For the authorising provision of the Commonwealth Native Title Act , see the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 23I (Confirmation of partial extinguishment of native title by previous non-exclusive possession acts of State or Territory). For what is a previous non-exclusive possession act , see the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 23F .","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"pt.4-div.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Confirmation of extinguishment or partial extinguishment","content":"## Confirmation of extinguishment or partial extinguishment","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"sec.20","sectionType":"section","heading":"Confirmation of extinguishment of native title by certain acts that are not public works","content":"### sec.20 Confirmation of extinguishment of native title by certain acts that are not public works\n\nThis section applies to an act that is a previous exclusive possession act under section 23B (2) (including because of section  23B (3) ) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act .\nThe act extinguishes native title in relation to the land or waters covered by the freehold estate, Scheduled interest or lease concerned.\nScheduled interest is defined in section 249C of the Commonwealth Native Title Act .\nThe extinguishment is taken to have happened when the act was done.\ns 20 sub 1998 No. 30 s 17\n(sec.20-ssec.1) This section applies to an act that is a previous exclusive possession act under section 23B (2) (including because of section  23B (3) ) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act .\n(sec.20-ssec.2) The act extinguishes native title in relation to the land or waters covered by the freehold estate, Scheduled interest or lease concerned. Scheduled interest is defined in section 249C of the Commonwealth Native Title Act .\n(sec.20-ssec.3) The extinguishment is taken to have happened when the act was done.","sortOrder":41},{"sectionNumber":"sec.21","sectionType":"section","heading":"Confirmation of extinguishment of native title by certain acts that are public works","content":"### sec.21 Confirmation of extinguishment of native title by certain acts that are public works\n\nThis section applies to an act that is a previous exclusive possession act under section 23B (7) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act .\nThe act extinguishes native title in relation to the land or waters on which, on completion of its construction or establishment, the public work concerned was or is situated.\nThe extinguishment is taken to have happened when the construction or establishment of the public work started.\ns 21 sub 1998 No. 30 s 17\n(sec.21-ssec.1) This section applies to an act that is a previous exclusive possession act under section 23B (7) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act .\n(sec.21-ssec.2) The act extinguishes native title in relation to the land or waters on which, on completion of its construction or establishment, the public work concerned was or is situated.\n(sec.21-ssec.3) The extinguishment is taken to have happened when the construction or establishment of the public work started.","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"sec.22","sectionType":"section","heading":"Other extinguishment provisions do not apply","content":"### sec.22 Other extinguishment provisions do not apply\n\nIf section 20 or 21 applies to an act, sections 10 to 13AE do not apply to the act.\ns 22 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nsub 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":43},{"sectionNumber":"sec.23","sectionType":"section","heading":"Confirmation of partial extinguishment of native title by previous non-exclusive possession acts","content":"### sec.23 Confirmation of partial extinguishment of native title by previous non-exclusive possession acts\n\nSubject to subsection (2) , if a previous non-exclusive possession act is attributable to the State—\nto the extent that the act involves the grant of rights and interests that are not inconsistent with native title rights and interests in relation to the land or waters covered by the lease concerned, the rights and interests granted, and the doing of any activity in giving effect to them, prevail over the native title rights and interests but do not extinguish them; and\nto the extent that the act involves the grant of rights and interests that are inconsistent with native title rights and interests in relation to the land or waters covered by the lease concerned—\nif, apart from this Act, the act extinguishes the native title rights and interests—the native title rights and interests are extinguished; and\nin any other case—the native title rights and interests are suspended while the lease concerned, or the lease as renewed, remade, regranted, or extended, is in force; and\nany extinguishment under this subsection is taken to have happened when the act was done.\nThis section does not apply if the act is the grant of a pastoral lease or an agricultural lease to which section 10 applies.\nIf this section applies to an act, sections 10 to 13AE do not apply to the act.\ns 23 sub 1998 No. 30 s 17\n(sec.23-ssec.1) Subject to subsection (2) , if a previous non-exclusive possession act is attributable to the State— to the extent that the act involves the grant of rights and interests that are not inconsistent with native title rights and interests in relation to the land or waters covered by the lease concerned, the rights and interests granted, and the doing of any activity in giving effect to them, prevail over the native title rights and interests but do not extinguish them; and to the extent that the act involves the grant of rights and interests that are inconsistent with native title rights and interests in relation to the land or waters covered by the lease concerned— if, apart from this Act, the act extinguishes the native title rights and interests—the native title rights and interests are extinguished; and in any other case—the native title rights and interests are suspended while the lease concerned, or the lease as renewed, remade, regranted, or extended, is in force; and any extinguishment under this subsection is taken to have happened when the act was done.\n(sec.23-ssec.2) This section does not apply if the act is the grant of a pastoral lease or an agricultural lease to which section 10 applies.\n(sec.23-ssec.3) If this section applies to an act, sections 10 to 13AE do not apply to the act.\n- (a) to the extent that the act involves the grant of rights and interests that are not inconsistent with native title rights and interests in relation to the land or waters covered by the lease concerned, the rights and interests granted, and the doing of any activity in giving effect to them, prevail over the native title rights and interests but do not extinguish them; and\n- (b) to the extent that the act involves the grant of rights and interests that are inconsistent with native title rights and interests in relation to the land or waters covered by the lease concerned— (i) if, apart from this Act, the act extinguishes the native title rights and interests—the native title rights and interests are extinguished; and (ii) in any other case—the native title rights and interests are suspended while the lease concerned, or the lease as renewed, remade, regranted, or extended, is in force; and\n- (i) if, apart from this Act, the act extinguishes the native title rights and interests—the native title rights and interests are extinguished; and\n- (ii) in any other case—the native title rights and interests are suspended while the lease concerned, or the lease as renewed, remade, regranted, or extended, is in force; and\n- (c) any extinguishment under this subsection is taken to have happened when the act was done.\n- (i) if, apart from this Act, the act extinguishes the native title rights and interests—the native title rights and interests are extinguished; and\n- (ii) in any other case—the native title rights and interests are suspended while the lease concerned, or the lease as renewed, remade, regranted, or extended, is in force; and","sortOrder":44},{"sectionNumber":"pt.4-div.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Effect of confirmation of total or partial extinguishment of native title","content":"## Effect of confirmation of total or partial extinguishment of native title","sortOrder":45},{"sectionNumber":"sec.24","sectionType":"section","heading":"Preservation of beneficial reservations and conditions","content":"### sec.24 Preservation of beneficial reservations and conditions\n\nIf—\na previous exclusive possession act attributable to the State contains a reservation or condition for the benefit of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders; or\nthe doing of a previous exclusive possession act attributable to the State would affect rights or interests, other than native title rights and interests, of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders, whether arising under legislation, at common law or in equity and whether or not rights of usage;\nneither section 20 or 21 affects the reservation or condition or the rights or interests.\nIf—\na previous non-exclusive possession act attributable to the State contains a reservation or condition for the benefit of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders; or\nthe doing of a previous non-exclusive possession act attributable to the State would affect rights or interests, other than native title rights and interests, of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders, whether arising under legislation, at common law or in equity and whether or not rights of usage;\nsection 23 does not affect the reservation or condition or the rights or interests.\ns 24 sub 1998 No. 30 s 17\n(sec.24-ssec.1) If— a previous exclusive possession act attributable to the State contains a reservation or condition for the benefit of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders; or the doing of a previous exclusive possession act attributable to the State would affect rights or interests, other than native title rights and interests, of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders, whether arising under legislation, at common law or in equity and whether or not rights of usage; neither section 20 or 21 affects the reservation or condition or the rights or interests.\n(sec.24-ssec.2) If— a previous non-exclusive possession act attributable to the State contains a reservation or condition for the benefit of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders; or the doing of a previous non-exclusive possession act attributable to the State would affect rights or interests, other than native title rights and interests, of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders, whether arising under legislation, at common law or in equity and whether or not rights of usage; section 23 does not affect the reservation or condition or the rights or interests.\n- (a) a previous exclusive possession act attributable to the State contains a reservation or condition for the benefit of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders; or\n- (b) the doing of a previous exclusive possession act attributable to the State would affect rights or interests, other than native title rights and interests, of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders, whether arising under legislation, at common law or in equity and whether or not rights of usage;\n- (a) a previous non-exclusive possession act attributable to the State contains a reservation or condition for the benefit of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders; or\n- (b) the doing of a previous non-exclusive possession act attributable to the State would affect rights or interests, other than native title rights and interests, of Aboriginal peoples or Torres Strait Islanders, whether arising under legislation, at common law or in equity and whether or not rights of usage;","sortOrder":46},{"sectionNumber":"sec.25","sectionType":"section","heading":"Confirmation of validity of use of certain land held by State etc.","content":"### sec.25 Confirmation of validity of use of certain land held by State etc.\n\nTo remove doubt, it is declared that if an act is a previous exclusive possession act because of section 23B (9C) (b) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act , the use of the land or waters concerned as mentioned in that paragraph is valid.\nFor the authorising provision, see the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 23E (Confirmation of extinguishment of native title by previous exclusive possession acts of State or Territory).\ns 25 sub 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":47},{"sectionNumber":"sec.26","sectionType":"section","heading":"Notification","content":"### sec.26 Notification\n\nFor a previous non-exclusive possession act to which section 23F (3) (c) (ii) of the Commonwealth Native Title Act applies—\nnotice must be given, in the way decided in writing by the Commonwealth Minister, to any representative Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander bodies, registered native title bodies corporate and registered native title claimants in relation to the land or waters that will be affected by the act about the doing or proposed doing of the act, or acts of that class, in relation to the land or waters concerned; and\nthe persons given notice must be given an opportunity to comment on the act or class of acts.\nFor the authorising provision see the Commonwealth Native Title Act , section 23I (Confirmation of partial extinguishment of native title by previous non-exclusive possession acts of State or Territory).\ns 26 sub 1998 No. 30 s 17\n- (a) notice must be given, in the way decided in writing by the Commonwealth Minister, to any representative Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander bodies, registered native title bodies corporate and registered native title claimants in relation to the land or waters that will be affected by the act about the doing or proposed doing of the act, or acts of that class, in relation to the land or waters concerned; and\n- (b) the persons given notice must be given an opportunity to comment on the act or class of acts.","sortOrder":48},{"sectionNumber":"sec.27","sectionType":"section","heading":"Compensation","content":"### sec.27 Compensation\n\nUnder the Commonwealth Native Title Act , native title holders are, subject to that Act, entitled to compensation for any extinguishment under this part of their native title rights and interests.\nHowever, the native title holders are entitled to compensation only to the extent, if any, that the native title rights and interests were not extinguished otherwise than under this Act.\nThe compensation is payable by the State.\ns 27 sub 1998 No. 30 s 17\n(sec.27-ssec.1) Under the Commonwealth Native Title Act , native title holders are, subject to that Act, entitled to compensation for any extinguishment under this part of their native title rights and interests.\n(sec.27-ssec.2) However, the native title holders are entitled to compensation only to the extent, if any, that the native title rights and interests were not extinguished otherwise than under this Act.\n(sec.27-ssec.3) The compensation is payable by the State.","sortOrder":49},{"sectionNumber":"pt.6","sectionType":"part","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":50},{"sectionNumber":"sec.28","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.28\n\ns 28 sub 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":51},{"sectionNumber":"pt.7","sectionType":"part","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":52},{"sectionNumber":"pt.7-div.1","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":53},{"sectionNumber":"sec.29","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.29\n\ns 29 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch s 1 – 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":54},{"sectionNumber":"sec.30","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.30\n\ns 30 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":55},{"sectionNumber":"sec.31","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.31\n\ns 31 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":56},{"sectionNumber":"sec.32","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.32\n\ns 32 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":57},{"sectionNumber":"sec.33","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.33\n\ns 33 sub 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":58},{"sectionNumber":"sec.33A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.33A\n\ns 33A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":59},{"sectionNumber":"sec.34","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.34\n\ns 34 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":60},{"sectionNumber":"sec.35","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.35\n\ns 35 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch s 1 – 2 ; 1995 No. 30 s 3\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":61},{"sectionNumber":"sec.36","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.36\n\ns 36 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1 ; 1995 No. 30 s 2 sch\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":62},{"sectionNumber":"sec.37","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.37\n\ns 37 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":63},{"sectionNumber":"sec.38","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.38\n\ns 38 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":64},{"sectionNumber":"sec.39","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.39\n\ns 39 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":65},{"sectionNumber":"sec.40","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.40\n\ns 40 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":66},{"sectionNumber":"sec.41","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.41\n\ns 41 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":67},{"sectionNumber":"sec.42","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.42\n\ns 42 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":68},{"sectionNumber":"sec.43","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.43\n\ns 43 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":69},{"sectionNumber":"pt.7-div.2","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":70},{"sectionNumber":"sec.44","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.44\n\ns 44 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch s 1 – 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":71},{"sectionNumber":"sec.45","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.45\n\ns 45 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":72},{"sectionNumber":"sec.46","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.46\n\ns 46 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":73},{"sectionNumber":"sec.47","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.47\n\ns 47 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":74},{"sectionNumber":"sec.47A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.47A\n\ns 47A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":75},{"sectionNumber":"pt.7-div.3","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":76},{"sectionNumber":"sec.48","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.48\n\ns 48 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":77},{"sectionNumber":"sec.49","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.49\n\ns 49 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":78},{"sectionNumber":"pt.8","sectionType":"part","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":79},{"sectionNumber":"pt.8-div.1","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":80},{"sectionNumber":"sec.50","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.50\n\ns 50 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":81},{"sectionNumber":"sec.51","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.51\n\ns 51 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":82},{"sectionNumber":"pt.8-div.2","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":83},{"sectionNumber":"sec.52","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.52\n\ns 52 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":84},{"sectionNumber":"sec.53","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.53\n\ns 53 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":85},{"sectionNumber":"sec.54","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.54\n\ns 54 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":86},{"sectionNumber":"sec.55","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.55\n\ns 55 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":87},{"sectionNumber":"sec.56","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.56\n\ns 56 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":88},{"sectionNumber":"sec.57","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.57\n\ns 57 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":89},{"sectionNumber":"sec.58","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.58\n\ns 58 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":90},{"sectionNumber":"sec.59","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.59\n\ns 59 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":91},{"sectionNumber":"sec.60","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.60\n\ns 60 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":92},{"sectionNumber":"sec.61","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.61\n\ns 61 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":93},{"sectionNumber":"sec.61A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.61A\n\ns 61A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":94},{"sectionNumber":"sec.61B","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.61B\n\ns 61B ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":95},{"sectionNumber":"pt.8-div.3","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":96},{"sectionNumber":"sec.62","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.62\n\ns 62 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":97},{"sectionNumber":"sec.63","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.63\n\ns 63 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":98},{"sectionNumber":"sec.64","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.64\n\ns 64 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":99},{"sectionNumber":"sec.65","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.65\n\ns 65 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":100},{"sectionNumber":"sec.66","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.66\n\ns 66 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":101},{"sectionNumber":"sec.67","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.67\n\ns 67 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":102},{"sectionNumber":"sec.68","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.68\n\ns 68 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":103},{"sectionNumber":"sec.69","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.69\n\ns 69 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":104},{"sectionNumber":"sec.70","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.70\n\ns 70 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":105},{"sectionNumber":"sec.71","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.71\n\ns 71 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":106},{"sectionNumber":"pt.8-div.4","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":107},{"sectionNumber":"sec.72","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.72\n\ns 72 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":108},{"sectionNumber":"sec.73","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.73\n\ns 73 sub 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":109},{"sectionNumber":"sec.74","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.74\n\ns 74 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch s 1 – 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":110},{"sectionNumber":"sec.75","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.75\n\ns 75 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":111},{"sectionNumber":"sec.76","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.76\n\ns 76 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":112},{"sectionNumber":"sec.77","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.77\n\ns 77 sub 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":113},{"sectionNumber":"pt.8-div.5","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":114},{"sectionNumber":"sec.78","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.78\n\ns 78 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":115},{"sectionNumber":"sec.79","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.79\n\ns 79 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":116},{"sectionNumber":"sec.80","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.80\n\ns 80 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":117},{"sectionNumber":"pt.8-div.6","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":118},{"sectionNumber":"sec.81","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.81\n\ns 81 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":119},{"sectionNumber":"sec.82","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.82\n\ns 82 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":120},{"sectionNumber":"sec.83","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.83\n\ns 83 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":121},{"sectionNumber":"sec.84","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.84\n\ns 84 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":122},{"sectionNumber":"sec.85","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.85\n\ns 85 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":123},{"sectionNumber":"sec.86","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.86\n\ns 86 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":124},{"sectionNumber":"pt.8-div.7","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":125},{"sectionNumber":"sec.87","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.87\n\ns 87 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":126},{"sectionNumber":"sec.88","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.88\n\ns 88 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":127},{"sectionNumber":"sec.89","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.89\n\ns 89 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":128},{"sectionNumber":"sec.90","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.90\n\ns 90 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":129},{"sectionNumber":"sec.91","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.91\n\ns 91 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":130},{"sectionNumber":"pt.9","sectionType":"part","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":131},{"sectionNumber":"pt.9-div.1","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":132},{"sectionNumber":"sec.92","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.92\n\ns 92 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":133},{"sectionNumber":"sec.93","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.93\n\ns 93 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":134},{"sectionNumber":"sec.94","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.94\n\ns 94 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":135},{"sectionNumber":"sec.95","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.95\n\ns 95 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":136},{"sectionNumber":"sec.96","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.96\n\ns 96 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":137},{"sectionNumber":"sec.97","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.97\n\ns 97 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":138},{"sectionNumber":"pt.9-div.2","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":139},{"sectionNumber":"sec.98","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.98\n\ns 98 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":140},{"sectionNumber":"sec.99","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.99\n\ns 99 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":141},{"sectionNumber":"sec.100","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.100\n\ns 100 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":142},{"sectionNumber":"sec.101","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.101\n\ns 101 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":143},{"sectionNumber":"pt.9-div.3","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":144},{"sectionNumber":"sec.102","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.102\n\ns 102 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":145},{"sectionNumber":"sec.103","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.103\n\ns 103 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":146},{"sectionNumber":"sec.104","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.104\n\ns 104 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":147},{"sectionNumber":"sec.105","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.105\n\ns 105 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":148},{"sectionNumber":"sec.106","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.106\n\ns 106 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":149},{"sectionNumber":"sec.107","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.107\n\ns 107 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":150},{"sectionNumber":"sec.108","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.108\n\ns 108 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":151},{"sectionNumber":"pt.9-div.4","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":152},{"sectionNumber":"sec.109","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.109\n\ns 109 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":153},{"sectionNumber":"sec.110","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.110\n\ns 110 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":154},{"sectionNumber":"sec.111","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.111\n\ns 111 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":155},{"sectionNumber":"sec.112","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.112\n\ns 112 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":156},{"sectionNumber":"sec.113","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.113\n\ns 113 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":157},{"sectionNumber":"pt.9-div.5","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":158},{"sectionNumber":"sec.114","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.114\n\ns 114 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":159},{"sectionNumber":"sec.115","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.115\n\ns 115 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":160},{"sectionNumber":"sec.116","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.116\n\ns 116 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":161},{"sectionNumber":"sec.117","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.117\n\ns 117 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":162},{"sectionNumber":"sec.118","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.118\n\ns 118 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":163},{"sectionNumber":"sec.119","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.119\n\ns 119 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":164},{"sectionNumber":"sec.120","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.120\n\ns 120 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":165},{"sectionNumber":"sec.121","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.121\n\ns 121 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":166},{"sectionNumber":"pt.9-div.6","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":167},{"sectionNumber":"sec.122","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.122\n\ns 122 sub 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2 (amd 1995 No. 57 s 4 sch 2 )\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":168},{"sectionNumber":"sec.123","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.123\n\ns 123 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":169},{"sectionNumber":"sec.124","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.124\n\ns 124 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":170},{"sectionNumber":"sec.125","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.125\n\ns 125 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":171},{"sectionNumber":"sec.126","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.126\n\ns 126 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":172},{"sectionNumber":"sec.127","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.127\n\ns 127 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":173},{"sectionNumber":"sec.128","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.128\n\ns 128 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":174},{"sectionNumber":"sec.129","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.129\n\ns 129 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":175},{"sectionNumber":"sec.130","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.130\n\ns 130 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":176},{"sectionNumber":"pt.9-div.7","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":177},{"sectionNumber":"sec.131","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.131\n\ns 131 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":178},{"sectionNumber":"sec.132","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.132\n\ns 132 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":179},{"sectionNumber":"sec.133","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.133\n\ns 133 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":180},{"sectionNumber":"sec.134","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.134\n\ns 134 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":181},{"sectionNumber":"pt.10","sectionType":"part","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":182},{"sectionNumber":"sec.135","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.135\n\ns 135 amd 1995 No. 30 s 2 sch\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":183},{"sectionNumber":"sec.136","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.136\n\ns 136 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":184},{"sectionNumber":"sec.137","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.137\n\ns 137 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch s 1 – 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":185},{"sectionNumber":"sec.138","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.138\n\ns 138 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":186},{"sectionNumber":"sec.139","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.139\n\ns 139 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":187},{"sectionNumber":"sec.140","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.140\n\ns 140 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":188},{"sectionNumber":"sec.141","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.141\n\ns 141 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":189},{"sectionNumber":"sec.142","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.142\n\ns 142 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":190},{"sectionNumber":"sec.143","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.143\n\ns 143 om 1998 No. 30 s 17","sortOrder":191},{"sectionNumber":"pt.11","sectionType":"part","heading":"Miscellaneous","content":"# Miscellaneous","sortOrder":192},{"sectionNumber":"sec.144","sectionType":"section","heading":"Compulsory acquisition of native title","content":"### sec.144 Compulsory acquisition of native title\n\nThe power of compulsory acquisition under a compulsory acquisition Act includes—\npower to compulsorily acquire, for the purposes of the compulsory acquisition Act, native title rights and interests in relation to any land or waters; and\nif native title rights and interests are compulsorily acquired in relation to land or waters, power to compulsorily acquire at the same time any non-native title rights and interests in relation to the land or waters.\nTo remove any doubt, it is declared that—\nnative title rights and interests in relation to any land may be acquired under a compulsory acquisition Act even though the Act would not otherwise apply to the land; and\nall non-native title rights and interests in relation to the land may be acquired in accordance with subsection (1) (b) under a compulsory acquisition Act even though the Act would not otherwise apply to the land.\nAs a result of the operation of subsection (2) (a) , native title rights and interests in relation to unallocated State land under the Land Act 1994 may be acquired under the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 even though the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 would not otherwise apply to the unallocated State land.\nAs a result of the operation of subsection (2) (b) , if native title rights and interests in relation to particular unallocated State land are acquired under the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 , all non-native title rights and interests in relation to that unallocated State land may also be acquired at the same time under the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 even though the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 would not otherwise apply to the unallocated State land.\nSubsection (2) does not limit subsection (1) .\nSubsections (3B) and (3C) apply if—\nnative title rights and interests in relation to land or waters are acquired under a compulsory acquisition Act; and\nthe holders of the rights and interests are entitled to compensation under the Commonwealth Native Title Act for the acquisition.\nIf the person who acquires the rights and interests is not the State, that person is liable to pay the compensation.\nHowever, the State is liable to pay the compensation if, when the compensation is required to be paid, it is not reasonably practicable for the holders to otherwise recover the compensation.\nSee the Native Title Act 1993 (Cwlth) , section 24MD (4) (b) (i) in relation to the recovery of compensation.\nIn this section—\ncompulsory acquisition Act means an Act, other than the Land Act 1994 , providing for compulsory acquisition in relation to land or waters, including, for example, any of the following—\nAcquisition of Land Act 1967\nElectricity Act 1994\nPetroleum and Gas (Production and Safety) Act 2004\nState Development and Public Works Organisation Act 1971\nTransport Planning and Coordination Act 1994.\ns 144 sub 1998 No. 30 s 18\namd 2000 No. 36 s 16 ; 2004 No. 25 s 1033 ; 2008 No. 29 s 72 ; 2014 No. 29 s 118\n(sec.144-ssec.1) The power of compulsory acquisition under a compulsory acquisition Act includes— power to compulsorily acquire, for the purposes of the compulsory acquisition Act, native title rights and interests in relation to any land or waters; and if native title rights and interests are compulsorily acquired in relation to land or waters, power to compulsorily acquire at the same time any non-native title rights and interests in relation to the land or waters.\n(sec.144-ssec.2) To remove any doubt, it is declared that— native title rights and interests in relation to any land may be acquired under a compulsory acquisition Act even though the Act would not otherwise apply to the land; and all non-native title rights and interests in relation to the land may be acquired in accordance with subsection (1) (b) under a compulsory acquisition Act even though the Act would not otherwise apply to the land. As a result of the operation of subsection (2) (a) , native title rights and interests in relation to unallocated State land under the Land Act 1994 may be acquired under the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 even though the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 would not otherwise apply to the unallocated State land. As a result of the operation of subsection (2) (b) , if native title rights and interests in relation to particular unallocated State land are acquired under the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 , all non-native title rights and interests in relation to that unallocated State land may also be acquired at the same time under the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 even though the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 would not otherwise apply to the unallocated State land.\n(sec.144-ssec.3) Subsection (2) does not limit subsection (1) .\n(sec.144-ssec.3A) Subsections (3B) and (3C) apply if— native title rights and interests in relation to land or waters are acquired under a compulsory acquisition Act; and the holders of the rights and interests are entitled to compensation under the Commonwealth Native Title Act for the acquisition.\n(sec.144-ssec.3B) If the person who acquires the rights and interests is not the State, that person is liable to pay the compensation.\n(sec.144-ssec.3C) However, the State is liable to pay the compensation if, when the compensation is required to be paid, it is not reasonably practicable for the holders to otherwise recover the compensation. See the Native Title Act 1993 (Cwlth) , section 24MD (4) (b) (i) in relation to the recovery of compensation.\n(sec.144-ssec.4) In this section— compulsory acquisition Act means an Act, other than the Land Act 1994 , providing for compulsory acquisition in relation to land or waters, including, for example, any of the following— Acquisition of Land Act 1967 Electricity Act 1994 Petroleum and Gas (Production and Safety) Act 2004 State Development and Public Works Organisation Act 1971 Transport Planning and Coordination Act 1994.\n- (a) power to compulsorily acquire, for the purposes of the compulsory acquisition Act, native title rights and interests in relation to any land or waters; and\n- (b) if native title rights and interests are compulsorily acquired in relation to land or waters, power to compulsorily acquire at the same time any non-native title rights and interests in relation to the land or waters.\n- (a) native title rights and interests in relation to any land may be acquired under a compulsory acquisition Act even though the Act would not otherwise apply to the land; and\n- (b) all non-native title rights and interests in relation to the land may be acquired in accordance with subsection (1) (b) under a compulsory acquisition Act even though the Act would not otherwise apply to the land.\n- 1 As a result of the operation of subsection (2) (a) , native title rights and interests in relation to unallocated State land under the Land Act 1994 may be acquired under the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 even though the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 would not otherwise apply to the unallocated State land.\n- 2 As a result of the operation of subsection (2) (b) , if native title rights and interests in relation to particular unallocated State land are acquired under the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 , all non-native title rights and interests in relation to that unallocated State land may also be acquired at the same time under the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 even though the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 would not otherwise apply to the unallocated State land.\n- (a) native title rights and interests in relation to land or waters are acquired under a compulsory acquisition Act; and\n- (b) the holders of the rights and interests are entitled to compensation under the Commonwealth Native Title Act for the acquisition.\n- • Acquisition of Land Act 1967\n- • Electricity Act 1994\n- • Petroleum and Gas (Production and Safety) Act 2004\n- • State Development and Public Works Organisation Act 1971\n- • Transport Planning and Coordination Act 1994.","sortOrder":193},{"sectionNumber":"sec.144A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.144A\n\ns 144A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 18","sortOrder":194},{"sectionNumber":"sec.144B","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.144B\n\ns 144B ins 1994 No. 61 s 3\nom 1998 No. 30 s 18","sortOrder":195},{"sectionNumber":"sec.145","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regulation-making power","content":"### sec.145 Regulation-making power\n\nThe Governor in Council may make regulations under this Act.","sortOrder":196},{"sectionNumber":"sec.146","sectionType":"section","heading":"Section headings— Commonwealth Native Title Act","content":"### sec.146 Section headings— Commonwealth Native Title Act\n\nA reference in a section heading to a provision of the Commonwealth Native Title Act does not form part of this Act.\ns 146 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nsub 1998 No. 38 s 16","sortOrder":197},{"sectionNumber":"sec.146A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.146A\n\ns 146A ins 1998 No. 38 s 16\nom 2000 No. 36 s 18 sch 1","sortOrder":198},{"sectionNumber":"pt.12","sectionType":"part","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":199},{"sectionNumber":"pt.12-div.1","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":200},{"sectionNumber":"sec.147","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.147\n\ns 147 om 2000 No. 36 s 17","sortOrder":201},{"sectionNumber":"pt.12-div.2","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":202},{"sectionNumber":"sec.148","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.148\n\ns 148 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch s 1 – 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 19","sortOrder":203},{"sectionNumber":"sec.149","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.149\n\ns 149 sub 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 19","sortOrder":204},{"sectionNumber":"sec.150","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.150\n\ns 150 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch s 1 – 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 19","sortOrder":205},{"sectionNumber":"sec.151","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.151\n\ns 151 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 19","sortOrder":206},{"sectionNumber":"pt.12-div.3","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":207},{"sectionNumber":"sec.152","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.152\n\ns 152 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 2000 No. 36 s 17","sortOrder":208},{"sectionNumber":"sec.153","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.153\n\ns 153 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch s 1 – 2 ; 1999 No. 7 s 87 sch 3\nom 2000 No. 36 s 17","sortOrder":209},{"sectionNumber":"pt.12-div.4","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":210},{"sectionNumber":"sec.154","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.154\n\ns 154 om 2000 No. 36 s 17","sortOrder":211},{"sectionNumber":"sec.155","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.155\n\ns 155 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 2000 No. 36 s 17","sortOrder":212},{"sectionNumber":"sec.156","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.156\n\ns 156 amd 1997 No. 9 s 46\nom 2000 No. 36 s 17","sortOrder":213},{"sectionNumber":"pt.13","sectionType":"part","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":214},{"sectionNumber":"pt.13-div.1","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":215},{"sectionNumber":"sec.157","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.157\n\ns 157 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":216},{"sectionNumber":"sec.158","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.158\n\ns 158 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":217},{"sectionNumber":"sec.159","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.159\n\ns 159 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":218},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160\n\ns 160 sub 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":219},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160A\n\ns 160A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":220},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160B","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160B\n\ns 160B ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":221},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160C","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160C\n\ns 160C ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":222},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160D","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160D\n\ns 160D ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":223},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160E","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160E\n\ns 160E ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":224},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160F","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160F\n\ns 160F ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":225},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160G","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160G\n\ns 160G ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":226},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160H","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160H\n\ns 160H ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":227},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160I","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160I\n\ns 160I ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":228},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160J","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160J\n\ns 160J ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":229},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160K","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160K\n\ns 160K ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":230},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160L","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160L\n\ns 160L ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":231},{"sectionNumber":"sec.160M","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.160M\n\ns 160M ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":232},{"sectionNumber":"sec.161","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.161\n\ns 161 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":233},{"sectionNumber":"sec.161A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.161A\n\ns 161A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":234},{"sectionNumber":"sec.161B","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.161B\n\ns 161B ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":235},{"sectionNumber":"sec.161C","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.161C\n\ns 161C ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":236},{"sectionNumber":"sec.161D","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.161D\n\ns 161D ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":237},{"sectionNumber":"sec.161E","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.161E\n\ns 161E ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":238},{"sectionNumber":"sec.161F","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.161F\n\ns 161F ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":239},{"sectionNumber":"sec.161G","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.161G\n\ns 161G ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":240},{"sectionNumber":"sec.162","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.162\n\ns 162 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":241},{"sectionNumber":"sec.162A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.162A\n\ns 162A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":242},{"sectionNumber":"sec.162B","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.162B\n\ns 162B ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":243},{"sectionNumber":"sec.162C","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.162C\n\ns 162C ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":244},{"sectionNumber":"sec.162D","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.162D\n\ns 162D ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":245},{"sectionNumber":"sec.162E","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.162E\n\ns 162E ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":246},{"sectionNumber":"sec.163","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.163\n\ns 163 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":247},{"sectionNumber":"sec.163A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.163A\n\ns 163A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":248},{"sectionNumber":"sec.164","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.164\n\ns 164 sub 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":249},{"sectionNumber":"sec.164A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.164A\n\ns 164A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":250},{"sectionNumber":"sec.164B","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.164B\n\ns 164B ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":251},{"sectionNumber":"sec.164C","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.164C\n\ns 164C ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":252},{"sectionNumber":"sec.164D","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.164D\n\ns 164D ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":253},{"sectionNumber":"pt.13-div.2","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":254},{"sectionNumber":"sec.165","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.165\n\ns 165 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":255},{"sectionNumber":"sec.166","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.166\n\ns 166 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":256},{"sectionNumber":"sec.167","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.167\n\ns 167 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":257},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168\n\ns 168 sub 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":258},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168A\n\ns 168A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":259},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168B","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168B\n\ns 168B ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":260},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168C","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168C\n\ns 168C ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":261},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168D","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168D\n\ns 168D ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":262},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168E","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168E\n\ns 168E ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":263},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168F","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168F\n\ns 168F ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":264},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168G","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168G\n\ns 168G ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":265},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168H","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168H\n\ns 168H ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":266},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168I","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168I\n\ns 168I ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":267},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168J","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168J\n\ns 168J ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":268},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168K","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168K\n\ns 168K ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":269},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168L","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168L\n\ns 168L ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":270},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168M","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168M\n\ns 168M ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":271},{"sectionNumber":"sec.168N","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.168N\n\ns 168N ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":272},{"sectionNumber":"sec.169","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.169\n\ns 169 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":273},{"sectionNumber":"sec.169A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.169A\n\ns 169A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":274},{"sectionNumber":"sec.169B","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.169B\n\ns 169B ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":275},{"sectionNumber":"sec.169C","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.169C\n\ns 169C ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":276},{"sectionNumber":"sec.169D","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.169D\n\ns 169D ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":277},{"sectionNumber":"sec.169E","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.169E\n\ns 169E ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":278},{"sectionNumber":"sec.169F","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.169F\n\ns 169F ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":279},{"sectionNumber":"sec.169G","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.169G\n\ns 169G ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":280},{"sectionNumber":"sec.170","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.170\n\ns 170 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":281},{"sectionNumber":"sec.170A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.170A\n\ns 170A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":282},{"sectionNumber":"sec.170B","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.170B\n\ns 170B ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":283},{"sectionNumber":"sec.170C","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.170C\n\ns 170C ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":284},{"sectionNumber":"sec.170D","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.170D\n\ns 170D ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":285},{"sectionNumber":"sec.170E","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.170E\n\ns 170E ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":286},{"sectionNumber":"sec.171","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.171\n\ns 171 amd 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":287},{"sectionNumber":"sec.171A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.171A\n\ns 171A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":288},{"sectionNumber":"sec.172","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.172\n\ns 172 sub 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":289},{"sectionNumber":"sec.172A","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.172A\n\ns 172A ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":290},{"sectionNumber":"sec.172B","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.172B\n\ns 172B ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":291},{"sectionNumber":"sec.172C","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.172C\n\ns 172C ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":292},{"sectionNumber":"sec.172D","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.172D\n\ns 172D ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":293},{"sectionNumber":"pt.13-div.3","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":294},{"sectionNumber":"sec.173","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.173\n\ns 173 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":295},{"sectionNumber":"sec.174","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.174\n\ns 174 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":296},{"sectionNumber":"sec.175","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.175\n\ns 175 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":297},{"sectionNumber":"sec.176","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.176\n\ns 176 sub 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":298},{"sectionNumber":"pt.13-div.4","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":299},{"sectionNumber":"sec.177","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.177\n\ns 177 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":300},{"sectionNumber":"sec.178","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.178\n\ns 178 sub 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 1\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":301},{"sectionNumber":"sec.179","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.179\n\ns 179 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":302},{"sectionNumber":"pt.13-div.5","sectionType":"division","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":303},{"sectionNumber":"sec.180","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.180\n\ns 180 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":304},{"sectionNumber":"sec.181","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.181\n\ns 181 om 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":305},{"sectionNumber":"pt.14","sectionType":"part","heading":null,"content":"","sortOrder":306},{"sectionNumber":"sec.182","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.182\n\ns 182 ins 1994 No. 61 s 2 sch 2\nom 1998 No. 30 s 20","sortOrder":307}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"source":"grok-batch-everything"},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":8,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act was originally focused on validating past acts attributable to the State under s.19 of the Commonwealth Act following Mabo. The 1998 amendments (No. 30) substantially expanded its scope to validate intermediate period acts (post-Wik), add detailed confirmation of total and partial extinguishment by previous exclusive/non-exclusive possession acts (Part 4), incorporate effects of registered ILUAs under s.24EBA, and broaden compulsory acquisition powers, moving well beyond the initial validation purpose into comprehensive extinguishment confirmation and resource ownership rules."},"complexity_factors":["Heavy cross-referencing to over 20 defined terms and provisions in the Commonwealth Native Title Act 1993 (e.g. ss.226, 228, 229-232E, 238, 239, 23B, 23F, 24EBA)","Layered categories of acts (A, B, C, D for both past and intermediate period acts) with differing extinguishment, non-extinguishment, and notification outcomes","Extensive amendment history with dozens of sections inserted, substituted, or omitted in 1994, 1998, and later years, plus retrospective commencement rules in s.2","Nested exceptions, preservation clauses (e.g. ss.13A, 14, 14A, 18A, 24), and conditional application rules across Parts 2, 3 and 4","Interaction between validation, confirmation, compulsory acquisition (s.144), and registered indigenous land use agreements"],"plain_english_summary":"**The Native Title (Queensland) Act 1993** makes Queensland laws line up with the federal Native Title Act. It validates old government actions (called 'past acts' and 'intermediate period acts') that might otherwise have been invalid because they affected native title rights held by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. These actions include granting freehold titles, leases for farming or mining, and building public works like roads. The Act explains when native title is completely wiped out (extinguished), partially wiped out, or simply put on hold. It also confirms that the Queensland government owns minerals, petroleum, water flows, and certain public access rights (such as to beaches and stock routes), without automatically destroying native title. Compensation rules are set for affected native title holders, and the State is usually the one who pays. It applies across Queensland to governments, miners, pastoralists, and Indigenous groups, giving legal certainty for land use while preserving some beneficial rights for Indigenous peoples (like special reservations in old grants)."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":8,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act originally aimed to validate past acts and confirm state rights, but was later expanded to validate intermediate period acts (1998 amendment), confirm extinguishment of native title by previous exclusive/non-exclusive possession acts (Part 4 added), and allow validation of future acts via indigenous land use agreements (section 15A). These additions go beyond the initial scope of simply validating past acts and confirming ownership."},"complexity_factors":["Heavy cross-referencing to the Commonwealth Native Title Act (e.g., sections 229, 232A, 238)","Multiple categories of past acts (A, B, C, D) and intermediate period acts with different legal effects","Over 100 sections have been omitted or repealed, indicating significant amendment history","Defined terms like 'past act', 'intermediate period act', 'previous exclusive possession act' with definitions imported from Commonwealth Act","Conditional logic with exceptions (e.g., sections 13AE, 23(2), 5(3))","Nested divisions and parts with overlapping applicability rules (e.g., section 22 prevents double application)"],"plain_english_summary":"This Queensland law works alongside the federal Native Title Act. It does three main things:\n\n- **Validates past government actions**: It makes sure that things the Queensland government did before (like granting land leases or building public works) that might have been invalid because they didn't properly consider native title are now legally valid. This includes actions taken between 1994 and 1998 (called 'intermediate period acts').\n- **Confirms state ownership and public access**: It confirms that the state owns natural resources (minerals, water, fish), and that the public can still access beaches, waterways, and stock routes.\n- **Confirms when native title is cancelled**: It sets out rules for when previous government actions completely or partly cancel native title rights, depending on the type of act (e.g., freehold grants cancel native title, while mining leases only suspend it).\n\nCompensation is available for native title holders if their rights are affected, paid by the state."},"summary":{"complexity_score":8,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act's original scope was considerably broader — it initially contained its own detailed procedural machinery including a Land Tribunal, registration system, mediation processes, right-to-negotiate procedures, and extensive amendment provisions for the Aboriginal Land Act 1991 and Torres Strait Islander Land Act 1991. The 1998 amendments (No. 30) stripped out the bulk of this procedural machinery (over 100 sections were omitted), narrowing the Act's focus to its core functions: validation of past and intermediate period acts, confirmation of extinguishment, confirmation of natural resource rights, and compulsory acquisition. The Act shifted from a standalone procedural framework to primarily a validation and confirmation instrument that defers to Commonwealth machinery."},"complexity_factors":["Operates as a mirror/companion statute to the Commonwealth Native Title Act 1993, requiring constant cross-referencing between two legislative frameworks","Multiple temporal categories of government acts (past acts, intermediate period acts, future acts) with different legal consequences, each further divided into sub-categories (A, B, C, D) with different extinguishment effects","Highly technical property law concepts — extinguishment, non-extinguishment principle, suspension, native title rights and interests — that interact in nuanced ways","Extensive legislative amendment history: numerous sections inserted and then later omitted across multiple amendment Acts (1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2014), making the current operative text difficult to navigate","Retrospective legal operation — provisions are taken to have 'always been valid' from historical dates, creating complex backward-looking legal effects","Interplay between native title rights and other non-native title rights of Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander peoples (statutory, common law, equitable) preserved by separate provisions","Compensation framework depends on the Commonwealth Act and varies by category of act and nature of extinguishment","Indigenous Land Use Agreements (ILUAs) add another layer of validation pathways for future acts","Compulsory acquisition provisions interact with multiple other Queensland Acts (Acquisition of Land Act 1967, Electricity Act 1994, Petroleum and Gas Act, etc.)","Many originally substantial sections have been omitted, leaving a skeletal Act that can only be properly understood alongside its amendment history and the Commonwealth Act"],"plain_english_summary":"## Native Title (Queensland) Act 1993 — What It Does and Who It Affects\n\n### The Big Picture\nThis Queensland law works alongside the federal *Native Title Act 1993* (the Commonwealth law) to manage **native title** — that is, the legal recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' traditional rights and interests in land and waters that have existed since before European settlement.\n\nThe Queensland Act does three main things:\n\n---\n\n### 1. Validates Past and Intermediate Period Government Actions\n\nWhen the High Court's landmark *Mabo* decision (1992) recognised native title, it created a problem: many things the Queensland government had done with land over the decades — like granting farming leases, mining licences, and building public infrastructure — may have been legally invalid because they hadn't properly considered native title.\n\nThis Act **retroactively validates** (makes legally valid, even going back in time) those past government actions — called **\"past acts\"** (things done before 1 January 1994) and **\"intermediate period acts\"** (things done between 1 January 1994 and when the law was updated).\n\n**What does this mean for native title holders?**\n- Some of those past actions **completely wiped out** (extinguished) native title — for example, freehold land grants (where someone owns land outright), certain commercial and agricultural leases, and public works like roads and buildings.\n- Other actions only **partially affected** native title — for example, some mining and pastoral leases — meaning native title might still exist alongside those interests, but is temporarily \"put on hold\" (suspended) while the lease is in force.\n- Importantly, validating these past actions **does not** remove any special reservations or conditions that were already in place to benefit Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander peoples.\n\n**Compensation:** If native title was extinguished or affected, the **State of Queensland must pay compensation** to native title holders under the Commonwealth law.\n\n---\n\n### 2. Confirms Existing Rights Over Natural Resources and Public Places\n\nThe Act formally **confirms** (officially declares as already existing) that:\n- The Queensland government owns natural resources like minerals, petroleum, quarry material, and native fauna — even on land where native title exists.\n- The government controls water flows.\n- The public has the right to access and use beaches, waterways, foreshores, stock routes, and other public places.\n\n**Crucially:** These confirmations do **not** extinguish (wipe out) native title rights and interests. They simply clarify that these public rights exist alongside native title.\n\n---\n\n### 3. Confirms What Earlier Government Actions Did to Native Title\n\nThe Act also formally confirms the legal effect of earlier government acts on native title:\n- **Exclusive possession acts** (e.g. freehold title grants, certain leases that gave someone complete control over land) — these **completely extinguished** native title at the time they were done.\n- **Non-exclusive possession acts** (e.g. certain pastoral leases that didn't give complete control) — these only **partially affected** native title. Where there's no direct conflict, native title rights can still coexist.\n\n**For land developers, miners, and farmers:** Your existing titles and leases granted by the Queensland government are legally valid. You do not need to worry that they are invalid because of native title.\n\n**For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples:** Where your native title was extinguished by government action, you may be entitled to compensation. Where it was only partially affected (e.g. under a pastoral lease), your native title rights may still exist and can be exercised to the extent they don't conflict with the lease.\n\n---\n\n### 4. Compulsory Acquisition of Native Title\n\nThe government (or another authorised body) can **compulsorily acquire** (forcibly take) native title rights, in the same way it can acquire regular property rights for public purposes (like building a highway). If this happens, native title holders are entitled to compensation, payable by whoever acquired the rights — or by the State if that person can't pay.\n\n---\n\n### Who Is Affected?\n- **Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples** with native title rights in Queensland\n- **Landowners, farmers, and pastoralists** holding leases or freehold titles granted by the Queensland government\n- **Mining and resources companies** operating in Queensland\n- **The Queensland State government** (bound by this Act)\n- **The general public** (confirmed rights to access beaches and public places)"},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[{"type":"retroactive_impossibility","section":"sec.2","severity":"medium","reasoning":"The Act commences on proclamation, but ss.(3) and (4) deem certain sections to have commenced 'immediately after' provisions of other Acts which commenced years earlier (1991). If ss.(3) and (4) themselves don't commence until proclamation (which could be 1993 or later), those sections cannot logically have operated 'immediately after' 1991 events. Section 15C(1) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 is expressly excluded, suggesting the draftsman was aware of the problem but the exclusion does not fully resolve the logical impossibility of a provision that is not yet in force retrospectively fixing a commencement date in the past.","confidence":0.72,"description":"The commencement provision states the entire Act (including subsections (3) and (4)) commences on a day to be fixed by proclamation, yet subsections (3) and (4) purport to fix retroactive commencement dates tied to the commencement of provisions of other Acts (the Aboriginal Land Act 1991 and Torres Strait Islander Land Act 1991). This creates a bootstrapping problem: the subsections that define when certain sections 'are taken to have commenced' cannot themselves be operative until proclamation, yet they purport to operate retroactively from a point before that proclamation."},{"type":"retroactive_impossibility","section":"sec.8 and sec.8A","severity":"low","reasoning":"While retrospective validation is a well-known legislative technique, the formula 'taken always to have been valid' is logically self-contradicting because the acts were definitionally invalid (the entire purpose of the Act is to validate them). The Act cannot change the historical fact of their invalidity; it can only deem them valid going forward or for legal purposes. This is a recognised drafting absurdity inherent in the Commonwealth Native Title Act framework, but it remains a logical impossibility.","confidence":0.55,"description":"Sections 8 and 8A declare that past acts and intermediate period acts 'are valid, and are taken always to have been valid.' This is a legal fiction that is logically impossible: it asserts that acts which were in fact invalid (that is why validation is required) were 'always' valid, including at a time before the validating Act existed."},{"type":"self_contradicting","section":"sec.15A","severity":"medium","reasoning":"The legislative shorthand of using 'future act' as a defined category label while simultaneously requiring that such acts 'have already been done invalidly' creates an internal contradiction in plain English, even if legally the defined term resolves it. However, from a logical standpoint, an act cannot be both a 'future' act and one that 'has already been done.' This conflation could cause genuine interpretive confusion about which acts qualify.","confidence":0.65,"description":"Section 15A purports to validate 'future acts' that 'have already been done invalidly.' The term 'future act' is a defined term of art in the Commonwealth Native Title Act meaning an act done after 1 January 1994 affecting native title. The section simultaneously describes these as 'future acts' and as acts that 'have already been done' — a temporal contradiction where acts are characterised as future yet are simultaneously past."},{"type":"circular_definition","section":"sec.27(2)","severity":"low","reasoning":"The subsection attempts to prevent double compensation but the drafting creates a logical oddity. The entitlement to compensation under s.27(1) arises from extinguishment 'under this part.' Section 27(2) then qualifies this by excluding extinguishment that occurred 'otherwise than under this Act.' But if native title was extinguished before this Act, this Act's confirmation provisions (ss.20-23) would not be the cause of the extinguishment — they would merely confirm it. The compensation question then goes to the pre-existing extinguishment, not this Act. The subsection appears to be attempting to address a situation that cannot arise under its own framework.","confidence":0.6,"description":"Section 27(2) limits compensation entitlement to the extent that native title rights and interests 'were not extinguished otherwise than under this Act.' This creates an absurd circularity: native title holders are entitled to compensation under this Act for extinguishment under this Act, but only to the extent the rights were not already extinguished by some other mechanism. If rights were already extinguished before this Act operated, this Act's confirmation provisions would have nothing to extinguish and s.27(1) would be otiose. If they were not already extinguished, s.27(2) adds nothing."},{"type":"other","section":"sec.4 (definition of 'State Mining Act' vs 'State mining Act')","severity":"low","reasoning":"While the omitted definition no longer has legal effect, the presence of both 'State Mining Act' (om.) and 'State mining Act' (ins.) in the same definitions section, differing only in capitalisation, represents a drafting absurdity that could mislead readers. In legislation where precision matters, having a term that was deleted and replaced with a near-identical term creates unnecessary ambiguity.","confidence":0.7,"description":"Section 4 contains two separate defined terms that appear almost identical: 'State Mining Act' (capitalised 'M') which was omitted by 1998 No. 30, and 'State mining Act' (lowercase 'm') which was inserted by the same amending Act. The retention of both entries (one as omitted, one as current) in the definitions section creates potential for confusion about which term applies, particularly since the capitalisation difference is the only distinguishing feature."},{"type":"self_contradicting","section":"sec.13A","severity":"medium","reasoning":"There is a logical tension between extinguishing native title rights and interests (which include rights of access and use) and simultaneously preserving actual physical access and residence. Once native title is extinguished, the rights that would support continued residence are gone. Section 13A attempts to sever legal extinguishment from practical ejection rights, but provides no positive legal right of residence to replace the extinguished native title — leaving Aboriginal persons in a legal limbo where they cannot be ejected but have no identifiable legal right to remain.","confidence":0.68,"description":"Section 13A provides that extinguishment of native title under divisions 2 or 2A does not by itself confer a right to eject Aboriginal persons residing on or exercising access over land covered by a pastoral lease. However, the Act (particularly ss.10-13AD) provides that validated past acts and intermediate period acts can fully extinguish native title. A full extinguishment of native title logically removes the legal basis for continued presence, yet the section purports to preserve physical presence rights without any legal underpinning."}],"contradictions":[{"severity":"low","section_a":"sec.3(2)(b)","section_b":"sec.8 and sec.8A","confidence":0.45,"description":"Section 3(2)(b) states an object of this Act is to ensure Queensland law is consistent with standards set by the Commonwealth Native Title Act for future dealings affecting native title. However, ss.8 and 8A validate past acts and intermediate period acts absolutely and unconditionally ('every past act... is valid'), without any apparent qualification that those validations must themselves meet Commonwealth standards. The Commonwealth Native Title Act imposes conditions on state validation laws, and a blanket unconditional validation may not in all cases satisfy those conditions."},{"severity":"low","section_a":"sec.22","section_b":"sec.9","confidence":0.55,"description":"Section 9 states the remaining provisions of Part 2 (other than division 4) apply to past acts validated by s.8 and intermediate period acts validated by s.8A. Section 22 states that if s.20 or s.21 (in Part 4) applies to an act, ss.10 to 13AE (in Part 2) do not apply. This creates a situation where Part 4 overrides Part 2 for the same acts, but s.9 does not itself acknowledge or carve out the Part 4 override, potentially misleading readers about the scope of Part 2's application."},{"severity":"medium","section_a":"sec.23(2)","section_b":"sec.10","confidence":0.62,"description":"Section 23(2) states that s.23 does not apply if the act is the grant of a pastoral lease or agricultural lease to which s.10 applies. Section 10 applies to category A past acts (not public works), which includes agricultural and pastoral leases. However, s.23 deals with previous non-exclusive possession acts, and under the Commonwealth Native Title Act framework, pastoral leases are typically non-exclusive possession acts (category B), not category A past acts. This cross-reference creates confusion about whether pastoral leases are category A (extinguishing, via s.10) or non-exclusive possession acts (partially extinguishing, via s.23), with s.23(2) assuming they could be both."},{"severity":"medium","section_a":"sec.15 (compensation for past/intermediate period acts)","section_b":"sec.27 (compensation for extinguishment under Part 4)","confidence":0.58,"description":"Section 15 provides compensation entitlement for validation of past acts and intermediate period acts under Part 2. Section 27 provides compensation for extinguishment confirmed under Part 4. Section 22 and s.23(3) provide that where Part 4 applies to an act, ss.10-13AE (Part 2) do not apply. This means the compensation regime under s.15 (Part 2) would not apply to acts dealt with under Part 4 — leaving s.27 as the only compensation pathway. However, the compensation under s.27(2) is limited to extinguishment 'not extinguished otherwise than under this Act,' creating a potential gap where no compensation is available for acts confirmed (not newly extinguished) under Part 4."},{"severity":"low","section_a":"sec.5(1)","section_b":"sec.5(3)","confidence":0.5,"description":"Section 5(1) states words used in both the Commonwealth Native Title Act and this Act have the same meanings as in the Commonwealth Native Title Act. Section 5(3) states s.5(1) does not apply to words defined in s.4. Section 4 contains almost entirely omitted definitions (marked 'om 1998 No. 30 s 5'), leaving only 'Commonwealth Native Title Act', 'NTA' and 'State mining Act' as live definitions. Section 5(3)'s carve-out therefore applies to very few terms, yet s.5(2) also carves out situations where 'context or subject matter otherwise indicates.' The interaction of ss.5(2) and 5(3) is unclear — if a word is defined in s.4 but context suggests a different meaning, which carve-out prevails?"},{"severity":"medium","section_a":"sec.11(3)","section_b":"sec.13AB(3)","confidence":0.67,"description":"Section 11(3) provides that for certain public works (category A past acts completed after 1 January 1994), extinguishment is 'taken to have happened on 1 January 1994.' Section 13AB(3) provides that for category A intermediate period acts that are public works, extinguishment 'is taken to have happened when the construction or establishment started.' These two provisions apply different deeming rules for the timing of extinguishment for public works — one fixes a statutory date (1 January 1994) while the other fixes the date of commencement of construction. For works that straddle the relevant periods, this could produce contradictory extinguishment dates for what may be functionally similar or related acts."}]}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/native-title-queensland-act-1993","history":"/api/acts/native-title-queensland-act-1993/history","analysis":"/api/acts/native-title-queensland-act-1993/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/native-title-queensland-act-1993/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/native-title-queensland-act-1993/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/native-title-queensland-act-1993/documents"}}